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King RE, Rademacher J, Ward-Shaw ET, Hu R, Bilger A, Blaine-Sauer S, Spurgeon ME, Thibeault SL, Lambert PF. The Larynx is Protected from Secondary and Vertical Papillomavirus Infection in Immunocompetent Mice. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:2322-2330. [PMID: 38084790 PMCID: PMC11006576 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mouse papillomavirus MmuPV1 causes both primary and secondary infections of the larynx in immunocompromised mice. Understanding lateral and vertical transmission of papillomavirus to the larynx would benefit patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). To test the hypothesis that the larynx is uniquely vulnerable to papillomavirus infection, and to further develop a mouse model of RRP, we assessed whether immunocompetent mice were vulnerable to secondary or vertical laryngeal infection with MmuPV1. METHODS Larynges were collected from 405 immunocompetent adult mice that were infected with MmuPV1 in the oropharynx, oral cavity, or anus, and 31 mouse pups born to immunocompetent females infected in the cervicovaginal tract. Larynges were analyzed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of lavage fluid or whole tissues for viral DNA, histopathology, and/or in situ hybridization for MmuPV1 transcripts. RESULTS Despite some positive laryngeal lavage PCR screens, all laryngeal tissue PCR and histopathology results were negative for MmuPV1 DNA, transcripts, and disease. There was no evidence for lateral spread of MmuPV1 to the larynges of immunocompetent mice that were infected in the oral cavity, oropharynx, or anus. Pups born to infected mothers were negative for laryngeal MmuPV1 infection from birth through weaning age. CONCLUSION Secondary and vertical laryngeal MmuPV1 infections were not found in immunocompetent mice. Further work is necessary to explore immunologic control of laryngeal papillomavirus infection in a mouse model and to improve preclinical models of RRP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:2322-2330, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E. King
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Josef Rademacher
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ella T. Ward-Shaw
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Andrea Bilger
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Simon Blaine-Sauer
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Megan E. Spurgeon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Susan L. Thibeault
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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2
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Contreras A, Sánchez SA, Rodríguez-Medina C, Botero JE. The role and impact of viruses on cancer development. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38641954 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on three major aspects of oncoviruses' role in cancer development. To begin, we discuss their geographic distribution, revealing that seven oncoviruses cause 20% of all human cancers worldwide. Second, we investigate the primary carcinogenic mechanisms, looking at how these oncogenic viruses can induce cellular transformation, angiogenesis, and local and systemic inflammation. Finally, we investigate the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection reactivating latent oncoviruses, which could increase the risk of further disease. The development of oncovirus vaccines holds great promise for reducing cancer burden. Many unanswered questions about the host and environmental cofactors that contribute to cancer development and prevention remain, which ongoing research is attempting to address.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Amaya Sánchez
- Advanced Periodontology Program, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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3
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Munday JS, Bond SD, Piripi S, Soulsby SJ, Knox MA. Canis Familiaris Papillomavirus Type 26: A Novel Papillomavirus of Dogs and the First Canine Papillomavirus within the Omegapapillomavirus Genus. Viruses 2024; 16:595. [PMID: 38675936 PMCID: PMC11054245 DOI: 10.3390/v16040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic dogs are currently recognized as being infected by 25 different canine papillomavirus (CPV) types classified into three genera. A short sequence from a novel CPV type was amplified, along with CPV1, from a papilloma (wart) from the mouth of a dog. The entire 7499 bp genome was amplified, and CPV26 contained putative coding regions that were predicted to produce four early proteins and two late ones. The ORF L1 showed less than 62% similarity for all previously sequenced CPV types but over 69% similarity to multiple Omegapapillomavirus types from a variety of Caniform species including the giant panda, Weddel seal, and polar bear. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed CPV26 clusters within the Omegapapillomavirus genus. Specific primers were used to investigate the presence of CPV26 DNA within a series of 37 canine proliferative lesions. CPV26 DNA was amplified from one lesion, a cutaneous papilloma that also contained CPV6. This is the first time a PV type within the Omegapapillomavirus genus has been detected in a non-domestic species and this provides evidence that the omegapapillomaviruses infected a common ancestor of, and then co-evolved with, the Caniform species. Whether CPV26 causes disease is uncertain, but the absence of an E7 protein may suggest low pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Munday
- Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Sarah D. Bond
- Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Susan Piripi
- IDEXX Laboratories, Palmerston Noth 4410, New Zealand;
| | | | - Matthew A. Knox
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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4
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Bouzidi S, Puech J, Fulla M, González-Compta X, Pere H, Alemany L, Veyer D, Bravo IG. Two Human papillomavirus 11 complete genomes recovered from inverted sinonasal papillomas in humans. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0118423. [PMID: 38441980 PMCID: PMC11008159 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01184-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
We communicate here two complete Human papillomavirus 11 (HPV11) genomes recovered from one transitional and from one squamous inverted sinonasal papilloma, a rare proliferative disease in humans. Both genomes belong to the HPV11_A2 sublineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bouzidi
- Laboratory MIVEGEC (Univ Montpellier CNRS, IRD), French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Puech
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Unité de Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marta Fulla
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier González-Compta
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Hélène Pere
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Unité de Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laia Alemany
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics (UNIC EMG), Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, ICO, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Veyer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Unité de Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio G. Bravo
- Laboratory MIVEGEC (Univ Montpellier CNRS, IRD), French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Montpellier, France
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5
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Jacques C, Marchand F, Chatelais M, Albinet V, Coustal C, Floris I. The Micro-Immunotherapy Medicine 2LPAPI ® Displays Immune-Modulatory Effects in a Model of Human Papillomavirus Type-16 L1-Protein Capsid-Treated Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Antiproliferative Effects in a Model of Cervical Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1421. [PMID: 38611099 PMCID: PMC11010933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the second most common infectious agent causing cancer. Persistent infection with high-risk (HR)-HPV can lead to cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and cervical carcinomas (CC). While host immune response is necessary for viral clearance, chronic immune activation contributes to a low-grade inflammation that can ultimately lead to carcinogenesis. The micro-immunotherapy medicine (MIM) 2LPAPI® could be a valuable tool to manage the clearance of the virus and reduce the risk of developing CC. In this in vitro study, we aimed to investigate its mode of action. We showed that actives from the MIM increased the IL-6, IFN-γ, and IP-10 secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to peptides derived from the HPV-16 capsid (HPV16(L1)). This could reflect an increase in the immune activity toward HPV-16. At the same time, some active substances reduced the lympho-proliferation and the expression of T-cell activation markers. Finally, some of the MIM actives displayed antiproliferative effects in CC-derived HeLa cells under serum-starvation conditions. Altogether, this body of data highlighted for the first time the dual effect of MIM in the framework of HR-HPV infections as a potential (i) immune modulator of HPV16(L1)-treated PBMCs and (ii) antiproliferative agent of HPV-positive CC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jacques
- Preclinical Research Department, Labo’Life France, Pescalis-Les Magnys, 79320 Moncoutant-sur-Sevre, France;
| | - Flora Marchand
- ProfileHIT, 7 rue du Buisson, 44680 Sainte-Pazanne, France; (F.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Mathias Chatelais
- ProfileHIT, 7 rue du Buisson, 44680 Sainte-Pazanne, France; (F.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Virginie Albinet
- Imavita S.A.S., Canal Biotech 1&2, 3 rue des Satellites, Parc Technologique du Canal, 31400 Toulouse, France; (V.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Claire Coustal
- Imavita S.A.S., Canal Biotech 1&2, 3 rue des Satellites, Parc Technologique du Canal, 31400 Toulouse, France; (V.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Ilaria Floris
- Preclinical Research Department, Labo’Life France, Pescalis-Les Magnys, 79320 Moncoutant-sur-Sevre, France;
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6
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Munday JS, Dunbar ME, Wightman P, Piripi S. Osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma associated with a putative novel papillomavirus on the digit of a cat. N Z Vet J 2024; 72:112-117. [PMID: 38043925 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2285294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS An approximately 10-year-old, castrated male domestic short-haired cat developed swelling and ulceration of the second digit of the right front paw. Radiographs revealed a spherical soft tissue swelling with irregular distal margins that contained multiple lacy mineral opacities. The digit was amputated and submitted for histology. No recurrence has been observed 7 months after amputation. PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS Histology revealed a moderately well-circumscribed proliferation of well-differentiated squamous cells arranged in trabeculae and nests. Numerous thin spicules of osseous metaplasia were visible throughout the neoplasm. Around 70% of the neoplastic cells contained papillomavirus-induced cell changes including large amphophilic cytoplasmic bodies and cells with shrunken nuclei surrounded by a clear halo. Intense p16CDKN2A protein immunostaining was visible within the neoplastic cells, suggesting papillomavirus-induced changes in cell regulation. A DNA sequence from a putative novel Taupapillomavirus type was amplified from the neoplasm. DIAGNOSIS Osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma associated with a putative novel papillomavirus type. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings in this case increase the number of papillomavirus types known to infect cats, and the squamous cell carcinoma had histological features that have not been previously reported. The neoplasm was not as invasive as is typical for a squamous cell carcinoma and excision appeared curative. This is the first report of an osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin of cats and the neoplasm had a unique radiographic appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Munday
- Department of Pathobiology, Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - M E Dunbar
- Pet Doctors Hillcrest, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - P Wightman
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S Piripi
- IDEXX Laboratories (NZ), Palmerston North, New Zealand
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7
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Khalil MI, Yang C, Vu L, Chadha S, Nabors H, James CD, Morgan IM, Pyeon D. The membrane-associated ubiquitin ligase MARCHF8 stabilizes the human papillomavirus oncoprotein E7 by degrading CUL1 and UBE2L3 in head and neck cancer. J Virol 2024; 98:e0172623. [PMID: 38226814 PMCID: PMC10878100 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01726-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E7 is a relatively short-lived protein required for HPV-driven cancer development and maintenance. E7 is degraded through ubiquitination mediated by cullin 1 (CUL1) and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 (UBE2L3). However, E7 proteins are maintained at high levels in most HPV-positive cancer cells. A previous proteomics study has shown that UBE2L3 and CUL1 protein levels are increased by the knockdown of the E3 ubiquitin ligase membrane-associated ring-CH-type finger 8 (MARCHF8). We have recently demonstrated that HPV16 upregulates MARCHF8 expression in HPV-positive keratinocytes and head and neck cancer (HPV+ HNC) cells. Here, we report that MARCHF8 stabilizes the HPV16 E7 protein by degrading the components of the S-phase kinase-associated protein 1-CUL1-F-box ubiquitin ligase complex in HPV+ HNC cells. We found that MARCHF8 knockdown in HPV+ HNC cells drastically decreases the HPV16 E7 protein level while increasing the CUL1 and UBE2L3 protein levels. We further revealed that the MARCHF8 protein binds to and ubiquitinates CUL1 and UBE2L3 proteins and that MARCHF8 knockdown enhances the ubiquitination of the HPV16 E7 protein. Conversely, the overexpression of CUL1 and UBE2L3 in HPV+ HNC cells decreases HPV16 E7 protein levels and suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Our findings suggest that HPV-induced MARCHF8 prevents the degradation of the HPV16 E7 protein in HPV+ HNC cells by ubiquitinating and degrading CUL1 and UBE2L3 proteins.IMPORTANCESince human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E7 is essential for virus replication; HPV has to maintain high levels of E7 expression in HPV-infected cells. However, HPV E7 can be efficiently ubiquitinated by a ubiquitin ligase and degraded by proteasomes in the host cell. Mechanistically, the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex cullin 1 (CUL1) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 (UBE2L3) components play an essential role in E7 ubiquitination and degradation. Here, we show that the membrane ubiquitin ligase membrane-associated ring-CH-type finger 8 (MARCHF8) induced by HPV16 E6 stabilizes the E7 protein by degrading CUL1 and UBE2L3 and blocking E7 degradation through proteasomes. MARCHF8 knockout restores CUL1 and UBE2L3 expression, decreasing E7 protein levels and inhibiting the proliferation of HPV-positive cancer cells. Additionally, overexpression of CUL1 or UBE2L3 decreases E7 protein levels and suppresses in vivo tumor growth. Our results suggest that HPV16 maintains high E7 protein levels in the host cell by inducing MARCHF8, which may be critical for cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I. Khalil
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Canchai Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Lexi Vu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Smriti Chadha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Harrison Nabors
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Claire D. James
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Iain M. Morgan
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Del Pino M, Vorsters A, Joura EA, Doorbar J, Haniszewski M, Gudina IA, Kodjamanova P, Velicer C, Drury R. Risk factors for human papillomavirus infection and disease: A targeted literature summary. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29420. [PMID: 38377121 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Adolescents are the primary cohort for routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, but unvaccinated adults may also benefit. A lack of consensus on which adults to target and the presence of reimbursement barriers likely contribute to the lag in adult vaccinations, highlighting missed prevention opportunities. Understanding factors contributing to risk of HPV infection and disease could help in decision making on vaccination. This review summarizes existing literature on risk factors for HPV infection and disease and includes 153 studies reporting relative risks or odds ratios for factors associated with HPV infection or disease in adults, published between 2009 and 2020. Despite inconsistent design and reporting of risk factors across studies, this review confirmed several risk factors associated with adult infection, including human immunodeficiency virus positivity, number of sex partners, and smoking. These findings can support policymaking, guideline development, and clinical decision making for HPV vaccination and screening of high-risk adult groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Del Pino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Vorsters
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elmar A Joura
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John Doorbar
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Christine Velicer
- Global Medical and Scientific Affairs, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rosybel Drury
- Global Medical and Scientific Affairs, MSD, Lyon, France
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SUMI A, CHAMBERS JK, ITO S, KOJIMA K, OMACHI T, DOI M, UCHIDA K. Different expression patterns of p63 and p73 in Felis catus papillomavirus type 2-associated feline Merkel cell carcinomas and other epidermal carcinomas. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:39-48. [PMID: 38030281 PMCID: PMC10849848 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a cutaneous neuroendocrine tumor, and more than 90% of feline MCC cases test positive for Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 (FcaPV2). In the present study, basal cell markers p40, p63, and p73 and the stem cell marker SOX2 and cytokeratin 14 (CK14) were immunohistochemically examined in normal fetal, infant, and adult feline skin tissues. The expression of these proteins was examined in tumors positive for FcaPV2, including MCC, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), Bowenoid in situ carcinoma (BISC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Infant and adult feline skin tissues had mature Merkel cells, which were CK14-, CK18+, CK20+, SOX2+, synaptophysin+ and CD56+, while fetal skin tissue had no mature Merkel cells. MCC was immunopositive for p73, CK18, and SOX2 in 32/32 cases, and immunonegative for CK14 in 31/32 cases and for p40 and p63 in 32/32 cases. These results indicate that MCC exhibits different immunophenotypes from Merkel cells (p73-) and basal cells (p40+, p63+, and SOX2-). In contrast, all 3 BCCs, 1 BISC, and 2 SCCs were immunopositive for the basal cell markers p40, p63, and p73. The life cycle of papillomavirus is closely associated with the differentiation of infected basal cells, which requires the transcription factor p63. Changes in p63 expression in FcaPV2-positive MCC may be associated with unique cytokeratin expression patterns (CK14-, CK18+, and CK20+). Furthermore, SOX2 appears to be involved in Merkel cell differentiation in cats, similar to humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi SUMI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K CHAMBERS
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soma ITO
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro KOJIMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masaki DOI
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Patho-Labo, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Ikechukwu CK, Qin K, Zhang H, Pan J, Zhang W. Novel equid papillomavirus from domestic donkey. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:171-177. [PMID: 37246448 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillomaviruses can be of great medical importance as they infect humans and animals such as Equus species, other livestock and pets. They are responsible for several papillomas and benign tumours in their host. OBJECTIVES To describe a novel equid papillomavirus detected in oral swab samples collected from donkeys (Equus asinus) found on the Northwest plateau of China. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Swab samples collected from the oral mucosa of 32 donkeys in the Gansu Province of China, were subjected to viral metagenomic analysis to detect the presence of Papillomavirus. After de novo assembly, a novel papillomavirus genome designated as Equus asinus papillomavirus 3 (EaPV3) was identified in the studied samples. Additional bioinformatic analysis of the assembled genome was done using the Geneious prime software (version 2022.0.2). RESULTS The complete circular genome of EaPV3 is 7430 bp in length with a GC content of 50.8%. The genome was predicted to contain five ORFs coding for three early proteins (E7, E1, and E2) and two late proteins (L1 and L2). Phylogenic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the concatenated amino acid sequences of the E1E2L1L2 genes revealed that EaPV3 is most closely related to Equus asinus papillomavirus 1 (EaPV1). The genome analysis of EaPV3 revealed similar genome organisation with other equine papillomavirus and the presence of E7 papillomavirus oncoprotein. MAIN LIMITATIONS Since there were no warts in the oral cavity of the donkeys in this study, and no biopsy samples taken, we are unable to conclusively link the novel virus to any clinical condition in the donkeys. CONCLUSIONS The Comparative characterisation of EaPV3 and its closest relatives, as well as phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that it is a novel virus specie that clusters within the Dyochipapilloma PV genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwudozie Kingsley Ikechukwu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Kailin Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiamin Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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11
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Dominguez-Lafage C, Laganà M, Gesbert F, Marin-Esteban V, Schlecht-Louf G, Bachelerie F, Deback C. [The cutaneous virome: from virology to personalized medicine]. Virologie (Montrouge) 2023; 27:333-354. [PMID: 38239028 DOI: 10.1684/vir.2023.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The virome of the skin, defined as all viruses detected in the skin, represents a significant part of the microbiota. A much more recent discovery than the bacterial flora, the existence of the cutaneous virome has been revealed by recent metagenomic studies. The normal human skin virome is dominated by bacteriophages, Papillomaviridae, whose genomic diversity has proved extraordinary, and Polyomaviridae. Many yet unknown viral genomes within this virome await identification. The composition of the virome of the skin has been shown to be strictly individual and relatively stable over time, resulting from adaptation to everyone's genetics, lifestyle and mechanisms of immunological tolerance finely selected over the course of evolution. Yet little studied, the virome of the skin and all its interactions with other microbiota and the host are attracting growing interest. Indeed, constitutional or acquired alterations in the homeostasis between the commensal virome and the skin, ranging from sub-clinical viral dysbiosis to severe transformation of keratinocytes or adnexal cells, have been observed. These recent observations are stimulating the search for innovative solutions aimed at measuring or even modulating its pathological expression, with a view to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Dominguez-Lafage
- Inflammation, microbiome and immunosurveillance, Inserm UMR-996, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, 17, avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Marta Laganà
- Inflammation, microbiome and immunosurveillance, Inserm UMR-996, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, 17, avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Franck Gesbert
- Inflammation, microbiome and immunosurveillance, Inserm UMR-996, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, 17, avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Viviana Marin-Esteban
- Inflammation, microbiome and immunosurveillance, Inserm UMR-996, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, 17, avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- Inflammation, microbiome and immunosurveillance, Inserm UMR-996, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, 17, avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- Inflammation, microbiome and immunosurveillance, Inserm UMR-996, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, 17, avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Claire Deback
- Inflammation, microbiome and immunosurveillance, Inserm UMR-996, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, 17, avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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12
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King RE, Bilger A, Rademacher J, Lambert PF, Thibeault SL. Preclinical Models of Laryngeal Papillomavirus Infection: A Scoping Review. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:3256-3268. [PMID: 37227124 PMCID: PMC10674042 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Laryngeal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) and accounts for up to 25% of laryngeal cancers. Lack of satisfactory preclinical models is one reason that treatments for these diseases are limited. We sought to assess the literature describing preclinical models of laryngeal papillomavirus infection. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from the inception of database through October 2022. REVIEW METHODS Studies searched were screened by two investigators. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed, published in English, presented original data, and described attempted models of laryngeal papillomavirus infection. Data examined included type of papillomavirus, infection model, and results including success rate, disease phenotype, and viral retention. RESULTS After screening 440 citations and 138 full-text studies, 77 studies published between 1923 and 2022 were included. Models used low-risk HPV or RRP (n = 51 studies), high-risk HPV or laryngeal cancer (n = 16), both low- and high-risk HPV (n = 1), and animal papillomaviruses (n = 9). For RRP, 2D and 3D cell culture models and xenografts retained disease phenotypes and HPV DNA in the short term. Two laryngeal cancer cell lines were consistently HPV-positive in multiple studies. Animal laryngeal infections with animal papillomaviruses resulted in disease and long-term retention of viral DNA. CONCLUSIONS Laryngeal papillomavirus infection models have been researched for 100 years and primarily involve low-risk HPV. Most models lose viral DNA after a short duration. Future work is needed to model persistent and recurrent diseases, consistent with RRP and HPV-positive laryngeal cancer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 133:3256-3268, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E King
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Andrea Bilger
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Josef Rademacher
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Susan L Thibeault
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
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13
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Orlandi M, Mazzei M, Albanese F, Pazzini L, Mei M, Lazzarini G, Forzan M, Massaro M, Vascellari M, Abramo F. Clinical, histopathological, and molecular characterization of canine pigmented viral plaques. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:857-864. [PMID: 37644783 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231195762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Canine pigmented viral plaques (PVPs) are proliferative epidermal lesions caused by canine papillomaviruses (CPVs). Although the lesions are benign, neoplastic transformation has been reported. Cases reported in the literature are few and mainly focused on genome sequencing. The aim of this study was to collect data on the epidemiology, clinicopathological features, and genotyping of PVPs. Fifty-five canine PVPs were retrospectively retrieved and histologically evaluated. Follow-up was available for 33 cases. The median age was 6.5 years and pugs were the most represented breed (25%). There were 4 clinical presentations: a single lesion (24%), multiple lesions (75%) in one (41%) or different sites (34%), and generalized lesions all over the body (24%). The abdomen and axillae were the most common sites. In single lesions, no recurrence was observed after conventional surgery, whereas different medical treatments reported for multiple lesions were not successful. Spontaneous regression was reported in 3 cases. Neoplasia in contiguity with PVPs was seen in 5 of 55 lesions (9%), and 1 dog was euthanized due to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The most useful histopathological features for diagnosis were scalloped profile, epidermal spikes, hypergranulosis, and hyperpigmentation. L1 immunolabeling was present in 14 of 16 cases (87%). Sequencing revealed that 10 of 16 cases were associated with CPV-9 (71%), 2 cases were associated with CPV-4 (14%), and 2 cases were associated with CPV-8 (14%). In conclusion, this represents a large cohort study on canine PVPs reporting data on clinicopathological features, therapy, outcome, and the type of CPV involved for the first time in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Pazzini
- Private Veterinary Laboratory "MyLav," Passirana di Rho, Italy
| | - Martina Mei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Lazzarini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Forzan
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Massaro
- Private Veterinary Laboratory "MyLav," Passirana di Rho, Italy
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Abramo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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14
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Mack ZE, Caserta LC, Renshaw RW, Nakagun S, Gerdes RS, Diel DG, Childs-Sanford SE, Peters-Kennedy J. Histopathologic and molecular characterization of Erethizon dorsatum papillomavirus 1 and Erethizon dorsatum papillomavirus 2 infection in North American porcupines ( Erethizon dorsatum). Vet Pathol 2023; 60:898-904. [PMID: 37264637 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231176564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Erethizon dorsatum papillomavirus 1 (EdPV1) and Erethizon dorsatum papillomavirus 2 (EdPV2) are associated with cutaneous papillomas in North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum). This study defined gross, histopathologic, and molecular characteristics of viral papillomas in 10 North American porcupines submitted to the New York State Animal Health Diagnostic Center. Investigation for the presence of EdPV1 and EdPV2 DNA via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in 9 of the 10 (90.0%) porcupines, and all porcupines were investigated for the detection and localization of EdPV1 and EdPV2 E6 and E7 nucleic acid via chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in 2 porcupines. Papillomas were diagnosed on the muzzle (n = 4), caudal dorsum (n = 1), upper lip (n = 1), chin (n = 1), gingiva (n = 2), and nasal planum (n = 1). Histologically, the lesions consisted of hyperplastic epidermis or epithelium with orthokeratotic keratin, prominent keratohyalin granules, and intranuclear inclusion bodies. PCR identified EdPV1 in 6 of 9 samples and EdPV2 in the remaining 3 samples. NGS resulted in 100% genome coverage of EdPV1 and 76.20% genome coverage of EdPV2 compared with GenBank reference sequences, with 99.8% sequence identity to the complete EdPV2 L1 gene of a novel subtype recently identified in France. Hybridization patterns in 9 of the 10 (90.0%) porcupines were characterized by strong nuclear signals in the superficial epidermis, with strong nuclear and punctate cytoplasmic signals in the stratum spinosum and basale. In one animal, CISH suggested dual EdPV1 and EdPV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E Mack
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY
| | | | | | - Shotaro Nakagun
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
| | - Rhea S Gerdes
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
| | - Diego G Diel
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
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15
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Romero-Masters JC, Muehlbauer LK, Hayes M, Grace M, Shishkova E, Coon JJ, Munger K, Lambert PF. MmuPV1 E6 induces cell proliferation and other hallmarks of cancer. mBio 2023; 14:e0245823. [PMID: 37905801 PMCID: PMC10746199 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02458-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The E6 protein encoded by the murine papillomavirus (MmuPV1) is essential for MmuPV1-induced skin disease. Our previous work has identified a number of cellular interacting partners of MmuPV1 E6 and E7 through affinity purification/mass spectrometry analysis. These studies revealed that MmuPV1 E6 potently inhibits keratinocyte differentiation through multiple molecular mechanisms including inhibition of NOTCH and TGF-β signaling. Here, we report that MmuPV1 E6 has additional important oncogenic activities when expressed in its natural host cells, mouse keratinocytes, including increasing proliferation, overcoming density-mediated growth arrest, and proliferation under conditions of limited supply of growth factors. Unbiased proteomic/transcriptomic analyses of mouse keratinocytes expressing MmuPV1 E6 substantiated its effect on these cellular processes and divulged that some of these effects may be mediated in part through it upregulating E2F activity. Our analyses also revealed that MmuPV1 E6 may alter other cancer hallmarks including evasion of growth suppressors, inhibition of immune response, resistance to cell death, and alterations in DNA damage response. Collectively, our results suggest that MmuPV1 E6 is a major driver of multiple hallmarks of cancer in MmuPV1's natural host cells, mouse keratinocytes.IMPORTANCEThe Mus musculus papillomavirus 1 (MmuPV1) E6 and E7 proteins are required for MmuPV1-induced disease. Our understanding of the activities of MmuPV1 E6 has been based on affinity purification/mass spectrometry studies where cellular interacting partners of MmuPV1 E6 were identified, and these studies revealed that MmuPV1 E6 can inhibit keratinocyte differentiation through multiple mechanisms. We report that MmuPV1 E6 encodes additional activities including the induction of proliferation, resistance to density-mediated growth arrest, and decreased dependence on exogenous growth factors. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses provided evidence that MmuPV1 E6 increases the expression and steady state levels of a number of cellular proteins that promote cellular proliferation and other hallmarks of cancer. These results indicate that MmuPV1 E6 is a major driver of MmuPV1-induced pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Romero-Masters
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Laura K. Muehlbauer
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mitchell Hayes
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Miranda Grace
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karl Munger
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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16
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Oh C, Buckley PM, Choi J, Hierro A, DiMaio D. Sequence-independent activity of a predicted long disordered segment of the human papillomavirus type 16 L2 capsid protein during virus entry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307721120. [PMID: 37819982 PMCID: PMC10589650 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307721120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of proteins is thought to be invariably determined by their amino acid sequence or composition, but we show that a long segment of a viral protein can support infection independent of its sequence or composition. During virus entry, the papillomavirus L2 capsid protein protrudes through the endosome membrane into the cytoplasm to bind cellular factors such as retromer required for intracellular virus trafficking. Here, we show that an ~110 amino acid segment of L2 is predicted to be disordered and that large deletions in this segment abolish infectivity of HPV16 pseudoviruses by inhibiting cytoplasmic protrusion of L2, association with retromer, and proper virus trafficking. The activity of these mutants can be restored by insertion of protein segments with diverse sequences, compositions, and chemical properties, including scrambled amino acid sequences, a tandem array of a short sequence, and the intrinsically disordered region of an unrelated cellular protein. The infectivity of mutants with small in-frame deletions in this segment directly correlates with the size of the segment. These results indicate that the length of the disordered segment, not its sequence or composition, determines its activity during HPV16 pseudovirus infection. We propose that a minimal length of L2 is required for it to protrude far enough into the cytoplasm to bind cytoplasmic trafficking factors, but the sequence of this segment is largely irrelevant. Thus, protein segments can carry out complex biological functions such as Human papillomavirus pseudovirus infection in a sequence-independent manner. This finding has important implications for protein function and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changin Oh
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520-8005
| | - Patrick M. Buckley
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536-0812
| | - Jeongjoon Choi
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520-8005
| | - Aitor Hierro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Bilbao, Derio48160, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao48009, Spain
| | - Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520-8005
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520-8040
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520-8024
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT06520-8028
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17
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Ali U, Bette M, Ambreen G, Pinnapireddy SR, Tariq I, Marquardt A, Stuck BA, Bakowsky U, Mandic R. RNAi-Mediated Knockdown of Cottontail Rabbit Papillomavirus Oncogenes Using Low-Toxicity Lipopolyplexes as a Paradigm to Treat Papillomavirus-Associated Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2379. [PMID: 37896139 PMCID: PMC10610439 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV)-associated VX2 carcinoma of the New Zealand White rabbit serves as a model system for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the tumor-inhibiting effect of RNAi-mediated knockdown of the CRPV oncogenes, E6 and E7, using siRNA-loaded lipopolyplexes (LPPs). VX2-carcinoma-derived cells were cultured for up to 150 passages. In addition, CRPV E6 and E7 oncogenes were transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. Efficiency and safety of LPPs were evaluated in both VX2 cells and the COS-7 cell line. Both of these in vitro CRPV systems were validated and characterized by fluorescence microscopy, Western blot, and RT-qPCR. Efficient knockdown of CRPV E6 and E7 was achieved in VX2 cells and COS-7 cells pretransfected with CRPV E6 and E7 expression vectors. Knockdown of CRPV oncogenes in VX2 cells resulted in reduced viability, migration, and proliferation and led to a G0/G1 block in the cell cycle. CRPV E6 and E7 siRNA-loaded LPPs could represent promising therapeutic agents serving as a paradigm for the treatment of papillomavirus-positive cancers and could be of value for the treatment of CRPV-associated diseases in the rabbit such as papillomas and cancers of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany (I.T.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bette
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ghazala Ambreen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany (I.T.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shashank R. Pinnapireddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany (I.T.)
- CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, 35041 Marburg, Germany
| | - Imran Tariq
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany (I.T.)
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - André Marquardt
- Department of Pathology, Klinikum Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Boris A. Stuck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany (I.T.)
| | - Robert Mandic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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18
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Gil da Costa RM, Abreu-Silva AL. Editorial: Biology and pathology of tumor viruses in animals, volume II. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1286103. [PMID: 37781279 PMCID: PMC10539622 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1286103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui M. Gil da Costa
- Postgraduate Programme in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Health Research Network (RISE)@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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19
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Kataoka Y, Fujita T, Fukunaga K, Hanaoka J. A case of primary lung cancer requiring differentiation from metastatic cervical cancer. Respirol Case Rep 2023; 11:e01196. [PMID: 37534047 PMCID: PMC10390465 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
p16 has been used as a surrogate marker for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related tumours. However, it remains unclear whether p16 is also a potential marker for pulmonary tumours. Herein, we report the case of an 80-year-old woman with a history of papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, presenting with a left pulmonary tumour. A bronchoscopic biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma with a papillary pattern, which did not rule out pulmonary metastasis from the cervix. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the cervical tumour was positive for p16, whereas the pulmonary tumour was negative and was effectively diagnosed as primary pulmonary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kataoka
- Department of SurgeryShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- Department of General Thoracic SurgeryKohka Public HospitalKohkaJapan
| | - Takuya Fujita
- Department of General Thoracic SurgeryKohka Public HospitalKohkaJapan
| | - Kentaro Fukunaga
- Department of Respiratory MedicineKohka Public HospitalKohkaJapan
| | - Jun Hanaoka
- Department of SurgeryShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
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20
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Kuehner F, Wong M, Straub E, Doorbar J, Iftner T, Roden RBS, Stubenrauch F. Mus musculus papillomavirus 1 E8^E2 represses expression of late protein E4 in basal-like keratinocytes via NCoR/SMRT-HDAC3 co-repressor complexes to enable wart formation in vivo. mBio 2023; 14:e0069623. [PMID: 37382436 PMCID: PMC10470772 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00696-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (PV) account for approximately 600,000 new cancers per year. The early protein E8^E2 is a conserved repressor of PV replication, whereas E4 is a late protein that arrests cells in G2 and collapses keratin filaments to facilitate virion release. While inactivation of the Mus musculus PV1 (MmuPV1) E8 start codon (E8-) increases viral gene expression, surprisingly, it prevents wart formation in FoxN1nu/nu mice. To understand this surprising phenotype, the impact of additional E8^E2 mutations was characterized in tissue culture and mice. MmuPV1 and HPV E8^E2 similarly interact with cellular NCoR/SMRT-HDAC3 co-repressor complexes. Disruption of the splice donor sequence used to generate the E8^E2 transcript or E8^E2 mutants (mt) with impaired binding to NCoR/SMRT-HDAC3 activates MmuPV1 transcription in murine keratinocytes. These MmuPV1 E8^E2 mt genomes also fail to induce warts in mice. The phenotype of E8^E2 mt genomes in undifferentiated cells resembles productive PV replication in differentiated keratinocytes. Consistent with this, E8^E2 mt genomes induced aberrant E4 expression in undifferentiated keratinocytes. In line with observations for HPV, MmuPV1 E4-positive cells displayed a shift to the G2 phase of the cell cycle. In summary, we propose that in order to enable both expansion of infected cells and wart formation in vivo, MmuPV1 E8^E2 inhibits E4 protein expression in the basal keratinocytes that would otherwise undergo E4-mediated cell cycle arrest. IMPORTANCE Human papillomaviruses (PVs) initiate productive replication, which is characterized by genome amplification and expression of E4 protein strictly within suprabasal, differentiated keratinocytes. Mus musculus PV1 mutants that disrupt splicing of the E8^E2 transcript or abolish the interaction of E8^E2 with cellular NCoR/SMRT-HDAC3 co-repressor complexes display increased gene expression in tissue culture but are unable to form warts in vivo. This confirms that the repressor activity of E8^E2 is required for tumor formation and genetically defines a conserved E8 interaction domain. E8^E2 prevents expression of E4 protein in basal-like, undifferentiated keratinocytes and thereby their arrest in G2 phase. Since binding of E8^E2 to NCoR/SMRT-HDAC3 co-repressor is required to enable expansion of infected cells in the basal layer and wart formation in vivo, this interaction represents a novel, conserved, and potentially druggable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kuehner
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Margaret Wong
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elke Straub
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Iftner
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Richard B. S. Roden
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank Stubenrauch
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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21
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da Silva LL, Teles AM, Santos JMO, Souza de Andrade M, Medeiros R, Faustino-Rocha AI, Oliveira PA, dos Santos APA, Ferreira Lopes F, Braz G, Brito HO, da Costa RMG. Malignancy Associated with Low-Risk HPV6 and HPV11: A Systematic Review and Implications for Cancer Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4068. [PMID: 37627099 PMCID: PMC10452364 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is etiologically related to cervical cancer, other anogenital cancers and oropharyngeal carcinomas. Low-risk HPV, especially HPV6 and HPV11, cause genital warts and laryngeal papillomas. However, the accumulating data suggests that HPV6 and HPV11 may cause malignant lesions at non-cervical anatomic sites. This review aims to estimate the proportions of single and dual HPV6/11 infections in multiple cancers reported in the last 10 years in the Cochrane, Embasa and PubMed databases. Secondly, the genomes of HPV6/11 were compared with the most common high-risk genotype, HPV16, to determine the similarities and differences. A total of 11 articles were selected, including between one and 334 HPV+ cancer patients. The frequencies of single or dual HPV6/11 infections ranged between 0-5.5% for penile and 0-87.5% for laryngeal cancers and were null for vulvar, vaginal and oral cancers. The genomic similarities between HPV6/11 and HPV16 mainly involved the E7 gene, indicating a limited ability to block cell differentiation. The presence of single or dual HPV6/11 infections in variable proportions of penile and laryngeal cancers support the vaccination strategies that cover these genotypes, not only for preventing genital warts but also for cancer prevention. Other risk factors and co-carcinogens are likely to participate in epithelial carcinogenesis associated with low-risk HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Lima da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil (A.P.A.d.S.); (H.O.B.)
| | - Amanda Mara Teles
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil (A.P.A.d.S.); (H.O.B.)
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Health, State University of Maranhão, São Luís 65099-110, MA, Brazil
| | - Joana M. O. Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Souza de Andrade
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil (A.P.A.d.S.); (H.O.B.)
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Faustino-Rocha
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.I.F.-R.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.I.F.-R.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Azevedo dos Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil (A.P.A.d.S.); (H.O.B.)
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Lopes
- Post-Graduate Program in Odontology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil;
| | - Geraldo Braz
- Post-Graduate Program in Computing Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil;
| | - Haissa O. Brito
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil (A.P.A.d.S.); (H.O.B.)
| | - Rui M. Gil da Costa
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil (A.P.A.d.S.); (H.O.B.)
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.I.F.-R.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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22
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Silva AJD, de Moura IA, da Gama MATM, Leal LRS, de Pinho SS, Espinoza BCF, dos Santos DL, Santos VEP, Sena MGAMD, Invenção MDCV, de Macêdo LS, de França Neto PL, de Freitas AC. Advancing Immunotherapies for HPV-Related Cancers: Exploring Novel Vaccine Strategies and the Influence of Tumor Microenvironment. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1354. [PMID: 37631922 PMCID: PMC10458729 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the relationship between immunological responses and cancers, especially those related to HPV, has allowed for the study and development of therapeutic vaccines against these neoplasias. There is a growing number of studies about the composition and influence of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the progression or establishment of the most varied types of cancer. Hence, it has been possible to structure immunotherapy approaches based on therapeutic vaccines that are even more specific and directed to components of TME and the immune response associated with tumors. Among these components are dendritic cells (DCs), which are the main professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) already studied in therapy strategies for HPV-related cancers. On the other hand, tumor-associated macrophages are also potential targets since the profile present in tumor infiltrates, M1 or M2, influences the prognosis of some types of cancer. These two cell types can be targets for therapy or immunomodulation. In this context, our review aims to provide an overview of immunotherapy strategies for HPV-positive tumors, such as cervical and head and neck cancers, pointing to TME immune cells as promising targets for these approaches. This review also explores the potential of immunotherapy in cancer treatment, including checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine immunotherapies, immunotherapy vaccines, and cell therapies. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of understanding the TME and its effect on the design and achievement of immunotherapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (A.J.D.S.); (I.A.d.M.); (M.A.T.M.d.G.); (L.R.S.L.); (S.S.d.P.); (B.C.F.E.); (D.L.d.S.); (V.E.P.S.); (M.G.A.M.D.S.); (M.D.C.V.I.); (L.S.d.M.); (P.L.d.F.N.)
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23
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Williamson AL. Recent Developments in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccinology. Viruses 2023; 15:1440. [PMID: 37515128 PMCID: PMC10384715 DOI: 10.3390/v15071440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is causally associated with 5% of cancers, including cancers of the cervix, penis, vulva, vagina, anus and oropharynx. The most carcinogenic HPV is HPV-16, which dominates the types causing cancer. There is also sufficient evidence that HPV types 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59 cause cervical cancer. The L1 protein, which, when assembled into virus-like particles, induces HPV-type-specific neutralising antibodies, forms the basis of all commercial HPV vaccines. There are six licensed prophylactic HPV vaccines: three bivalent, two quadrivalent and one nonavalent vaccine. The bivalent vaccines protect from HPV types 16 and 18, which are associated with more than 70% of cervical cancers. Prophylactic vaccination targets children before sexual debut, but there are now catch-up campaigns, which have also been shown to be beneficial in reducing HPV infection and disease. HPV vaccination of adults after treatment for cervical lesions or recurrent respiratory papillomatosis has impacted recurrence. Gender-neutral vaccination will improve herd immunity and prevent infection in men and women. HPV vaccines are immunogenic in people living with HIV, but more research is needed on the long-term impact of vaccination and to determine whether further boosters are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lise Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine/SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre/Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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24
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Viscidi RP, Rowley T, Bossis I. Bioengineered Bovine Papillomavirus L1 Protein Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccines for Enhanced Induction of CD8 T Cell Responses through Cross-Priming. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9851. [PMID: 37372999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Safe and effective T cell vaccines are needed for the treatment or prevention of cancers as well as infectious agents where vaccines for neutralizing antibodies have performed poorly. Recent research highlights an important role for tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) in protective immunity and the role of a subset of dendritic cells that are capable of cross-priming for the induction of TRM cells. However, efficient vaccine technologies that operate through cross-priming and induce robust CD8+ T cell responses are lacking. We developed a platform technology by genetically engineering the bovine papillomavirus L1 major capsid protein to insert a polyglutamic acid/cysteine motif in place of wild-type amino acids in the HI loop. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are formed by self-assembly in insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus. Polyarginine/cysteine-tagged antigens are linked to the VLP by a reversible disulfide bond. The VLP possesses self-adjuvanting properties due to the immunostimulatory activity of papillomavirus VLPs. Polyionic VLP vaccines induce robust CD8+ T cell responses in peripheral blood and tumor tissues. A prostate cancer polyionic VLP vaccine was more efficacious than other vaccines and immunotherapies for the treatment of prostate cancer in a physiologically relevant murine model and successfully treated more advanced diseases than the less efficacious technologies. The immunogenicity of polyionic VLP vaccines is dependent on particle size, reversible linkage of the antigen to the VLP, and an interferon type 1 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)3/7-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael P Viscidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Treva Rowley
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ioannis Bossis
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agricultural Sciences, Forestry & Natural Resources, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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25
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Munday JS, Gedye K, Knox MA, Robinson L, Lin X. Genomic Characterization of Canis Familiaris Papillomavirus Type 25, a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with a Viral Plaque from the Pinna of a Dog. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1859. [PMID: 37889803 PMCID: PMC10251894 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A 14-year-old West Highland White terrier dog developed multiple raised plaques that were confined to the concave surface of the right pinna. Histology allowed a diagnosis of viral plaque, although the lesions contained some unusual microscopic features. A papillomaviral (PV) DNA sequence was amplified from the plaque using consensus PCR primers. The amplified sequence was used as a template to design 'outward facing' PCR primers, which allowed amplification of the complete PV DNA sequence. The sequence was 7778 bp and was predicted to code for five early genes and two late genes. The ORF L1 showed the highest (83.9%) similarity to CPV15, and phylogenetic analysis revealed the novel PV clustered with the species 3 ChiPVs. The novel PV was designated as canine papillomavirus (CPV) type 25. As CPV25 was not previously detected in a canine viral plaque, this PV type may be a rare cause of skin disease in dogs. However, as plaques that remain confined to the pinna were not previously reported in dogs, it is possible that CPV25 could be more common in plaques from this area of skin. The findings from this case expand the number of PV types that cause disease in dogs. Evidence from this case suggests that, compared to the other canine ChiPV types, infection by CPV25 results in viral plaques in atypical locations with unusual histological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Munday
- Pathobiology School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kristene Gedye
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (K.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Matthew A. Knox
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (K.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | | | - Xiaoxiao Lin
- Massey Genome Service, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
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26
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Laine HK, Waterboer T, Syrjänen K, Grenman S, Louvanto K, Syrjänen S. Human polyomavirus BKPyV and JCPyV serostatus has no impact on women´s human papillomavirus infection outcome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1190019. [PMID: 37333846 PMCID: PMC10272380 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1190019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polyomaviruses have both structural and functional similarities with papillomaviruses. Accordingly, their role in human papillomavirus (HPV) associated malignancies has been studied with conflicting results. Our goal was to disclose any association between BK (BKPyV) and/or JC (JCPyV) polyomavirus serology and HPV data derived from Finnish women (327) in a 6-year prospective follow-up. Methods Glutathione S-transferase fusion-protein-capture (ELISA) in combination with fluorescent bead technology was used to analyze antibodies to BKPyV and JCPyV. In the longitudinal setting, BKPyV or JCPyV serostatus was related to i) oral- and ii) genital low (LR)- and high risk (HR) HPV DNA detection, iii) HPV16 persistence at both these sites, iv) results of the Pap (Papanicolaou) smear taken at baseline, and v) development of incident CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) during the follow-up. Results Being BKPyV or JCPyV seropositive was not significantly associated with HPV seropositivity to either LR- or HR-genotypes, genital- or oral HPV DNA positivity, persistence of genital- or oral HPV16 infection, grade of Pap smear, or development of incident CIN. Discussion Thus, the present study could not provide any confirmation to the concept that co-infections by HPyV and HPV have interactions that impact on the clinical manifestations or outcomes of HPV infections either in the genital tract or in the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K. Laine
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Seija Grenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Karolina Louvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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27
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Guimarães EL, Chissaque A, Pecenka C, Debellut F, Schuind A, Vaz B, Banze A, Rangeiro R, Mariano A, Lorenzoni C, Carrilho C, Martins MDRO, de Deus N, Clark A. Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Human Papillomavirus Vaccines for Preadolescent Girls in Mozambique: A Modelling Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1058. [PMID: 37376447 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mozambique has one of the highest rates of cervical cancer in the world. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was introduced in 2021. This study evaluated the health and economic impact of the current HPV vaccine (GARDASIL® hereafter referred to as GARDASIL-4) and two other vaccines (CECOLIN® and CERVARIX®) that could be used in the future. A static cohort model was used to estimate the costs and benefits of vaccinating girls in Mozambique over the period 2022-2031. The primary outcome measure was the incremental cost per disability-adjusted life-year averted from a government perspective. We conducted deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Without cross-protection, all three vaccines averted approximately 54% cervical cancer cases and deaths. With cross-protection, CERVARIX averted 70% of cases and deaths. Without Gavi support, the discounted vaccine program costs ranged from 60 million to 81 million USD. Vaccine program costs were approximately 37 million USD for all vaccines with Gavi support. Without cross-protection, CECOLIN was dominant, being cost-effective with or without Gavi support. With cross-protection and Gavi support, CERVARIX was dominant and cost-saving. With cross-protection and no Gavi support, CECOLIN had the most favorable cost-effectiveness ratio. Conclusions: At a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold set at 35% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, HPV vaccination is cost-effective in Mozambique. The optimal vaccine choice depends on cross-protection assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperança Lourenço Guimarães
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene District, EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela N° 3943, Maputo 1120, Mozambique
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Junqueira Street 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Assucênio Chissaque
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene District, EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela N° 3943, Maputo 1120, Mozambique
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Junqueira Street 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clint Pecenka
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Frédéric Debellut
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Schuind
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | | | | | - Ricardina Rangeiro
- National Cancer Control Program, Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo 1101, Mozambique
| | - Arlete Mariano
- National Cancer Control Program, Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo 1101, Mozambique
| | - Cesaltina Lorenzoni
- National Cancer Control Program, Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo 1101, Mozambique
| | - Carla Carrilho
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 3453, Mozambique
| | - Maria do Rosário Oliveira Martins
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Junqueira Street 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nilsa de Deus
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene District, EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela N° 3943, Maputo 1120, Mozambique
| | - Andrew Clark
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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28
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Mac M, DeVico BM, Raspanti SM, Moody CA. The SETD2 Methyltransferase Supports Productive HPV31 Replication through the LEDGF/CtIP/Rad51 Pathway. J Virol 2023; 97:e0020123. [PMID: 37154769 PMCID: PMC10231177 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00201-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle takes place in the stratified epithelium, with the productive phase being activated by epithelial differentiation. The HPV genome is histone-associated, and the life cycle is epigenetically regulated, in part, by histone tail modifications that facilitate the recruitment of DNA repair factors that are required for viral replication. We previously showed that the SETD2 methyltransferase facilitates the productive replication of HPV31 through the trimethylation of H3K36 on viral chromatin. SETD2 regulates numerous cellular processes, including DNA repair via homologous recombination (HR) and alternative splicing, through the recruitment of various effectors to histone H3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3). We previously demonstrated that the HR factor Rad51 is recruited to HPV31 genomes and is required for productive replication; however, the mechanism of Rad51 recruitment has not been defined. SET domain containing 2 (SETD2) promotes the HR repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in actively transcribed genes through the recruitment of carboxy-terminal binding protein (CtBP)-interacting protein (CtIP) to lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)-bound H3K36me3, which promotes DNA end resection and thereby allows for the recruitment of Rad51 to damaged sites. In this study, we found that reducing H3K36me3 through the depletion of SETD2 or the overexpression of an H3.3K36M mutant leads to an increase in γH2AX, which is a marker of damage, on viral DNA upon epithelial differentiation. This is coincident with decreased Rad51 binding. Additionally, LEDGF and CtIP are bound to HPV DNA in a SETD2-dependent and H3K36me3-dependent manner, and they are required for productive replication. Furthermore, CtIP depletion increases DNA damage on viral DNA and blocks Rad51 recruitment upon differentiation. Overall, these studies indicate that H3K36me3 enrichment on transcriptionally active viral genes promotes the rapid repair of viral DNA upon differentiation through the LEDGF-CtIP-Rad51 axis. IMPORTANCE The productive phase of the HPV life cycle is restricted to the differentiating cells of the stratified epithelium. The HPV genome is histone-associated and subject to epigenetic regulation, though the manner in which epigenetic modifications contribute to productive replication is largely undefined. In this study, we demonstrate that SETD2-mediated H3K36me3 on HPV31 chromatin promotes productive replication through the repair of damaged DNA. We show that SETD2 facilitates the recruitment of the homologous recombination repair factors CtIP and Rad51 to viral DNA through LEDGF binding to H3K36me3. CtIP is recruited to damaged viral DNA upon differentiation, and, in turn, recruits Rad51. This likely occurs through the end resection of double-strand breaks. SETD2 trimethylates H3K36me3 during transcription, and active transcription is necessary for Rad51 recruitment to viral DNA. We propose that the enrichment of SETD2-mediated H3K36me3 on transcriptionally active viral genes upon differentiation facilitates the repair of damaged viral DNA during the productive phase of the viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Mac
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brianna M. DeVico
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sophia M. Raspanti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cary A. Moody
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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29
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Altamura G, Borzacchiello G. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma and Felis catus papillomavirus: is it time to walk the path of human oncology? Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1148673. [PMID: 37266382 PMCID: PMC10229798 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1148673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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30
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Medeiros-Fonseca B, Faustino-Rocha AI, Medeiros R, Oliveira PA, Gil da Costa RM. Canine and feline papillomaviruses: an update. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1174673. [PMID: 37261110 PMCID: PMC10229045 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1174673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are small viruses able to cause disease not only in mammalians, but also in birds and reptiles. In recent years, a rising number of papillomaviruses have been identified in dogs and cats, totaling 24 canine papillomavirus (CPV) and six feline papillomavirus (FcaPV). The canine and feline papillomaviruses (CPVs and FcaPVs, respectively) are responsible for multiple lesions in these domestic species but the potential pathological relevance of some recently identified types remains to be determined. CPVs are associated with oral papillomatosis, cutaneous papillomas and viral pigmented plaques, and have been rarely associated with the development of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in their canine hosts. FcaPVs are associated with oral papillomas, viral plaques, and Bowenoid in situ carcinomas. The present review provides readers with the more recent advances on dog and cat papillomavirus research, bringing an update on this field to both veterinary practitioners and the virology community at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Medeiros-Fonseca
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Health Research Network (RISE)@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Faustino-Rocha
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Évora, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Health Research Network (RISE)@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, FP-ENAS, FP-BHS, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui M. Gil da Costa
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Health Research Network (RISE)@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), UFMA University Hospital (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil
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Quelet S, Valadeau C, Héron-Rougier C, Pariente A, Gault G, Elleboode B. The ongoing structuring of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in middle schools in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. Infect Dis Now 2023; 53:104717. [PMID: 37149037 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2023.104717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT As is the case throughout France, vaccination coverage against human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region is too low to limit viral circulation and to have an impact on the incidence of virus-induced pathologies. Intervention methodology: The Nouvelle-Aquitaine Regional Health Agency (ARS) has decided to set up a large-scale vaccination action in the 7th-grade classes of all 643 Nouvelle-Aquitaine middle schools during the 2023-2024 school year. This public health intervention targeting 11-to-13-year-olds shall bring together national education, health Insurance, the regional center for pharmaco-vigilance, and private health professionals. A call for applications (January 2023) led to the recruitment of vaccination centers tasked with the deployment of mobile teams. A tool for dematerialization of parental authorization was devised. A communication agency was recruited (March 2023) to set up targeted social marketing actions and increase the rate of adherence. EXPECTED RESULTS Close to 25% of parents are likely to respond favorably to the vaccination offer. The project should help not only to increase vaccination coverage of adolescents through intervention in middle schools, but also have an impact on the demand for vaccination among city-based healthcare professionals. CONCLUSION Increased vaccination coverage should ultimately reduce the incidence of HPV-induced pathologies. A catch-up campaign could be carried out in high schools from the 2027/2028 school year.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celine Valadeau
- Observatoire du médicament, des dispositifs médicaux et de l'innovation thérapeutique Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Guadeloupe, Guyane
| | | | - Antoine Pariente
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Team AHeaD, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Centre de Pharmacovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Schaefer EAF, Chu S, Wylie KM, Wylie TN, Griffith OL, Pearce JW, Johnson GC, Bryan JN, Flesner BK. Metagenomic Analysis of DNA Viruses with Targeted Sequence Capture of Canine Lobular Orbital Adenomas and Normal Conjunctiva. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1163. [PMID: 37317137 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aims are: (1) to evaluate phenotypically normal canine conjunctival and orbital tissue and tissue from canine lobular orbital adenomas (CLOAs) for the presence of viral genomic material and (2) phylogenetically classify detected DNA viruses to determine if a DNA virus is associated with CLOAs. A total of 31 formalin fixed paraffin embedded CLOA tissue samples, 4 papillomas or sarcoid, and 10 fresh clinically normal conjunctival tissues were included in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from all samples and sequencing libraries were prepared. The libraries were molecularly indexed and pooled and viral DNA was enriched via targeted sequence capture utilizing ViroCap. The libraries were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform and compared to known viral DNA reference genomes to identify viral DNA. Carnivore parvovirus was identified in 6.4% and 20% of CLOA tissue and normal conjunctival samples, respectively. This study showed that conjunctival tissue from healthy dogs and CLOAs uncommonly harbor DNA viruses, and no DNA virus was associated with these tumors. Further studies are needed to evaluate the etiologic cause of CLOAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A F Schaefer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Shirley Chu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kristine M Wylie
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Todd N Wylie
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Obi L Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jacqueline W Pearce
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gayle C Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Brian K Flesner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Cosper PF, Hrycyniak LCF, Paracha M, Lee DL, Wan J, Jones K, Bice SA, Nickel K, Mallick S, Taylor AM, Kimple RJ, Lambert PF, Weaver BA. HPV16 E6 induces chromosomal instability due to polar chromosomes caused by E6AP-dependent degradation of the mitotic kinesin CENP-E. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216700120. [PMID: 36989302 PMCID: PMC10083562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation during mitosis is highly regulated to ensure production of genetically identical progeny. Recurrent mitotic errors cause chromosomal instability (CIN), a hallmark of tumors. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes cervical, anal, and head and neck cancers (HNC), cause mitotic defects consistent with CIN in models of anogenital cancers, but this has not been studied in the context of HNC. Here, we show that HPV16 induces a specific type of CIN in patient HNC tumors, patient-derived xenografts, and cell lines, which is due to defects in chromosome congression. These defects are specifically induced by the HPV16 oncogene E6 rather than E7. We show that HPV16 E6 expression causes degradation of the mitotic kinesin CENP-E, whose depletion produces chromosomes that are chronically misaligned near spindle poles (polar chromosomes) and fail to congress. Though the canonical oncogenic role of E6 is the degradation of the tumor suppressor p53, CENP-E degradation and polar chromosomes occur independently of p53. Instead, E6 directs CENP-E degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner via the E6-associated ubiquitin protein ligase E6AP/UBE3A. This study reveals a mechanism by which HPV induces CIN, which may impact HPV-mediated tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pippa F. Cosper
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Laura C. F. Hrycyniak
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Maha Paracha
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Denis L. Lee
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Jun Wan
- Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Kathryn Jones
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Sophie A. Bice
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
| | - Kwangok Nickel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Samyukta Mallick
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Alison M. Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Randall J. Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Beth A. Weaver
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
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Starrett GJ, Yu K, Golubeva Y, Lenz P, Piaskowski ML, Petersen D, Dean M, Israni A, Hernandez BY, Tucker TC, Cheng I, Gonsalves L, Morris CR, Hussain SK, Lynch CF, Harris RS, Prokunina-Olsson L, Meltzer PS, Buck CB, Engels EA. Evidence for virus-mediated oncogenesis in bladder cancers arising in solid organ transplant recipients. eLife 2023; 12:e82690. [PMID: 36961501 PMCID: PMC10446826 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A small percentage of bladder cancers in the general population have been found to harbor DNA viruses. In contrast, up to 25% of tumors of solid organ transplant recipients, who are at an increased risk of developing bladder cancer and have an overall poorer outcomes, harbor BK polyomavirus (BKPyV). To better understand the biology of the tumors and the mechanisms of carcinogenesis from potential oncoviruses, we performed whole genome and transcriptome sequencing on bladder cancer specimens from 43 transplant patients. Nearly half of the tumors from this patient population contained viral sequences. The most common were from BKPyV (N=9, 21%), JC polyomavirus (N=7, 16%), carcinogenic human papillomaviruses (N=3, 7%), and torque teno viruses (N=5, 12%). Immunohistochemistry revealed variable Large T antigen expression in BKPyV-positive tumors ranging from 100% positive staining of tumor tissue to less than 1%. In most cases of BKPyV-positive tumors, the viral genome appeared to be clonally integrated into the host chromosome consistent with microhomology-mediated end joining and coincided with focal amplifications of the tumor genome similar to other virus-mediated cancers. Significant changes in host gene expression consistent with the functions of BKPyV Large T antigen were also observed in these tumors. Lastly, we identified four mutation signatures in our cases, with those attributable to APOBEC3 and SBS5 being the most abundant. Mutation signatures associated with an antiviral drug, ganciclovir, and aristolochic acid, a nephrotoxic compound found in some herbal medicines, were also observed. The results suggest multiple pathways to carcinogenesis in solid organ transplant recipients with a large fraction being virus-associated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Yu
- DCEG, NCI, NIHRockvilleUnited States
| | | | - Petra Lenz
- Leidos Biomedical Research IncFrederickUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Ajay Israni
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Hennepin Healthcare System, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | | | - Thomas C Tucker
- The Kentucky Cancer Registry, University of KentuckyLexingtonUnited States
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San FranciscoFremontUnited States
| | - Lou Gonsalves
- Connecticut Tumor Registry, Connecticut Department of Public HealthHartfordUnited States
| | - Cyllene R Morris
- California Cancer Reporting and Epidemiologic Surveillance Program, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Shehnaz K Hussain
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Charles F Lynch
- The Iowa Cancer Registry, University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Reuben S Harris
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
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Wang W, Spurgeon ME, Pope A, McGregor S, Ward-Shaw E, Gronski E, Lambert PF. Stress keratin 17 and estrogen support viral persistence and modulate the immune environment during cervicovaginal murine papillomavirus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214225120. [PMID: 36917668 PMCID: PMC10041145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214225120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A murine papillomavirus, MmuPV1, infects both cutaneous and mucosal epithelia of laboratory mice and can be used to model high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-associated disease. We have shown that estrogen exacerbates papillomavirus-induced cervical disease in HPV-transgenic mice. We have also previously identified stress keratin 17 (K17) as a host factor that supports MmuPV1-induced cutaneous disease. Here, we sought to test the role of estrogen and K17 in MmuPV1 infection and associated disease in the female reproductive tract. We experimentally infected wild-type and K17 knockout (K17KO) mice with MmuPV1 in the female reproductive tract in the presence or absence of exogenous estrogen for 6 mon. We observed that a significantly higher percentage of K17KO mice cleared the virus as opposed to wild-type mice. In estrogen-treated wild-type mice, the MmuPV1 viral copy number was significantly higher compared to untreated mice by as early as 2 wk postinfection, suggesting that estrogen may help facilitate MmuPV1 infection and/or establishment. Consistent with this, viral clearance was not observed in either wild-type or K17KO mice when treated with estrogen. Furthermore, neoplastic disease progression and cervical carcinogenesis were supported by the presence of K17 and exacerbated by estrogen treatment. Subsequent analyses indicated that estrogen treatment induces a systemic immunosuppressive state in MmuPV1-infected animals and that both estrogen and K17 modulate the local intratumoral immune microenvironment within MmuPV1-induced neoplastic lesions. Collectively, these findings suggest that estrogen and K17 act at multiple stages of papillomavirus-induced disease at least in part via immunomodulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Megan E. Spurgeon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Ali Pope
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Stephanie McGregor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Ella Ward-Shaw
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Ellery Gronski
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
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Munday JS, Grant K, Orbell G, Vaatstra BL. Cutaneous plaques associated with a putative novel papillomavirus type in a horse. N Z Vet J 2023; 71:100-105. [PMID: 36484093 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2022.2157347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS A 6-year-old Thoroughbred mare developed multiple flat plaques, < 1 cm in diameter, on the left front fetlock. These were treated topically using 5-fluorouracil and resolved after 4 weeks. However, additional similar plaques developed on the left front pastern 5 months later. These lesions resolved within 3 months without treatment. PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS One plaque that developed initially and one plaque that developed later were examined histologically. Both consisted of well-demarcated foci of moderate epidermal hyperplasia. Scattered throughout both plaques were cells showing evidence of papillomavirus-induced cell changes and the same papillomaviral DNA sequence was amplified from both lesions using PCR. As the novel sequence had 79.1% similarity to a partial sequence previously amplified from an equine cutaneous wart and 67.9% similarity to Equus caballus papillomavirus type 1, these results indicate detection of a putative novel papillomavirus type. DIAGNOSIS Multiple cutaneous plaques due to infection by a novel papillomavirus type. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Unlike more typical equine cutaneous warts which generally appear as pedunculated and filiform masses, the lesions in this horse appeared as raised plaques. With the exception of aural plaques that are confined to the ears, localised clusters of papillomaviral plaques have not been previously described in horses. The lesions contained subtle histological evidence of papillomavirus infection and careful examination is required to differentiate these plaques from pre-neoplastic lesions. The plaques contained a putative novel papillomavirus type. These results increase the spectrum of papillomavirus-induced skin disease in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Munday
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K Grant
- South Wairarapa Veterinary Services, Carterton, New Zealand
| | - G Orbell
- Gribbles Veterinary Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - B L Vaatstra
- Gribbles Veterinary Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Río-Bergé C, Cong Y, Reggiori F. Getting on the right track: Interactions between viruses and the cytoskeletal motor proteins. Traffic 2023; 24:114-130. [PMID: 35146839 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is an essential component of the cell and it is involved in multiple physiological functions, including intracellular organization and transport. It is composed of three main families of proteinaceous filaments; microtubules, actin filaments and intermediate filaments and their accessory proteins. Motor proteins, which comprise the dynein, kinesin and myosin superfamilies, are a remarkable group of accessory proteins that mainly mediate the intracellular transport of cargoes along with the cytoskeleton. Like other cellular structures and pathways, viruses can exploit the cytoskeleton to promote different steps of their life cycle through associations with motor proteins. The complexity of the cytoskeleton and the differences among viruses, however, has led to a wide diversity of interactions, which in most cases remain poorly understood. Unveiling the details of these interactions is necessary not only for a better comprehension of specific infections, but may also reveal new potential drug targets to fight dreadful diseases such as rabies disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this review, we describe a few examples of the mechanisms that some human viruses, that is, rabies virus, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, influenza A virus and papillomavirus, have developed to hijack dyneins, kinesins and myosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Río-Bergé
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Molecular Cell Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yingying Cong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Molecular Cell Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Molecular Cell Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Gunning A, Kumar S, Williams CK, Berger BM, Naber SP, Gupta PB, Del Vecchio Fitz C, Kuperwasser C. Analytical Validation of NavDx, a cfDNA-Based Fragmentomic Profiling Assay for HPV-Driven Cancers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040725. [PMID: 36832208 PMCID: PMC9955790 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The NavDx® blood test analyzes tumor tissue modified viral (TTMV)-HPV DNA to provide a reliable means of detecting and monitoring HPV-driven cancers. The test has been clinically validated in a large number of independent studies and has been integrated into clinical practice by over 1000 healthcare providers at over 400 medical sites in the US. This Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA), high complexity laboratory developed test, has also been accredited by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the New York State Department of Health. Here, we report a detailed analytical validation of the NavDx assay, including sample stability, specificity as measured by limits of blank (LOBs), and sensitivity illustrated via limits of detection and quantitation (LODs and LOQs). LOBs were 0-0.32 copies/μL, LODs were 0-1.10 copies/μL, and LOQs were <1.20-4.11 copies/μL, demonstrating the high sensitivity and specificity of data provided by NavDx. In-depth evaluations including accuracy and intra- and inter-assay precision studies were shown to be well within acceptable ranges. Regression analysis revealed a high degree of correlation between expected and effective concentrations, demonstrating excellent linearity (R2 = 1) across a broad range of analyte concentrations. These results demonstrate that NavDx accurately and reproducibly detects circulating TTMV-HPV DNA, which has been shown to aid in the diagnosis and surveillance of HPV-driven cancers.
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Baliga S, Mitchell D, Yildiz VO, Gogineni E, Konieczkowski DJ, Grecula J, Blakaj DM, Liu X, Gamez ME. Disparities in survival outcomes among Black patients with HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28448. [PMID: 36583477 PMCID: PMC10107101 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patients with human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-OPSCC) have a favorable prognosis and excellent overall survival (OS), and studies have demonstrated these findings in cohorts of predominantly White patients. Racial/ethnic (R/E) minorities, particularly Black patients, with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have worse survival outcomes compared with White patients. In this study, we aimed to determine if Black patients with HPV-OPSCC have a similar favorable prognosis to the White population. This was a population-based retrospective cohort study that analyzed HNSCC patients using the National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2016. We identified patients with Stage I-IV HPV- OPSCC who were treated with radiation, surgery, chemotherapy, or a combination of modalities. Patient outcomes were stratified by R/E groups including White Versus Black patients. The main outcome in this study was OS. Analyses for proportions of categorical variables were performed using a χ2 or Fisher's exact test. Univariate and multivariate time-to-event survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier product limit estimates and log-rank test to test the differences between strata. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between covariates and risk of death (OS). We identified 9256 OPSCC patients who met inclusion criteria and were treated between 2010 and 2016, of which 7912 were White (85.5%) and 1344 were Black (14.5%). A total of 1727 were HPV-OPSCC, of which 1598 were White (92.5%) and 129 (7.5%) were Black. By race, the 5-year OS for White versus Black OPSCC patients was 42% versus 23%, respectively (log-rank, p < 0.0001). Among HPV-positive OPSCC patients, the 5-year OS for White versus Black patients was 65% versus 39% (log-rank, p < 0.0001). Among HPV-negative patients, the 5-year OS for White versus Black patients was 36% versus 13% (log-rank, p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, after accounting for age, sex, insurance status, income, Charlson-Deyo score, receipt of surgery, distance from facility, and total treatment time, Black race trended toward, but was not associated with worse survival. Hazard ratio (HR:1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-1.81, p = 0.255). This national cohort study of OPSCC patients demonstrates that Black patients with HPV-OPSCC have a poor prognosis and OS similar to HPV-negative White patients. This may be partly due to socioeconomic barriers such as insurance and income. Further work is needed to better understand the specific drivers of inferior survival outcomes in this specific patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Baliga
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Darrion Mitchell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vedat O Yildiz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emile Gogineni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David J Konieczkowski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John Grecula
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dukagjin M Blakaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mauricio E Gamez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Ito S, Chambers JK, Sumi A, Omachi T, Haritani M, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Genomic integration and expression of Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 oncogenes in feline Merkel cell carcinoma. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:21-34. [PMID: 36384374 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221139197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 (FcaPV2) in feline Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) has been previously hypothesized. In this study, the expression and localization of FcaPV2 oncogene mRNA, the integration of FcaPV2 genes, and p53 mutations in feline MCC were examined by RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH), whole genome sequencing (WGS), and Sanger DNA sequencing, respectively. Furthermore, the morphological and molecular characteristics of FcaPV2-positive (FMX-MCC01) and FcaPV2-negative (AS-MCC01) MCC cell lines were compared in vitro and in vivo using immunofluorescence, ISH, xenotransplantation into mice, and immunohistochemistry. ISH for FcaPV2 E6/E7 detected viral RNA in 18/21 FcaPV2-positive MCC and not in 1/1 FcaPV2-negative MCC. WGS of 2 FcaPV2-positive cases revealed the integration of FcaPV2 genes in both cases. In cultured cells and xenograft tissues of FMX-MCC01, most cells were positive for E6/E7 by ISH and p16CDKN2A, a few cells were positive for the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), and all cells were negative for p53. In cultured cells and xenograft tissues of AS-MCC01, all cells were negative for p16CDKN2A, most cells were positive for pRb, and some cells were positive for p53. Missense mutations in p53 were identified in 8/10 FcaPV2-positive and 1/1 FcaPV2-negative MCC. These results suggest that the expression of integrated FcaPV2 oncogenes might be associated with reduced expression of the tumor suppressor proteins pRb and p53 and might contribute to the development of feline MCC. On the other hand, p53 mutations may be involved in both FcaPV2-positive and FcaPV2-negative MCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Ito
- The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ayumi Sumi
- The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Nouel J, White EA. ZER1 Contributes to the Carcinogenic Activity of High-Risk HPV E7 Proteins. mBio 2022; 13:e0203322. [PMID: 36346242 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02033-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 proteins bind to host cell proteins to facilitate virus replication. Interactions between HPV E7 and host cell proteins can also drive cancer progression. We hypothesize that HPV E7-host protein interactions specific for high-risk E7 contribute to the carcinogenic activity of high-risk HPV. The cellular protein ZER1 interacts with the E7 protein from HPV16, the genotype most frequently associated with human cancers. The HPV16 E7-ZER1 interaction is unique among HPV E7 tested to date. Other E7 proteins, even from closely related HPV genotypes, do not bind ZER1, which is a substrate specificity factor for a CUL2-RING ubiquitin ligase. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of ZER1 to the carcinogenic activity of HPV16 E7. First, we mapped the ZER1 binding site to specific residues on the C terminus of HPV16 E7. We showed that the mutant HPV16 E7 that cannot bind ZER1 is impaired in the ability to promote the growth of primary keratinocytes. We found that ZER1 and CUL2 contribute to, but are not required for, HPV16 E7 to degrade RB1. Cancer dependency data show that ZER1 is an essential gene in most HPV-positive, but not HPV-negative, cancer cell lines. Depleting ZER1 impaired the growth of primary keratinocytes expressing HPV16 E7 or HPV18 E7 and of HPV16-and HPV18-positive cervical cancer cell lines. Taken together, our work demonstrates that ZER1 contributes to HPV-mediated carcinogenesis and is essential for the growth of HPV-positive cells. IMPORTANCE HPV16 is highly carcinogenic and is the most predominant HPV genotype associated with human cancers. The mechanisms that underlie differences between high-risk HPV genotypes are currently unknown, but many of these differences are likely attributable to the activities of the oncogenic HPV proteins, including E7. The HPV E7 oncoprotein is essential for HPV-mediated carcinogenesis. A large number of HPV E7 targets have been identified. However, it is unclear which of these many interactions contributes to the carcinogenic activity of HPV E7. Here, we characterized the interaction between HPV16 E7 and the host cell protein ZER1, testing whether this genotype-specific interaction could enable some of the carcinogenic activity of HPV16 E7. We found that ZER1 binding contributes to the growth-promoting activity of HPV16 E7 and to the growth of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. We propose that ZER1 makes an important contribution to HPV-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Calame A. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Masquerading as a Verruca: Case Report and Literature Review of Coexisting Wart and Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma on the Hand. Cureus 2022; 14:e32408. [PMID: 36636549 PMCID: PMC9831616 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A verruca is a human papillomavirus-associated infection of the mucosal or cutaneous epithelium. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is an invasive skin cancer that commonly occurs on sun-exposed locations. Human papillomavirus infection has also been demonstrated to be a cocarcinogen, along with ultraviolet radiation, in the pathogenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. A 63-year-old man presented with a verrucous nodule of nine months duration on his dorsal left hand. The clinical differential diagnosis included a wart and a small punch biopsy of the lesion showed a verruca. The lesion continued to enlarge and the possibility of a squamous cell carcinoma was considered. A second larger shave biopsy of the residual lesion was performed and the microscopic evaluation revealed not only a benign verruca at the lateral portion of the nodule but also an invasive squamous cell carcinoma in the center of the lesion. We hypothesize that the patient's human papillomavirus-associated wart may have contributed to the development of his cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, in an individual with a clinically suspected or biopsy-confirmed wart that persists despite lesion-directed treatment, additional evaluation of the lesion should be considered to assess whether an alternative or concurrent tumor, such as a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, is present.
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Munday JS, Hunt H, Orbell G, Pfeffer H. Detection of a Novel Papillomavirus Type within a Feline Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120671. [PMID: 36548831 PMCID: PMC9783550 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4 cm diameter exophytic mass was excised from the left flank of a 10-year-old domestic short-haired cat. Histology of the superficial aspects of the mass revealed epidermal cells arranged in nests and trabeculae while the deeper parts of the mass consisted of small round cells arranged in sheets or bundles of elongate spindle-shaped cells. A diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was made. Approximately 40% of the cells throughout the neoplasm contained prominent papillomaviral (PV)-induced cell changes. The BCC recurred three months after excision and grew rapidly. At this time a smaller mass was observed on the thorax. Due to the rapid recurrence of the BCC, the cat was euthanatized. As in the initial mass, histology of the recurrent mass revealed pleomorphic cells that often contained PV-induced cell changes. In contrast, the thoracic mass appeared as a more typical BCC and contained no histological evidence of PV infection. A novel PV DNA sequence was amplified from the flank BCC. While the sequence was most (75.1%) similar to Felis catus papillomavirus (FcaPV) 6, the level of similarity between the sequences is consistent with a novel PV type. No PV DNA was amplifiable from the thoracic mass. The case is unique due to the histological features of the BCC and the presence of a putative novel PV type. Observations from the present case add to the number of PV types associated with disease in cats as well as increasing the spectrum of PV-induced lesions in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Munday
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-6-356-9099; Fax: +64-6-350-5714
| | - Hayley Hunt
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Geoff Orbell
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology Ltd., Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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de Moura IA, Silva AJD, de Macêdo LS, Invenção MDCV, de Sousa MMG, de Freitas AC. Enhancing the Effect of Nucleic Acid Vaccines in the Treatment of HPV-Related Cancers: An Overview of Delivery Systems. Pathogens 2022; 11. [PMID: 36558778 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) have proven efficacy in those who have not been infected by the virus. However, they do not benefit patients with established tumors. Therefore, the development of therapeutic options for HPV-related malignancies is critical. Third-generation vaccines based on nucleic acids are fast and simple approaches to eliciting adaptive immune responses. However, techniques to boost immunogenicity, reduce degradation, and facilitate their capture by immune cells are frequently required. One option to overcome this constraint is to employ delivery systems that allow selective antigen absorption and help modulate the immune response. This review aimed to discuss the influence of these different systems on the response generated by nucleic acid vaccines. The results indicate that delivery systems based on lipids, polymers, and microorganisms such as yeasts can be used to ensure the stability and transport of nucleic acid vaccines to their respective protein synthesis compartments. Thus, in view of the limitations of nucleic acid-based vaccines, it is important to consider the type of delivery system to be used-due to its impact on the immune response and desired final effect.
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Zhou D, Wang A, Maxwell S, Schlegel R, Yuan H. Long-Term Culture of Canine Ocular Cells That Maintain Canine Papillomaviruses. Viruses 2022; 14. [PMID: 36560679 DOI: 10.3390/v14122675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine ocular papillomas occur on the haired skin of eyelids, conjunctival epithelium, and rarely on the cornea. Using PCR typing assays with canine papillomavirus type-specific primer sets, our study confirmed that the papillomas contained canine papillomavirus type 1. The positive result from a rolling circle amplification assay indicated the CPV1 viral genome in the cells is a circular episomal form. We also successfully established the first canine corneal cell line using the conditional reprogramming method. The cells exhibited an epithelial cell morphology, grew rapidly in vitro, and could be maintained long term. For the continued growth of the canine corneal cells, feeder cells played a more important role than Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632. More importantly, the viral CPV1 genome was maintained in the canine corneal cells during the long-term expansion. Unlimited supplies of these cells provide as a model for the study CPV in dog cells, and a platform for drug screening for effective therapies against canine papillomavirus infection in the future.
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Osorio JC, Candia-Escobar F, Corvalán AH, Calaf GM, Aguayo F. High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Perspectives. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36552201 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a very prevalent and heterogeneous group of malignancies, and most of them are etiologically associated with tobacco smoking. However, viral infections have been detected in lung carcinomas, with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) being among them. The role of HR-HPVs in lung cancer has been considered to be controversial. This issue is due to the highly variable presence of this virus in lung carcinomas worldwide, and the low viral load frequently that is detected. In this review, we address the epidemiological and mechanistic findings regarding the role of HR-HPVs in lung cancer. Some mechanisms of HR-HPV-mediated lung carcinogenesis have been proposed, including (i) HPV works as an independent carcinogen in non-smoker subjects; (ii) HPV cooperates with carcinogenic compounds present in tobacco smoke; (iii) HPV promotes initial alterations being after cleared by the immune system through a "hit and run" mechanism. Additional research is warranted to clarify the role of HPV in lung cancer.
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Munday JS, Gedye K, Knox MA, Ravens P, Lin X. Genomic Characterisation of Canis Familiaris Papillomavirus Type 24, a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with Extensive Pigmented Plaque Formation in a Pug Dog. Viruses 2022; 14. [PMID: 36366455 DOI: 10.3390/v14112357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous large dark plaques developed over the ventrum, legs and head of a 9-year-old pug dog over a 4-year-period. Histology confirmed a diagnosis of viral pigmented plaque and a short section of a novel papillomavirus (PV) type was amplified using consensus PCR primers. Taking advantage of the circular nature of PV DNA, 'outward facing' PCR primers allowed amplification of the full sequence. As this is the 24th PV known to infect dogs, the novel PV was designated canine papillomavirus (CPV) type 24. The CPV24 genome contained putative coding regions for 5 early proteins and 2 late ones. The CPV24 open reading frame L1 showed the highest (78.2%) similarity to CPV4 and phylogenetic analysis showed that CPV24 clustered with CPV4 and CPV16 suggesting CPV24 is the third species 2 Chipapillomavirus type identified in dogs. This is the third report of extensive pigmented plaques covering a high proportion of the skin. Both previous cases were caused CPV4 and, considering the high genetic similarity between CPV4 and CP24, infection by these CPV types may predispose to more severe clinical disease. In addition, as plaques caused by CPV16 appear more likely to progress to neoplasia, the detection of a species 2 Chipapillomavirus within a pigmented plaque may indicate the potential for more severe disease.
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Sequeira I, Pires MDA, Leitão J, Henriques J, Viegas C, Requicha J. Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Critical Review of Etiologic Factors. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100558. [PMID: 36288171 PMCID: PMC9609408 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is the most common oral neoplasia in cats. This malignant tumor is locally invasive, has a high mortality rate, and its etiology is not yet known. A critical review about the potential etiologic factors of FOSCC was performed, considering publications between 2000 and 2022. The initial search resulted in 553 publications, with only 26 of these being included in the review. Sixteen studies were related to viral etiology and nine related to environmental factors such as exposure to tobacco smoke, ectoparasitic products, and the presence of oral comorbidities. When evaluated, feline papillomavirus was detected in 16.2% of samples of FOSCC. In the three studies focused on exposure to tobacco smoke, 35.2% (30/85) of cats with FOSCC had a history of this exposure. Among 485 cats with FOSCC, 6.4% had dental and oral pathology. The present study demonstrates that the available evidence on the etiology of FOSCC is still limited, however, there has been increasing interest in this topic. Abstract Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is the most common oral neoplasia in cats. This malignant tumor is locally invasive, has a high mortality rate, and its etiology is not yet known. In humans, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is associated with tobacco smoke, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus infection. Herein, a critical review about the potential etiologic factors of FOSCC was performed, considering publications between 2000 and 2022, aiming to synthesize all available scientific evidence regarding this issue. Recommendations of the PRISMA statement and the Cochrane Collaboration were followed and the PubMed database searched by using the MeSH terms MeSH terms “oral”, “mouth”, “lingual”, “labial”, “gingiva”, “carcinoma”, “squamous”, and “feline”. The selection process for eligible studies was based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and the quality of the studies assessed. The initial search resulted in 553 publications, with only 26 of these being included in the review. Sixteen studies were related to viral etiology and nine related to environmental factors such as exposure to tobacco smoke, ectoparasitic products, and the presence of oral comorbidities. When evaluated, feline papillomavirus was detected in 16.2% of samples of FOSCC. In the three studies focused on exposure to tobacco smoke, 35.2% (30/85) of cats with FOSCC had a history of this exposure. The consumption of canned food and the use of deworming collars were associated, in only one publication, with a risk of neoplasia increased by 4.7 and 5.3 times, respectively. Among 485 cats with FOSCC, 6.4% had dental and oral pathology (i.e., periodontal disease or feline chronic gingivostomatitis). The present study demonstrates that the available evidence on the etiology of FOSCC is still limited, however, there has been an increasing interest on this topic. To better understand the role of the possible etiological factors of this aggressive disease, and model for its human counterpart, large, prospective multi-institutional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Sequeira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria dos Anjos Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Leitão
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Henriques
- Oncology Service, Centre Hospitalière Vétérinaire Frégis, 94110 Arcueil, France
| | - Carlos Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Requicha
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-967-793-272
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Warren CJ, Santiago ML, Pyeon D. APOBEC3: Friend or Foe in Human Papillomavirus Infection and Oncogenesis? Annu Rev Virol 2022; 9:375-395. [PMID: 35671565 PMCID: PMC9637027 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-092920-030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a causative agent of multiple human cancers, including cervical and head and neck cancers. In these HPV-positive tumors, somatic mutations are caused by aberrant activation of DNA mutators such as members of the apolipoprotein B messenger RNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) family of cytidine deaminases. APOBEC3 proteins are most notable for their restriction of various viruses, including anti-HPV activity. However, the potential role of APOBEC3 proteins in HPV-induced cancer progression has recently garnered significant attention. Ongoing research stems from the observations that elevated APOBEC3 expression is driven by HPV oncogene expression and that APOBEC3 activity is likely a significant contributor to somatic mutagenesis in HPV-positive cancers. This review focuses on recent advances in the study of APOBEC3 proteins and their roles in HPV infection and HPV-driven oncogenesis. Further, we discuss critical gaps and unanswered questions in our understanding of APOBEC3 in virus-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Warren
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Mario L Santiago
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA;
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA;
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Romero-Masters JC, Lambert PF, Munger K. Molecular Mechanisms of MmuPV1 E6 and E7 and Implications for Human Disease. Viruses 2022; 14:2138. [PMID: 36298698 PMCID: PMC9611894 DOI: 10.3390/v14102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause a substantial amount of human disease from benign disease such as warts to malignant cancers including cervical carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and non-melanoma skin cancer. Our ability to model HPV-induced malignant disease has been impeded by species specific barriers and pre-clinical animal models have been challenging to develop. The recent discovery of a murine papillomavirus, MmuPV1, that infects laboratory mice and causes the same range of malignancies caused by HPVs provides the papillomavirus field the opportunity to test mechanistic hypotheses in a genetically manipulatable laboratory animal species in the context of natural infections. The E6 and E7 proteins encoded by high-risk HPVs, which are the HPV genotypes associated with human cancers, are multifunctional proteins that contribute to HPV-induced cancers in multiple ways. In this review, we describe the known activities of the MmuPV1-encoded E6 and E7 proteins and how those activities relate to the activities of HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins encoded by mucosal and cutaneous high-risk HPV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Romero-Masters
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Karl Munger
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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