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Moore JD, Byrne RJ, Vedantham P, Flynn DL, Hanson PR. High-Load, ROMP-Generated Oligomeric Bis-acid Chlorides: Design of Soluble and Insoluble Nucleophile Scavengers. Org Lett 2003; 5:4241-4. [PMID: 14601970 DOI: 10.1021/ol0352759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An efficient strategy for scavenging a host of nucleophiles utilizing an oligomeric bis-acid chloride (OBAC), generated from the ROM polymerization of trans-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarbonyl dichloride, is described. The reactivity and high load of the OBAC reagent is exploited in the scavenging of amines, alcohols, and thiols that are present in excess following a common benzoylation event. Following the scavenging event, these oligomers can be precipitated with EtOAc and filtered (SiO(2)), leaving benzoylated nucleophiles in excellent yield and purity.
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Mukherjee S, Poon KW, Flynn DL, Hanson PR. Capture-ROMP-release: application to the synthesis of amines and alkyl hydrazines. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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53
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Harned AM, Mukherjee S, Flynn DL, Hanson PR. Ring-Opening Metathesis Phase-Trafficking (ROMpt) Synthesis: Multistep Synthesis on Soluble ROM Supports. Org Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ol030049k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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54
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Moore JD, Herpel RH, Lichtsinn JR, Flynn DL, Hanson PR. ROMP-generated oligomeric sulfonyl chlorides as versatile soluble scavenging agents. Org Lett 2003; 5:105-7. [PMID: 12529116 DOI: 10.1021/ol0270273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A new method for homogeneous nucleophilic scavenging employing oligomeric sulfonyl chloride (OSC) reagents is described. The method utilizes OSC to rapidly scavenge a variety of amines that are present in excess. The OSC reagents are generated from ROM polymerization of 2-chlorosulfonyl-5-norbornene utilizing the second generation Grubbs catalyst to produce oligomers of varying size as stable, free-flowing powders. Following the scavenging event, these oligomers are precipitated with ethyl acetate leaving products in excellent yield and purity.
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Harned AM, Mukherjee S, Flynn DL, Hanson PR. Ring-opening metathesis phase-trafficking (ROMpt) synthesis: multistep synthesis on soluble ROM supports. Org Lett 2003; 5:15-8. [PMID: 12509879 DOI: 10.1021/ol0270327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of ring-opening metathesis (ROM) oligomers as soluble supports for a multistep reaction sequence is described. A Mitsunobu reaction followed by an in situ ROMP-mediated phase-trafficking purification is utilized to generate soluble ROM oligomers that are isolated via precipitation with methanol. Once formed, the ROM oligomers serve as soluble supports for further solution-phase reactions, including a ring-closing metathesis. After each step, the support-bound products are isolated by precipitation with a suitable solvent. [reaction--see text]
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Flynn DL, Hanson PR, Berk SC, Makara GM. New developments in chemical library synthesis. Norbornenyl tags for use in phase-switching, sequestration, capture-release and soluble support applications. CURRENT OPINION IN DRUG DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT 2002; 5:571-9. [PMID: 12197315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
A new, general chemical library purification platform is reviewed. This platform makes broad use of (oxa)norbornenyl-tagged reactants, reagents, catalysts, sequestration-enabling reagents and scavengers, in combination with Grubbs catalyst-mediated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reactions as an in situ polymerization purification technique. Extensions of this platform involve the use of preformed ROMP supports in synthesis, and polystyrene-supported Grubbs catalysts, which perform in a boomerang fashion.
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Flynn DL, Berk SC, Makara GM. Recent advances in chemical library synthesis methodology. CURRENT OPINION IN DRUG DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT 2002; 5:580-93. [PMID: 12197316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The first part of this review highlights recent advances in polymer-supported reagents, catalysts, reactants and sequestrants. Particular attention is given to recent advances in polymer-supported oxidants, transition metal catalysts and polymer-supported reactants, including acyl groups, guanidinyl groups, alkyl groups and various classes of nucleophiles. This second part of the review highlights recent advances made in the areas of chemical tagging and phase-trafficking techniques, all of which have enabled further advances in the methodology of solution-phase chemical library synthesis.
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Moore JD, Harned AM, Henle J, Flynn DL, Hanson PR. Scavenge-ROMP-filter: a facile strategy for soluble scavenging via norbornenyl tagging of electrophilic Reagents. Org Lett 2002; 4:1847-9. [PMID: 12027629 DOI: 10.1021/ol0257880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A new "chemical tagging" method for homogeneous electrophilic scavenging is described. The method utilizes 5-norbornene-2-methanol to scavenge/tag a variety of electrophiles that are present in excess. Once tagging is complete, the crude reaction mixture is subjected to a rapid ROM polymerization event utilizing the second generation Grubbs catalyst. This process yields a polymer that can be precipitated with methanol or ether/hexane, leaving products in excellent yield and purity.
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Grieco PA, Flynn DL, Zelle RE. .beta.-Lactam antibiotics: a formal stereocontrolled total synthesis of (.+-.)-thienamycin. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00333a053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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60
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Flynn DL, Zabrowski DL. Halogen-atom-transfer annulations involving iodomalonates and allylamine derivatives. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00298a058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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61
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Flynn DL, Zelle RE, Grieco PA. A mild two-step method for the hydrolysis of lactams and secondary amides. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00162a028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Strategies for the parallel synthesis of small molecule arrays are reviewed with an emphasis on those approaches that integrate the sciences of organic synthesis and product purification. The use of phase-trafficking reagents (PTRs) and phase-switching strategies are highlighted, which allow the rapid, parallel synthesis of small molecule arrays with built-in purification determinants.
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Parlow JJ, Vazquez ML, Flynn DL. A mixed resin bed for the quenching and purification of tetrabutylammonium fluoride mediated desilylating reactions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2391-4. [PMID: 9873547 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A polymer-bound calcium sulfonate resin is prepared and used to sequester tetrabutylammonium fluoride. The simultaneous use of the calcium sulfonate resin with a sulfonic acid resin is used for the quenching and purification of desilylating reactions involving tetrabutylammonium fluoride as the reagent. Employment of this resin workup technique eliminates the need for a liquid-phase extractive protocol allowing the procedure to be easily automated.
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Starkey GW, Parlow JJ, Flynn DL. Chemically-tagged Mitsunobu reagents for use in solution-phase chemical library synthesis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2385-90. [PMID: 9873546 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A general method for high-throughput product purification of Mitsunobu reactions is described. Tagged phosphine and azodicarboxylate reagents are used to synthesize individual library members in solution-phase. Workup and purification are easily accomplished by post-reaction sequestration of the tagged reagents and reagent byproducts by a complementary functionalized ion exchange resin. The reagents are utilized in a 3 step library synthesis.
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Flynn DL, Devraj RV, Parlow JJ. Recent advances in polymer-assisted solution-phase chemical library synthesis and purification. CURRENT OPINION IN DRUG DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT 1998; 1:41-50. [PMID: 19649788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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67
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Parlow JJ, Flynn DL. Solution-phase parallel synthesis of a benzoxazinone library using complementary molecular reactivity and molecular recognition (CMR/R) purification technology. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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68
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Parlow JJ, Naing W, South MS, Flynn DL. In Situ Chemical Tagging: Tetrafluorophthalic Anhydride as a “Sequestration Enabling Reagent” (SER) in the Purification of Solution-Phase Combinatorial Libraries. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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69
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Becker DP, Nosal R, Villamil CI, Gullikson G, Moummi C, Yang DC, Flynn DL. Serotonin 5-HT4 agonist activity of a series of meso-azanoradamantane benzamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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70
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Flynn DL, Abood NA, Holwerda BC. Recent advances in antiviral research: identification of inhibitors of the herpesvirus proteases. Curr Opin Chem Biol 1997; 1:190-6. [PMID: 9667847 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(97)80009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Major advances have been reported in the last two years regarding the molecular biology and structural properties of the herpesvirus proteases. X-ray diffraction studies have enabled several groups to solve the structure of the human cytomegalovirus protease. Fluorescence-based substrate assays have also been recently reported. These substrates exhibit sufficient kinetic and sensitivity properties to enable high-throughput screening efforts dedicated toward the discovery of protease inhibitors. Three classes of inhibitors have been reported recently: nonpeptidic aryl trifluoromethylketones; alternate substrate inhibitors (benzoxazinones/azalactones); and thiol-modifying inhibitors. The thiol-modifying class offers a unique opportunity to discover inhibitors specific to the human cytomegalovirus protease, as this protease requires reduced cysteine residues for its enzymatic activity.
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Flynn DL, Crich JZ, Devraj RV, Hockerman SL, Parlow JJ, South MS, Woodard S. Chemical Library Purification Strategies Based on Principles of Complementary Molecular Reactivity and Molecular Recognition. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja963462e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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72
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Flynn DL, Becker DP, Dilworth VM, Highkin MK, Hippenmeyer PJ, Houseman KA, Levine LM, Li M, Moormann AE, Rankin A, Toth MV, Villamil CI, Wittwer AJ, Holwerda BC. The herpesvirus protease: mechanistic studies and discovery of inhibitors of the human cytomegalovirus protease. DRUG DESIGN AND DISCOVERY 1997; 15:3-15. [PMID: 9332827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The herpesvirus protease is a recently identified enzyme which is essential for viral replication. It is found in all herpesviruses and offers a new molecular target for therapeutic intervention. Its genomic structure has recently been described and consists of a large open reading frame which encodes a fusion protein containing an amino-terminal protease domain in-frame with a carboxyl-terminal "assembly protein-like" domain. Auto-processing releases the amino-terminal protease as a maturational enzyme. The herpesvirus protease has been characterized as a novel serine protease. Four surface accessible sulfhydryl groups have been identified in the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) protease. Utilizing a fluorogenic DABCYL-EDANS substrate assay, directed screening has identified a class of sulfhydryl-modifying benzimidazolylmethyl sulfoxides which inhibits recombinant HCMV protease. Site-directed mutagenesis studies suggest oxidative modification of surface-accessible HCMV protease Cys138 (and possibly Cys161) by this class of inhibitors. The benzimidazolylmethyl sulfoxide 1 inhibits HCMV protease (IC50 = 1.9 microM), exhibits selectivity vs. mammalian serine proteases, and exhibits antiviral activity in an HCMV infected cell culture assay.
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Becker DP, Nosal R, Zabrowski DL, Flynn DL. Synthetic strategies for the construction of enantiomeric azanoradamantanes. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(96)00973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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74
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Becker DP, Li H, Flynn DL. One-Pot Preparation of 1,3-Dihydro-1-(trifluoromethyl)isobenzofuran-1-ol Derivatives from 1,2-Dibromobenzene. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919608004619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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75
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Becker DP, Flynn DL. Preparation of Trifluoromethyl Lactol Derivatives via Base-Initiated Cyclobutanol Ring-Opening to a Laterally-Lithiated Trifluoromethyl Ketone. Synlett 1996. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1996-5325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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76
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Yang DC, Goldstin B, Moormann AE, Flynn DL, Gullikson GW. SC-53606, a potent and selective antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine4 receptors in isolated rat esophageal tunica muscularis mucosae. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 266:1339-47. [PMID: 8396633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1-S,8-S)-N-[(hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-1-yl)methyl]-6-chloroimi+ ++- dazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide hydrochloride (SC-53606) acts as an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine4 (5-HT4) receptor-mediated relaxation of carbachol-induced contractions in rat esophageal tunica muscular mucosae, but does not possess 5-HT4 agonist activity. SC-53606 demonstrated a pA2 value against 5-HT in this tissue of 7.91 +/- 0.08 (Ki = 12.3 +/- 1.17 nM). Similar pA2 values of 7.68 +/- 0.06, 7.67 +/- 0.06 and 7.63 +/- 0.05 were determined for the synthetic 5-HT4 receptor agonists SC-53116, 5-methoxytryptamine and renzapride, respectively. In addition, slopes of Schild plots for antagonism of these four agonists by SC-53606 were 1.07 +/- 0.02, 0.98 +/- 0.03, 1.04 +/- 0.02 and 0.96 +/- 0.06, respectively, and did not deviate from unity. The pA2 values for 5-HT4 antagonism against 5-HT were determined to be 6.80 +/- 0.09 for tropisetron and 7.36 +/- 0.08 for 2-methoxy-4-amino-S- chlorobenzoic acid-2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester SDZ 205-557), indicating that SC-53606 is more a potent 5-HT4 antagonist than either of the reference antagonists. Radioligand binding studies also demonstrated that SC-53606 is a selective antagonist with more affinity for 5-HT4 than for other 5-HT receptors. Displacement of radioligand binding from 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors by SC-53606 was less than 50% at a 10 microM concentration. Similarly, SC-53606 displayed little binding affinity at alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta adrenergic, dopamine1, dopamine2 and muscarinic cholinergic receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Becker DP, Flynn DL. Synthesis of N-BOC-3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-7-one via reductive pauson-khand cyclization and subsequent conversion to a novel diazatricyclic ring system. Tetrahedron 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)81870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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78
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Becker DP, Flynn DL. Studies of the solid-phase Pauson-Khand reaction: Selective in-situ enone reduction to 3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octanones. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)60352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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79
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Gullikson GW, Virina MA, Loeffler RF, Yang DC, Goldstin B, Wang SX, Moummi C, Flynn DL, Zabrowski DL. SC-49518 enhances gastric emptying of solid and liquid meals and stimulates gastrointestinal motility in dogs by a 5-hydroxytryptamine4 receptor mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 264:240-8. [PMID: 8380862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
SC-49518 (N-[exo-(hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-yl)methyl]-2-methoxy-4- amino-5-chlorobenzamide HCl), a new benzamide gastrointestinal prokinetic compound, was investigated to determine its ability to stimulate gastrointestinal motility in vivo and whether these actions could be mediated by agonist activity at the putative 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)4 receptor. In conscious fasted dogs with strain gauge transducers and myoelectrodes, SC-49518 disrupted gastric and small intestinal migrating motility complex cycling for more than 3.5 hr. It stimulated gastric antral contractile and intestinal myoelectric spike burst activities during the normally quiescent Phase I of the migrating motility complex at doses as low as 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg i.v., respectively. In a canine model of gastroparesis, SC-49518 reversed completely alpha-2 adrenergically delayed gastric emptying of a solid meal with an ED50 value of 0.1 mg/kg intragastrically and partially reversed delayed emptying of a liquid meal. SC-49518, like 5-HT, cisapride and renzapride, acted as an agonist (EC50 = 6.6 +/- 1.1 x 10(-8) M) at the putative 5-HT4 receptor in rat esophageal tunica muscularis mucosae by relaxing carbachol-induced contractions. SC-49518 was a partial agonist at 5-HT4 receptors, but also blocked high affinity (5-HT4-mediated) responses to 5-HT (10(-9) M to 3 x 10(-7) M) in guinea pig ileum with a pA2 value of 8.39.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Kramer JB, Boschelli DH, Connor DT, Kostlan CR, Flynn DL, Dyer RD, Bornemeier DA, Kennedy JA, Wright CD, Kuipers PJ. Synthesis of reversed hydroxamic acids of indomethacin: dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)80450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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81
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Flynn DL, Becker DP, Spangler DP, Nosal R, Gullikson GW, Moummi C, Yang DC. New aza(nor)adamantanes are agonists at the newly identified serotonin 5-HT4 receptor and antagonists at the 5-HT3 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)80441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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82
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Flynn DL, Zabrowski DL, Nosal R. Use of methyl 2-iodo-2-(phenylsulfonyl)-4-pentenoate in atom-transfer radical cyclizations. Entry into annulation products containing carbonyl or exo-methylene functionality. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)60165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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83
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Flynn DL, Villamil CI, Becker DP, Gullikson GW, Moummi C, Yang DC. 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrrolidinones as scaffolds for construction of peptidomimetic cholecystokinin antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)80224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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84
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Flynn DL, Zabrowski DL, Becker DP, Nosal R, Villamil CI, Gullikson GW, Moummi C, Yang DC. SC-53116: the first selective agonist at the newly identified serotonin 5-HT4 receptor subtype. J Med Chem 1992; 35:1486-9. [PMID: 1573641 DOI: 10.1021/jm00086a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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85
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Gullikson GW, Virina MA, Loeffler RF, Yang DC, Goldstin B, Flynn DL, Moormann AE. Gastrointestinal motility responses to the S and R enantiomers of zacopride, a 5-HT4 agonist and 5-HT3 antagonist. Drug Dev Res 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.430260404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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86
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Becker DP, Flynn DL. A Short Synthesis of 1-Azaadamantan-4-one and the 4r and 4s Isomers of 4-Amino-1-azaadamantane. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 1992. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1992-26307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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87
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Flynn DL, Belliotti TR, Boctor AM, Connor DT, Kostlan CR, Nies DE, Ortwine DF, Schrier DJ, Sircar JC. Styrylpyrazoles, styrylisoxazoles, and styrylisothiazoles. Novel 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors. J Med Chem 1991; 34:518-25. [PMID: 1847426 DOI: 10.1021/jm00106a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of styrylpyrazoles, styrylisoxazoles, and styrylisothiazoles were prepared and found to be dual inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase in rat basophilic leukemia cells. Compounds from this series also were found to inhibit the in vivo production of LTB4 when dosed orally in rats. Among these compounds, di-tert-butylphenols 19 and 33 exhibit oral activity in various models of inflammation and, most importantly, are devoid of ulcerogenic potential.
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Flynn DL, Capiris T, Cetenko WJ, Connor DT, Dyer RD, Kostlan CR, Nies DE, Schrier DJ, Sircar JC. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug hydroxamic acids. Dual inhibitors of both cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase. J Med Chem 1990; 33:2070-2. [PMID: 2115586 DOI: 10.1021/jm00170a004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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89
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Schrier DJ, Adamchak MA, Boctor AM, Kostlan CR, Flynn DL, Jordan JH, Lesch ME, Okonkwo GC. The in vivo antiinflammatory effects of (E)-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-4-[2-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)ethenyl ] phenol (PD 127443) a novel dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1989; 27:391-4. [PMID: 2552768 DOI: 10.1007/bf01972831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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90
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Flynn DL, Rafferty MF, Boctor AM. Inhibition of human neutrophil 5-lipoxygenase activity by gingerdione, shogaol, capsaicin and related pungent compounds. PROSTAGLANDINS, LEUKOTRIENES, AND MEDICINE 1986; 24:195-8. [PMID: 3467378 DOI: 10.1016/0262-1746(86)90126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of structurally related pungent natural products including capsaicin, gingerol, and gingerdione among others were evaluated and found to be potent inhibitors of 5-HETE biosynthesis in intact human leukocytes, with IC50 values of 100 and 15 microM for capsaicin and gingerdione, respectively. Several compounds within this series were also found to inhibit PGE2 formation, with the most potent being gingerdione (IC50 = 18 microM). These and other data indicate that members of the capsaicin/gingerol family of pungent compounds can act as dual inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism, which could account in part for the antiinflammatory and analgesic properties of compounds within this group.
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91
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Flynn DL, Rafferty MF, Boctor AM. Inhibition of 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) formation in intact human neutrophils by naturally-occurring diarylheptanoids: inhibitory activities of curcuminoids and yakuchinones. PROSTAGLANDINS, LEUKOTRIENES, AND MEDICINE 1986; 22:357-60. [PMID: 3460103 DOI: 10.1016/0262-1746(86)90146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Various diarylheptanoids including curcumin, bis (3,4-dihydroxy-cinnamoyl) methane, and yakuchinones A & B were screened and found to be potent inhibitors of 5-HETE production by intact human neutrophils, with respective IC50 values of 8.0, 4.4, 5.4, and 4.0 microM. These diarylheptanoids were found to be more potent than BW-755C, Phenidone, and AA-861. We have confirmed a previous report that several of these diarylheptanoids inhibit cyclooxygenase. Thus, curcuminoids and yakuchinones are more accurately characterized as dual inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism.
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92
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Flynn DL, Nies DE. A novel Diels-Alder reaction utilizing 3-chloro-1-methoxybutadiene: a short and convergent synthesis of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor RS-43179. Tetrahedron Lett 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)85136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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93
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A. Mitscher L, L. Flynn D, Veysoglu T, Wielogorski Z. Chemistry of 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxole. Two-carbon Homologation of Carbonyl Compounds to a-Ketoaldenydes and Dihydroxyacetonyl Moieties. HETEROCYCLES 1982. [DOI: 10.3987/s(b)-1982-01-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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94
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Al-Shamma A, Drake S, Flynn DL, Mitscher LA, Park YH, Rao GS, Simpson A, Swayze JK, Veysoglu T, Wu ST. Antimicrobial agents from higher plants. Antimicrobial agents from Peganum harmala seeds. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 1981; 44:745-747. [PMID: 7334386 DOI: 10.1021/np50018a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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95
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Mitscher LA, Flynn DL, Gracey HE, Drake SD. Quinolone antimicrobial agents. 2. Methylenedioxy positional isomers of oxolinic acid. J Med Chem 1979; 22:1354-7. [PMID: 533883 DOI: 10.1021/jm00197a014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and antimicrobial activity of the methylenedioxy positional isomers, 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-5,6-methylenedioxy-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (9) and 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-7,8-methylenedioxy-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (17), of oxolinic acid (18) have been accomplished. Isomer 9 was prepared by the reaction of N-ethyl-6,7-methylenedioxyisatoic anhydride with sodioethyl formylacetate [L. A. Mitscher, H. E. Gracey, G. W. Clark III, and T. Suzuki, J. Med. Chem., 21, 485 (1978)], while isomer 17 was prepared by thermal cyclization of diethyl 2-[(2,3-methylenedioxyanilino)methylene]malonate [D. Kaminsky and R. I. Meltzer, J. Med. Chem., 11, 160 (1968)]. Both of the new isomers are less active in vitro when compared to oxolinic acid (18) itself.
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