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Mazaheri Z, Papari GP, Andreone A. Dielectric Response of Different Alcohols in Water-Rich Binary Mixtures from THz Ellipsometry. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4240. [PMID: 38673827 PMCID: PMC11049918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a study on the hydrogen bonding mechanisms of three aliphatic alcohols (2-propanol, methanol, and ethanol) and one diol (ethylene glycol) in water solution using a time-domain ellipsometer in the THz region. The dielectric response of the pure liquids is nicely modeled by the generalized Debye-Lorentz equation. For binary mixtures, we analyze the data using a modified effective Debye model, which considers H-bond rupture and reformation dynamics and the motion of the alkyl chains and of the OH groups. We focus on the properties of the water-rich region, finding anomalous behavior in the absorption properties at very low solute molar concentrations. These results, first observed in the THz region, are in line with previous findings from different experiments and can be explained by taking into account the amphiphilic nature of the alcohol molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mazaheri
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso MSA, 80126 Naples, Italy; (Z.M.); (G.P.P.)
- Naples Research Unit, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Complesso MSA, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Papari
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso MSA, 80126 Naples, Italy; (Z.M.); (G.P.P.)
- Naples Research Unit, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Complesso MSA, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Andreone
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso MSA, 80126 Naples, Italy; (Z.M.); (G.P.P.)
- Naples Research Unit, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Complesso MSA, 80126 Naples, Italy
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2
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Wang JZ, Lyon WL, MacMillan DWC. Alkene dialkylation by triple radical sorting. Nature 2024; 628:104-109. [PMID: 38350601 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The development of bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) catalysis has expanded cross-coupling chemistries by enabling the selective combination of any primary radical with any secondary or tertiary radical through a radical sorting mechanism1-8. Biomimetic9,10 SH2 catalysis can be used to merge common feedstock chemicals-such as alcohols, acids and halides-in various permutations for the construction of a single C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond. The ability to sort these two distinct radicals across commercially available alkenes in a three-component manner would enable the simultaneous construction of two C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds, greatly accelerating access to complex molecules and drug-like chemical space11. However, the simultaneous in situ formation of electrophilic and primary nucleophilic radicals in the presence of unactivated alkenes is problematic, typically leading to statistical radical recombination, hydrogen atom transfer, disproportionation and other deleterious pathways12,13. Here we report the use of bimolecular homolytic substitution catalysis to sort an electrophilic radical and a nucleophilic radical across an unactivated alkene. This reaction involves the in situ formation of three distinct radical species, which are then differentiated by size and electronics, allowing for regioselective formation of the desired dialkylated products. This work accelerates access to pharmaceutically relevant C(sp3)-rich molecules and defines a distinct mechanistic approach for alkene dialkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Z Wang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - William L Lyon
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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3
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Foster SP, Anderson KG. Stored alcohol and fatty acid intermediates and the biosynthesis of sex pheromone aldehyde in the moth Chloridea virescens. J Chem Ecol 2024; 50:110-121. [PMID: 38374478 PMCID: PMC11043202 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In most species of moths, the female produces and releases a volatile sex pheromone from a specific gland to attract a mate. Biosynthesis of the most common type of moth sex pheromone component (Type 1) involves de novo synthesis of hexadecanoate (16:Acyl), followed by modification to various fatty acyl intermediates, then reduction to a primary alcohol, which may be acetylated or oxidized to produce an acetate ester or aldehyde, respectively. Our previous work on the moth Chloridea virescens (Noctuidae) showed that females produce 90% of the major pheromone component, (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald), via a direct and rapid route of de novo biosynthesis with highly labile intermediates, and ca. 10% from an indirect route that likely mobilizes a pre-synthesized 16-carbon skeleton, possibly, (Z)-11-hexadecenoate (Z11-16:Acyl) or hexadecanoate (16:Acyl). In this paper, we use stable isotope tracer/tracee techniques to study the dynamics of the precursor alcohol (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11-16:OH) and stores of Z11-16:Acyl and 16:Acyl to determine their roles in biosynthesis of Z11-16:Ald. We found: (i) that intracellular Z11-16:OH is synthesized at roughly the same rate as Z11-16:Ald, indicating that translocation and oxidation of this moiety does not rate limit biosynthesis of Z11-16:Ald, (ii) intracellular Z11-16:OH consists of two pools, a highly labile one rapidly translocated out of the cell and converted to Z11-16:Ald, and a less labile one that mostly remains in gland cells, (iii) during pheromone biosynthesis, net stores of Z11-16:Acyl increase, suggesting it is not the source of Z11-16:Ald produced by the indirect route, and (iv) no evidence for the gland synthesizing stored 16:Acyl prior to (up to 2 days before eclosion), or after, synthesis of pheromone commenced, suggesting the bulk of this stored moiety is synthesized elsewhere and transported to the gland prior to gland maturation. Thus, the pheromone gland of C. virescens produces very little stored fat over its functional lifetime, being optimized to produce sex pheromone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Foster
- Department of Entomology, School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, 7650, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Karin G Anderson
- Department of Entomology, School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, 7650, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
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4
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Lee D, Noh J, Moon SY, Shin TJ, Choi YK, Park J. Pectin Nanoporous Structures Prepared via Salt-Induced Phase Separation and Ambient Azeotropic Evaporation Processes. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1709-1723. [PMID: 38377481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharide nanoporous structures are suitable for various applications, ranging from biomedical scaffolds to adsorption materials, owing to their biocompatibility and large surface areas. Pectin, in particular, can create 3D nanoporous structures in aqueous solutions by binding with calcium cations and creating nanopores by phase separation; this process involves forming hydrogen bonds between alcohols and pectin chains in water and alcohol mixtures and the resulting penetration of alcohols into calcium-bound pectin gels. However, owing to the dehydration and condensation of polysaccharide chains during drying, it has proven to be challenging to maintain the 3D nanoporous structure without using a freeze-drying process or supercritical fluid. Herein, we report a facile method for creating polysaccharide-based xerogels, involving the co-evaporation of water with a nonsolvent (e.g., a low-molecular-weight hydrophobic alcohol such as isopropyl or n-propyl alcohol) at ambient conditions. Experiments and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that salt-induced phase separation and hydrogen bonding between hydrophobic alcohols and pectin chains were the dominant processes in mixtures of pectin, water, and hydrophobic alcohols. Furthermore, the azeotropic evaporation of water and alcohol mixed in approximately 1:1 molar ratios was maintained during the natural drying process under ambient conditions, preventing the hydration and aggregation of the hydrophilic pectin chains. These results introduce a simple and convenient process to produce 3D polysaccharide xerogels under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Juran Noh
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Su-Young Moon
- Gas & Carbon Convergent Research Center, Chemical & Process Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeol Kyo Choi
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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5
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Mao E, Prieto Kullmer CN, Sakai HA, MacMillan DWC. Direct Bioisostere Replacement Enabled by Metallaphotoredox Deoxydifluoromethylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5067-5073. [PMID: 38365186 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The replacement of a functional group with its corresponding bioisostere is a widely employed tactic during drug discovery campaigns that allows medicinal chemists to improve the ADME properties of candidates while maintaining potency. However, the incorporation of bioisosteres typically requires lengthy de novo resynthesis of potential candidates, which represents a bottleneck in their broader evaluation. An alternative would be to directly convert a functional group into its corresponding bioisostere at a late stage. Herein, we report the realization of this approach through the conversion of aliphatic alcohols into the corresponding difluoromethylated analogues via the merger of benzoxazolium-mediated deoxygenation and copper-mediated C(sp3)-CF2H bond formation. The utility of this method is showcased in a variety of complex alcohols and drug compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Mao
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Cesar N Prieto Kullmer
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Holt A Sakai
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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6
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Morad V, Stelmakh A, Svyrydenko M, Feld LG, Boehme SC, Aebli M, Affolter J, Kaul CJ, Schrenker NJ, Bals S, Sahin Y, Dirin DN, Cherniukh I, Raino G, Baumketner A, Kovalenko MV. Designer phospholipid capping ligands for soft metal halide nanocrystals. Nature 2024; 626:542-548. [PMID: 38109940 PMCID: PMC10866715 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The success of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in science and optoelectronics is inextricable from their surfaces. The functionalization of lead halide perovskite NCs1-5 poses a formidable challenge because of their structural lability, unlike the well-established covalent ligand capping of conventional semiconductor NCs6,7. We posited that the vast and facile molecular engineering of phospholipids as zwitterionic surfactants can deliver highly customized surface chemistries for metal halide NCs. Molecular dynamics simulations implied that ligand-NC surface affinity is primarily governed by the structure of the zwitterionic head group, particularly by the geometric fitness of the anionic and cationic moieties into the surface lattice sites, as corroborated by the nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data. Lattice-matched primary-ammonium phospholipids enhance the structural and colloidal integrity of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites (FAPbBr3 and MAPbBr3 (FA, formamidinium; MA, methylammonium)) and lead-free metal halide NCs. The molecular structure of the organic ligand tail governs the long-term colloidal stability and compatibility with solvents of diverse polarity, from hydrocarbons to acetone and alcohols. These NCs exhibit photoluminescence quantum yield of more than 96% in solution and solids and minimal photoluminescence intermittency at the single particle level with an average ON fraction as high as 94%, as well as bright and high-purity (about 95%) single-photon emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Morad
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andriy Stelmakh
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mariia Svyrydenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Leon G Feld
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simon C Boehme
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Aebli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Joel Affolter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph J Kaul
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadine J Schrenker
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yesim Sahin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ihor Cherniukh
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Raino
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrij Baumketner
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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7
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Casoria M, Macchiagodena M, Rovero P, Andreini C, Papini AM, Cardini G, Pagliai M. Upgrading of the general AMBER force field 2 for fluorinated alcohol biosolvents: A validation for water solutions and melittin solvation. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3543. [PMID: 37734745 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The standard GAFF2 force field parameterization has been refined for the fluorinated alcohols 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-one (HFA), which are commonly used to study proteins and peptides in biomimetic media. The structural and dynamic properties of both proteins and peptides are significantly influenced by the biomimetic environment created by the presence of these cosolvents in aqueous solutions. Quantum mechanical calculations on stable conformers were used to parameterize the atomic charges. Different systems, such as pure liquids, aqueous solutions, and systems formed by melittin protein and cosolvent/water solutions, have been used to validate the new models. The calculated macroscopic and structural properties are in agreement with experimental findings, supporting the validity of the newly proposed models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Casoria
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marina Macchiagodena
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of NeuroFarBa, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudia Andreini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianni Cardini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Pagliai
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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8
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Chadha A, Padhi SK, Stella S, Venkataraman S, Saravanan T. Microbial alcohol dehydrogenases: recent developments and applications in asymmetric synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:228-251. [PMID: 38050738 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01447a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenases are a well-known group of enzymes in the class of oxidoreductases that use electron transfer cofactors such as NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H for oxidation or reduction reactions of alcohols or carbonyl compounds respectively. These enzymes are utilized mainly as purified enzymes and offer some advantages in terms of green chemistry. They are environmentally friendly and a sustainable alternative to traditional chemical synthesis of bulk and fine chemicals. Industry has implemented several whole-cell biocatalytic processes to synthesize pharmaceutically active ingredients by exploring the high selectivity of enzymes. Unlike the whole cell system where cofactor regeneration is well conserved within the cellular environment, purified enzymes require additional cofactors or a cofactor recycling system in the reaction, even though cleaner reactions can be carried out with fewer downstream work-up problems. The challenge of producing purified enzymes in large quantities has been solved in large part by the use of recombinant enzymes. Most importantly, recombinant enzymes find applications in many cascade biotransformations to produce several important chiral precursors. Inevitably, several dehydrogenases were engineered as mere recombinant enzymes could not meet the industrial requirements for substrate and stereoselectivity. In recent years, a significant number of engineered alcohol dehydrogenases have been employed in asymmetric synthesis in industry. In a parallel development, several enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods have been established for regenerating expensive cofactors (NAD+/NADP+) to make the overall enzymatic process more efficient and economically viable. In this review article, recent developments and applications of microbial alcohol dehydrogenases are summarized by emphasizing notable examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Chadha
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Santosh Kumar Padhi
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India.
| | - Selvaraj Stella
- Department of Chemistry, Sarah Tucker College (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Tirunelveli-627007, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sowmyalakshmi Venkataraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thangavelu Saravanan
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India.
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9
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Yakura T, Fujiwara T, Asakubo K, Perumalla HNL, Uzu M, Okitsu T, Kasama K, Nambu H. 8-Iodoisoquinolinone, a Conformationally Rigid Highly Reactive 2-Iodobenzamide Catalyst for the Oxidation of Alcohols by Hypervalent Iodine. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:234-239. [PMID: 38417869 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The first lactam-type 2-iodobenzamide catalysts, 8-iodoisoquinolinones 8 (IB-lactam) and 9 (MeO-IB-lactam), were developed. These catalysts have a conformationally rigid 6/6 bicyclic lactam structure and are more reactive than the previously reported catalysts 2-iodobenzamides 4 (IBamide) and 5 (MeO-IBamide) for the oxidation of alcohols. The lactam structure could form an efficient intramolecular I---O interaction, depending on the size of the lactam ring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kanna Asakubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | | | - Mitsuha Uzu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Takashi Okitsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Kengo Kasama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Hisanori Nambu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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10
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Wang YX, Cai XY, Liu JM, Han YT, Sui SY, Chen DW, Xie KB, Chen RD, Dai JG. Exploring the catalytic diversity of two short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases from Stachybotrys chartarum. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2024; 26:102-111. [PMID: 38126332 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2288291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases (SDRs) belong to the NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductase superfamily, which have various functions of catalyzing oxidation/reduction reactions and have been generally used as powerful biocatalysts in the production of pharmaceuticals. In this study, ScSDR1 and ScSDR2, two new SDRs have been identified and characterized from Stachybotrys chartarum 3.5365. Substrate scope investigation revealed that both of the enzymes possessed the ability to oxidize β-OH to ketone specifically, and exhibited substrate promiscuity and high stereo-selectivity for efficiently catalyzing the structurally different prochiral ketones to chiral alcohols. These findings not only suggest that ScSDR1 and ScSDR2 might be potent synthetic tools in drug research and development, but also provide good examples for further engineered enzymes with higher efficiency and stereo-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xin-Yu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ji-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yao-Tian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Song-Yang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Da-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ke-Bo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ri-Dao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun-Gui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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11
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Hu X, Liu W, Yan Y, Deng H, Cai Y. Development of a novel magnetic metal-organic framework for the immobilization of short-chain dehydrogenase for the asymmetric reduction of pro-chiral ketone. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127414. [PMID: 37838135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) acts as a biocatalyst in the synthesis of chiral alcohols with high optical purity. Herein, we achieved immobilization via crosslinking on novel magnetic metal-organic framework nanoparticles with a three-layer shell structure (Fe3O4@PDA@Cu (PABA)). The results of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the morphology and cross-linking property of immobilized SDR, which was more durable, stable, and reusable and exhibited better kinetic performance than free enzyme. The SDR and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) were co-immobilized and then used for the asymmetric reduction of COBE and ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutanoate (OPBE). These finding suggest that enzymes immobilized on novel MOF nanoparticles can serve as promising biocatalysts for asymmetric reduction prochiral ketones into chiral alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yi Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Huaxiang Deng
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute of Synthetic Biology, Institutes of Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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12
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Goukeh MN, Abichou T, Tang Y. Measurement of fluorotelomer alcohols based on solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and its application in solid waste study. Chemosphere 2023; 345:140460. [PMID: 37852384 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This work developed a method based on solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) for the measurement of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) in gas samples. The method quantification limit (MQL) is 6-7 ng/L for 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohols (6:2 FTOH) and 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohols (8:2 FTOH). In contrast to common methods such as thermal desorption combined with GC-MS, it needs neither pre-concentration equipment nor large sample volume. The extraction-evaporation-GC/MS is commonly used in literature for FTOHs measurement in solids samples. We developed a method to measure FTOHs in solid samples by adding solvent extraction prior to headspace SPME-GC/MS. The extraction-headspace SPME-GC/MS method has a quantification limit of 40-43 ng per gram for 6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTOH in solid samples. This is comparable to the MQLs for the extraction-evaporation-GC/MS method. Removing the solvent evaporation step decreased the risk of contamination and loss of analytes. The developed methods were successfully used in three examples of solid waste study: 1) measuring 6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTOH above the MQL in gas emissions from a closed landfill, 2) finding 6:2 FTOH above MQL in 9 of 31 solid consumer products, and 3) finding that the release of 6:2 FTOH in simulated landfills containing popcorn bags was linear at a rate of 3.15 ng/g popcorn bags-day and that partial 6:2 FTOH was from the hydrolysis of precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Nouri Goukeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, United States
| | - Tarek Abichou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, United States
| | - Youneng Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, United States.
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13
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Pick LM, Wenzlaff J, Yousefi M, Davari MD, Ansorge-Schumacher MB. Lipase-Mediated Conversion of Protecting Group Silyl Ethers: An Unspecific Side Reaction. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300384. [PMID: 37224395 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Silyl ether protecting groups are important tools in organic synthesis, ensuring selective reactions of hydroxyl functional groups. Enantiospecific formation or cleavage could simultaneously enable the resolution of racemic mixtures and thus significantly increase the efficiency of complex synthetic pathways. Based on reports that lipases, which today are already particularly important tools in chemical synthesis, can catalyze the enantiospecific turnover of trimethylsilanol (TMS)-protected alcohols, the goal of this study was to determine the conditions under which such a catalysis occurs. Through detailed experimental and mechanistic investigation, we demonstrated that although lipases mediate the turnover of TMS-protected alcohols, this occurs independently of the known catalytic triad, as this is unable to stabilize a tetrahedral intermediate. The reaction is essentially non-specific and therefore most likely completely independent of the active site. This rules out lipases as catalysts for the resolution of racemic mixtures of alcohols through protection or deprotection with silyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Pick
- Professur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Wenzlaff
- Professur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mohammad Yousefi
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Mehdi D Davari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
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14
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Merrifield JL, Pimentel EB, Peters-Clarke TM, Nesbitt DJ, Coon JJ, Martell JD. DNA-Compatible Copper/TEMPO Oxidation for DNA-Encoded Libraries. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1380-1386. [PMID: 37540561 PMCID: PMC10831869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes are important synthons for DNA-encoded library (DEL) construction, but the development of a DNA-compatible method for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes remains a significant challenge in the field of DEL chemistry. We report that a copper/TEMPO catalyst system enables the solution-phase DNA-compatible oxidation of DNA-linked primary activated alcohols to aldehydes. The semiaqueous, room-temperature reaction conditions afford oxidation of benzylic, heterobenzylic, and allylic alcohols in high yield, with DNA compatibility verified by mass spectrometry, qPCR, Sanger sequencing, and ligation assays. Subsequent transformations of the resulting aldehydes demonstrate the potential of this method for robust library diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justice L. Merrifield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Edward B. Pimentel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Trenton M. Peters-Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel J. Nesbitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53515, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Martell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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15
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Abstract
Alkene difunctionalizations enable the synthesis of structurally elaborated products from simple and ubiquitous starting materials in a single chemical step. Carbohydroxylations of olefins represent a family of reactivity that furnish structurally complex alcohols. While examples of this type of three-component coupling have been reported, catalytic asymmetric examples remain elusive. Here, we report an enzyme-catalyzed asymmetric carbohydroxylation of alkenes catalyzed by flavin-dependent "ene"-reductases to produce enantioenriched tertiary alcohols. Seven rounds of protein engineering reshape the enzyme's active site to increase activity and enantioselectivity. Mechanistic studies suggest that C-O bond formation occurs via a 5-endo-trig cyclization with the pendant ketone to afford an α-oxy radical which is oxidized and hydrolyzed to form the product. This work demonstrates photoenzymatic reactions involving "ene"-reductases can terminate radicals via mechanisms other than hydrogen atom transfer, expanding their utility in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Joshua Turek-Herman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Tianzhang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Todd K. Hyster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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16
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Ferraz-Caetano J, Teixeira F, Cordeiro MNDS. Systematic Development of Vanadium Catalysts for Sustainable Epoxidation of Small Alkenes and Allylic Alcohols. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12299. [PMID: 37569673 PMCID: PMC10418365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The catalytic epoxidation of small alkenes and allylic alcohols includes a wide range of valuable chemical applications, with many works describing vanadium complexes as suitable catalysts towards sustainable process chemistry. But, given the complexity of these mechanisms, it is not always easy to sort out efficient examples for streamlining sustainable processes and tuning product optimization. In this review, we provide an update on major works of tunable vanadium-catalyzed epoxidations, with a focus on sustainable optimization routes. After presenting the current mechanistic view on vanadium catalysts for small alkenes and allylic alcohols' epoxidation, we argue the key challenges in green process development by highlighting the value of updated kinetic and mechanistic studies, along with essential computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ferraz-Caetano
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Filipe Teixeira
- CQUM, Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Maria Natália Dias Soeiro Cordeiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
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17
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Wu B, Wang S, Ma Y, Yuan S, Hollmann F, Wang Y. Structure-Based Redesign of a Methanol Oxidase into an "Aryl Alcohol Oxidase" for Enzymatic Synthesis of Aromatic Flavor Compounds. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:6406-6414. [PMID: 37040179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol oxidases (AOxs) catalyze the aerobic oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl products (aldehydes or ketones), producing only H2O2 as the byproduct. The majority of known AOxs, however, have a strong preference for small, primary alcohols, limiting their broad applicability, e.g., in the food industry. To broaden the product scope of AOxs, we performed structure-guided enzyme engineering of a methanol oxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcAOx). The substrate preference was extended from methanol to a broad range of benzylic alcohols by modifying the substrate binding pocket. A mutant (PcAOx-EFMH) with four substitutions exhibited improved catalytic activity toward benzyl alcohols with increased conversion and kcat toward the benzyl alcohol from 11.3 to 88.9% and from 0.5 to 2.6 s-1, respectively. The molecular basis for the change of substrate selectivity was analyzed by molecular simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yunjian Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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18
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Rodríguez-Berríos RR, Isbel SR, Bugarin A. Epoxide-Based Synthetic Approaches toward Polypropionates and Related Bioactive Natural Products. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6195. [PMID: 37047173 PMCID: PMC10094535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypropionate units are a common structural feature of many of the natural products in polyketides, some of which have shown a broad range of antimicrobial and therapeutic potential. Polypropionates are composed of a carbon skeleton with alternating methyl and hydroxy groups with a specific configuration. Different approaches have been developed for the synthesis of polypropionates and herein we include, for the first time, all of the epoxide-based methodologies that have been reported over the years by several research groups such as Kishi, Katsuki, Marashall, Miyashita, Prieto, Sarabia, Jung, McDonald, etc. Several syntheses of polypropionate fragments and natural products that employed epoxides as key intermediates have been described and summarized in this review. These synthetic approaches involve enatio- and diastereoselective synthesis of epoxides (epoxy-alcohols, epoxy-amides, and epoxy-esters) and their regioselective cleavage with carbon and/or hydride nucleophiles. In addition, we included a description of the isolation and biological activities of the polypropionates and related natural products that have been synthetized using epoxide-based approaches. In conclusion, the epoxide-based methodologies are a non-aldol alternative approach for the construction of polypropionate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl R. Rodríguez-Berríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23346, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico;
| | - Stephen R. Isbel
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
| | - Alejandro Bugarin
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
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19
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Hou X, Xu H, Yuan Z, Deng Z, Fu K, Gao Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Rao Y. Structural analysis of an anthrol reductase inspires enantioselective synthesis of enantiopure hydroxycycloketones and β-halohydrins. Nat Commun 2023; 14:353. [PMID: 36681664 PMCID: PMC9867772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones, particularly, reductive desymmetrization of 2,2-disubstituted prochiral 1,3-cyclodiketones to produce enantiopure chiral alcohols is challenging. Herein, an anthrol reductase CbAR with the ability to accommodate diverse bulky substrates, like emodin, for asymmetric reduction is identified. We firstly solve crystal structures of CbAR and CbAR-Emodin complex. It reveals that Tyr210 is critical for emodin recognition and binding, as it forms a hydrogen-bond interaction with His162 and π-π stacking interactions with emodin. This ensures the correct orientation for the stereoselectivity. Then, through structure-guided engineering, variant CbAR-H162F can convert various 2,2-disubstituted 1,3-cyclodiketones and α-haloacetophenones to optically pure (2S, 3S)-ketols and (R)-β-halohydrins, respectively. More importantly, their stereoselectivity mechanisms are also well explained by the respective crystal structures of CbAR-H162F-substrate complex. Therefore, this study demonstrates that an in-depth understanding of catalytic mechanism is valuable for exploiting the promiscuity of anthrol reductases to prepare diverse enantiopure chiral alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Huibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Kai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Changmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
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20
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Ortiz E, Spinello BJ, Cho Y, Wu J, Krische MJ. Stereo- and Site-Selective Crotylation of Alcohol Proelectrophiles via Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrogen Auto-Transfer Mediated by Methylallene and Butadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212814. [PMID: 36201364 PMCID: PMC9712268 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Iodide-bound ruthenium-JOSIPHOS complexes catalyze the redox-neutral C-C coupling of primary alcohols with methylallene (1,2-butadiene) or 1,3-butadiene to form products of anti-crotylation with good to excellent levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivity. Distinct from other methods, direct crotylation of primary alcohols in the presence of unprotected secondary alcohols is possible, enabling generation of spirastrellolide B (C9-C15) and leucascandrolide A (C9-C15) substructures in significantly fewer steps than previously possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoon Cho
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
| | - Jessica Wu
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
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21
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Chen X, Dou Z, Luo T, Sun Z, Ma H, Xu G, Ni Y. Directed reconstruction of a novel ancestral alcohol dehydrogenase featuring shifted pH-profile, enhanced thermostability and expanded substrate spectrum. Bioresour Technol 2022; 363:127886. [PMID: 36067899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ancestral enzymes are promising for industrial biotechnology due to high stability and catalytic promiscuity. An effective protocol was developed for the directed resurrection of ancestral enzymes. Employing genome mining with diaryl alcohol dehydrogenase KpADH as the probe, descendant enzymes D10 and D11 were firstly identified. Then through ancestral sequence reconstruction, A64 was resurrected with a specific activity of 4.3 U·mg-1. The optimum pH of A64 was 7.5, distinct from 5.5 of D10. The T15 50 and Tm values of A64 were 57.5 °C and 61.7 °C, significantly higher than those of the descendant counterpart. Substrate spectrum of A64 was quantitively characterized with a Shannon-Wiener index of 2.38, more expanded than D10, especially, towards bulky ketones in Group A and B. A64 also exhibited higher enantioselectivity. This study provides an effective protocol for constructing of ancestral enzymes and an efficient ancestral enzyme of industrial relevance for asymmetric synthesis of chiral alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhe Dou
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianwei Luo
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zewen Sun
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guochao Xu
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ye Ni
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Jue Z, Huang Y, Qian J, Hu P. Visible Light-Induced Unactivated δ-C(sp 3 )-H Amination of Alcohols Catalyzed by Iron. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202201241. [PMID: 35916215 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed remote C(sp3 )-H amination of alcohols through 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer is developed. This protocol provides a method to generate δ-C(sp3 )-N bonds from primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols under mild conditions. A wide substrate scope and a good functional group tolerance are presented. Mechanistic studies show that a LMCT course of an Fe-OR species and a chlorine radical-induced hydrogen abstraction of an alcohol are possible to generate the alkoxy radical intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofan Jue
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yahao Huang
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Qian
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Peng Hu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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23
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Wang JZ, Sakai HA, MacMillan DWC. Alcohols as Alkylating Agents: Photoredox-Catalyzed Conjugate Alkylation via In Situ Deoxygenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207150. [PMID: 35727296 PMCID: PMC9398968 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The rapid exploration of sp3 -enriched chemical space is facilitated by fragment-coupling technologies that utilize simple and abundant alkyl precursors, among which alcohols are a highly desirable, commercially accessible, and synthetically versatile class of substrate. Herein, we describe an operationally convenient, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-mediated deoxygenative Giese-type addition of alcohol-derived alkyl radicals to electron-deficient alkenes under mild photocatalytic conditions. The fragment coupling accommodates a broad range of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol partners, as well as structurally varied Michael acceptors containing traditionally reactive sites, such as electrophilic or oxidizable moieties. We demonstrate the late-stage diversification of densely functionalized molecular architectures, including drugs and biomolecules, and we further telescope our protocol with metallaphotoredox cross-coupling for step-economic access to sp3 -rich complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Z Wang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Holt A Sakai
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Łucak K, Kramarczyk D, Janus O, Pawlus S. How differences in the molecular structure of monohydroxy alcohols affect the tendency to crystallization. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2022; 45:64. [PMID: 35917038 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tendency to crystallize was studied in the selected monohydroxy alcohols: 1-chloro-2-methyl-2-propanol, 1-chloro-2-propanol, 3-chloro-1-propanol, and 8-chloro-1-octanol. Performed calorimetric measurements have proved that the differences in structures of tested alcohols influence the tendency to crystallization. At a sufficiently fast heating rate, no crystallization was observed in the case of 1-chloro-2-propanol and 3-chloro-1-propanol, contrary to other two alcohols. The obtained results suggest that elongation of the alkyl chain or adding a methyl group to the hydrocarbon backbone increases the susceptibility to crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Łucak
- Institute of Physics of the University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Daniel Kramarczyk
- Institute of Physics of the University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Oliwia Janus
- Institute of Physics of the University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Sebastian Pawlus
- Institute of Physics of the University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
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van Putten R, Eyke NS, Baumgartner LM, Schultz VL, Filonenko GA, Jensen KF, Pidko EA. Automation and Microfluidics for the Efficient, Fast, and Focused Reaction Development of Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalysis. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202200333. [PMID: 35470567 PMCID: PMC9401021 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Automation and microfluidic tools potentially enable efficient, fast, and focused reaction development of complex chemistries, while minimizing resource- and material consumption. The introduction of automation-assisted workflows will contribute to the more sustainable development and scale-up of new and improved catalytic technologies. Herein, the application of automation and microfluidics to the development of a complex asymmetric hydrogenation reaction is described. Screening and optimization experiments were performed using an automated microfluidic platform, which enabled a drastic reduction in the material consumption compared to conventional laboratory practices. A suitable catalytic system was identified from a library of RuII -diamino precatalysts. In situ precatalyst activation was studied with 1 H/31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the reaction was scaled up to multigram quantities in a batch autoclave. These reactions were monitored using an automated liquid-phase sampling system. Ultimately, in less than a week of total experimental time, multigram quantities of the target enantiopure alcohol product were provided by this automation-assisted approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert van Putten
- Inorganic Systems EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftNetherlands
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Avenue02139CambridgeMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Natalie S. Eyke
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Avenue02139CambridgeMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Lorenz M. Baumgartner
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Avenue02139CambridgeMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Victor L. Schultz
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Avenue02139CambridgeMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Georgy A. Filonenko
- Inorganic Systems EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftNetherlands
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Avenue02139CambridgeMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Inorganic Systems EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftNetherlands
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Raičević D, Popović T, Jančić D, Šuković D, Pajović-Šćepanović R. The Impact of Type of Brandy on the Volatile Aroma Compounds and Sensory Properties of Grape Brandy in Montenegro. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092974. [PMID: 35566323 PMCID: PMC9102856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study that examined the impact of grape variety on the volatile aroma compounds and sensory properties of standard and Muscat grape brandy produced in the Podgorica sub-region (Montenegro) in vintages 2011, 2012, and 2013. The brandies were prepared by the distillation of crushed grapes, from the autochthonous varieties of Vranac and Kratošija, and Muscat grapes, in a traditional copper alembic, under the same conditions. The gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method of 82 volatile aroma compounds that belong to the group (alcohols, volatile acids, volatile esters, terpenes, volatile aldehydes, acetals, ethers, ketones, and alkanes) and an evaluation of the sensory properties of brandies were carried out to determine the typical characteristics of the examined brandies. Alcohols, fatty acid esters, and terpene compound contents were significantly more abundant in all Muscat grape brandies compared to the brandies from the Vranac and Kratošija wine varieties (Standard brandy). Research results revealed that variety had a significant impact on the volatile aroma compound and sensory properties of brandy. The varietal effect was also confirmed, by multivariate analysis, based on the aroma volatile composition, which showed a grouping by type of grape brandy (varietal origin). Sensory analyses showed that all the brandies belonged to the category of high-quality brandies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Raičević
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Mihaila Lalica 1, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro; (T.P.); (R.P.-Š.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tatjana Popović
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Mihaila Lalica 1, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro; (T.P.); (R.P.-Š.)
| | - Dejan Jančić
- LLC Center for Ecotoxicological Research Podgorica, Bulevar Šarla de Gola 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro; (D.J.); (D.Š.)
| | - Danijela Šuković
- LLC Center for Ecotoxicological Research Podgorica, Bulevar Šarla de Gola 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro; (D.J.); (D.Š.)
| | - Radmila Pajović-Šćepanović
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Mihaila Lalica 1, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro; (T.P.); (R.P.-Š.)
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Becher M, Lichtinger A, Minikejew R, Vogel M, Rössler EA. NMR Relaxometry Accessing the Relaxation Spectrum in Molecular Glass Formers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095118. [PMID: 35563506 PMCID: PMC9105706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a longstanding question whether universality or specificity characterize the molecular dynamics underlying the glass transition of liquids. In particular, there is an ongoing debate to what degree the shape of dynamical susceptibilities is common to various molecular glass formers. Traditionally, results from dielectric spectroscopy and light scattering have dominated the discussion. Here, we show that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), primarily field-cycling relaxometry, has evolved into a valuable method, which provides access to both translational and rotational motions, depending on the probe nucleus. A comparison of 1H NMR results indicates that translation is more retarded with respect to rotation for liquids with fully established hydrogen-bond networks; however, the effect is not related to the slow Debye process of, for example, monohydroxy alcohols. As for the reorientation dynamics, the NMR susceptibilities of the structural (α) relaxation usually resemble those of light scattering, while the dielectric spectra of especially polar liquids have a different broadening, likely due to contributions from cross correlations between different molecules. Moreover, NMR relaxometry confirms that the excess wing on the high-frequency flank of the α-process is a generic relaxation feature of liquids approaching the glass transition. However, the relevance of this feature generally differs between various methods, possibly because of their different sensitivities to small-amplitude motions. As a major advantage, NMR is isotope specific; hence, it enables selective studies on a particular molecular entity or a particular component of a liquid mixture. Exploiting these possibilities, we show that the characteristic Cole-Davidson shape of the α-relaxation is retained in various ionic liquids and salt solutions, but the width parameter may differ for the components. In contrast, the low-frequency flank of the α-relaxation can be notably broadened for liquids in nanoscopic confinements. This effect also occurs in liquid mixtures with a prominent dynamical disparity in their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Becher
- Nordbayerisches NMR Zentrum, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.B.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Anne Lichtinger
- Nordbayerisches NMR Zentrum, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.B.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Rafael Minikejew
- Nordbayerisches NMR Zentrum, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.B.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Ernst A. Rössler
- Nordbayerisches NMR Zentrum, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.B.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Feng MX, Jin XQ, Yao H, Zhu TY, Guo SH, Li S, Lei YL, Xing ZG, Zhao XH, Xu TF, Meng JF. Evolution of volatile profile and aroma potential of 'Gold Finger' table grapes during berry ripening. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:291-298. [PMID: 34096061 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Gold Finger' is a grape cultivar with a finger-like shape and a milk flavor. The process by which its aroma profile evolves during ripening is unclear. Thus, changes in the free and bound volatile compounds present in 'Gold Finger' grapes during ripening were investigated using headspace sampling-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HS-SPME-GC-MS). RESULTS A total of 83 volatile aroma components were identified in the grapes, with aldehydes, esters, acids, and alcohols being the main components. The total aroma compound content exhibited significant differences between the bound and free forms. The total content of bound volatile compounds did not change significantly during fruit development, although the free aroma compound content was significantly higher than the bound content. The total content of free aldehydes, free alcohols, bound norisoprenoids, and ketones gradually increased for up to 70 days after flowering (DAF), while the total free ester, terpene, and acid content decreased. The characteristic aroma compounds of 'Gold Finger' grapes were identified as hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, and ethyl hexanoate. CONCLUSIONS These results give a foundation for the further development of 'Gold Finger' grapes and provide a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of novel aromatic grape varieties. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xin Feng
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xu-Qiao Jin
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Heng Yao
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tong-Yao Zhu
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shui-Huan Guo
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yu-Lu Lei
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhi-Gan Xing
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xian-Hua Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Enology, Taishan University, Taian, China
| | - Teng-Fei Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Meng
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Northwest A&F University, Heyang, China
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Bracalente F, Sabatini M, Arabolaza A, Gramajo H. Escherichia coli coculture for de novo production of esters derived of methyl-branched alcohols and multi-methyl branched fatty acids. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:10. [PMID: 35033081 PMCID: PMC8760833 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A broad diversity of natural and non-natural esters have now been made in bacteria, and in other microorganisms, as a result of original metabolic engineering approaches. However, the fact that the properties of these molecules, and therefore their applications, are largely defined by the structural features of the fatty acid and alcohol moieties, has driven a persistent interest in generating novel structures of these chemicals. RESULTS In this research, we engineered Escherichia coli to synthesize de novo esters composed of multi-methyl-branched-chain fatty acids and short branched-chain alcohols (BCA), from glucose and propionate. A coculture engineering strategy was developed to avoid metabolic burden generated by the reconstitution of long heterologous biosynthetic pathways. The cocultures were composed of two independently optimized E. coli strains, one dedicated to efficiently achieve the biosynthesis and release of the BCA, and the other to synthesize the multi methyl-branched fatty acid and the corresponding multi-methyl-branched esters (MBE) as the final products. Response surface methodology, a cost-efficient multivariate statistical technique, was used to empirical model the BCA-derived MBE production landscape of the coculture and to optimize its productivity. Compared with the monoculture strategy, the utilization of the designed coculture improved the BCA-derived MBE production in 45%. Finally, the coculture was scaled up in a high-cell density fed-batch fermentation in a 2 L bioreactor by fine-tuning the inoculation ratio between the two engineered E. coli strains. CONCLUSION Previous work revealed that esters containing multiple methyl branches in their molecule present favorable physicochemical properties which are superior to those of linear esters. Here, we have successfully engineered an E. coli strain to broaden the diversity of these molecules by incorporating methyl branches also in the alcohol moiety. The limited production of these esters by a monoculture was considerable improved by a design of a coculture system and its optimization using response surface methodology. The possibility to scale-up this process was confirmed in high-cell density fed-batch fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bracalente
- Microbiology Division, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular Y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Martín Sabatini
- Microbiology Division, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular Y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ana Arabolaza
- Microbiology Division, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular Y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Hugo Gramajo
- Microbiology Division, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular Y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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Hernández-Huerta E, Flores-Álamo M, Iglesias-Arteaga MA. A straightforward one-pot two-step conversion of bile acids into dehomologated alcohols. Steroids 2021; 176:108917. [PMID: 34520798 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation of dichloroethane solutions of different bile acids with diacetoxy(iodobenzene) and iodine followed by treatment of the resulting raw mixture with MCPBA led to the 41-50% yields of the corresponding dehomologated alcohols in an uncomplicated one-pot protocol that can be completed in less than one day of work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Flores-Álamo
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
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Saleh B, Ding T, Wang Y, Zheng X, Liu R, He L. Analytical Separation of Closantel Enantiomers by HPLC. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237288. [PMID: 34885866 PMCID: PMC8659055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Closantel is an antiparasitic drug marketed in a racemic form with one chiral center. It is meaningful to develop a method for separating and analyzing the closantel enantiomers. In this work, two enantiomeric separation methods of closantel were explored by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The influences of the chiral stationary phase (CSP) structure, the mobile phase composition, the nature and proportion of different mobile phase modifiers (alcohols and acids), and the column temperature on the enantiomeric separation of closantel were investigated in detail. The two enantiomers were successfully separated on the novel CSP of isopropyl derivatives of cyclofructan 6 and n-hexane-isopropanol-trifluoroacetic acid (97:3:0.1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase with a resolution (Rs) of about 2.48. The enantiomers were also well separated on the CSP of tris-carbamates of amylose with a higher Rs (about 3.79) when a mixture of n-hexane-isopropanol-trifluoroacetic acid (55:45:0.1, v/v/v) was used as mobile phase. Thus, the proposed separation methods can facilitate molecular pharmacological and biological research on closantel and its enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Saleh
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.S.); (T.D.); (X.Z.)
- Directorate of Veterinary Medicine, General Organization of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Port Said 42511, Egypt
| | - Tongyan Ding
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.S.); (T.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center for Domestic Animal Products Guangzhou, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Xiantong Zheng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.S.); (T.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Rong Liu
- Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center for Domestic Animal Products Guangzhou, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Limin He
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.S.); (T.D.); (X.Z.)
- Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center for Domestic Animal Products Guangzhou, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-85280237; Fax: +86-20-85284896
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Luque R, ALOthman ZA, Balu AM, Voskressensky L. Heterogeneous Catalysis to Drive the Waste-to-Pharma Concept: From Furanics to Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Molecules 2021; 26:6738. [PMID: 34771146 PMCID: PMC8587078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A perspective on the use of heterogeneous catalysis to drive the waste-to-pharma concept is provided in this contribution based on the conversion of furanics to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The provided overview of the concept in this perspective article has been exemplified for two key molecule examples: Ancarolol and Furosemide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain;
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zeid A. ALOthman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alina M. Balu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Leonid Voskressensky
- Department of Chemistry, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
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Di Serio MG, Giansante L, Del Re P, Pollastri L, Panni F, Valli E, Di Giacinto L. Characterization of 'Olivastro di Bucchianico cv' extra virgin olive oils and its recognition by HS-GC-IMS. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:6074-6082. [PMID: 33899234 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single cultivar 'Olivastro di Bucchianico' extra virgin olive oil is obtained from olives cultivated in a narrow area of the Abruzzo region, Italy. This cultivar is mostly present in the municipality of Bucchianico and in some neighbouring municipalities in the province of Chieti. There is very little research in the literature describing the morphological and chemical characteristics of this cultivar. RESULTS A morphological characterization of the plant and the fruit was carried out. In addition, we characterized the chemical, physical-chemical and sensory properties of the extra virgin olive oil. The following analyses were conducted: free acidity, peroxide value, ultraviolet spectrophotometric indices, contents in fatty acid ethyl esters, waxes, tocopherols, fatty acids, triglycerides, sterols, alcohols, phenolic substances, volatile compounds and sensory profile. The analysis of the volatile compounds was performed using a headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) instrument connected to a nitrogen generator for carrier/drift gas production. CONCLUSION The results of the chemical analyses showed good levels of nutraceutical components in the oils, which were found to be organoleptically well balanced with medium values of fruity, bitter and pungent. The HS-GC-IMS method based on the analysis of 15 volatile molecules might be a useful tool for a chemometric discrimination of the varietal origin for the oils under investigation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Di Serio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis - Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Head Office Pescara, Cepagatti, Pescara, 65012, Italy
| | - Lucia Giansante
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis - Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Head Office Pescara, Cepagatti, Pescara, 65012, Italy
| | - Paolo Del Re
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis - Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Head Office Pescara, Cepagatti, Pescara, 65012, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Panni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Enrico Valli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Luciana Di Giacinto
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis - Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Head Office Pescara, Cepagatti, Pescara, 65012, Italy
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Bento-Silva A, Duarte N, Belo M, Mecha E, Carbas B, Brites C, Vaz Patto MC, Bronze MR. Shedding Light on the Volatile Composition of Broa, a Traditional Portuguese Maize Bread. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101396. [PMID: 34680029 PMCID: PMC8533067 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Portugal, maize has been used for centuries to produce an ethnic bread called broa, employing traditional maize varieties, which are preferred by the consumers in detriment of commercial hybrids. In order to evaluate the maize volatiles that can influence consumers’ acceptance of broas, twelve broas were prepared from twelve maize varieties (eleven traditional and one commercial hybrid), following a traditional recipe. All maize flours and broas were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS (headspace solid-phase microextraction) and broas were appraised by a consumer sensory panel. In addition, the major soluble phenolics and total carotenoids contents were quantitated in order to evaluate their influence as precursors or inhibitors of volatile compounds. Results showed that the major volatiles detected in maize flours and broas were aldehydes and alcohols, derived from lipid oxidation, and some ketones derived from carotenoids’ oxidation. Both lipid and carotenoids’ oxidation reactions appeared to be inhibited by soluble phenolics. In contrast, phenolic compounds appeared to increase browning reactions during bread making and, consequently, the production of pyranones. Traditional samples, especially those with higher contents in pyranones and lower contents in aldehydes, were preferred by the consumer sensory panel. These findings suggest that, without awareness, consumers prefer broas prepared from traditional maize flours with higher contents in health-promoting phenolic compounds, reinforcing the importance of preserving these valuable genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Bento-Silva
- FCT NOVA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.B.); (E.M.); (M.C.V.P.)
- DCFM, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- iMed.ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Noélia Duarte
- iMed.ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Maria Belo
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.B.); (E.M.); (M.C.V.P.)
| | - Elsa Mecha
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.B.); (E.M.); (M.C.V.P.)
| | - Bruna Carbas
- INIAV, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (B.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Carla Brites
- INIAV, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (B.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Maria Carlota Vaz Patto
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.B.); (E.M.); (M.C.V.P.)
| | - Maria Rosário Bronze
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.B.); (E.M.); (M.C.V.P.)
- iMed.ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, Estação Agronómica Nacional, Apartado 12, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
The selective tagging of amino acids within a peptide framework while using atom-economical C-H counterparts poses an unmet challenge within peptide chemistry. Herein, we report a novel Pd-catalyzed late-stage C-H acylation of a collection of Tyr-containing peptides with alcohols. This water-compatible labeling technique is distinguished by its reliable scalability and features the use of ethanol as a renewable feedstock for the assembly of a variety of peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Urruzuno
- Department
of Organic Chemistry I, University of the
Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Joxe Mari Korta
R&D Center, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Paula Andrade-Sampedro
- Department
of Organic Chemistry I, University of the
Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Joxe Mari Korta
R&D Center, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Correa
- Department
of Organic Chemistry I, University of the
Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Joxe Mari Korta
R&D Center, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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36
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Pérez de Carvasal K, Riccardi C, Russo Krauss I, Cavasso D, Vasseur JJ, Smietana M, Morvan F, Montesarchio D. Charge-Transfer Interactions Stabilize G-Quadruplex-Forming Thrombin Binding Aptamers and Can Improve Their Anticoagulant Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9510. [PMID: 34502432 PMCID: PMC8430690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for optimized thrombin binding aptamers (TBAs), we herein describe the synthesis of a library of TBA analogues obtained by end-functionalization with the electron-rich 1,5-dialkoxy naphthalene (DAN) and the electron-deficient 1,8,4,5-naphthalenetetra-carboxylic diimide (NDI) moieties. Indeed, when these G-rich oligonucleotides were folded into the peculiar TBA G-quadruplex (G4) structure, effective donor-acceptor charge transfer interactions between the DAN and NDI residues attached to the extremities of the sequence were induced, providing pseudo-cyclic structures. Alternatively, insertion of NDI groups at both extremities produced TBA analogues stabilized by π-π stacking interactions. All the doubly-modified TBAs were characterized by different biophysical techniques and compared with the analogues carrying only the DAN or NDI residue and unmodified TBA. These modified TBAs exhibited higher nuclease resistance, and their G4 structures were markedly stabilized, as evidenced by increased Tm values compared to TBA. These favorable properties were also associated with improved anticoagulant activity for one DAN/NDI-modified TBA, and for one NDI/NDI-modified TBA. Our results indicated that TBA pseudo-cyclic structuring by ad hoc designed end-functionalization represents an efficient approach to improve the aptamer features, while pre-organizing and stabilizing the G4 structure but allowing sufficient flexibility to the aptamer folding, which is necessary for optimal thrombin recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévan Pérez de Carvasal
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (K.P.d.C.); (J.-J.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (I.R.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Irene Russo Krauss
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (I.R.K.); (D.C.)
- CSGI—Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Domenico Cavasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (I.R.K.); (D.C.)
- CSGI—Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (K.P.d.C.); (J.-J.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Smietana
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (K.P.d.C.); (J.-J.V.); (M.S.)
| | - François Morvan
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (K.P.d.C.); (J.-J.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (I.R.K.); (D.C.)
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Liu J, Zhu L, Wang B, Wang H, Khan I, Zhang S, Wen J, Ma C, Dai C, Tu J, Shen J, Yi B, Fu T. BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4 are redundantly involved in branched primary alcohols in the cuticle wax of Brassica napus. Theor Appl Genet 2021; 134:3051-3067. [PMID: 34120211 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mutations BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4 produce disordered wax crystals types and alter the composition of epidermal wax, causing increased cuticular permeability and sclerotium resistance. The aerial surfaces of land plants are coated with a cuticle, comprised of cutin and wax, which is a hydrophobic barrier for preventing uncontrolled water loss and environmental damage. However, the mechanisms by which cuticle components are formed are still unknown in Brassica napus L. and were therefore assessed here. BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4, encoding fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductases localizing to the endoplasmic reticulum and highly expressed in leaves, were identified and functionally characterized. Expression of BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4 cDNA in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) induced the accumulation of primary alcohols with chain lengths of 26 carbons. The mutant line Nilla glossy2 exhibited reduced wax crystal types, and wax composition analysis showed that the levels of branched primary alcohols were decreased, whereas those of the other branched components were increased. Further analysis showed that the mutant had reduced water retention but enhanced resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Collectively, our study reports that BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4 are fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase genes in B. napus with a preference for branched substrates that participate in the biosynthesis of anteiso-primary alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Benqi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Spinello BJ, Wu J, Cho Y, Krische MJ. Conversion of Primary Alcohols and Butadiene to Branched Ketones via Merged Transfer Hydrogenative Carbonyl Addition-Redox Isomerization Catalyzed by Rhodium. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13507-13512. [PMID: 34415159 PMCID: PMC8739284 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of rhodium-catalyzed carbonyl addition via hydrogen autotransfer are described, as illustrated in tandem butadiene-mediated carbonyl addition-redox isomerizations that directly convert primary alcohols to isobutyl ketones. Related reductive coupling-redox isomerizations of aldehyde reactants mediated by sodium formate also are reported. A double-labeling crossover experiment reveals that the rhodium alkoxide obtained upon carbonyl addition enacts redox isomerization without dissociation of rhodium at any intervening stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Spinello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jessica Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yoon Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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39
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Tomé-Rodríguez S, Ledesma-Escobar CA, Penco-Valenzuela JM, Priego-Capote F. Influence of the fatty acid profile on the volatile components of virgin olive oil subjected to thermal stress. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4829-4837. [PMID: 33502792 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virgin olive oil (VOO) is greatly appreciated for its organoleptic features, which can be ascribed mainly to the presence of very chemically diverse volatile components. It is well known that the VOO volatile fraction depends strongly on different aspects, which encompass genetic, agronomic, processing, and post-processing factors. In this research, we developed a method for the qualitative and semiquantitative determination of volatile components in VOOs subjected to thermal stress by headspace extraction online coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). RESULTS The method was applied to 100 extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) samples, which led to the tentative identification of 52 volatile components, including 12 alcohols, 17 aldehydes, three ketones, one ether, two furans, two carboxylic acids, and 15 hydrocarbons. The method was used to study the cultivar effect and the main biochemical pathways involved in the synthesis of volatile compounds, with special emphasis on those formed by degradation of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs). Principal component analysis (PCA), explaining 76.7% of the total variability, showed that the volatile profile of EVOOs subjected to thermal stress allowed discriminating samples from different cultivars. CONCLUSION Volatiles detected in EVOOs subjected to thermal stress with the highest contribution to discrimination between the selected cultivars were correlated with the concentration of the three main FAs in VOO, namely oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. The FA profile seems to be especially relevant to explain the concentration of certain volatile compounds with direct incidence on the organoleptic properties. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tomé-Rodríguez
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos A Ledesma-Escobar
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Penco-Valenzuela
- Spanish Association of Olive Producing Municipalities (AEMO), Campus Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Feliciano Priego-Capote
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Worch JC, Stubbs CJ, Price MJ, Dove AP. Click Nucleophilic Conjugate Additions to Activated Alkynes: Exploring Thiol-yne, Amino-yne, and Hydroxyl-yne Reactions from (Bio)Organic to Polymer Chemistry. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6744-6776. [PMID: 33764739 PMCID: PMC8227514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The 1,4-conjugate addition reaction between activated alkynes or acetylenic Michael acceptors and nucleophiles (i.e., the nucleophilic Michael reaction) is a historically useful organic transformation. Despite its general utility, the efficiency and outcomes can vary widely and are often closely dependent upon specific reaction conditions. Nevertheless, with improvements in reaction design, including catalyst development and an expansion of the substrate scope to feature more electrophilic alkynes, many examples now present with features that are congruent with Click chemistry. Although several nucleophilic species can participate in these conjugate additions, ubiquitous nucleophiles such as thiols, amines, and alcohols are commonly employed and, consequently, among the most well developed. For many years, these conjugate additions were largely relegated to organic chemistry, but in the last few decades their use has expanded into other spheres such as bioorganic chemistry and polymer chemistry. Within these fields, they have been particularly useful for bioconjugation reactions and step-growth polymerizations, respectively, due to their excellent efficiency, orthogonality, and ambient reactivity. The reaction is expected to feature in increasingly divergent application settings as it continues to emerge as a Click reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Worch
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Connor J. Stubbs
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Price
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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41
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Abstract
Automated chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides is of fundamental importance for the production of primers for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for oligonucleotide-based drugs, and for numerous other medical and biotechnological applications. The highly optimised automised chemical oligonucleotide synthesis relies upon phosphoramidites as the phosphate precursors and one of the drawbacks of this technology is the poor bench stability of phosphoramidites. Here, we report on the development of an on-demand flow synthesis of phosphoramidites from their corresponding alcohols, which is accomplished with short reaction times, near-quantitative yields and without the need of purification before being submitted directly to automated oligonucleotide synthesis. Sterically hindered as well as redox unstable phosphoramidites are synthesised using this methodology and the subsequent couplings are near-quantitative for all substrates. The vision for this technology is direct integration into DNA synthesisers thereby omitting manual synthesis and storage of phosphoramidites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F Sandahl
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thuy J D Nguyen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rikke A Hansen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin B Johansen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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42
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Shi Y, Qi M. Separation performance of the copolymer and homopolymer of aliphatic polycarbonate diols as the stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462223. [PMID: 34038781 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the investigation of two aliphatic polycarbonate diols (CAPC and HAPC) as the stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography (GC). The CAPC and HAPC capillary columns showed moderate polarity and high column efficiency of 3704 - 4545 plates/m measured by n-octanol and naphthalene at 120 °C. It was found that despite their similar chemical compositions, CAPC and HAPC differ largely in their selectivity towards the isomers of alkanes, methylpyridines and xylenes. As demonstrated, the CAPC column exhibits advantageous comprehensive performance over the HAPC column and the commercial PEG column. Particularly, the CAPC column exhibits higher resolving performance towards the isomers indicated above and the Grob mixture than the HAPC column. Also, it shows distinct advantages over the PEG column in separating the Grob mixture, the isomers of diethylbenzenes and cymenes, and practical analysis of chemical products and the essential oil from the leaves of Rhododendron dauricum L. Additionally, the CAPC column has excellent repeatability and reproducibility on analyte retention times with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values in the range of 0.05% - 0.08% for run-to-run, 0.12% - 0.19% for day-to-day and 2.6% - 4.9% for column-to-column, respectively. Its applications to purity test of chemical products and GC-MS analysis of the essential oil demonstrate its promising future for practical GC analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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43
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Jabłońska-Wawrzycka A, Rogala P, Czerwonka G, Michałkiewicz S, Hodorowicz M, Gałczyńska K, Cieślak B, Kowalczyk P. Tuning Anti-Biofilm Activity of Manganese(II) Complexes: Linking Biological Effectiveness of Heteroaromatic Complexes of Alcohol, Aldehyde, Ketone, and Carboxylic Acid with Structural Effects and Redox Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094847. [PMID: 34063691 PMCID: PMC8124774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The constantly growing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and other antibacterial substances has led us to an era in which alternative antimicrobial therapies are urgently required. One promising approach is to target bacterial pathogens using metal complexes. Therefore, we investigated the possibility of utilizing series of manganese(II) complexes with heteroaromatic ligands: Alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, and carboxylic acid as inhibitors for biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To complete the series mentioned above, Mn-dipyCO-NO3 with dipyridin-2-ylmethanone (dipyCO) was isolated, and then structurally (single-crystal X-ray analysis) and physicochemically characterized (FT-IR, TG, CV, magnetic susceptibility). The antibacterial activity of the compounds against representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was also evaluated. It is worth highlighting that the results of the cytotoxicity assays performed (MTT, DHI HoloMonitorM4) indicate high cell viability of the human fibroblast (VH10) in the presence of the Mn(II) complexes. Additionally, the inhibition effect of catalase activity by the complexes was studied. This paper focused on such aspects as studying different types of intermolecular interactions in the crystals of the Mn(II) complexes as well as their possible effect on anti-biofilm activity, the structure-activity relationship of the Mn(II) complexes, and regularity between the electrochemical properties of the Mn(II) complexes and anti-biofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jabłońska-Wawrzycka
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.R.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Patrycja Rogala
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Czerwonka
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (G.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Sławomir Michałkiewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Maciej Hodorowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Gałczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (G.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Beata Cieślak
- Labsoft Sp. z o.o., 469 Puławska Str., 02-844 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Instytucka Str., 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland;
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Baye AM, Ababu A, Bayisa R, Abdella M, Diriba E, Wale M, Selam MN. Perspectives of compounding pharmacists on alcohol-based hand sanitizer production and utilization for COVID-19 prevention in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A descriptive phenomenology study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250020. [PMID: 33914768 PMCID: PMC8084187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the safety of patients and healthcare providers is at risk due to health care-associated infections (HCAIs). World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend using alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) for hand hygiene in healthcare settings to prevent HCAIs. Irrational use of ABHR will have undesirable consequences including wastage of products, exposure of healthcare providers to infections and emergence of microbial resistance to the alcohol in hand sanitizers. This study aimed to explore the perspective and experiences of compounding pharmacists on production and utilization of ABHR solution for coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) prevention in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS A descriptive qualitative study using in-depth interview of 13 key-informants serving as compounding pharmacists in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was conducted. The study participants were identified and selected by purposive sampling. All transcribed interviews were subjected to thematic analysis and transcripts were analyzed manually. FINDINGS The compounding pharmacists in this study had a mean age of 30.6 (±3.1) years and nine of the thirteen participants were men. Ten participants believed that the compounding practice in their respective sites followed the principles of good compounding practice. More than half of the participants did not believe that ABHR products were used rationally in health facilities. They argued that users did not have enough awareness when and how to use sanitizers. Most of the interviewees reported that compounding personnel had no formal training on ABHR solution production. Study participants suggested incentive mechanisms and reimbursements for experts involved in the compounding of ABHR solutions. CONCLUSION Three of the compounding pharmacists indicated that ABHR production in their setting lack compliance to good compounding practice due to inadequate compounding room, quality control tests, manpower and equipment. Despite this, most study participants preferred the in-house ABHR products than the commercially available ones. Thus, training, regular monitoring and follow-up of the hospital compounding services can further build staff confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assefa Mulu Baye
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Andualem Ababu
- Pharmaceutical and Medical Equipment Directorate (PMED), Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Regasa Bayisa
- Pharmaceutical and Medical Equipment Directorate (PMED), Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mahdi Abdella
- Pharmaceutical and Medical Equipment Directorate (PMED), Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Edessa Diriba
- Pharmaceutical and Medical Equipment Directorate (PMED), Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Minyechel Wale
- All African Leprosy, Tuberculosis Rehabilitation and Training Center (ALERT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Nigatu Selam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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45
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Tjallinks G, Martin C, Fraaije MW. Enantioselective oxidation of secondary alcohols by the flavoprotein alcohol oxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 704:108888. [PMID: 33910055 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective oxidation of secondary alcohols represents a valuable approach for the synthesis of optically pure compounds. Flavoprotein oxidases can catalyse such selective transformations by merely using oxygen as electron acceptor. While many flavoprotein oxidases preferably act on primary alcohols, the FAD-containing alcohol oxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was found to be able to perform kinetic resolutions of several secondary alcohols. By selective oxidation of the (S)-alcohols, the (R)-alcohols were obtained in high enantiopurity. In silico docking studies were carried out in order to substantiate the observed (S)-selectivity. Several hydrophobic and aromatic residues in the substrate binding site create a cavity in which the substrates can comfortably undergo van der Waals and pi-stacking interactions. Consequently, oxidation of the secondary alcohols is restricted to one of the two enantiomers. This study has uncovered the ability of an FAD-containing alcohol oxidase, that is known for oxidizing small primary alcohols, to perform enantioselective oxidations of various secondary alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Tjallinks
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Caterina Martin
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Johnson DJG, Jenkins ID, Huxley C, Coster MJ, Lum KY, White JM, Avery VM, Davis RA. Synthesis of New Triazolopyrazine Antimalarial Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092421. [PMID: 33919319 PMCID: PMC8122397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A radical approach to late-stage functionalization using photoredox and Diversinate™ chemistry on the Open Source Malaria (OSM) triazolopyrazine scaffold (Series 4) resulted in the synthesis of 12 new analogues, which were characterized by NMR, UV, and MS data analysis. The structures of four triazolopyrazines were confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Several minor and unexpected side products were generated during these studies, including two resulting from a possible disproportionation reaction. All compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 and Dd2 strains) and for cytotoxicity against a human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line. Moderate antimalarial activity was observed for some of the compounds, with IC50 values ranging from 0.3 to >20 µM; none of the compounds displayed any toxicity against HEK293 at 80 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. G. Johnson
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (D.J.G.J.); (I.D.J.); (C.H.); (M.J.C.); (K.Y.L.); (V.M.A.)
| | - Ian D. Jenkins
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (D.J.G.J.); (I.D.J.); (C.H.); (M.J.C.); (K.Y.L.); (V.M.A.)
| | - Cohan Huxley
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (D.J.G.J.); (I.D.J.); (C.H.); (M.J.C.); (K.Y.L.); (V.M.A.)
| | - Mark J. Coster
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (D.J.G.J.); (I.D.J.); (C.H.); (M.J.C.); (K.Y.L.); (V.M.A.)
| | - Kah Yean Lum
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (D.J.G.J.); (I.D.J.); (C.H.); (M.J.C.); (K.Y.L.); (V.M.A.)
- NatureBank, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Vicky M. Avery
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (D.J.G.J.); (I.D.J.); (C.H.); (M.J.C.); (K.Y.L.); (V.M.A.)
- Discovery Biology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Rohan A. Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (D.J.G.J.); (I.D.J.); (C.H.); (M.J.C.); (K.Y.L.); (V.M.A.)
- NatureBank, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3735-6043
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Plapp BV, Subramanian R. Alternative binding modes in abortive NADH-alcohol complexes of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 701:108825. [PMID: 33675814 PMCID: PMC7980771 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes typically have high specificity for their substrates, but the structures of substrates and products differ, and multiple modes of binding are observed. In this study, high resolution X-ray crystallography of complexes with NADH and alcohols show alternative modes of binding in the active site. Enzyme crystallized with the good substrates NAD+ and 4-methylbenzyl alcohol was found to be an abortive complex of NADH with 4-methylbenzyl alcohol rotated to a "non-productive" mode as compared to the structures that resemble reactive Michaelis complexes with NAD+ and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol or 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcohol. The NADH is formed by reduction of the NAD+ with the alcohol during the crystallization. The same structure was also formed by directly crystallizing the enzyme with NADH and 4-methylbenzyl alcohol. Crystals prepared with NAD+ and 4-bromobenzyl alcohol also form the abortive complex with NADH. Surprisingly, crystals prepared with NAD+ and the strong inhibitor 1H,1H-heptafluorobutanol also had NADH, and the alcohol was bound in two different conformations that illustrate binding flexibility. Oxidation of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol during the crystallization apparently led to reduction of the NAD+. Kinetic studies show that high concentrations of alcohols can bind to the enzyme-NADH complex and activate or inhibit the enzyme. Together with previous studies on complexes with NADH and formamide analogues of the carbonyl substrates, models for the Michaelis complexes with NAD+-alcohol and NADH-aldehyde are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce V Plapp
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Witkin JM, Cerne R, Newman AH, Izenwasser S, Smith JL, Tortella FC. N-Substituted-3-alkoxy-derivatives of dextromethorphan are functional NMDA receptor antagonists in vivo: Evidence from an NMDA-induced seizure model in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 203:173154. [PMID: 33609599 PMCID: PMC9659398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interest in developing NMDA receptor antagonists with reduced side-effects for neurological and psychiatric disorders has been re-energized by the recent introduction of esketamine into clinical practice for treatment-resistant depression. Structural analogs of dextromethorphan bind with low affinity to the NMDA receptor ion channel, have functional effects in vivo, and generally display a lower propensity for side-effects than that of ketamine and other higher affinity antagonists. As such, the aim of the present study was to determine whether a series of N-substituted-3-alkoxy-substituted dextromethorphan analogs produce their anticonvulsant effects through NMDA receptor blockade. Compounds were studied against NMDA-induced seizures in rats. Compounds were administered intracerebroventricularly in order to mitigate confounds of drug metabolism that arise from systemic administration. Comparison of the anticonvulsant potencies to their affinities for NMDA, σ1, and σ2 binding sites were made in order to evaluate the contribution of these receptors to anticonvulsant efficacy. The potencies to block convulsions were positively associated with their affinities to bind to the NMDA receptor ion channel ([3H]-TCP binding) (r = 0.71, p < 0.05) but not to σ1 receptors ([3H]-SKF 10047 binding) (r = -0.31, p = 0.46) or to σ2 receptors ([3H]-DTG binding) (p = -0.38, p = 0.36). This is the first report demonstrating that these dextromethorphan analogs are functional NMDA receptor antagonists in vivo. Given their potential therapeutic utility and favorable side-effect profiles, such low affinity NMDA receptor antagonists could be considered for further development in neurological (e.g., anticonvulsant) and psychiatric (e.g., antidepressant) disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Witkin
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Rok Cerne
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amy H Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sari Izenwasser
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jodi L Smith
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Frank C Tortella
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Molecular Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Kim YE, Cho H, Lim YJ, Kim C, Lee SH. One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Multisubstituted 1-Alkoxyindoles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051466. [PMID: 33800380 PMCID: PMC7962848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on a one-pot synthesis of novel multisubstituted 1-alkoxyindoles 1 and their mechanistic investigations are presented. The synthesis of 1 was successfully achieved through consecutive four step reactions from substrates 2. The substrates 2, prepared through a two-step synthetic sequence, underwent three consecutive reactions of nitro reduction, intramolecular condensation, and nucleophilic 1,5-addition to provide the intermediates, 1-hydroxyindoles 8, which then were alkylated in situ with alkyl halide to afford the novel target products 1. We optimized the reaction conditions for 1 focusing on the alkylation step, along with the consideration of formation of intermediates 8. The optimized condition was SnCl2·2H2O (3.3 eq) and alcohols (R1OH, 2.0 eq) for 1–2 h at 40 °C and then, base (10 eq) and alkyl halides (R2Y, 2.0 eq) for 1–4 h at 25–50 °C. Notably, all four step reactions were performed in one-pot to give 1 in good to modest yields. Furthermore, the mechanistic aspects were also discussed regarding the reaction pathways and the formation of side products. The significance lies in development of efficient one-pot reactions and in generation of new 1-alkoxyindoles.
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50
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Ng HS, Kee PE, Yim HS, Tan JS, Chow YH, Lan JCW. Characterization of alcohol/salt aqueous two-phase system for optimal separation of gallic acids. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:537-542. [PMID: 33674222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a hydrophilic polyphenol which is noteworthy for strong antioxidant capacity. The drawbacks of conventional extraction approaches such as time-consuming and high processing cost are often viewed as a hurdle to extract GA from plant sources in industrial scale. Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is a separation approach which can be employed as an alternative to the conventional approaches. The partition behaviour of GA in an alcohol/salt ATPS was investigated in this study to aid the development of industrial scale ATPS to extract GA from natural sources. The separation of GA was characterized by determining the types of alcohol and salt, phase composition, sample load, pH of the system and addition of adjuvants applied in the alcohol/salt ATPS construction. The hydrophilic GA was targeted to the salt-rich phase of the alcohol/salt ATPS with a partition coefficient (KGA) of 25.00 ± 0.00. The optimum condition of ATPS for the maximum partition of GA was achieved in ATPS comprised of 24% (w/w) 1-propanol and 22% (w/w) phosphate salt at pH 8 with 5% (w/w) of 1 mg/mL sample loading and 2% (w/w) NaCl addition. The findings suggest that ATPS can be applied for separation of GA from various natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Suan Ng
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Phei Er Kee
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hip Seng Yim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yin Hui Chow
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Information and Technology, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - John Chi-Wei Lan
- Biorefinery and Bioprocessing Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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