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Foster SP, Anderson KG. Stored alcohol and fatty acid intermediates and the biosynthesis of sex pheromone aldehyde in the moth Chloridea virescens. J Chem Ecol 2024; 50:110-121. [PMID: 38374478 PMCID: PMC11043202 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In most species of moths, the female produces and releases a volatile sex pheromone from a specific gland to attract a mate. Biosynthesis of the most common type of moth sex pheromone component (Type 1) involves de novo synthesis of hexadecanoate (16:Acyl), followed by modification to various fatty acyl intermediates, then reduction to a primary alcohol, which may be acetylated or oxidized to produce an acetate ester or aldehyde, respectively. Our previous work on the moth Chloridea virescens (Noctuidae) showed that females produce 90% of the major pheromone component, (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald), via a direct and rapid route of de novo biosynthesis with highly labile intermediates, and ca. 10% from an indirect route that likely mobilizes a pre-synthesized 16-carbon skeleton, possibly, (Z)-11-hexadecenoate (Z11-16:Acyl) or hexadecanoate (16:Acyl). In this paper, we use stable isotope tracer/tracee techniques to study the dynamics of the precursor alcohol (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11-16:OH) and stores of Z11-16:Acyl and 16:Acyl to determine their roles in biosynthesis of Z11-16:Ald. We found: (i) that intracellular Z11-16:OH is synthesized at roughly the same rate as Z11-16:Ald, indicating that translocation and oxidation of this moiety does not rate limit biosynthesis of Z11-16:Ald, (ii) intracellular Z11-16:OH consists of two pools, a highly labile one rapidly translocated out of the cell and converted to Z11-16:Ald, and a less labile one that mostly remains in gland cells, (iii) during pheromone biosynthesis, net stores of Z11-16:Acyl increase, suggesting it is not the source of Z11-16:Ald produced by the indirect route, and (iv) no evidence for the gland synthesizing stored 16:Acyl prior to (up to 2 days before eclosion), or after, synthesis of pheromone commenced, suggesting the bulk of this stored moiety is synthesized elsewhere and transported to the gland prior to gland maturation. Thus, the pheromone gland of C. virescens produces very little stored fat over its functional lifetime, being optimized to produce sex pheromone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Foster
- Department of Entomology, School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, 7650, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Karin G Anderson
- Department of Entomology, School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, 7650, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
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2
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Behringer KI, Kapeluch J, Fischer A, Hellwig M. Metabolization of Free Oxidized Aromatic Amino Acids by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:5766-5776. [PMID: 38447044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The aromatic amino acids tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine are targets for oxidation during food processing. We investigated whether S. cerevisiae can use nonproteinogenic aromatic amino acids as substrates for degradation via the Ehrlich pathway. The metabolic fate of seven amino acids (p-, o-, m-tyrosine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), 3-nitrotyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and dityrosine) in the presence of S. cerevisiae was assessed. All investigated amino acids except dityrosine were metabolized by yeast. The amino acids 3-nitrotyrosine and o-tyrosine were removed from the medium as fast as p-tyrosine, and m-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and DOPA more slowly. In summary, 11 metabolites were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). DOPA, 3-nitrotyrosine, and p-tyrosine were metabolized predominantly to the Ehrlich alcohols, whereas o-tyrosine and m-tyrosine were metabolized predominantly to α-hydroxy acids. Our results indicate that nonproteinogenic aromatic amino acids can be taken up and transaminated by S. cerevisiae quite effectively but that decarboxylation and reduction to Ehrlich alcohols as the final metabolites is hampered by hydroxyl groups in the o- or m-positions of the phenyl ring. The data on amino acid metabolism were substantiated by the analysis of five commercial beer samples, which revealed the presence of hydroxytyrosol (ca. 0.01-0.1 mg/L) in beer for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ina Behringer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia Kapeluch
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Annik Fischer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hellwig
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Chair of Special Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Yao XC, Zhang HL, Ma XR, Xia NY, Duan CQ, Yang WM, Pan QH. Leaching and evolution of anthocyanins and aroma compounds during Cabernet Sauvignon wine fermentation with whole-process skin-seed contact. Food Chem 2024; 436:137727. [PMID: 37832413 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the leaching and evolution of anthocyanins and aroma compounds during wine-making, using an industrial-scale vinification of Cabernet Sauvignon with whole-process skin-seed contact. The results indicated that compounds within the same class displayed similar evolutionary patterns during fermentation. The extraction of anthocyanins, C6 aldehydes, and β-damascenes occurred continuously during cold soak, accompanied by the conversion of C6 aldehydes into alcohols and hydrolytic release of glycosidic β-damascenone. During alcoholic fermentation, pyranoanthocyanins, polymeric pigments, esters, benzene compounds, higher alcohols, and acids were generated. The concurrent occurrence of malolactic fermentation and prolonged maceration led to aromas associated with lactic acid bacteria metabolism. Finally, a comparison between free-run wine and pressed wine revealed high concentrations of C6 compounds and polymeric pigments with flavanol dimers in the pressed wine. These results can be used as a reference to optimize the vinification process to enhance the red due and fruity aromas of the wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Chen Yao
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hua-Lin Zhang
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin-Rui Ma
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nong-Yu Xia
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei-Ming Yang
- Chateau Zhihui Yuanshi Co. Ltd., 750026 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
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4
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Li Y, Wang A, Dang B, Yang X, Nie M, Chen Z, Lin R, Wang L, Wang F, Tong LT. Deeply analyzing dynamic fermentation of highland barley vinegar: Main physicochemical factors, key flavors, and dominate microorganisms. Food Res Int 2024; 177:113919. [PMID: 38225120 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Highland barley vinegar, as a solid-state fermentation-type vinegar emerged recently, is well-known in Qinghai-Tibet plateau area of China. This work aimed to explore the main physicochemical factors, key flavor volatile compounds, and dominate microorganisms of highland barley vinegar during fermentation. The results showed that the decrease trend of reducing sugar, pH and the increase trend of amino acid nitrogen were associated with the metabolism of dominate bacteria, especially Lactobacillus and Acetobacter. Totally, 35 volatile compounds mainly including 20 esters, 10 alcohols, 2 aldehydes, 1 ketone and 2 pyrazines and 7 organic acids were identified. Especially, isoamyl acetate, acetyl methyl carbinol, ethyl caprylate, 1,2-propanediol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and ethyl isovalerate with high odor activity values were confirmed as key aroma compounds. Meanwhile, the relative average abundance of bacteria at genus level decreased significantly as fermentation time goes on. Among these microbes, Lactobacillus were the dominate bacteria at alcohol fermentation stage, Lactobacillus and Acetobacter were dominate at acetic acid fermentation stage. Furthermore, the correlations between dominate bacteria and the key volatile compounds were revealed, which highlighted Lactobacillus and Acetobacter were significantly correlated with key volatile compounds (|r| > 0.5, P < 0.01). The fundings of this study provide insights into the flavor and assist to improve the production quality of highland barley vinegar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aixia Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Dang
- Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Key Laboratory of Agric-Product Processing, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xijuan Yang
- Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Key Laboratory of Agric-Product Processing, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining 810016, China
| | - Mengzi Nie
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ran Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Li-Tao Tong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
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5
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Roberts DW. Electrophilic Reactivity of Sulfated Alcohols in the Context of Skin Sensitization. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:16-19. [PMID: 38079418 PMCID: PMC10792661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), although consistently positive in the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) for skin sensitization, shows no evidence of being a human sensitizer and is often described as a false positive, lacking structural alerts for sensitization. However, there is evidence of the cinnamyl sulfate anion being the metabolite responsible for the sensitization potential of cinnamyl alcohol to humans and in animal tests. Here, manufacturing chemistry data and physical organic chemistry principles are applied to confirm that SLS is not reactive enough to sensitize, whereas sensitization to cinnamyl alcohol via cinnamyl sulfate is plausible. Sensitization data for several other primary alcohols, including geraniol, farnesol, and possibly hydrocortisone, are also consistent with this mechanism. It seems possible that biosulfation may play a wider role than has previously been recognized in skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular
Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K.
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Chen S, Liu J, Gao G, Li M, Cao L, Liu T, Li G, Ma T. An NAD +-dependent group Ⅲ alcohol dehydrogenase involved in long-chain alkane degradation in Acinetobacter venetianus RAG-1. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 172:110343. [PMID: 37890395 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are a class of key enzymes responsible for the oxidation of alkyl alcohols in the aerobic alkane metabolic pathway. Currently, the degradation mechanisms of short- and medium-chain alkanes are commonly reported, while those of long-chain alkanes have received less attention. In this work, a putative long-chain ADH was screened from Acinetobacter venetianus RAG-1 via RNA-seq with n-octacosane (C28) as the sole carbon source. Conserved sequence analysis revealed that it is a group III (Fe-containing/activated) ADH, which is widespread in the genus Acinetobacter. The deletion of adhA led to a significant reduction in the degradation of C28. AdhA exhibited optimal oxidative activity at pH 8.0 and 50 °C with NAD+ as coenzyme, while showing better tolerability to chemical reagents. Enzyme activity assay showed that AdhA owed the oxidative activity to a wide range of substrates including alkyl alcohols (C1-C32) and some isomeric alcohols, such as isopropanol, isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol, and propanetriol, and could reduce the alkyl aldehyde (C1-C12). Meanwhile, the binding of AdhA to different alkyl alcohols was mediated by different amino acids. AdhA is an ADH with an extremely broad substrate utilization range and excellent biochemical characteristics. These results provided important insights in the subsequent investigation of long-chain alkane degradation and petroleum pollution bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingchang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Green Manufacturing Biobased Materials, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Green Manufacturing Biobased Materials, Tianjin, China.
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7
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Li Y, Luo X, Guo H, Bai J, Xiao Y, Fu Y, Wu Y, Wan H, Huang Y, Gao H. Metabolomics and metatranscriptomics reveal the influence mechanism of endogenous microbe (Staphylococcus succinus) inoculation on the flavor of fermented chili pepper. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 406:110371. [PMID: 37659279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
This study integrated metabolomic and metatranscriptomic techniques to examine how the endogenous microbe, Staphylococcus succinus, influenced the essential flavor of fermented chili peppers. The mechanisms governing spontaneous fermentation and S. succinus-inoculated fermentation were also elucidated. Esters (e.g., ethyl undecanoate, isoamyl acetate, and methyl salicylate), terpenes (e.g., terpinen-4-ol), and alcohols (e.g., α-terpineol, linalool, and 4-methyl-3-heptanol) were found to be the key aroma-active compounds, aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) were identified as primary flavoring free amino acids. Notably, during the early stages of S. succinus-inoculated fermentation, the production of these essential metabolites was abundant, while their gradual increase over time was observed in the case of spontaneous fermentation. Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed that S. succinus inoculation could up-regulate genes related to glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, and aroma compound synthesis. These changes sequentially boosted the production of sweet and umami free amino acids, enhanced organic acid levels, increased unique aroma compound generation, and further improved the flavor and quality of the fermented chili peppers. Therefore, S. succinus inoculation can augment the sensory quality of fermented chili peppers, making this strain a promising candidate for Sichuan pickle fermentation starters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Li
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Huan Guo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinrong Bai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism & Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism & Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Fu
- Jian Yang City Product Quality Supervision & Testing Institute, Jianyang, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongyu Wan
- Jian Yang City Product Quality Supervision & Testing Institute, Jianyang, China.
| | - Yina Huang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism & Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Li X, Jiang J, Li X, Liu D, Han M, Li W, Zhang H. Characterization and Application of a Novel Glucose Dehydrogenase with Excellent Organic Solvent Tolerance for Cofactor Regeneration in Carbonyl Reduction. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7553-7567. [PMID: 37014512 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient cofactor regeneration system has been developed to provide a hydride source for the preparation of optically pure alcohols by carbonyl reductase-catalyzed asymmetric reduction. This system employed a novel glucose dehydrogenase (BcGDH90) from Bacillus cereus HBL-AI. The gene encoding BcGDH90 was found through the genome-wide functional annotation. Homology-built model study revealed that BcGDH90 was a homo-tetramer, and each subunit was composed of βD-αE-αF-αG-βG motif, which was responsible for substrate binding and tetramer formation. The gene of BcGDH90 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant BcGDH90 exhibited maximum activity of 45.3 U/mg at pH 9.0 and 40 °C. BcGDH90 showed high stability in a wide pH range of 4.0-10.0 and was stable after the incubation at 55 °C for 5 h. BcGDH90 was not a metal ion-dependent enzyme, but Zn2+ could seriously inhibit its activity. BcGDH90 displayed excellent tolerance to 90% of acetone, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol. Furthermore, BcGDH90 was applied to regenerate NADPH for the asymmetric biosynthesis of (S)-(+)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol ((S)-PED) from hydroxyacetophenone (2-HAP) with high concentration, which increased the final efficiency by 59.4%. These results suggest that BcGDH90 is potentially useful for coenzyme regeneration in the biological reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Junpo Jiang
- College of Life Science, Microbial Technology Innovation Center for Feed of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Dexu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Mengnan Han
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Honglei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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Xiao Y, Zhang S, Liu Z, Wang T, Cai S, Chu C, Hu X, Yi J. Effect of inoculating Pichia spp. starters on flavor formation of fermented chili pepper: Metabolomics and genomics approaches. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113397. [PMID: 37803735 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of Pichia spp. on flavor formation and metabolic pathways during chili pepper fermentation was investigated in this study. Multiple omics approaches were employed, including metabolomics analysis to identify volatile and non-volatile flavor compounds, and genomic analysis to gain insights into the underlying molecular mechanism driving flavor formation of chili peppers inoculated with Pichia spp. The results showed that inoculation with Pichia spp. accelerated fermentation process of chili peppers compared to spontaneous fermentation. Metabolomics analysis showed P. fermentans promoted characteristic terpenes [e.g., (Z)-β-ocimene and linalool], L-glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and succinate production, while P. manshurica produced more alcohols (e.g., isoamyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol) and phenols (e.g., 4-ethylguaiacol and 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol). Genomics analysis revealed that a substantial portion of the genes in Pichia spp. were associated with amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Specifically, the pathways involved in amino acid metabolism and the release of glycoside-bound aromatic compounds were identified as the primary drivers behind the unique flavor of fermented chili peppers, facilitated by Pichia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Zhijia Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Chuanqi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Junjie Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China.
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10
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Fahmy HA, El-Shamy S, Farag MA. Comparative GC-MS based nutrients profiling of less explored legume seeds of Melilotus, Medicago, Trifolium, and Ononis analysed using chemometric tools. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18221. [PMID: 37880311 PMCID: PMC10600120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring novel sources of plant protein for nutrition of both humans and animals is motivated mainly by its growing demand worldwide, besides identifying healthy alternatives for animal protein. The present study evaluates metabolome diversity within 15 legume seed species. The examined samples comprised three Melilotus, four Medicago, four Trifolium, and four Ononis seed species. A holistic approach for metabolites profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) led to the annotation and quantification of 87 metabolites comprising alcohols, free amino acids, aromatics, fatty acids/esters, nitrogenous compounds, organic acids, sugar alcohols, sugars, terpenes, and steroids. Fatty acids represented the major metabolite class represented by palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Sucrose and pinitol were the major sugars and sugar alcohols among seeds. Ononis seeds (OR, OS and OA) were the most abundant in fatty acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and free amino acids, whereas Melilotus species (MO and MS) were least enriched in these key nutrients posing Ononis as potential food source for humans and animals. The examined seeds were generally low in sulfur-containing free amino acids and lacking many of the essential free amino acids. Multivariate data analysis aided in the identification of Ononis metabolite markers belonging to various classes i.e., (alcohol) glycerol, (sugar) allofuranose, and (sugar alcohol) pinitol, although the differentiation between Medicago, Melilotus, and Trifolium genera was not attained suggestive for other analytical platforms for its classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Fahmy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherine El-Shamy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Almaguer C, Kollmannsberger H, Gastl M, Becker T. Daily assessment of malting-induced changes in the volatile composition of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). J Food Sci 2023; 88:3773-3785. [PMID: 37530626 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the traditional malting cereal and is primarily used for beverages, whereas rye (Secale cereale L.) is mainly used in baked goods. Conversely, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a gluten-free pseudocereal, rich in starch and high-quality proteins, and can be used in a similar manner to cereals. The sharp bitterness of unprocessed rye and the earthy aroma of native quinoa interfere with the acceptance and development of food products. Malting of barley is known to improve its processing properties and enhance its sensory quality. Therefore, the effect of germination and kilning on malt quality (e.g., viscosity) as well as the volatile composition of barley, rye, and quinoa were monitored. Moreover, temporal changes on the volatile patterns of rye and quinoa at the different stages of malting were compared to barley. In total, 34 volatile compounds were quantified in the three (pseudo)cereals; the alcohol group dominated in all unprocessed samples, in particular, compounds contributing grassy notes (e.g., hexan-1-ol). These grassy compounds remained abundant during germination, whereas kilning promoted the formation of Maillard reaction volatiles associated with malty and roasted notes. The volatile profiles of kilned barley and quinoa were characterized by high concentrations of the malty Strecker aldehyde, 3-methylbutanal. In contrast, green, floral notes imparted by phenylacetaldehyde remained dominant in rye malt. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the volatile data discriminated the samples into the different stages of malting, confirmed the similarities in the volatile patterns of barley and rye, and indicated clear differences to the quinoa samples. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this study, the effect of germination and kilning on the chemical and volatile composition of barley, rye, and quinoa was examined. Temporal changes on the volatile patterns of rye and quinoa at different stages of malting were compared to barley. Understanding the differences among the (pseudo)cereals as well as the influence of processing on malt quality and aroma development can help find new food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Almaguer
- Lehrstuhl für Brau- und Getränketechnologie, Technische Universität München Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Hubert Kollmannsberger
- Lehrstuhl für Brau- und Getränketechnologie, Technische Universität München Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Martina Gastl
- Lehrstuhl für Brau- und Getränketechnologie, Technische Universität München Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Lehrstuhl für Brau- und Getränketechnologie, Technische Universität München Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
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12
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Huang H, Liu H, Wang L, Xiang X. Cuticular wax metabolism responses to atmospheric water stress on the exocarp surface of litchi fruit after harvest. Food Chem 2023; 414:135704. [PMID: 36808022 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Litchi fruit is susceptible to pericarp browning, which is largely due to the oxidation of phenols in pericarp. However, the response of cuticular waxes to water loss of litchi after harvest is less mentioned. In this study, litchi fruits were stored under ambient, dry, water-sufficient, and packing conditions, while rapid pericarp browning and water loss from the pericarp were observed under the water-deficient conditions. The coverage of cuticular waxes on the fruit surface increased following the development of pericarp browning, during which quantities of very-long-chain (VLC) fatty acids, primary alcohols, and n-alkanes changed significantly. Genes involved in the metabolism of such compounds were upregulated, including LcLACS2, LcKCS1, LcKCR1, LcHACD, and LcECR for elongation of fatty acids, LcCER1 and LcWAX2 for n-alkanes, and LcCER4 for primary alcohols. These findings reveal that cuticular wax metabolism may take part in the response of litchi to water-deficient and pericarp browning during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Hailun Liu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China.
| | - Xu Xiang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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13
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Koteska D, Marter P, Huang S, Pradella S, Petersen J, Schulz S. Volatiles of the Apicomplexan Alga Chromera velia and Associated Bacteria. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200530. [PMID: 36416092 PMCID: PMC10107727 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Volatiles released by the apicomplexan alga Chromera velia CCAP1602/1 and their associated bacteria have been investigated. A metagenome analysis allowed the identification of the most abundant heterotrophic bacteria of the phycosphere, but the isolation of additional strains showed that metagenomics underestimated the complexity of the algal microbiome, However, a culture-independent approach revealed the presence of a planctomycete that likely represents a novel bacterial family. We analysed algal and bacterial volatiles by open-system-stripping analysis (OSSA) on Tenax TA desorption tubes, followed by thermodesorption, cryofocusing and GC-MS-analysis. The analyses of the alga and the abundant bacterial strains Sphingopyxis litoris A01A-101, Algihabitans albus A01A-324, "Coraliitalea coralii" A01A-333 and Litoreibacter sp. A01A-347 revealed sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, aromatic compounds, amides and one lactone, as well as the typical algal products, apocarotenoids. The compounds were identified by gas chromatographic retention indices, comparison of mass spectra and syntheses of reference compounds. A major algal metabolite was 3,4,4-trimethylcyclopent-2-en-1-one, an apocarotenoid indicating the presence of carotenoids related to capsanthin, not reported from algae so far. A low overlap in volatiles bouquets between C. velia and the bacteria was found, and the xenic algal culture almost exclusively released algal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Koteska
- Institut für Organische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Pia Marter
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbHInhoffenstraße 7B38124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Sixing Huang
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbHInhoffenstraße 7B38124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Silke Pradella
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbHInhoffenstraße 7B38124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Jörn Petersen
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbHInhoffenstraße 7B38124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institut für Organische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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14
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Kwolek-Mirek M, Bednarska S, Dubicka-Lisowska A, Maslanka R, Zadrag-Tecza R, Kaszycki P. Unbalance between Pyridine Nucleotide Cofactors in The SOD1 Deficient Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Causes Hypersensitivity to Alcohols and Aldehydes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010659. [PMID: 36614102 PMCID: PMC9820918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases are especially relevant enzymes involved in metabolic and detoxification reactions that occur in living cells. The comparison between the gene expression, protein content, and enzymatic activities of cytosolic alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases of the wild-type strain and the Δsod1 mutant lacking superoxide dismutase 1, which is hypersensitive to alcohols and aldehydes, shows that the activity of these enzymes is significantly higher in the Δsod1 mutant, but this is not a mere consequence of differences in the enzymatic protein content nor in the expression levels of genes. The analysis of the NAD(H) and NADP(H) content showed that the higher activity of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases in the Δsod1 mutant could be a result of the increased availability of pyridine nucleotide cofactors. The higher level of NAD+ in the Δsod1 mutant is not related to the higher level of tryptophan; in turn, a higher generation of NADPH is associated with the upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway. It is concluded that the increased sensitivity of the Δsod1 mutant to alcohols and aldehydes is not only a result of the disorder of redox homeostasis caused by the induction of oxidative stress but also a consequence of the unbalance between pyridine nucleotide cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kwolek-Mirek
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.K.-M.); (R.Z.-T.); Tel.: +48-17-785-5412 (M.K.-M.); +48-17-785-5413 (R.Z.-T.)
| | - Sabina Bednarska
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Dubicka-Lisowska
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Roman Maslanka
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Renata Zadrag-Tecza
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.K.-M.); (R.Z.-T.); Tel.: +48-17-785-5412 (M.K.-M.); +48-17-785-5413 (R.Z.-T.)
| | - Pawel Kaszycki
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
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15
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Michailidis M, Titeli VS, Karagiannis E, Feidaki K, Ganopoulos I, Tanou G, Argiriou A, Molassiotis A. Tissue-specific transcriptional analysis outlines calcium-induced core metabolic changes in sweet cherry fruit. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 189:139-152. [PMID: 36087439 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of calcium in fruit ripening has been established, however knowledge regarding the molecular analysis at fruit tissue-level is still lacking. To address this, we examined the impact of foliar-applied calcium (0.5% CaCl2) in the ripening metabolism in skin and flesh tissues of the sweet cherry 'Tragana Edessis' fruit at the harvest stage. Exogenously applied calcium increased endogenous calcium level in flesh tissue and reduced fruit respiration rate and cracking traits. Fruit metabolomic along with transcriptomic analysis unraveled common and tissue-specific metabolic pathways associated with calcium feeding. Treatment with calcium diminished several alcohols (arabitol, sorbitol), sugars (fructose, maltose), acids (glyceric acid, threonic acid) and increased ribose and proline in both fruit tissues. Moreover, numerous primary metabolites, such as proline and galacturonic acid, were differentially accumulated in calcium-exposed tissues. Calcium-affected genes that involved in ubiquitin/ubl conjugation and cell wall biogenesis/degradation were differentially expressed between skin and flesh samples. Notably, skin and flesh tissues shared common calcium-responsive genes and exhibited substantial similarity in their expression patterns. In both tissues, calcium activated gene expression, most strongly those involved in plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signaling and MAPK signaling pathway, thus affecting related metabolic processes. By contrast, calcium depressed the expression of genes related to TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and starch/sucrose metabolism in both tissues. This work established both calcium-driven common and specialized metabolic suites in skin and flesh cherry tissues, demonstrating the utility of this approach to characterize fundamental aspects of calcium in fruit physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Vaia Styliani Titeli
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Evangelos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Feidaki
- Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, P.O. Box 60361, Thessaloniki, GR, 57001, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece; Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece; Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Anagnostis Argiriou
- Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, P.O. Box 60361, Thessaloniki, GR, 57001, Greece
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece.
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16
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Yan PF, Dong S, Manz KE, Liu C, Woodcock MJ, Mezzari MP, Abriola LM, Pennell KD, Cápiro NL. Biotransformation of 8:2 Fluorotelomer Alcohol in Soil from Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFFs)-Impacted Sites under Nitrate-, Sulfate-, and Iron-Reducing Conditions. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:13728-13739. [PMID: 36127292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The environmental fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) remains largely unknown, especially under the conditions representative of natural subsurface systems. In this study, the biotransformation of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (8:2 FTOH), a component of new-generation AFFF formulations and a byproduct in fluorotelomer-based AFFFs, was investigated under nitrate-, iron-, and sulfate-reducing conditions in microcosms prepared with AFFF-impacted soils. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were employed to identify biotransformation products. The biotransformation was much slower under sulfate- and iron-reducing conditions with >60 mol % of initial 8:2 FTOH remaining after ∼400 days compared to a half-life ranging from 12.5 to 36.5 days under nitrate-reducing conditions. Transformation products 8:2 fluorotelomer saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids (8:2 FTCA and 8:2 FTUA) were detected under all redox conditions, while 7:2 secondary fluorotelomer alcohol (7:2 sFTOH) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were only observed as transformation products under nitrate-reducing conditions. In addition, 1H-perfluoroheptane (F(CF2)6CF2H) and 3-F-7:3 acid (F(CF2)7CFHCH2COOH) were identified for the first time during 8:2 FTOH biotransformation. Comprehensive biotransformation pathways for 8:2 FTOH are presented, which highlight the importance of accounting for redox condition and the related microbial community in the assessment of PFAS transformations in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Yan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Sheng Dong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Katherine E Manz
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Matthew J Woodcock
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Melissa P Mezzari
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, United States
| | - Linda M Abriola
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Natalie L Cápiro
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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17
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Yang X, Cui L, Li S, Ma C, Kosma DK, Zhao H, Lü S. Fatty alcohol oxidase 3 (FAO3) and FAO4b connect the alcohol- and alkane-forming pathways in Arabidopsis stem wax biosynthesis. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:3018-3029. [PMID: 35560209 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The alcohol- and alkane-forming pathways in cuticular wax biosynthesis are well characterized in Arabidopsis. However, potential interactions between the two pathways remain unclear. Here, we reveal that mutation of CER4, the key gene in the alcohol-forming pathway, also led to a deficiency in the alkane-forming pathway in distal stems. To trace the connection between the two pathways, we characterized two homologs of fatty alcohol oxidase (FAO), FAO3 and FAO4b, which were highly expressed in distal stems and localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. The amounts of waxes from the alkane-forming pathway were significantly decreased in stems of fao4b and much lower in fao3 fao4b plants, indicative of an overlapping function for the two proteins in wax synthesis. Additionally, overexpression of FAO3 and FAO4b in Arabidopsis resulted in a dramatic reduction of primary alcohols and significant increases of aldehydes and related waxes. Moreover, expressing FAO3 or FAO4b led to significantly decreased amounts of C18-C26 alcohols in yeast co-expressing CER4 and FAR1. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that FAO3 and FAO4b are functionally redundant in suppressing accumulation of primary alcohols and contributing to aldehyde production, which provides a missing and long-sought-after link between these two pathways in wax biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Changle Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Dylan K Kosma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Huayan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shiyou Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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18
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Hu S, Kamimura N, Sakamoto S, Nagano S, Takata N, Liu S, Goeminne G, Vanholme R, Uesugi M, Yamamoto M, Hishiyama S, Kim H, Boerjan W, Ralph J, Masai E, Mitsuda N, Kajita S. Rerouting of the lignin biosynthetic pathway by inhibition of cytosolic shikimate recycling in transgenic hybrid aspen. Plant J 2022; 110:358-376. [PMID: 35044002 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a phenolic polymer deposited in the plant cell wall, and is mainly polymerized from three canonical monomers (monolignols), i.e. p-coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. After polymerization, these alcohols form different lignin substructures. In dicotyledons, monolignols are biosynthesized from phenylalanine, an aromatic amino acid. Shikimate acts at two positions in the route to the lignin building blocks. It is part of the shikimate pathway that provides the precursor for the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, and is involved in the transesterification of p-coumaroyl-CoA to p-coumaroyl shikimate, one of the key steps in the biosynthesis of coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. The shikimate residue in p-coumaroyl shikimate is released in later steps, and the resulting shikimate becomes available again for the biosynthesis of new p-coumaroyl shikimate molecules. In this study, we inhibited cytosolic shikimate recycling in transgenic hybrid aspen by accelerated phosphorylation of shikimate in the cytosol through expression of a bacterial shikimate kinase (SK). This expression elicited an increase in p-hydroxyphenyl units of lignin and, by contrast, a decrease in guaiacyl and syringyl units. Transgenic plants with high SK activity produced a lignin content comparable to that in wild-type plants, and had an increased processability via enzymatic saccharification. Although expression of many genes was altered in the transgenic plants, elevated SK activity did not exert a significant effect on the expression of the majority of genes responsible for lignin biosynthesis. The present results indicate that cytosolic shikimate recycling is crucial to the monomeric composition of lignin rather than for lignin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hu
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kamimura
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Plant Gene Regulation Research Group, Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Smart CO2 Utilization Research Team, Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nagano
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Takata
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sarah Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, and US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core Ghent, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mikiko Uesugi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shojiro Hishiyama
- Department of Forest Resource Chemistry, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, and US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry, and US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eiji Masai
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Plant Gene Regulation Research Group, Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Smart CO2 Utilization Research Team, Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinya Kajita
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen Q, Xie H, Wei G, Guo X, Zhang J, Lu X, Tang Z. Metabolic differences of two constructive species in saline-alkali grassland in China. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:53. [PMID: 35081916 PMCID: PMC8790901 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinization of soil is an urgent problem that restricts agroforestry production and environmental protection. Substantial accumulation of metal ions or highly alkaline soil alters plant metabolites and may even cause plant death. To explore the differences in the response strategies between Suaeda salsa (S. salsa) and Puccinellia tenuiflora (P. tenuiflora), two main constructive species that survive in saline-alkali soil, their metabolic differences were characterized. RESULT Metabolomics was conducted to study the role of metabolic differences between S. salsa and P. tenuiflora under saline-alkali stress. A total of 68 significantly different metabolites were identified by GC-MS, including 9 sugars, 13 amino acids, 8 alcohols, and 34 acids. A more detailed analysis indicated that P. tenuiflora utilizes sugars more effectively and may be saline-alkali tolerant via sugar consumption, while S. salsa utilizes mainly amino acids, alcohols, and acids to resist saline-alkali stress. Measurement of phenolic compounds showed that more C6C3C6-compounds accumulated in P. tenuiflora, while more C6C1-compounds, phenolic compounds that can be used as signalling molecules to defend against stress, accumulated in S. salsa. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that S. salsa resists the toxicity of saline-alkali stress using aboveground organs and that P. tenuiflora eliminates this toxicity via roots. S. salsa has a stronger habitat transformation ability and can provide better habitat for other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- School of Life Sciences Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huansong Xie
- School of Life Sciences Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guanyun Wei
- School of Life Sciences Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
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20
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Bracalente F, Sabatini M, Arabolaza A, Gramajo H. Escherichia coli coculture for de novo production of esters derived of methyl-branched alcohols and multi-methyl branched fatty acids. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:10. [PMID: 35033081 PMCID: PMC8760833 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A broad diversity of natural and non-natural esters have now been made in bacteria, and in other microorganisms, as a result of original metabolic engineering approaches. However, the fact that the properties of these molecules, and therefore their applications, are largely defined by the structural features of the fatty acid and alcohol moieties, has driven a persistent interest in generating novel structures of these chemicals. RESULTS In this research, we engineered Escherichia coli to synthesize de novo esters composed of multi-methyl-branched-chain fatty acids and short branched-chain alcohols (BCA), from glucose and propionate. A coculture engineering strategy was developed to avoid metabolic burden generated by the reconstitution of long heterologous biosynthetic pathways. The cocultures were composed of two independently optimized E. coli strains, one dedicated to efficiently achieve the biosynthesis and release of the BCA, and the other to synthesize the multi methyl-branched fatty acid and the corresponding multi-methyl-branched esters (MBE) as the final products. Response surface methodology, a cost-efficient multivariate statistical technique, was used to empirical model the BCA-derived MBE production landscape of the coculture and to optimize its productivity. Compared with the monoculture strategy, the utilization of the designed coculture improved the BCA-derived MBE production in 45%. Finally, the coculture was scaled up in a high-cell density fed-batch fermentation in a 2 L bioreactor by fine-tuning the inoculation ratio between the two engineered E. coli strains. CONCLUSION Previous work revealed that esters containing multiple methyl branches in their molecule present favorable physicochemical properties which are superior to those of linear esters. Here, we have successfully engineered an E. coli strain to broaden the diversity of these molecules by incorporating methyl branches also in the alcohol moiety. The limited production of these esters by a monoculture was considerable improved by a design of a coculture system and its optimization using response surface methodology. The possibility to scale-up this process was confirmed in high-cell density fed-batch fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bracalente
- Microbiology Division, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular Y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Martín Sabatini
- Microbiology Division, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular Y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ana Arabolaza
- Microbiology Division, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular Y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Hugo Gramajo
- Microbiology Division, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular Y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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21
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Jiang W, Fu X, Wu W. Gene mining, codon optimization and analysis of binding mechanism of an aldo-keto reductase with high activity, better substrate specificity and excellent solvent tolerance. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260787. [PMID: 34855894 PMCID: PMC8638942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of chiral alcohols has important value and high attention. Aldo–keto reductases (AKRs) mediated reduction of prochiral carbonyl compounds is an interesting way of synthesizing single enantiomers of chiral alcohols due to the high enantio-, chemo- and regioselectivity of the enzymes. However, relatively little research has been done on characterization and apply of AKRs to asymmetric synthesis of chiral alcohols. In this study, the AKR from Candida tropicalis MYA-3404 (C. tropicalis MYA-3404), was mined and characterized. The AKR shown wider optimum temperature and pH. The AKR exhibited varying degrees of catalytic activity for different substrates, suggesting that the AKR can catalyze a variety of substrates. It is worth mentioning that the AKR could catalytic reduction of keto compounds with benzene rings, such as cetophenone and phenoxyacetone. The AKR exhibited activity on N,N-dimethyl-3-keto-3-(2-thienyl)-1-propanamine (DKTP), a key intermediate for biosynthesis of the antidepressant drug duloxetine. Besides, the AKR still has high activity whether in a reaction system containing 10%-30% V/V organic solvent. What’s more, the AKR showed the strongest stability in six common organic solvents, DMSO, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, ethanol, and methanol. And, it retains more that 70% enzyme activity after 6 hours, suggesting that the AKR has strong solvent tolerance. Furthermore, the protein sequences of the AKR and its homology were compared, and a 3D model of the AKR docking with coenzyme NADPH were constructed. And the important catalytic and binding sites were identified to explore the binding mechanism of the enzyme and its coenzyme. These properties, predominant organic solvents resistance and extensive substrate spectrum, of the AKR making it has potential applications in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weiliang Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
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Liu J, Zhu L, Wang B, Wang H, Khan I, Zhang S, Wen J, Ma C, Dai C, Tu J, Shen J, Yi B, Fu T. BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4 are redundantly involved in branched primary alcohols in the cuticle wax of Brassica napus. Theor Appl Genet 2021; 134:3051-3067. [PMID: 34120211 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mutations BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4 produce disordered wax crystals types and alter the composition of epidermal wax, causing increased cuticular permeability and sclerotium resistance. The aerial surfaces of land plants are coated with a cuticle, comprised of cutin and wax, which is a hydrophobic barrier for preventing uncontrolled water loss and environmental damage. However, the mechanisms by which cuticle components are formed are still unknown in Brassica napus L. and were therefore assessed here. BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4, encoding fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductases localizing to the endoplasmic reticulum and highly expressed in leaves, were identified and functionally characterized. Expression of BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4 cDNA in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) induced the accumulation of primary alcohols with chain lengths of 26 carbons. The mutant line Nilla glossy2 exhibited reduced wax crystal types, and wax composition analysis showed that the levels of branched primary alcohols were decreased, whereas those of the other branched components were increased. Further analysis showed that the mutant had reduced water retention but enhanced resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Collectively, our study reports that BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4 are fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase genes in B. napus with a preference for branched substrates that participate in the biosynthesis of anteiso-primary alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Benqi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Athaley A, Zhang Y, Papoutsakis ET, Ierapetritou M. Techno-economic and Life Cycle Analysis of MixAlco® Processes for Mixed Alcohol Production from Brown Algae. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2964-2982. [PMID: 34019250 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The need for producing renewable fuels from biomass has increased due to depleting fossil resources and environmental concerns. However, the low fraction of biomass carbon converted to product is an undeniable drawback for most current biofuel productions from fermentation due to undecomposed lignin in biomass composition and carbon loss as CO2. In this work, two main production routes of the MixAlco® process, the ketonization route (KR) and esterification route (ER) are evaluated for the mixed alcohol production by brown algae, a third-generation biomass without lignin. A novel fermentation process using syntrophic bacteria consortia (SBC) is developed to produce acetic acid from waste gas produced by KR and ER process. The paper investigates the integrated flowsheet for these alternative routes, using techno-economic and life cycle analysis to compare the minimum selling price and environmental impacts. From TEA, we find that the overall costs for KR and ER are lower than the SBC processes. The cost of ketonization routes is lower than esterification routes. The capital cost and operating cost for the ER+SBC process are the highest. Raw materials and utilities are the two major costs for all the processing routes examined. The MSP for the ER+SBC process is the lowest out of all four routes. ER process performs the best in terms of environmental impacts except in water depletion compared with other processes, while the KR process performs the worst regarding the environmental metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Athaley
- Department of Chemical & Bio-molecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Marianthi Ierapetritou
- Department of Chemical & Bio-molecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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24
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Lei D, Qiu Z, Wu J, Qiao B, Qiao J, Zhao GR. Combining Metabolic and Monoterpene Synthase Engineering for de Novo Production of Monoterpene Alcohols in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1531-1544. [PMID: 34100588 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The monoterpene alcohols acyclic nerol and bicyclic borneol are widely applied in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The emerging synthetic biology enables microbial production to be a promising alternative for supplying monoterpene alcohols in an efficient and sustainable approach. In this study, we combined metabolic and plant monoterpene synthase engineering to improve the de novo production of nerol and borneol in prene-overproducing Escherichia coli. We engineered the growth-orthogonal neryl diphosphate (NPP) as the universal precursor of monoterpene alcohol biosynthesis and coexpressed nerol synthase (GmNES) from Glycine max to generate nerol or coexpressed the truncated bornyl diphosphate synthase (LdtBPPS) from Lippia dulcis for borneol production. Further, through site-directed mutation of LdtBPPS based on the structural simulation, we screened multiple variants that markedly elevated the production of acyclic nerol or bicyclic borneol, of which the LdtBPPSS488T mutant outperformed the wild-type LdtBPPS on borneol synthesis and the LdtBPPSF612A variant was superior to GmNES on nerol production. Subsequently, we overexpressed the endogenous Nudix hydrolase NudJ to facilitate the dephosphorylation of precursors and boosted the production of nerol and borneol from glucose. Finally, after the optimization of the fermentation process, the engineered strain ENO2 produced 966.55 mg/L nerol, and strain ENB57 generated 87.20 mg/L borneol in a shake flask, achieving the highest reported titers of nerol and borneol in microbes to date. This work shows a combinatorial engineering strategy for microbial production of natural terpene alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengwei Lei
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zetian Qiu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jihua Wu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guang-Rong Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
- Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Tangxing Road 133, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518071, China
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25
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Coulibaly WH, Bouatenin KMJP, Boli ZBIA, Camara F, Sanogo YM, Akissi DM, Kouame HK, Rigou P, Djameh C, Djè KM. Volatile compounds of traditional sorghum beer (tchapalo) produced in Côte d'Ivoire: comparison between wild yeasts and pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:75. [PMID: 33779846 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there had been growing demand for distinctive high quality beer. Fermentation management has a fundamental role in beer quality and the levels of aroma compounds. Use of non-conventional yeast has been proposed to enhance beer flavor. In this study, the bioflavor of traditional sorghum beer from Côte d'Ivoire was investigated. The flavor profile of two beers fermented with wild yeasts and with pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae respectively were studied. The main flavor components of the beer fermented by pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were different from those of the beer fermented with wild yeasts. The total level of esters and higher alcohols were (173.51 and 128.85 mg/L) respectively in the beer fermented with wild yeasts. These levels were significantly higher than those in the beer fermented with pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which were 13.08 and 78.26 mg/L for higher alcohols and esters respectively. On the other hand, the beer fermented with pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae had an acid content higher than beer fermented with wild yeasts, i.e. 9.3 mg/L and 7.53 mg/L respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahauwouélé Hermann Coulibaly
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments (UFR-STA), Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast.
| | - Koffi Maïzan Jean-Paul Bouatenin
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments (UFR-STA), Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast
| | - Zamble Bi Irié Abel Boli
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments (UFR-STA), Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast
| | - Fatoumata Camara
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Sécurité Alimentaire, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments (UFR-STA), Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast
| | - Yahya Maïmouna Sanogo
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments (UFR-STA), Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast
| | - Dogbo Marius Akissi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments (UFR-STA), Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast
| | - Hanzi Karen Kouame
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments (UFR-STA), Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast
| | - Peggy Rigou
- Plateau d'Analyses des Composés Volatils (PTV), Institut des Hautes Études de la Vigne et du Vin, INRA-SUPAGRO Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060, Montpellier CEDEX 02, France
| | - Clement Djameh
- Microbrewery Inland Beverages Ltd, Dansoman, P.O. Box DS1577, Accra, Ghana
| | - Koffi Marcellin Djè
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments (UFR-STA), Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast
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26
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Blomquist GJ, Tittiger C, MacLean M, Keeling CI. Cytochromes P450: terpene detoxification and pheromone production in bark beetles. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2021; 43:97-102. [PMID: 33359166 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bark beetles (family: Curculionidae; subfamily: Scolytinae) in the Dendroctonus and Ips genera are the most destructive forest pests in the Northern hemisphere. They use cytochromes P450 (P450s) to detoxify tree-produced terpenes to produce pheromones, in de novo pheromone production and to oxidize odorants on antennae. Many Dendroctonus spp. use trans-verbenol as an aggregation pheromone, and it is formed from host-tree produced α-pinene hydroxylated by CYP6DE1 during larval stages, stored as verbenyl ester of fatty acids, and then released when the female begins feeding on a new host tree. Ips spp. hydroxylate de novo produced myrcene to form ipsdienol. Subsequent steps form the appropriate enantiomeric composition of ipsdienol and convert ipsdienol to ipsenol. In this article we review recent progress in elucidating the functions of P450s in Ips and Dendroctonus species and in doing so provide insights into the role of these enzymes in host phytochemical detoxification and pheromone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Blomquist
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States.
| | - Claus Tittiger
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Marina MacLean
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Christopher I Keeling
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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27
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Martin C, Tjallinks G, Trajkovic M, Fraaije MW. Facile Stereoselective Reduction of Prochiral Ketones by using an F 420 -dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase. Chembiochem 2021; 22:156-159. [PMID: 32935896 PMCID: PMC7820951 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Effective procedures for the synthesis of optically pure alcohols are highly valuable. A commonly employed method involves the biocatalytic reduction of prochiral ketones. This is typically achieved by using nicotinamide cofactor-dependent reductases. In this work, we demonstrate that a rather unexplored class of enzymes can also be used for this. We used an F420 -dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADF) from Methanoculleus thermophilicus that was found to reduce various ketones to enantiopure alcohols. The respective (S) alcohols were obtained in excellent enantiopurity (>99 % ee). Furthermore, we discovered that the deazaflavoenzyme can be used as a self-sufficient system by merely using a sacrificial cosubstrate (isopropanol) and a catalytic amount of cofactor F420 or the unnatural cofactor FOP to achieve full conversion. This study reveals that deazaflavoenzymes complement the biocatalytic toolbox for enantioselective ketone reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Martin
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gwen Tjallinks
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Milos Trajkovic
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco W. Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4GroningenThe Netherlands
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28
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Vernocchi P, Gili T, Conte F, Del Chierico F, Conta G, Miccheli A, Botticelli A, Paci P, Caldarelli G, Nuti M, Marchetti P, Putignani L. Network Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Metabolome to Discover Microbiota-Linked Biomarkers in Patients Affected by Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228730. [PMID: 33227982 PMCID: PMC7699235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies in recent times have linked gut microbiome (GM) diversity to the pathogenesis of cancer and its role in disease progression through immune response, inflammation and metabolism modulation. This study focused on the use of network analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the biological interaction between the gut ecosystem and its metabolites that could impact the immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing second-line treatment with anti-PD1. Metabolomic data were merged with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 16S RNA-targeted metagenomics and classified by chemometric models. The traits considered for the analyses were: (i) condition: disease or control (CTRLs), and (ii) treatment: responder (R) or non-responder (NR). Network analysis indicated that indole and its derivatives, aldehydes and alcohols could play a signaling role in GM functionality. WGCNA generated, instead, strong correlations between short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and a healthy GM. Furthermore, commensal bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcaceae, Mogibacteriaceae and Clostridiaceae were found to be more abundant in CTRLs than in NSCLC patients. Our preliminary study demonstrates that the discovery of microbiota-linked biomarkers could provide an indication on the road towards personalized management of NSCLC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Akkermansia/classification
- Akkermansia/genetics
- Akkermansia/isolation & purification
- Alcohols/metabolism
- Aldehydes/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Bacteroides/classification
- Bacteroides/genetics
- Bacteroides/isolation & purification
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/microbiology
- Clostridiaceae/classification
- Clostridiaceae/genetics
- Clostridiaceae/isolation & purification
- Databases, Genetic
- Disease Progression
- Drug Monitoring/methods
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Indoles/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/microbiology
- Metabolome/genetics
- Metabolome/immunology
- Metagenomics/methods
- Peptostreptococcus/classification
- Peptostreptococcus/genetics
- Peptostreptococcus/isolation & purification
- Precision Medicine/methods
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Vernocchi
- Area of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (P.V.); (F.D.C.)
| | - Tommaso Gili
- IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Networks Unit, 55100 Lucca, Italy;
| | - Federica Conte
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “Antonio Ruberti”, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Area of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (P.V.); (F.D.C.)
| | - Giorgia Conta
- Department of Chemistry, NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alfredo Miccheli
- Department of Environmental Biology and NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (P.M.)
- AOU Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Guido Caldarelli
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari, University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy;
- European Centre for Living Technologies, 30172 Venice, Italy
- Institute of Complex Systems (CNR), Department of Physics, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (P.M.)
- AOU Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
- AOU Sant’ Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Parasitology and Area of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-066-859-2598 (ext. 8433)
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Thompson MG, Incha MR, Pearson AN, Schmidt M, Sharpless WA, Eiben CB, Cruz-Morales P, Blake-Hedges JM, Liu Y, Adams CA, Haushalter RW, Krishna RN, Lichtner P, Blank LM, Mukhopadhyay A, Deutschbauer AM, Shih PM, Keasling JD. Fatty Acid and Alcohol Metabolism in Pseudomonas putida: Functional Analysis Using Random Barcode Transposon Sequencing. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e01665-20. [PMID: 32826213 PMCID: PMC7580535 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01665-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With its ability to catabolize a wide variety of carbon sources and a growing engineering toolkit, Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is emerging as an important chassis organism for metabolic engineering. Despite advances in our understanding of the organism, many gaps remain in our knowledge of the genetic basis of its metabolic capabilities. The gaps are particularly noticeable in our understanding of both fatty acid and alcohol catabolism, where many paralogs putatively coding for similar enzymes coexist, making biochemical assignment via sequence homology difficult. To rapidly assign function to the enzymes responsible for these metabolisms, we leveraged random barcode transposon sequencing (RB-Tn-Seq). Global fitness analyses of transposon libraries grown on 13 fatty acids and 10 alcohols produced strong phenotypes for hundreds of genes. Fitness data from mutant pools grown on fatty acids of varying chain lengths indicated specific enzyme substrate preferences and enabled us to hypothesize that DUF1302/DUF1329 family proteins potentially function as esterases. From the data, we also postulate catabolic routes for the two biogasoline molecules isoprenol and isopentanol, which are catabolized via leucine metabolism after initial oxidation and activation with coenzyme A (CoA). Because fatty acids and alcohols may serve as both feedstocks and final products of metabolic-engineering efforts, the fitness data presented here will help guide future genomic modifications toward higher titers, rates, and yields.IMPORTANCE To engineer novel metabolic pathways into P. putida, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of its versatile metabolism is essential. Here, we provide functional evidence for the putative roles of hundreds of genes involved in the fatty acid and alcohol metabolism of the bacterium. These data provide a framework facilitating precise genetic changes to prevent product degradation and to channel the flux of specific pathway intermediates as desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Thompson
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Matthew R Incha
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Allison N Pearson
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - William A Sharpless
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Christopher B Eiben
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Joint Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Pablo Cruz-Morales
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Jacquelyn M Blake-Hedges
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Yuzhong Liu
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Catharine A Adams
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Robert W Haushalter
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Rohith N Krishna
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Patrick Lichtner
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Adam M Deutschbauer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Patrick M Shih
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Environmental and Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Joint Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes for Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
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30
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Farhan Ul Haque M, Xu HJ, Murrell JC, Crombie A. Facultative methanotrophs - diversity, genetics, molecular ecology and biotechnological potential: a mini-review. Microbiology (Reading) 2020; 166:894-908. [PMID: 33085587 PMCID: PMC7660913 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) play a vital role in reducing atmospheric methane emissions, and hence mitigating their potent global warming effects. A significant proportion of the methane released is thermogenic natural gas, containing associated short-chain alkanes as well as methane. It was one hundred years following the description of methanotrophs that facultative strains were discovered and validly described. These can use some multi-carbon compounds in addition to methane, often small organic acids, such as acetate, or ethanol, although Methylocella strains can also use short-chain alkanes, presumably deriving a competitive advantage from this metabolic versatility. Here, we review the diversity and molecular ecology of facultative methanotrophs. We discuss the genetic potential of the known strains and outline the consequent benefits they may obtain. Finally, we review the biotechnological promise of these fascinating microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui-Juan Xu
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Present address: Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - J. Colin Murrell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Andrew Crombie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Present address: School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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31
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Park JM, Won SM, Kang CH, Park S, Yoon JH. Characterization of a novel carboxylesterase belonging to family VIII hydrolyzing β-lactam antibiotics from a compost metagenomic library. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4650-4661. [PMID: 32946943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel esterase, EstCS3, was isolated from a metagenomic library constructed from a compost. The EstCS3, which consists of 409 amino acids with an anticipated molecular mass of 44 kDa, showed high amino acid sequence identities to predicted esterases, serine hydrolases and β-lactamases from uncultured and cultured bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that EstCS3 belongs to family VIII of lipolytic enzymes. EstCS3 had catalytic Ser78 residue in the consensus tetrapeptide motif SXXK, which is characteristic of family VIII esterases. Two conserved YXX and W(H or K)XG motifs in an oxyanion hole of family VIII esterases were also present in EstCS3. EstCS3 demonstrated the highest activity toward p-nitrophenyl butyrate (C4) and was stable up to 70 °C with optimal activity at 55 °C. EstCS3 had optimal activity at pH 8 and maintained its stability within pH range of 7-10. EstCS3 had over 70% activity in the presence of 20% (v/v) methanol and DMSO and hydrolyzed sterically hindered tertiary alcohol esters of t-butyl acetate and linalyl acetate. EstCS3 hydrolyzed ampicillin, cephalothin and cefepime. The properties of EstCS3, including moderate thermostability, stability against organic solvents and activity toward esters of tertiary alcohols, indicated that it has the potential to be used in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Won
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyung Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology program, School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Wang C, Feng Y, Fu T, Sheng Y, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Yu M, Zhang D. Effect of storage on metabolites of brown rice. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:4364-4377. [PMID: 32378212 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Storage is an essential part of brown rice circulation. During the storage process, the metabolic activity of brown rice is still ongoing, and long-term storage leads to the deterioration of brown rice. Metabolomics analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate the changes in metabolites of brown rice after storage at 18 °C for 12 months. RESULTS In terms of quantity, sugar, fatty acids, and other metabolites in brown rice decreased after storage, and alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, and amines increased. A total of 34 differential metabolites were screened. In terms of contents, carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids of brown rice decreased after storage, while those of sugar alcohol, amines, and aldehydes increased after storage. Cluster analysis of the samples at zero storage time revealed that the metabolites expressed least became highly expressed after storage and those expressed highly became low after storage. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that storage significantly influenced the lipid metabolism in brown rice. Palmitoleic acid, cholesterol, linoleic acid, and lauric acid are four key metabolites in lipid metabolism during storage of brown rice. CONCLUSION Significant changes occurred in quantity and type of brown rice metabolites after storage. Storage has the greatest effect on lipids. Storage caused a 'reverse change' in the metabolites content of brown rice. The results obtained may help in understanding the changes in metabolites profile and delaying of the quality deterioration of brown rice during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyuan Wang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Daqing Center of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products Ministry of Agriculture, Daqing, China
| | - Yuchao Feng
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Tianxin Fu
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yanan Sheng
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yingjun Jiang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Daqing Center of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products Ministry of Agriculture, Daqing, China
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Abstract
Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is a major relevance factor, since maternal overweight and obesity can impair the pregnancy outcome and represent risk factors for several neonatal, childhood, and adult conditions, including excessive weight gain, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and even behavioral disorders. Currently, breast milk (BM) composition in such category of mothers was not completely defined. In this field, metabolomics represents the ideal technology, able to detect the whole profile of low molecular weight molecules in BM. Limited information is available on human BM metabolites differences in overweight or obese compared to lean mothers. Analyzing all the metabolomics studies published on Medline in English language, this review evaluated the effects that 8 specific types of metabolites found altered by maternal overweight and obesity (nucleotide derivatives, 5-methylthioadenosine, sugar-alcohols, acylcarnitine and amino acids, polyamines, mono-and oligosaccharides, lipids) can exert on the risk of offspring obesity development and other potentially associated health outcomes and complications. However, metabolites variations in samples collected from overweight and obese mothers and the potentially correlated effects highlighted below still need further investigations and should be confirmed in future metabolomics studies on larger samples. Finally, the positive or negative influence of maternal overweight and obesity on the offspring, potentially exerted by breastfeeding, should be analyzed in close correlation with maternal age, genetic and environmental factors, including diet, and taking into account the interactions occurring between BM metabolites and lactobiome. The evaluation of all the factors affecting BM metabolites in overweight and obese mothers can lead to the comprehensive description of such biofluid and the related effects on breastfed subjects, potentially highlighting personalized needs of BM supplementation or short- and long-term prevention strategies to optimize offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Melania Puddu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Diego Giampietro Peroni
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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34
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Mayr JC, Rosa LFM, Klinger N, Grosch J, Harnisch F, Spiess AC. Response-Surface-Optimized and Scaled-Up Microbial Electrosynthesis of Chiral Alcohols. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:1808-1816. [PMID: 31951080 PMCID: PMC7187473 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A variety of enzymes can be easily incorporated and overexpressed within Escherichia coli cells by plasmids, making it an ideal chassis for bioelectrosynthesis. It has recently been demonstrated that microbial electrosynthesis (MES) of chiral alcohols is possible by using genetically modified E. coli with plasmid-incorporated and overexpressed enzymes and methyl viologen as mediator for electron transfer. This model system, using NADPH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis to convert acetophenone into (R)-1-phenylethanol, is assessed by using a design of experiment (DoE) approach. Process optimization is achieved with a 2.4-fold increased yield of 94±7 %, a 3.9-fold increased reaction rate of 324±67 μm h-1 , and a coulombic efficiency of up to 68±7 %, while maintaining an excellent enantioselectivity of >99 %. Subsequent scale-up to 1 L by using electrobioreactors under batch and fed-batch conditions increases the titer of (R)-1-phenylethanol to 12.8±2.0 mm and paves the way to further develop E. coli into a universal chassis for MES in a standard biotechnological process environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine C. Mayr
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigRebenring 5638106BraunschweigGermany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS)Technische Universität BraunschweigRebenring 5638106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Luis F. M. Rosa
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyHelmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)Permoserstrasse 1504318LeipzigGermany
| | - Natalia Klinger
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigRebenring 5638106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Jan‐Hendrik Grosch
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigRebenring 5638106BraunschweigGermany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS)Technische Universität BraunschweigRebenring 5638106BraunschweigGermany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technische Universität BraunschweigFranz-Liszt-Strasse 35a38106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Falk Harnisch
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyHelmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)Permoserstrasse 1504318LeipzigGermany
| | - Antje C. Spiess
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigRebenring 5638106BraunschweigGermany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS)Technische Universität BraunschweigRebenring 5638106BraunschweigGermany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technische Universität BraunschweigFranz-Liszt-Strasse 35a38106BraunschweigGermany
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35
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Martin C, Trajkovic M, Fraaije MW. Production of Hydroxy Acids: Selective Double Oxidation of Diols by Flavoprotein Alcohol Oxidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4869-4872. [PMID: 31912947 PMCID: PMC7079103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Flavoprotein oxidases can catalyze oxidations of alcohols and amines by merely using molecular oxygen as the oxidant, making this class of enzymes appealing for biocatalysis. The FAD-containing (FAD=flavin adenine dinucleotide) alcohol oxidase from P. chrysosporium facilitated double and triple oxidations for a range of aliphatic diols. Interestingly, depending on the diol substrate, these reactions result in formation of either lactones or hydroxy acids. For example, diethylene glycol could be selectively and fully converted into 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)acetic acid. Such a facile cofactor-independent biocatalytic route towards hydroxy acids opens up new avenues for the preparation of polyester building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Martin
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Milos Trajkovic
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco W. Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4GroningenThe Netherlands
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36
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Arabnejad H, Bombino E, Colpa DI, Jekel PA, Trajkovic M, Wijma HJ, Janssen DB. Computational Design of Enantiocomplementary Epoxide Hydrolases for Asymmetric Synthesis of Aliphatic and Aromatic Diols. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1893-1904. [PMID: 31961471 PMCID: PMC7383614 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes in preparative biocatalysis often requires tailoring enzyme selectivity by protein engineering. Herein we explore the use of computational library design and molecular dynamics simulations to create variants of limonene epoxide hydrolase that produce enantiomeric diols from meso‐epoxides. Three substrates of different sizes were targeted: cis‐2,3‐butene oxide, cyclopentene oxide, and cis‐stilbene oxide. Most of the 28 designs tested were active and showed the predicted enantioselectivity. Excellent enantioselectivities were obtained for the bulky substrate cis‐stilbene oxide, and enantiocomplementary mutants produced (S,S)‐ and (R,R)‐stilbene diol with >97 % enantiomeric excess. An (R,R)‐selective mutant was used to prepare (R,R)‐stilbene diol with high enantiopurity (98 % conversion into diol, >99 % ee). Some variants displayed higher catalytic rates (kcat) than the original enzyme, but in most cases KM values increased as well. The results demonstrate the feasibility of computational design and screening to engineer enantioselective epoxide hydrolase variants with very limited laboratory screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Arabnejad
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Elvira Bombino
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dana I. Colpa
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Jekel
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Milos Trajkovic
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Hein J. Wijma
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dick B. Janssen
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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Marchal R, Salmon T, Gonzalez R, Kemp B, Vrigneau C, Williams P, Doco T. Impact of Botrytis cinerea Contamination on the Characteristics and Foamability of Yeast Macromolecules Released during the Alcoholic Fermentation of a Model Grape Juice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030472. [PMID: 31979163 PMCID: PMC7037752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a fungal pathogen responsible for the decrease in foamability of sparkling wines. The proteolysis of must proteins originating from botrytized grapes is well known, but far less information is available concerning the effect of grape juice contamination by Botrytis. The impact from Botrytis on the biochemical and physico-chemical characteristics of proteins released from Saccharomyces during alcoholic fermentation remains elusive. To address this lack of knowledge, a model grape juice was inoculated with three enological yeasts with or without the Botrytis culture supernatant. Size exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALLS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) techniques (AgNO3 and periodic acid Schiff staining) was used in the study. When Botrytis enzymes were present, a significant degradation of the higher and medium MW molecules released by Saccharomyces was observed during alcoholic fermentation whilst the lower MW fraction increased. For the three yeast strains studied, the results clearly showed a strong decrease in the wine foamability when synthetic musts were inoculated with 5% (v/v) of Botrytis culture due to fungus proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Marchal
- Laboratoire d’Oenologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France;
- Laboratoire Vignes Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE), Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, 68008 Colmar CEDEX, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-26-91-80-64
| | - Thomas Salmon
- Laboratoire d’Oenologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France;
- Laboratoire Vignes Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE), Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, 68008 Colmar CEDEX, France
| | - Ramon Gonzalez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV - Universidad de La Rioja - Gobierno de La Rioja), Apartado Postal No. 1.042–26080 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Belinda Kemp
- Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute (CCOVI), Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
| | - Céline Vrigneau
- Institut Œnologique de Champagne, 9 Rue du Commerce, 51350 Cormontreuil, France;
| | - Pascale Williams
- INRAE, UMR no. 1083, Sciences Pour l’Oenologie, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France; (P.W.); (T.D.)
| | - Thierry Doco
- INRAE, UMR no. 1083, Sciences Pour l’Oenologie, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France; (P.W.); (T.D.)
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Liang R, Huang J, Wu X, Fan J, Xu Y, Wu C, Jin Y, Zhou R. Effect of raw material and starters on the metabolite constituents and microbial community diversity of fermented soy sauce. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:5687-5695. [PMID: 31150112 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of soy sauce is strongly affected by microorganisms and raw materials (defatted soybean or whole soybean). The present study investigated the effect of two types of fortified pattern, including inoculation with starters (Tetragenococcus halophilus combined with Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Candida versatilis), and adding culture medium (saccharified rice flour solution), on the metabolite profiles and microbial community of soy sauce produced from defatted soybean (DP) and whole soybean (HD). Relationships between microbes and volatiles, and their interactions, were shown. RESULTS The dominant metabolites differed in the soy sauce samples except for isoflavones. Alcohols and phenols were higher in DP moromi. Two classes of dominant esters, long-chain fatty acid esters (LFAE) and unsaturated-short-chain fatty acid esters (USFAE), were higher in HD moromi than DP. Weissella, Leuconostoc, and Aspergillus were the dominant microbes. Leuconostoc, and Aspergillus increased, and Weissella decreased in moromi inoculated with starters compared with a control. Similar changes to Leuconostoc were observed in moromi added culture medium. CONCLUSIONS The microbes were responsible for the formation of volatiles. The intergeneric interactions with microbes were affected by fortified pattern. The effect of starters or culture medium on microbial community and metabolites of soy sauce depended on the raw material. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Liang
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Huang
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueming Wu
- Sichuan provincial condiment additives Engineering Technology Research Center Qianhe Condiment Co., Ltd, Meishan, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Sichuan provincial condiment additives Engineering Technology Research Center Qianhe Condiment Co., Ltd, Meishan, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Sichuan provincial condiment additives Engineering Technology Research Center Qianhe Condiment Co., Ltd, Meishan, China
| | - Chongde Wu
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Jin
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongqing Zhou
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Lu Zhou Liao Jiao Co., Ltd, Luzhou, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Production, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Jiang J, Liu Y, Li H, Yang Q, Wu Q, Chen S, Tang J, Xu Y. Modeling and Regulation of Higher Alcohol Production through the Combined Effects of the C/N Ratio and Microbial Interaction. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:10694-10701. [PMID: 31476866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Too large of a higher alcohol content has negative effects on the liquor taste and health. Revealing the key microbes and their key driving forces is essential to regulate the higher alcohol content in spontaneous liquor fermentation. Herein, we used high-throughput sequencing associated with a multivariate statistical algorithm to reveal the contributing microbes for higher alcohol production in Chinese light-aroma-type liquor and identified that Saccharomyces and Pichia were the main contributors. In addition, the C/N ratio and microbial interaction were found to significantly affect the production of higher alcohols. Herein, we used response surface methodology to establish a predictive model for higher alcohol production with the regulating factors, and the content of total higher alcohols decreased significantly from 328.80 ± 24.83 to 114.88 ± 5.02 mg/L with the optimized levels of the regulators. This work would facilitate the control of flavor production via regulating microbial communities in food fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Yuancai Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute , Jing Brand Company, Limited , Daye , Hubei 435100 , China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute , Jing Brand Company, Limited , Daye , Hubei 435100 , China
| | - Qun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Shenxi Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute , Jing Brand Company, Limited , Daye , Hubei 435100 , China
| | - Jie Tang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute , Jing Brand Company, Limited , Daye , Hubei 435100 , China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
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40
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Balzano S, Villanueva L, de Bar M, Sahonero Canavesi DX, Yildiz C, Engelmann JC, Marechal E, Lupette J, Sinninghe Damst� JS, Schouten S. Biosynthesis of Long Chain Alkyl Diols and Long Chain Alkenols in Nannochloropsis spp. (Eustigmatophyceae). Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:1666-1682. [PMID: 31058972 PMCID: PMC6872974 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated potential biosynthetic pathways of long chain alkenols (LCAs), long chain alkyl diols (LCDs), and long chain hydroxy fatty acids (LCHFAs) in Nannochloropsis oceanica and Nannochloropsis gaditana, by combining culturing experiments with genomic and transcriptomic analyses. Incubation of Nannochloropsis spp. in the dark for 1 week led to significant increases in the cellular concentrations of LCAs and LCDs in both species. Consistently, 13C-labelled substrate experiments confirmed that both LCA and LCD were actively produced in the dark from C14-18 fatty acids by either condensation or elongation/hydroxylation, although no enzymatic evidence was found for the former pathway. Nannochloropsis spp. did, however, contain (i) multiple polyketide synthases (PKSs) including one type (PKS-Clade II) that might catalyze incomplete fatty acid elongations leading to the formation of 3-OH-fatty acids, (ii) 3-hydroxyacyl dehydratases (HADs), which can possibly form Δ2/Δ3 monounsaturated fatty acids, and (iii) fatty acid elongases (FAEs) that could elongate 3-OH-fatty acids and Δ2/Δ3 monounsaturated fatty acids to longer products. The enzymes responsible for reduction of the long chain fatty acids to LCDs and LCAs are, however, unclear. A putative wax ester synthase/acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA): diacylglycerol acyltransferase is likely to be involved in the esterification of LCAs and LCDs in the cell wall. Our data thus provide useful insights in predicting the biosynthetic pathways of LCAs and LCDs in phytoplankton suggesting a key role of FAE and PKS enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Balzano
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry (MMB), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, +39 081 7641355. Present address: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale di Biologia Ecologia e Biotecnologie Marine, Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Villanueva
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry (MMB), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke de Bar
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry (MMB), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Diana X Sahonero Canavesi
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry (MMB), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Caglar Yildiz
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry (MMB), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Julia C Engelmann
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry (MMB), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Marechal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et V�g�tale, Unit� mixte de recherche CNRS, CEA, INRA, Universit� Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Josselin Lupette
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et V�g�tale, Unit� mixte de recherche CNRS, CEA, INRA, Universit� Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
- Present address: MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jaap S Sinninghe Damst�
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry (MMB), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schouten
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry (MMB), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Molinet J, Cubillos FA, Salinas F, Liti G, Martínez C. Genetic variants of TORC1 signaling pathway affect nitrogen consumption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220515. [PMID: 31348805 PMCID: PMC6660096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the alcoholic fermentation process, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains present differences in their nitrogen consumption profiles, these phenotypic outcomes have complex genetic and molecular architectures. In this sense, variations in nitrogen signaling pathways regulated by TORC1 represent one of the main sources of phenotypic diversity in nitrogen consumption. This emphasizes the possible roles that allelic variants from the TORC1 pathway have in the nitrogen consumption differences observed in yeast during the alcoholic fermentation. Here, we studied the allelic diversity in the TORC1 pathway across four yeast strains and determined how these polymorphisms directly impact nitrogen consumption during alcoholic fermentation. Using a reciprocal hemizygosity approach combined with phenotyping under fermentative conditions, we found that allelic variants of GTR1, TOR2, SIT4, SAP185, EAP1, NPR1 and SCH9 underlie differences in the ammonium and amino acids consumption phenotypes. Among these, GTR1 alleles from the Wine/European and West African genetic backgrounds showed the greatest effects on ammonium and amino acid consumption, respectively. Furthermore, we identified allelic variants of SAP185, TOR2, SCH9 and NPR1 from an oak isolate that increased the amino acid consumption preference over ammonium; representing putative candidates coming from a non-domesticated strain that could be used for genetic improvement programs. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that a large number of allelic variants within the TORC1 pathway significantly impacts on regulatory mechanisms of nitrogen assimilation during alcoholic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Molinet
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco A. Cubillos
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Salinas
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gianni Liti
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSERM, University of Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Claudio Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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42
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Miao L, Di Q, Sun T, Li Y, Duan Y, Wang J, Yan Y, He C, Wang C, Yu X. Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Provide Insights into the Effects of Grafting on Fruit Flavor of Cucumber with Different Rootstocks. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143592. [PMID: 31340498 PMCID: PMC6678626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rootstocks frequently exert detrimental effects on the fruit quality of grafted cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. To understand and ultimately correct this deficiency, a transcriptomic and metabolomic comparative analysis was performed among cucumber fruits from non-grafted plants (NG), and fruits from plants grafted onto different rootstocks of No.96 and No.45 (Cucurbita moschata. Duch), known to confer a different aroma and taste. We found remarkable changes in the primary metabolites of sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and alcohols in the fruit of the grafted cucumber plants with different rootstocks, compared to the non-grafted ones, especially No.45. We identified 140, 131, and 244 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparisons of GNo.96 vs. NG, GNo.45 vs. NG, and GNo.45 vs. GNo.96. The identified DEGs have functions involved in many metabolic processes, such as starch and sucrose metabolism; the biosynthesis of diterpenoid, carotenoid, and zeatin compounds; and plant hormone signal transduction. Members of the HSF, AP2/ERF-ERF, HB-HD-ZIP, and MYB transcription factor families were triggered in the grafted cucumbers, especially in the cucumber grafted on No.96. Based on a correlation analysis of the relationships between the metabolites and genes, we screened 10 candidate genes likely to be involved in sugar metabolism (Fructose-6-phosphate and trehalose), linoleic acid, and amino-acid (isoleucine, proline, and valine) biosynthesis in grafted cucumbers, and then confirmed the gene expression patterns of these genes by qRT-PCR. The levels of TPS15 (Csa3G040850) were remarkably increased in cucumber fruit with No.96 rootstock compared with No.45, suggesting changes in the volatile chemical production. Together, the results of this study improve our understanding of flavor changes in grafted cucumbers, and identify the candidate genes involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Miao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qinghua Di
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianshu Sun
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yansu Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Duan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chaoxing He
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changlin Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xianchang Yu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Liu F, Lane P, Hewson JC, Stavila V, Tran-Gyamfi MB, Hamel M, Lane TW, Davis RW. Development of a closed-loop process for fusel alcohol production and nutrient recycling from microalgae biomass. Bioresour Technol 2019; 283:350-357. [PMID: 30933901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving the economic feasibility is necessary for algae-based processes to achieve commercial scales for biofuels and bioproducts production. A closed-loop system for fusel alcohol production from microalgae biomass with integrated nutrient recycling was developed, which enables the reuse of nitrogen and phosphorus for downstream application and thus reduces the operational requirement for external major nutrients. Mixed fusel alcohols, primarily isobutanol and isopentanol were produced from Microchloropsis salina hydrolysates by an engineered E. coli co-culture. During the process, cellular nitrogen from microalgae biomass was converted into ammonium, whereas cellular phosphorus was liberated by an osmotic shock treatment. The formation of struvite from the liberated ammonium and phosphate, and the subsequent utilization of struvite to support M. salina cultivation was demonstrated. The closed loop system established here should help overcome one of the identified economic barriers to scale-up of microalgae production, and enhance the sustainability of microalgae-based chemical commodities production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Biomass Science & Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Pamela Lane
- Department of Systems Biology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - John C Hewson
- Department of Fire Science and Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Vitalie Stavila
- Department of Energy Nanomaterials, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Mary B Tran-Gyamfi
- Department of Biomass Science & Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Michele Hamel
- Department of Biomass Science & Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Todd W Lane
- Department of Systems Biology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Ryan W Davis
- Department of Biomass Science & Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
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Oliphant K, Allen-Vercoe E. Macronutrient metabolism by the human gut microbiome: major fermentation by-products and their impact on host health. Microbiome 2019; 7:91. [PMID: 31196177 PMCID: PMC6567490 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a critical component of digestion, breaking down complex carbohydrates, proteins, and to a lesser extent fats that reach the lower gastrointestinal tract. This process results in a multitude of microbial metabolites that can act both locally and systemically (after being absorbed into the bloodstream). The impact of these biochemicals on human health is complex, as both potentially beneficial and potentially toxic metabolites can be yielded from such microbial pathways, and in some cases, these effects are dependent upon the metabolite concentration or organ locality. The aim of this review is to summarize our current knowledge of how macronutrient metabolism by the gut microbiome influences human health. Metabolites to be discussed include short-chain fatty acids and alcohols (mainly yielded from monosaccharides); ammonia, branched-chain fatty acids, amines, sulfur compounds, phenols, and indoles (derived from amino acids); glycerol and choline derivatives (obtained from the breakdown of lipids); and tertiary cycling of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Key microbial taxa and related disease states will be referred to in each case, and knowledge gaps that could contribute to our understanding of overall human wellness will be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Oliphant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
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45
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Yu F, Bai Y, Fan TP, Zheng X, Cai Y. Alcohol dehydrogenases from Proteus mirabilis contribute to alcoholic flavor. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:4123-4128. [PMID: 30761541 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cheese ripening involves a complex series of metabolic reactions and numerous concomitant secondary transformations. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) converts aldehydes into their corresponding alcohols, which enrich cheese aroma. RESULTS In this study, we identified five ADH genes in Proteus mirabilis JN458, and these genes were overexpressed and characterized in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The optimum pH was 7.0 for the purified recombinant ADH-1, ADH-2, and ADH-3 and 8.0 for ADH-4 and ADH-5. The optimum temperature was 40 °C for ADH-1, ADH-3, and ADH-5 and 45 °C for ADH-2 and ADH-4. The Km value of ADH-1, ADH-2, and ADH-3 was 34.45, 16.90, and 10.01 µmol L-1 for phenylacetaldehyde, respectively. The Km value of ADH-4 and ADH-5 was 14.81 and 24.62 µmol L-1 for 2-methylbutanal, respectively. CONCLUSION Proteus species play important roles during cheese ripening. The results of our study are important for further research on cheese flavor and for quality control during cheese production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchuan Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yajun Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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46
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Luo Z, Tomasi P, Fahlgren N, Abdel-Haleem H. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of leaf cuticular wax components in Camelina sativa identifies genetic loci related to intracellular wax transport. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:187. [PMID: 31064322 PMCID: PMC6505076 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to explore renewable alternatives (e.g. biofuels) that can produce energy sources to help reduce reliance on fossil oils, and reduce greenhouse gases and waste solids resulted from fossil oils consumption. Camelina sativa is an oilseed crop which has received increasing attention due to its short life cycle, broader adaptation regions, high oil content, high level of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids, and low-input requirements in agriculture practices. To expand its Camelina production areas into arid regions, there is a need to breed for new drought-tolerant cultivars. Leaf cuticular wax is known to facilitate plant development and growth under water-limited conditions. Dissecting the genetic loci underlying leaf cuticular waxes is important to breed for cultivars with improved drought tolerance. RESULTS Here we combined phenotypic data and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from a spring C. sativa diversity panel using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology, to perform a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) on leaf wax compositions. A total of 42 SNP markers were significantly associated with 15 leaf wax traits including major wax components such as total primary alcohols, total alkanes, and total wax esters as well as their constituents. The vast majority of significant SNPs were associated with long-chain carbon monomers (carbon chain length longer than C28), indicating the important effects of long-chain carbon monomers on leaf total wax biosynthesis. These SNP markers are located on genes directly or indirectly related to wax biosynthesis such as maintaining endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology and enabling normal wax secretion from ER to plasma membrane or Golgi network-mediated transport. CONCLUSIONS These loci could potentially serve as candidates for the genetic control involved in intracellular wax transport that might directly or indirectly facilitate leaf wax accumulation in C. sativa and can be used in future marker-assisted selection (MAS) to breed for the cultivars with high wax content to improve drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Luo
- US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA
| | - Pernell Tomasi
- US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA
| | - Noah Fahlgren
- Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132 USA
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Fernández-Naveira Á, Veiga MC, Kennes C. Selective anaerobic fermentation of syngas into either C 2-C 6 organic acids or ethanol and higher alcohols. Bioresour Technol 2019; 280:387-395. [PMID: 30780099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium carboxidivorans produces alcohols from C1 gases (CO, CO2), converting them first into fatty acids, and subsequently into alcohols. This research identified conditions that allow to selectively produce either fatty acids or alcohols. The conversion of gases into acids and then into alcohols is catalysed by metalloenzymes, stimulated by specific trace metals. Therefore, different bioreactors were set-up, either with or without addition of tungsten (W) or selenium (Se) and at different pHs. Combining the presence of those trace metals with a low pH (5.0) allowed to accumulate high amounts of alcohols as major end products (8038 mg/L total alcohols; 3027 mg/L total acids). Instead, maintaining a higher pH (6.2), in the absence of those trace metals, allowed to selectively produce organic acids (9577 mg/L) and almost no alcohols (676 mg/L). Omitting W, but not Se, at high pH (6.2), led to a still higher concentration of acids (11303 mg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ánxela Fernández-Naveira
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of La Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, E-15008 La Coruña, Spain
| | - María C Veiga
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of La Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, E-15008 La Coruña, Spain
| | - Christian Kennes
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of La Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, E-15008 La Coruña, Spain.
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Hong KQ, Fu XM, Dong SS, Xiao DG, Dong J. Modulating acetate ester and higher alcohol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the cofactor engineering. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1003-1011. [PMID: 30969383 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Flavor production by esters or by higher alcohols play a key role in the sensorial quality of fermented alcoholic beverages. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, the syntheses of esters and higher alcohols are considerably influenced by intracellular CoA levels catalyzed by pantothenate kinase. In this work, we examined the effects of cofactor CoA and acetyl-CoA synthesis on the metabolism of esters and higher alcohols. Strains 12α-BAP2 and 12α+ATF1 where generated by deleting and overexpressing BAP2 (encoded branched-chain amino acid permease) and ATF1 (encoded alcohol acetyl transferases), respectively, in the parent 12α strains. Then, 12α-BAP2+CAB1 and 12α-BAP2+CAB3 strains were obtained by overexpressing CAB1 (encoded pantothenate kinase Cab1) and CAB3 (encoded pantothenate kinase Cab3) in the 12α-BAP2 strain, and 12α-BAP2+CAB1+ATF1 and 12α-BAP2+CAB3+ATF1 were generated by overexpressing ATF1 in the pantothenate kinase overexpression strains. The acetate ester level in 12α-BAP2 was slightly changed relative to that in the control strain 12α, whereas the acetate ester levels in 12α-BAP2+CAB1, 12α-BAP2+CAB3, 12α-BAP2+CAB1+ATF1, and 12α-BAP2+CAB3+ATF1 were distinctly increased (44-118% for ethyl acetate and 18-57% for isoamyl acetate). The levels of n-propanol, methyl-1-butanol, isopentanol, isobutanol, and phenethylol levels were changed and varied among the six engineered strains. The levels of acetate esters and higher alcohols can be modulated by changing the CoA and acetyl-CoA levels. The method proposed in this work supplies a practical means of breeding yeast strains by modulating acetate ester and higher alcohol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Qiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 13th Street, Economic and Technological Development District, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Meng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 13th Street, Economic and Technological Development District, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Sheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 13th Street, Economic and Technological Development District, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Guang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 13th Street, Economic and Technological Development District, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 13th Street, Economic and Technological Development District, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
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De Roos J, De Vuyst L. Microbial acidification, alcoholization, and aroma production during spontaneous lambic beer production. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:25-38. [PMID: 30246252 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acidic beers, such as Belgian lambic beers and American and other coolship ales, are becoming increasingly popular worldwide thanks to their refreshing acidity and fruity notes. The traditional fermentation used to produce them does not apply pure yeast cultures but relies on spontaneous, environmental inoculation. The fermentation and maturation process is carried out in wooden barrels and can take up to three years. It is characterized by different microbial species belonging to the enterobacteria, acetic acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts. This review provides an introduction to the technology and four fermentation strategies of beer production, followed by the microbiology of acidic beer production, focusing on the main microorganisms present during the long process used for the production of Belgian lambic beers. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas De Roos
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc De Vuyst
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Mironov KS, Shumskaya M, Sidorov RA, Trofimova MS, Los DA. Membrane physical state and stress regulation in Synechocystis: fluidizing alcohols repress fatty acid desaturation. Plant J 2018; 96:1007-1017. [PMID: 30194781 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic photosynthetic organisms widely used in biotechnology, photosynthesis and abiotic stress research. There are several cyanobacterial strains modified to produce biofuels, but the influence of alcohols on cyanobacterial cell physiology is poorly understood. Here, we conducted a systematic study of the effects of nine primary aliphatic alcohols and an aromatic benzyl alcohol on both membrane physical state and the expression of genes for fatty acid desaturases (FADs) in a model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. Hexan-1-ol was found to have the most membrane fluidizing action among all alcohols studied, with its efficiency correlating with both duration of treatment and alcohol concentration. A prolonged exposure to alcohol results in a continuous loss of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) followed by cell death, an undesired challenge that should be considered in cyanobacterial biotechnology. We suggest that membrane fluidization is the key component in alcohol stress causing inactivation of FADs and resulting in a lethal depletion of unsaturated FAs. Due to the most pronounced effects of alcohol- and heat-induced membrane fluidization on desB encoding a terminal ω3-FAD, we propose to call desB a 'viscosity gene' in analogy to heat-induced 'fluidity gene' hspA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill S Mironov
- Department of Molecular Biosystems, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Maria Shumskaya
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Kean University, 1000 Morris Ave, Union, NJ, 07083, USA
| | - Roman A Sidorov
- Department of Molecular Biosystems, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Marina S Trofimova
- Department of Molecular Biosystems, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Los
- Department of Molecular Biosystems, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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