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Liu J, Zhu L, Wang B, Wang H, Khan I, Zhang S, Wen J, Ma C, Dai C, Tu J, Shen J, Yi B, Fu T. BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4 are redundantly involved in branched primary alcohols in the cuticle wax of Brassica napus. Theor Appl Genet 2021; 134:3051-3067. [PMID: 34120211 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mutations BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4 produce disordered wax crystals types and alter the composition of epidermal wax, causing increased cuticular permeability and sclerotium resistance. The aerial surfaces of land plants are coated with a cuticle, comprised of cutin and wax, which is a hydrophobic barrier for preventing uncontrolled water loss and environmental damage. However, the mechanisms by which cuticle components are formed are still unknown in Brassica napus L. and were therefore assessed here. BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4, encoding fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductases localizing to the endoplasmic reticulum and highly expressed in leaves, were identified and functionally characterized. Expression of BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4 cDNA in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) induced the accumulation of primary alcohols with chain lengths of 26 carbons. The mutant line Nilla glossy2 exhibited reduced wax crystal types, and wax composition analysis showed that the levels of branched primary alcohols were decreased, whereas those of the other branched components were increased. Further analysis showed that the mutant had reduced water retention but enhanced resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Collectively, our study reports that BnA1.CER4 and BnC1.CER4 are fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase genes in B. napus with a preference for branched substrates that participate in the biosynthesis of anteiso-primary alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Benqi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Bai W, Geng W, Wang S, Zhang F. Biosynthesis, regulation, and engineering of microbially produced branched biofuels. Biotechnol Biofuels 2019; 12:84. [PMID: 31011367 PMCID: PMC6461809 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The steadily increasing demand on transportation fuels calls for renewable fuel replacements. This has attracted a growing amount of research to develop advanced biofuels that have similar physical, chemical, and combustion properties with petroleum-derived fossil fuels. Early generations of biofuels, such as ethanol, butanol, and straight-chain fatty acid-derived esters or hydrocarbons suffer from various undesirable properties and can only be blended in limited amounts. Recent research has shifted to the production of branched-chain biofuels that, compared to straight-chain fuels, have higher octane values, better cold flow, and lower cloud points, making them more suitable for existing engines, particularly for diesel and jet engines. This review focuses on several types of branched-chain biofuels and their immediate precursors, including branched short-chain (C4-C8) and long-chain (C15-C19)-alcohols, alkanes, and esters. We discuss their biosynthesis, regulation, and recent efforts in their overproduction by engineered microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Bai
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Weitao Geng
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Fuzhong Zhang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
- Division of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
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