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Liu DH, Pflüger PM, Outlaw A, Lückemeier L, Zhang F, Regan C, Rashidi Nodeh H, Cernak T, Ma J, Glorius F. Late-Stage Saturation of Drug Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11866-11875. [PMID: 38621677 PMCID: PMC11066876 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The available methods of chemical synthesis have arguably contributed to the prevalence of aromatic rings, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, or pyridine, in modern pharmaceuticals. Many such sp2-carbon-rich fragments are now easy to synthesize using high-quality cross-coupling reactions that click together an ever-expanding menu of commercially available building blocks, but the products are flat and lipophilic, decreasing their odds of becoming marketed drugs. Converting flat aromatic molecules into saturated analogues with a higher fraction of sp3 carbons could improve their medicinal properties and facilitate the invention of safe, efficacious, metabolically stable, and soluble medicines. In this study, we show that aromatic and heteroaromatic drugs can be readily saturated under exceptionally mild rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation, acid-mediated reduction, or photocatalyzed-hydrogenation conditions, converting sp2 carbon atoms into sp3 carbon atoms and leading to saturated molecules with improved medicinal properties. These methods are productive in diverse pockets of chemical space, producing complex saturated pharmaceuticals bearing a variety of functional groups and three-dimensional architectures. The rhodium-catalyzed method tolerates traces of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or water, meaning that pharmaceutical compound collections, which are typically stored in wet DMSO, can finally be reformatted for use as substrates for chemical synthesis. This latter application is demonstrated through the late-stage saturation (LSS) of 768 complex and densely functionalized small-molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Hai Liu
- Frontiers
Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory
for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Philipp M. Pflüger
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andrew Outlaw
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lukas Lückemeier
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fuhao Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Clinton Regan
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hamid Rashidi Nodeh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tim Cernak
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jiajia Ma
- Frontiers
Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory
for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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2
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Wang JZ, Lyon WL, MacMillan DWC. Alkene dialkylation by triple radical sorting. Nature 2024; 628:104-109. [PMID: 38350601 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The development of bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) catalysis has expanded cross-coupling chemistries by enabling the selective combination of any primary radical with any secondary or tertiary radical through a radical sorting mechanism1-8. Biomimetic9,10 SH2 catalysis can be used to merge common feedstock chemicals-such as alcohols, acids and halides-in various permutations for the construction of a single C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond. The ability to sort these two distinct radicals across commercially available alkenes in a three-component manner would enable the simultaneous construction of two C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds, greatly accelerating access to complex molecules and drug-like chemical space11. However, the simultaneous in situ formation of electrophilic and primary nucleophilic radicals in the presence of unactivated alkenes is problematic, typically leading to statistical radical recombination, hydrogen atom transfer, disproportionation and other deleterious pathways12,13. Here we report the use of bimolecular homolytic substitution catalysis to sort an electrophilic radical and a nucleophilic radical across an unactivated alkene. This reaction involves the in situ formation of three distinct radical species, which are then differentiated by size and electronics, allowing for regioselective formation of the desired dialkylated products. This work accelerates access to pharmaceutically relevant C(sp3)-rich molecules and defines a distinct mechanistic approach for alkene dialkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Z Wang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - William L Lyon
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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3
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Long A, Oswood CJ, Kelly CB, Bryan MC, MacMillan DWC. Couple-close construction of polycyclic rings from diradicals. Nature 2024; 628:326-332. [PMID: 38480891 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Heteroarenes are ubiquitous motifs in bioactive molecules, conferring favourable physical properties when compared to their arene counterparts1-3. In particular, semisaturated heteroarenes possess attractive solubility properties and a higher fraction of sp3 carbons, which can improve binding affinity and specificity. However, these desirable structures remain rare owing to limitations in current synthetic methods4-6. Indeed, semisaturated heterocycles are laboriously prepared by means of non-modular fit-for-purpose syntheses, which decrease throughput, limit chemical diversity and preclude their inclusion in many hit-to-lead campaigns7-10. Herein, we describe a more intuitive and modular couple-close approach to build semisaturated ring systems from dual radical precursors. This platform merges metallaphotoredox C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross-coupling with intramolecular Minisci-type radical cyclization to fuse abundant heteroaryl halides with simple bifunctional feedstocks, which serve as the diradical synthons, to rapidly assemble a variety of spirocyclic, bridged and substituted saturated ring types that would be extremely difficult to make by conventional methods. The broad availability of the requisite feedstock materials allows sampling of regions of underexplored chemical space. Reagent-controlled radical generation leads to a highly regioselective and stereospecific annulation that can be used for the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutical scaffolds, replacing lengthy de novo syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Long
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Christopher B Kelly
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Marian C Bryan
- Therapeutics Discovery, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
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4
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Zhang B, He J, Gao Y, Levy L, Oderinde MS, Palkowitz MD, Dhar TGM, Mandler MD, Collins MR, Schmitt DC, Bolduc PN, Chen T, Clementson S, Petersen NN, Laudadio G, Bi C, Kawamata Y, Baran PS. Complex molecule synthesis by electrocatalytic decarboxylative cross-coupling. Nature 2023; 623:745-751. [PMID: 37788684 PMCID: PMC10754231 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Modern retrosynthetic analysis in organic chemistry is based on the principle of polar relationships between functional groups to guide the design of synthetic routes1. This method, termed polar retrosynthetic analysis, assigns partial positive (electrophilic) or negative (nucleophilic) charges to constituent functional groups in complex molecules followed by disconnecting bonds between opposing charges2-4. Although this approach forms the basis of undergraduate curriculum in organic chemistry5 and strategic applications of most synthetic methods6, the implementation often requires a long list of ancillary considerations to mitigate chemoselectivity and oxidation state issues involving protecting groups and precise reaction choreography3,4,7. Here we report a radical-based Ni/Ag-electrocatalytic cross-coupling of substituted carboxylic acids, thereby enabling an intuitive and modular approach to accessing complex molecular architectures. This new method relies on a key silver additive that forms an active Ag nanoparticle-coated electrode surface8,9 in situ along with carefully chosen ligands that modulate the reactivity of Ni. Through judicious choice of conditions and ligands, the cross-couplings can be rendered highly diastereoselective. To demonstrate the simplifying power of these reactions, concise syntheses of 14 natural products and two medicinally relevant molecules were completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benxiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiayan He
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Levy
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martins S Oderinde
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Maximilian D Palkowitz
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T G Murali Dhar
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michael D Mandler
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michael R Collins
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel C Schmitt
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheng Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yu Kawamata
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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5
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Abstract
When searching for the ideal molecule to fill a particular functional role (for example, a medicine), the difference between success and failure can often come down to a single atom1. Replacing an aromatic carbon atom with a nitrogen atom would be enabling in the discovery of potential medicines2, but only indirect means exist to make such C-to-N transmutations, typically by parallel synthesis3. Here, we report a transformation that enables the direct conversion of a heteroaromatic carbon atom into a nitrogen atom, turning quinolines into quinazolines. Oxidative restructuring of the parent azaarene gives a ring-opened intermediate bearing electrophilic sites primed for ring reclosure and expulsion of a carbon-based leaving group. Such a 'sticky end' approach subverts existing atom insertion-deletion approaches and as a result avoids skeleton-rotation and substituent-perturbation pitfalls common in stepwise skeletal editing. We show a broad scope of quinolines and related azaarenes, all of which can be converted into the corresponding quinazolines by replacement of the C3 carbon with a nitrogen atom. Mechanistic experiments support the critical role of the activated intermediate and indicate a more general strategy for the development of C-to-N transmutation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Woo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Colin Stein
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Mark D Levin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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6
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Sun GQ, Yu P, Zhang W, Zhang W, Wang Y, Liao LL, Zhang Z, Li L, Lu Z, Yu DG, Lin S. Electrochemical reactor dictates site selectivity in N-heteroarene carboxylations. Nature 2023; 615:67-72. [PMID: 36603811 PMCID: PMC10036166 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyridines and related N-heteroarenes are commonly found in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and other biologically active compounds1,2. Site-selective C-H functionalization would provide a direct way of making these medicinally active products3-5. For example, nicotinic acid derivatives could be made by C-H carboxylation, but this remains an elusive transformation6-8. Here we describe the development of an electrochemical strategy for the direct carboxylation of pyridines using CO2. The choice of the electrolysis setup gives rise to divergent site selectivity: a divided electrochemical cell leads to C5 carboxylation, whereas an undivided cell promotes C4 carboxylation. The undivided-cell reaction is proposed to operate through a paired-electrolysis mechanism9,10, in which both cathodic and anodic events play critical roles in altering the site selectivity. Specifically, anodically generated iodine preferentially reacts with a key radical anion intermediate in the C4-carboxylation pathway through hydrogen-atom transfer, thus diverting the reaction selectivity by means of the Curtin-Hammett principle11. The scope of the transformation was expanded to a wide range of N-heteroarenes, including bipyridines and terpyridines, pyrimidines, pyrazines and quinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Quan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Li-Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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7
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Abstract
Research in the field of asymmetric catalysis over the past half century has resulted in landmark advances, enabling the efficient synthesis of chiral building blocks, pharmaceuticals and natural products1-3. A small number of asymmetric catalytic reactions have been identified that display high selectivity across a broad scope of substrates; not coincidentally, these are the reactions that have the greatest impact on how enantioenriched compounds are synthesized4-8. We postulate that substrate generality in asymmetric catalysis is rare not simply because it is intrinsically difficult to achieve, but also because of the way chiral catalysts are identified and optimized9. Typical discovery campaigns rely on a single model substrate, and thus select for high performance in a narrow region of chemical space. Here we put forth a practical approach for using multiple model substrates to select simultaneously for both enantioselectivity and generality in asymmetric catalytic reactions from the outset10,11. Multisubstrate screening is achieved by conducting high-throughput chiral analyses by supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry with pooled samples. When applied to Pictet-Spengler reactions, the multisubstrate screening approach revealed a promising and unexpected lead for the general enantioselective catalysis of this important transformation, which even displayed high enantioselectivity for substrate combinations outside of the screening set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corin C Wagen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Eugene E Kwan
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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8
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Gupta MS, Kumar TP, Gowda DV, Rosenholm JM. Orodispersible films: Conception to quality by design. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113983. [PMID: 34547323 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODFs) are ultra-thin, stamp-sized, elegant, portable and patient-centric pharmaceutical dosage forms that do not need water to be ingested. They are particularly useful for paediatric and geriatric patient populations with special needs such as dysphagia, Parkinson's disease, and oral cancer. Accordingly, they hold tremendous potential in gaining patient compliance, convenience and pharmacotherapy. In the present review, conception and evolution of ODFs as a product and its technology are discussed. The review continues by providing overview about the potential of ODFs as carriers for delivering drugs, herbal extracts, probiotics and vaccines. Besides, strategies employed in drug cargo loading, taste masking of bitter drugs and enhancing drug stability are discussed. Finally, the review concludes by providing a brief overview about quality by design (QbD) principles in development of ODFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Suresh Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570 015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Tegginamath Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Devegowda Vishkante Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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9
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Eleftheriadis GK, Genina N, Boetker J, Rantanen J. Modular design principle based on compartmental drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113921. [PMID: 34390776 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The current manufacturing solutions for oral solid dosage forms are fundamentally based on technologies from the 19th century. This approach is well suited for mass production of one-size-fits-all products; however, it does not allow for a straight-forward personalization and mass customization of the pharmaceutical end-product. In order to provide better therapies to the patients, a need for innovative manufacturing concepts and product design principles has been rising. Additive manufacturing opens up a possibility for compartmentalization of drug products, including design of spatially separated multidrug and functional excipient compartments. This compartmentalized solution can be further expanded to modular design thinking. Modular design is referring to combination of building blocks containing a given amount of drug compound(s) and related functional excipients into a larger final product. Implementation of modular design principles is paving the way for implementing the emerging personalization potential within health sciences by designing compartmental and reactive product structures that can be manufactured based on the individual needs of each patient. This review will introduce the existing compartmentalized product design principles and discuss the integration of these into edible electronics allowing for innovative control of drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalja Genina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Boetker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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10
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Jeannerat A, Peneveyre C, Armand F, Chiappe D, Hamelin R, Scaletta C, Hirt-Burri N, de Buys Roessingh A, Raffoul W, Applegate LA, Laurent A. Hypoxic Incubation Conditions for Optimized Manufacture of Tenocyte-Based Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients of Homologous Standardized Transplant Products in Tendon Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112872. [PMID: 34831095 PMCID: PMC8616528 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human fetal progenitor tenocytes (hFPT) produced in defined cell bank systems have recently been characterized and qualified as potential therapeutic cell sources in tendon regenerative medicine. In view of further developing the manufacture processes of such cell-based active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), the effects of hypoxic in vitro culture expansion on key cellular characteristics or process parameters were evaluated. To this end, multiple aspects were comparatively assessed in normoxic incubation (i.e., 5% CO2 and 21% O2, standard conditions) or in hypoxic incubation (i.e., 5% CO2 and 2% O2, optimized conditions). Experimentally investigated parameters and endpoints included cellular proliferation, cellular morphology and size distribution, cell surface marker panels, cell susceptibility toward adipogenic and osteogenic induction, while relative protein expression levels were analyzed by quantitative mass spectrometry. The results outlined conserved critical cellular characteristics (i.e., cell surface marker panels, cellular phenotype under chemical induction) and modified key cellular parameters (i.e., cell size distribution, endpoint cell yields, matrix protein contents) potentially procuring tangible benefits for next-generation cell manufacturing workflows. Specific proteomic analyses further shed some light on the cellular effects of hypoxia, potentially orienting further hFPT processing for cell-based, cell-free API manufacture. Overall, this study indicated that hypoxic incubation impacts specific hFPT key properties while preserving critical quality attributes (i.e., as compared to normoxic incubation), enabling efficient manufacture of tenocyte-based APIs for homologous standardized transplant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Jeannerat
- Applied Research Department, LAM Biotechnologies SA, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.J.); (C.P.)
| | - Cédric Peneveyre
- Applied Research Department, LAM Biotechnologies SA, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.J.); (C.P.)
| | - Florence Armand
- Proteomics Core Facility and Technology Platform, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.A.); (D.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Diego Chiappe
- Proteomics Core Facility and Technology Platform, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.A.); (D.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Romain Hamelin
- Proteomics Core Facility and Technology Platform, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.A.); (D.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Corinne Scaletta
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (C.S.); (N.H.-B.); (L.A.A.)
| | - Nathalie Hirt-Burri
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (C.S.); (N.H.-B.); (L.A.A.)
| | - Anthony de Buys Roessingh
- Children and Adolescent Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (C.S.); (N.H.-B.); (L.A.A.)
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Oxford OSCAR Suzhou Center, Oxford University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Applied Research Department, LAM Biotechnologies SA, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.J.); (C.P.)
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (C.S.); (N.H.-B.); (L.A.A.)
- Manufacturing Department, TEC-PHARMA SA, CH-1038 Bercher, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-21-546-42-00
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11
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Lima LM, da Silva TF, da Silva Monteiro CE, Aparecida-Silva C, Bispo Júnior W, de Queiroz AC, Alexandre-Moreira MS, Zapata-Sudo G, Barreiro EJ. Design and Synthesis In Silico Drug-like Prediction and Pharmacological Evaluation of Cyclopolymethylenic Homologous of LASSBio-1514. Molecules 2021; 26:4828. [PMID: 34443416 PMCID: PMC8399892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylhydrazones are still an important framework to the design of new bioactive compounds. As treatment of chronic pain represents a clinical challenge, we decided to modify the structure of LASSBio-1514 (1), previously described as anti-inflammatory and analgesic prototype. Applying the homologation as a strategy for molecular modification, we designed a series of cyclopentyl- (2a-e), cyclobutyl- (3a-e), and cyclopropylacylhydrazones (4a-e) that were synthetized and evaluated in murine models of inflammation and pain. A comparison of their in silico physicochemical and drug-like profile was conducted, as well as their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Compounds 4a (LASSBio-1755) and 4e (LASSBio-1757) displayed excellent in silico drug-like profiles and were identified as new analgesic lead-candidates in acute and chronic model of pain, through oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Moreira Lima
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil; (T.F.d.S.); (C.A.-S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (C.E.d.S.M.); (G.Z.-S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fernandes da Silva
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil; (T.F.d.S.); (C.A.-S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (C.E.d.S.M.); (G.Z.-S.)
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aparecida-Silva
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil; (T.F.d.S.); (C.A.-S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (C.E.d.S.M.); (G.Z.-S.)
| | - Walfrido Bispo Júnior
- LaFI—Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; (W.B.J.); (A.C.d.Q.); (M.S.A.-M.)
| | - Aline Cavalcanti de Queiroz
- LaFI—Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; (W.B.J.); (A.C.d.Q.); (M.S.A.-M.)
| | - Magna Suzana Alexandre-Moreira
- LaFI—Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; (W.B.J.); (A.C.d.Q.); (M.S.A.-M.)
| | - Gisele Zapata-Sudo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (C.E.d.S.M.); (G.Z.-S.)
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliezer J. Barreiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil; (T.F.d.S.); (C.A.-S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (C.E.d.S.M.); (G.Z.-S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Chang X, Zhang J, Peng L, Guo C. Collective synthesis of acetylenic pharmaceuticals via enantioselective Nickel/Lewis acid-catalyzed propargylic alkylation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:299. [PMID: 33436637 PMCID: PMC7803749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral acetylenic derivatives are found in many bioactive compounds and are versatile functional groups in organic chemistry. Here, we describe an enantioselective nickel/Lewis acid-catalyzed asymmetric propargylic substitution reaction from simple achiral materials under mild condition. The introduction of a Lewis acid cocatalyst is crucial to the efficiency of the transformation. Notably, we investigate this asymmetric propargylic substitution reaction for the development of a range of structurally diverse natural products. The power of this strategy is highlighted by the collective synthesis of seven biologically active compounds: (-)-Thiohexital, (+)-Thiopental, (+)-Pentobarbital, (-)-AMG 837, (+)-Phenoxanol, (+)-Citralis, and (-)-Citralis Nitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihao Chang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lingzi Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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13
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Abstract
Proteins have attracted increasing attention as biopharmaceutics and diagnostics due to their high specificity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The biopharmaceutical sector in particular is experiencing rapid growth, which has led to an increase in the production and sale of protein drugs and diagnostics over the last two decades. Since the first-generation biopharmaceutics dominated by native proteins, both recombinant and chemical technologies have evolved and transformed the outlook of this rapidly developing field. This review article presents updates on the fabrication of covalent and supramolecular fusion hybrids, as well as protein-polymer hybrids using solid-phase approaches that hold great promise for preparing protein hybrids with precise control at the macromolecular level to incorporate additional features. In addition, the applications of the resultant protein hybrids in medicine and diagnostics are highlighted where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seah Ling Kuan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Marco Raabe
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
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14
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Wu Q, Feng D, Huang Z, Chen M, Yang D, Pan X, Lu C, Quan G, Wu C. Supersaturable organic-inorganic hybrid matrix based on well-ordered mesoporous silica to improve the bioavailability of water insoluble drugs. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:1292-1300. [PMID: 32885715 PMCID: PMC7580725 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1815898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica with uniform 2-D hexagonal pores has been newly employed as facile reservoir to impove the dissolution rate of water insoluble drugs. However, rapid drug release from mesoporous silica is usually accompanied by the generation of supersaturated solution, which leads to the drug precipitation and compromised absorption. To address this issue, a supersaturated ternary hybrid system was constructed in this study by utilizing inorganic mesoporous silica and organic precipitation inhibitor. Vinylprrolidone-vinylacetate copolymer (PVP VA64) with similar solubility parameter to model drug fenofibrate (FNB) was expected to well inhibit the precipitation. Mesoporous silica Santa Barbara amorphous-15 (SBA-15) was synthesized in acidic media and hybrid matrix was produced by hot melt extrusion technique. The results of in vitro supersaturation dissolution test obviously revealed that the presence of PVP VA64 could effectively sustain a higher apparent concentration. PVP VA64 was suggested to simultaneously reduce the rate of nucleation and crystal growth and subsequently maintain a metastable supersaturated state. The absorption of FNB delivered by the organic-inorganic hybrid matrix was remarkably enhanced in beagle dogs, and its AUC value was 1.92-fold higher than that of FNB loaded mesoporous silica without PVP VA 64. In conclusion, the supersaturated organic-inorganic hybrid matrix can serve as a modular strategy to enhance the oral availability of water insoluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Zengcheng District People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Disang Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Minglong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Pedro SN, R. Freire CS, Silvestre AJD, Freire MG. The Role of Ionic Liquids in the Pharmaceutical Field: An Overview of Relevant Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8298. [PMID: 33167474 PMCID: PMC7663996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Solubility, bioavailability, permeation, polymorphism, and stability concerns associated to solid-state pharmaceuticals demand for effective solutions. To overcome some of these drawbacks, ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated as solvents, reagents, and anti-solvents in the synthesis and crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), as solvents, co-solvents and emulsifiers in drug formulations, as pharmaceuticals (API-ILs) aiming liquid therapeutics, and in the development and/or improvement of drug-delivery-based systems. The present review focuses on the use of ILs in the pharmaceutical field, covering their multiple applications from pharmaceutical synthesis to drug delivery. The most relevant research conducted up to date is presented and discussed, together with a critical analysis of the most significant IL-based strategies in order to improve the performance of therapeutics and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mara G. Freire
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.N.P.); (C.S.R.F.); (A.J.D.S.)
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16
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Blum E, Zhang J, Korshin E, Palczewski K, Gruzman A. Development of chiral fluorinated alkyl derivatives of emixustat as drug candidates for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127421. [PMID: 32717613 PMCID: PMC7494577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of how a photon is converted into a chemical signal is one of the most important achievements in the field of vision. A key molecule in this process is the visual chromophore retinal. Several eye diseases are attributed to the abnormal metabolism of retinal in the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium. Also, the accumulation of two toxic retinal derivatives, N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine and the retinal dimer, can damage the retina leading to blindness. RPE65 (Retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein) is one of the central enzymes that regulates the metabolism of retinal and the formation of its toxic metabolites. Its inhibition might decrease the rate of the retina's degeneration by limiting the amount of retinal and its toxic byproducts. Two RPE65 inhibitors, (R)-emixustat and (R)-MB001, were recently developed for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliav Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Edward Korshin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, and Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
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17
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Marques CSF, Barreto NS, de Oliveira SSC, Santos ALS, Branquinha MH, de Sousa DP, Castro M, Andrade LN, Pereira MM, da Silva CF, Chaud MV, Jain S, Fricks AT, Souto EB, Severino P. β-Cyclodextrin/Isopentyl Caffeate Inclusion Complex: Synthesis, Characterization and Antileishmanial Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:E4181. [PMID: 32932660 PMCID: PMC7570699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isopentyl caffeate (ICaf) is a bioactive ester widely distributed in nature. Our patented work has shown promising results of this molecule against Leishmania. However, ICaf shows poor solubility, which limits its usage in clinical settings. In this work, we have proposed the development of an inclusion complex of ICaf in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), with the aim to improve the drug solubility, and thus, its bioavailability. The inclusion complex (ICaf:β-CD) was developed applying three distinct methods, i.e., physical mixture (PM), kneading (KN) or co-evaporation (CO) in different molar proportions (0.25:1, 1:1 and 2:1). Characterization of the complexes was carried out by thermal analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular docking. The ICaf:β-CD complex in a molar ratio of 1:1 obtained by CO showed the best complexation and, therefore, was selected for further analysis. Solubility assay showed a marked improvement in the ICaf:β-CD (CO, 1:1) solubility profile when compared to the pure ICaf compound. Cell proliferation assay using ICaf:β-CD complex showed an IC50 of 3.8 and 2.7 µg/mL against L. amazonesis and L. chagasi promastigotes, respectively. These results demonstrate the great potential of the inclusion complex to improve the treatment options for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine S. F. Marques
- Postgraduation in Biotechnology Program, Industrial and Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49010-390 Aracaju, Brazil; (C.S.F.M.); (N.S.B.); (S.J.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Nathalia S. Barreto
- Postgraduation in Biotechnology Program, Industrial and Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49010-390 Aracaju, Brazil; (C.S.F.M.); (N.S.B.); (S.J.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Simone S. C. de Oliveira
- Departament of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University l Rio de Janeiro, 21941-918 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; (S.S.C.d.O.); (A.L.S.S.); (M.H.B.)
| | - André L. S. Santos
- Departament of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University l Rio de Janeiro, 21941-918 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; (S.S.C.d.O.); (A.L.S.S.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Marta H. Branquinha
- Departament of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University l Rio de Janeiro, 21941-918 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; (S.S.C.d.O.); (A.L.S.S.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Damião P. de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 Paraíba, Brazil; (D.P.d.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Mayara Castro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 Paraíba, Brazil; (D.P.d.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Luciana N. Andrade
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, CEP 49400-000 Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil;
| | - Matheus M. Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Departamento f Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Classius F. da Silva
- Department of Exact Sciences and Earth, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 09972-270 Diadema CEP, Brazil;
| | - Marco V. Chaud
- Department of Technological and Environmental Processes, Sorocaba University (UNISO), Rod. Raposo Tavares, Km 92.5, 18023-000 Sorocaba, Brazil;
| | - Sona Jain
- Postgraduation in Biotechnology Program, Industrial and Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49010-390 Aracaju, Brazil; (C.S.F.M.); (N.S.B.); (S.J.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Alini T. Fricks
- Postgraduation in Biotechnology Program, Industrial and Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49010-390 Aracaju, Brazil; (C.S.F.M.); (N.S.B.); (S.J.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciênciasda Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Patricia Severino
- Postgraduation in Biotechnology Program, Industrial and Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49010-390 Aracaju, Brazil; (C.S.F.M.); (N.S.B.); (S.J.); (A.T.F.)
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women′s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA
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18
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Brullo C, Rapetti F, Bruno O. Pyrazolyl-Ureas as Interesting Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153457. [PMID: 32751358 PMCID: PMC7435939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrazole nucleus has long been known as a privileged scaffold in the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Within the numerous pyrazole derivatives developed as potential drugs, this review is focused on molecules characterized by a urea function directly linked to the pyrazole nucleus in a different position. In the last 20 years, the interest of numerous researchers has been especially attracted by pyrazolyl-ureas showing a wide spectrum of biological activities, ranging from the antipathogenic activities (bacteria, plasmodium, toxoplasma, and others) to the anticarcinogenic activities. In particular, in the anticancer field, pyrazolyl-ureas have been shown to interact at the intracellular level on many pathways, in particular on different kinases such as Src, p38-MAPK, TrKa, and others. In addition, some of them evidenced an antiangiogenic potential that deserves to be explored. This review therefore summarizes all these biological data (from 2000 to date), including patented compounds.
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19
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Chiummiento L, D’Orsi R, Funicello M, Lupattelli P. Last Decade of Unconventional Methodologies for the Synthesis of Substituted Benzofurans. Molecules 2020; 25:E2327. [PMID: 32429435 PMCID: PMC7288127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the progress of the last decade on the synthesis of substituted benzofurans, which are useful scaffolds for the synthesis of numerous natural products and pharmaceuticals. In particular, new intramolecular and intermolecular C-C and/or C-O bond-forming processes, with transition-metal catalysis or metal-free are summarized. (1) Introduction. (2) Ring generation via intramolecular cyclization. (2.1) C7a-O bond formation: (route a). (2.2) O-C2 bond formation: (route b). (2.3) C2-C3 bond formation: (route c). (2.4) C3-C3a bond formation: (route d). (3) Ring generation via intermolecular cyclization. (3.1) C7a-O and C3-C3a bond formation (route a + d). (3.2) O-C2 and C2-C3 bond formation: (route b + c). (3.3) O-C2 and C3-C3a bond formation: (route b + d). (4) Benzannulation. (5) Conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Chiummiento
- Department of Science, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.D.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
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20
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Qu W, Häkkinen R, Allen J, D'Agostino C, Abbott AP. Globular and Fibrous Proteins Modified with Deep Eutectic Solvents: Materials for Drug Delivery. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193583. [PMID: 31590314 PMCID: PMC6804121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinaceous materials have numerous structures, many of which aid in the roles they perform. Some need to impart strength while others need elasticity or toughness. This study is the first to investigate the modification of both globular and fibrous protein, namely, zein, soy protein and gelatin, using deep eutectic solvents (DES) to form bioplastics, which may have application in drug delivery systems. The effects of DES content on the thermal and mechanical properties of the material were determined. Zein and soy are globular proteins, which both showed a significant change in the properties by the addition of DES. Both of these materials were, however, weaker and less ductile than the starch based materials previously reported in the literature. The material made from gelatin, a fibrous protein, showed variable properties depending on how long they were in contact with each other before pressing. Conductivity and NMR measurements indicate the existence of a continuous liquid phase, which are useful in the demonstrated application of transdermal drug delivery systems. It is shown that pharmaceutical DESs can be gelled with gelatin and this method is three times faster at delivering a pharmaceutical active ingredient across the skin barrier than from a corresponding solid formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Qu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Riina Häkkinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4 E, FI-02150 VTT, Finland.
| | - Jack Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Carmine D'Agostino
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Andrew P Abbott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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21
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Abstract
Trifluoromethoxy (OCF3 ) and difluoromethoxy (OCF2 H) groups are fluorinated structural motifs that exhibit unique physicochemical characteristics. Incorporation of these substituents into organic molecules is a highly desirable approach used in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery processes to alter the properties of a parent compound. Recently, tri- and difluoromethyl ethers have received increasing attention and several innovative strategies to access these valuable functional groups have been developed. The focus of this Minireview is the use of visible-light photoredox catalysis in the synthesis of tri- and difluoromethyl ethers. Recent photocatalytic strategies for the formation of O-CF3 , C-OCF3, O-CF2 H, and C-OCF2 H bonds as well as other transformations leading to the construction of ORF groups are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny W Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Katarzyna N Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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22
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Bruni R, Barreca D, Protti M, Brighenti V, Righetti L, Anceschi L, Mercolini L, Benvenuti S, Gattuso G, Pellati F. Botanical Sources, Chemistry, Analysis, and Biological Activity of Furanocoumarins of Pharmaceutical Interest. Molecules 2019; 24:E2163. [PMID: 31181737 PMCID: PMC6600687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to provide a critical review of plant furanocoumarins from different points of view, including their chemistry and biosynthetic pathways to their extraction, analysis, and synthesis, to the main biological activities found for these active compounds, in order to highlight their potential within pharmaceutical science. The limits and the possible improvements needed for research involving these molecules are also highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Bruni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Lisa Anceschi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Fouad A, Shaykoon MSA, Ibrahim SM, El-Adl SM, Ghanem A. Colistin Sulfate Chiral Stationary Phase for the Enantioselective Separation of Pharmaceuticals Using Organic Polymer Monolithic Capillary Chromatography. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050833. [PMID: 30813595 PMCID: PMC6429358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new functionalized polymer monolithic capillary with a macrocyclic antibiotic, namely colistin sulfate, as chiral selector was prepared via the copolymerization of binary monomer mixtures consisting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in porogenic solvents namely 1-propanol and 1,4-butanediol, in the presence of azobisiso-butyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator and colistin sulfate. The prepared capillaries were investigated for the enantioselective nano-LC separation of a group of racemic pharmaceuticals, namely, α- and β-blockers, anti-inflammatory drugs, antifungal drugs, norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, catecholamines, sedative hypnotics, antihistaminics, anticancer drugs, and antiarrhythmic drugs. Acceptable separation was achieved for many drugs using reversed phase chromatographic conditions with no separation achieved under normal phase conditions. Colistin sulfate appears to be useful addition to the available macrocyclic antibiotic chiral phases used in liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fouad
- Chirality Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Montaser Sh A Shaykoon
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Samy M Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Sobhy M El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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24
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Lambruschini C, Basso A, Banfi L. Integrating biocatalysis and multicomponent reactions. Drug Discov Today Technol 2018; 29:3-9. [PMID: 30471671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While often multicomponent reactions (MCR) are used for the diversity-oriented synthesis of racemic (or achiral) molecular entities, this short review describes two alternative approaches for accessing enantiopure products exploiting the power of biocatalysis. Enzymes or microorganisms may be used for preparing enantiopure MCR inputs or for resolving racemic (or achiral) MCR adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lambruschini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31-16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31-16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Banfi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31-16146, Genova, Italy.
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25
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Abdelraheem EMM, Shaabani S, Dömling A. Macrocycles: MCR synthesis and applications in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today Technol 2018; 29:11-17. [PMID: 30471668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrocycles are an emerging and largely underexploited part of chemical space where potential drugs for difficult genomic targets can be discovered. Macrocycles can have advantages over their natural twins such as better control over synthesis, physicochemical properties and target binding. Fast and convergent synthesis pathways are underdeveloped. Multicomponent reaction (MCR) chemistry is very well suited for the synthesis of a diverse range of macrocycles and is also able to generate great levels of molecular diversity and complexity at low synthetic costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M M Abdelraheem
- University of Groningen, Department of Drug Design, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- University of Groningen, Department of Drug Design, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- University of Groningen, Department of Drug Design, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Voronin VV, Ledovskaya MS, Bogachenkov AS, Rodygin KS, Ananikov VP. Acetylene in Organic Synthesis: Recent Progress and New Uses. Molecules 2018; 23:E2442. [PMID: 30250005 PMCID: PMC6222752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in the leading synthetic applications of acetylene is discussed from the prospect of rapid development and novel opportunities. A diversity of reactions involving the acetylene molecule to carry out vinylation processes, cross-coupling reactions, synthesis of substituted alkynes, preparation of heterocycles and the construction of a number of functionalized molecules with different levels of molecular complexity were recently studied. Of particular importance is the utilization of acetylene in the synthesis of pharmaceutical substances and drugs. The increasing interest in acetylene and its involvement in organic transformations highlights a fascinating renaissance of this simplest alkyne molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Voronin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky prospect 26, Peterhof 198504, Russia.
| | - Maria S Ledovskaya
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky prospect 26, Peterhof 198504, Russia.
| | - Alexander S Bogachenkov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky prospect 26, Peterhof 198504, Russia.
| | - Konstantin S Rodygin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky prospect 26, Peterhof 198504, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky prospect 26, Peterhof 198504, Russia.
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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27
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Pawełczyk A, Sowa-Kasprzak K, Olender D, Zaprutko L. Microwave (MW), Ultrasound (US) and Combined Synergic MW-US Strategies for Rapid Functionalization of Pharmaceutical Use Phenols. Molecules 2018; 23:E2360. [PMID: 30223575 PMCID: PMC6225243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly stringent regulations aimed at protection of the natural environment have stimulated the search for new synthetic methodologies in organic and medicinal chemistry having no or minimum harmful effect. An interesting approach is the use of alternative activation factors, microwaves (MW) or ultrasounds (US) and also their cross-combination, which has been tested in the fast and efficient creation of new structures. At present, an easy and green hybrid strategy ("Lego" chemistry) is generally recommended for the design of new substances from different chemistry building blocks. Often, selected biologically active components with specific chemical reactivities are integrated by a suitably designed homo- or heterodifunctional linker that modifies the functionality of the starting structure, allowing easy covalent linkage to another molecule. In this study, a fast introduction of heterodifunctional halogenoacidic linker to selected mono-, di- and triphenolic active substances, allowing their functionalization, was investigated. Nucleophilic substitution reaction was chosen to produce final ethers with the reactive carboxylic group from phenols. The functionalization was performed using various green factors initiating and supporting the chemical reactions (MW, US, MW-US). The benefits of the three green supporting methods and different conditions of reactions were analyzed and compared with the results of the reaction performed by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pawełczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Sowa-Kasprzak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dorota Olender
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Lucjusz Zaprutko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland.
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28
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De Benedetti PG, Fanelli F. Computational modeling approaches to quantitative structure-binding kinetics relationships in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1396-1406. [PMID: 29574212 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple comparative correlation analyses and quantitative structure-kinetics relationship (QSKR) models highlight the interplay of kinetic rates and binding affinity as an essential feature in drug design and discovery. The choice of the molecular series, and their structural variations, used in QSKR modeling is fundamental to understanding the mechanistic implications of ligand and/or drug-target binding and/or unbinding processes. Here, we discuss the implications of linear correlations between kinetic rates and binding affinity constants and the relevance of the computational approaches to QSKR modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier G De Benedetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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29
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Abstract
Many drug fragments and therapeutic compounds contain multiple pyridines and diazines. Developing site-selective reactions where specific C-H bonds can be transformed in polyazine structures would enable rapid access to valuable derivatives. We present a study that addresses this challenge by selectively installing a phosphonium ion as a versatile functional handle. Inherent factors that control site-selectivity are described along with mechanistically driven approaches for site-selective switching, where the C-+PPh3 group can be predictably installed at other positions in the polyazine system. Simple protocols, readily available reagents, and application to complex drug-like molecules make this approach appealing to medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Dolewski
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Patrick J. Fricke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Andrew McNally
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
Colorado 80523, United States
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30
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Abstract
Since its introduction in 1982, biopharmaceutical drugs have revolutionized the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases and are increasingly used in nearly all branches of medicine. In recent years, the biopharmaceuticals market has developed much faster than the market for all drugs and is believed to have great potential for further dynamic growth because of the tremendous demand for these drugs. Biobetters, which contain altered active pharmaceutical ingredients with enhanced efficacy, will play an important role in the development of biopharmaceuticals. Another significant group of biopharmaceuticals are biosimilars. Their introduction in the European Union and, recently, the Unites States markets will reduce the costs of biopharmaceutical treatment. This review highlights recent progress in the field of biopharmaceutical development and issues concerning the registration of innovative biopharmaceuticals and biosimilars. The leading class of biopharmaceuticals, the current biopharmaceuticals market, and forecasts are also discussed.
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Douroumis
- Professor in Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Engineering Director of Centre for Innovation in Process Engineering and Research (CIPER) University of Greenwich, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, Kent, UK; Professor of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Arundel Building School of Life Sciences (Pharmacy), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Professor in Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Engineering Director of Centre for Innovation in Process Engineering and Research (CIPER) University of Greenwich, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, Kent, UK; Professor of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Arundel Building School of Life Sciences (Pharmacy), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
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33
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Li C, Wang J, Barton LM, Yu S, Tian M, Peters DS, Kumar M, Yu AW, Johnson KA, Chatterjee AK, Yan M, Baran PS. Decarboxylative borylation. Science 2017; 356:eaam7355. [PMID: 28408721 PMCID: PMC5807063 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam7355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of alkyl boronic acids and esters is frequently hampered by the challenges associated with their preparation. We describe a simple and practical method to rapidly access densely functionalized alkyl boronate esters from abundant carboxylic substituents. This broad-scope nickel-catalyzed reaction uses the same activating principle as amide bond formation to replace a carboxylic acid moiety with a boronate ester. Application to peptides allowed expedient preparations of α-amino boronic acids, often with high stereoselectivity, thereby facilitating synthesis of the alkyl boronic acid drugs Velcade and Ninlaro as well as a boronic acid version of the iconic antibiotic vancomycin. The reaction also enabled the discovery and extensive biological characterization of potent human neutrophil elastase inhibitors, which offer reversible covalent binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lisa M Barton
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shan Yu
- Calibr, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maoqun Tian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David S Peters
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Calibr, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Antony W Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristen A Johnson
- Calibr, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Arnab K Chatterjee
- Calibr, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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34
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Kragelj Lapanja N, Toplak Časar R, Jurca S, Doljak B. Theoretical Purge Factor Determination as a Control Strategy for Potential Mutagenic Impurities in the Synthesis of Drug Substances. Acta Chim Slov 2017; 64:1-14. [PMID: 28380232 DOI: 10.17344/acsi.2016.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutagenic impurities (MIs) are of serious concern for pharmaceutical industry, regulatory agencies and public health. The first guideline addressing the control of genotoxic impurities (GTIs) dates back to 2006. Since then there have been several updates and refinements, which eventually resulted in the guideline, published by the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) in June 2014. The ICH M7 guideline, compared to previous ones, offers greater flexibility in terms of control strategies for GTIs in drug substances. More specifically, it describes a control strategy that relies on process controls in lieu of analytical testing which is based on understanding the process chemistry and process parameters that impact the levels of GTIs. This principle is adopted in the theoretical purge factor determination tool proposed by Teasdale et al. Several case studies applying the proposed theoretical purge factor determination tool were published in recent years. The results confirm the tool's good predictability of the extent to which the impurity is removed by the process. Hopefully, this approach will soon be released as an in-silico tool, generally accepted by the regulatory agencies.
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35
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Barhouchi B, Aouadi S, Abdi A. Preparations based on minerals extracts of Calicotome villosa roots and bovine butyrate matter: Evaluation in vitro of their antifungal activity. J Mycol Med 2017; 27:210-219. [PMID: 28286025 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of preparations based on minerals extracts of Calicotome villosa and butter is born from the misuse of drugs without specific microbiological analyzes. Seventeen different preparations were performed. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were determined on five bacteria and two fungi strains respectively. MATERIAL AND METHODS C. villosa ashes are obtained by incineration of roots plant at 498°C for 4hours. They are analyzed to determine the shape of the particles and the mineral constituents by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques respectively. The effectiveness of preparations or tablets is measured in solid medium. It allows to measure the diameter of the inhibition zone for the antibacterial activity as well as the diameter of mycelia growth and the critical values (MIC, MFC, IC50 and IC90) for the antifungal activity. Finally, the results are compared to the activity of a commercial positive control aiming to give value of the observed activity. RESULTS SEM observations reveal the presence of nanoparticles agglomerated with size of about 50nm. The EDX analyzes indicate the presence of Fe, Na, Al, Mg, Si, K, Ca, O2 and C. Among all the results, the preparation (Bs+A) or (Bsd+A) can completely inhibit the growth of two fungal pathogens. The activity of the preparation is faced with the activity of the synthetic fungicide nystatin. CONCLUSION The efficacy of the preparation (Bs+A) or (Bsd+A) is higher than that of nystatin against Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. The preparation could serve as natural antifungal for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Barhouchi
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar - Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria.
| | - S Aouadi
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar - Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - A Abdi
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar - Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
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36
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Zarins-Tutt JS, Abraham ER, Bailey CS, Goss RJM. Bluegenics: Bioactive Natural Products of Medicinal Relevance and Approaches to Their Diversification. Prog Mol Subcell Biol 2017; 55:159-186. [PMID: 28238038 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nature provides a valuable resource of medicinally relevant compounds, with many antimicrobial and antitumor agents entering clinical trials being derived from natural products. The generation of analogues of these bioactive natural products is important in order to gain a greater understanding of structure activity relationships; probing the mechanism of action, as well as to optimise the natural product's bioactivity and bioavailability. This chapter critically examines different approaches to generating natural products and their analogues, exploring the way in which synthetic and biosynthetic approaches may be blended together to enable expeditious access to new designer natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily R Abraham
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Rebecca J M Goss
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK.
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Bana P, Örkényi R, Lövei K, Lakó Á, Túrós GI, Éles J, Faigl F, Greiner I. The route from problem to solution in multistep continuous flow synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:6180-6189. [PMID: 28087127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of continuous flow chemistry allow the multistep preparation of complex molecules such as APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) in a telescoped manner. Numerous examples of laboratory-scale applications are described, which are pointing towards novel manufacturing processes of pharmaceutical compounds, in accordance with recent regulatory, economical and quality guidances. The chemical and technical knowledge gained during these studies is considerable; nevertheless, connecting several individual chemical transformations and the attached analytics and purification holds hidden traps. In this review, we summarize innovative solutions for these challenges, in order to benefit chemists aiming to exploit flow chemistry systems for the synthesis of biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Bana
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Örkényi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Lövei
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, H-1103 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Lakó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - János Éles
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, H-1103 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Faigl
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-BME Organic Chemical Technology Research Group, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Greiner
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, H-1103 Budapest, Hungary.
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38
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Suvikas-Peltonen E, Granfors E, Celikkayalar E, Laaksonen R, Palmgren J, Airaksinen M. Development and content validation of an assessment tool for medicine compounding on hospital wards. Int J Clin Pharm 2016; 38:1457-1463. [PMID: 27817169 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-016-0389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Medicines should be compounded by using an aseptic technique to assure patient safety. The parenteral administration of microbiologically contaminated doses can result in bacteriaemia, other morbidity and even death. Objective The purpose was to develop and content validate an assessment tool for medicine compounding on hospital wards suitable for self-assessment and external audit to ensure the safety of medicine compounding on wards. Setting Finland as setting. Method The first draft of the tool was based on ISMP "Guidelines for safe preparation of sterile compounds" and a systematic literature search. The tool was validated by using a two-rounded Delphi-method with a panel of 19 experts. Suitability and feasibility of each item was evaluated. Main outcome measure An agreement of ≥70% on each item was required. Results The final tool comprises of 64 items under the following topics: (1) general principles of good compounding practices (23 items), (2) recording and confirming medicine orders on the wards (5 items), (3) storage of medicines on the wards (7), (4) aseptic compounding of intravenous medicines (25 items) and (5) quality assurance (4 items). Most items related to General principles of good compounding practices and Compounding of IV medicines (36 and 38% of the items, respectively). Conclusion It was possible to develop and content validate, by the Delphi method, an assessment tool for safe aseptic compounding on hospital wards. A two-round Delphi process yielded consensus on 64 items for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raisa Laaksonen
- Helsingin yliopisto, Viikinkaari 9 (PL 56), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joni Palmgren
- Satakunta Central Hospital, Sairaalantie 3, 28500, Pori, Finland
| | - Marja Airaksinen
- Helsingin yliopisto, Viikinkaari 9 (PL 56), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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39
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Abstract
AIM Many medicinal chemistry-relevant structures and core scaffolds tend toward geometric planarity, which hampers the optimization of physicochemical properties desirable in drug-like molecules. As challenging drug target classes emerge, the exploitation of molecular three-dimensionality in lead optimization is becoming increasingly important. While recent interest has emphasized the importance of enhanced three-dimensionality in molecular fragment designs, the extent to which this is required in core scaffolds remains unclear. MATERIALS & METHODS Three computational methods, Scaffold Tree deconstruction, Synthetic Disconnection Rules retrosynthetic deconstruction and virtual library enumeration, are applied, together with the descriptors plane of best fit and principal moments of inertia, to investigate the origins of three-dimensionality in drug-like molecules. CONCLUSION This study informs on the stage at which molecular three-dimensionality should be considered in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Meyers
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer
Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Michael Carter
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer
Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - N. Yi Mok
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer
Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Nathan Brown
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer
Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
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Monteyne T, Heeze L, Mortier STFC, Oldörp K, Cardinaels R, Nopens I, Vervaet C, Remon JP, De Beer T. The use of Rheology Combined with Differential Scanning Calorimetry to Elucidate the Granulation Mechanism of an Immiscible Formulation During Continuous Twin-Screw Melt Granulation. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2481-94. [PMID: 27335024 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Twin screw hot melt granulation (TS HMG) is a valuable, but still unexplored alternative to continuous granulation of moisture sensitive drugs. However, knowledge of the material behavior during TS HMG is crucial to optimize the formulation, process and resulting granule properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agglomeration mechanism during TS HMG using a rheometer in combination with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). METHODS An immiscible drug-binder formulation (caffeine-Soluplus(®)) was granulated via TS HMG in combination with thermal and rheological analysis (conventional and Rheoscope), granule characterization and Near Infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI). RESULTS A thin binder layer with restricted mobility was formed on the surface of the drug particles during granulation and is covered by a second layer with improved mobility when the Soluplus(®) concentration exceeded 15% (w/w). The formation of this second layer was facilitated at elevated granulation temperatures and resulted in smaller and more spherical granules. CONCLUSION The combination of thermal and rheological analysis and NIR-CI images was advantageous to develop in-depth understanding of the agglomeration mechanism during continuous TS HMG and provided insight in the granule properties as function of process temperature and binder concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne Monteyne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Liza Heeze
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Severine Therese F C Mortier
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653,, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Klaus Oldörp
- Center for Material Characterization of Products, Thermo sher Dieselstrasse 4,, 76227, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Gemini-Zuid 4.142, 5600, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653,, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460,, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Remon
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460,, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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41
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Bezborodov AM, Zagustina NA. [Enzymatic biocatalysis in chemical synthesis of pharmaceuticals]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2016; 52:257-271. [PMID: 29509380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review we summarize the available research on enzymatic biocatalysis in the chemical synthesis of drugs. We focus on oxydoreductsases, particularly ketoreductases, that are widely used in biotechnological processes: alpha- and omega-transaminases, lipases, nitrile hydrolases, and aldolases. The potential for the extended use of novel enzymes produced via bioengineering is discussed.
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42
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Jia X, Deng Z, Liu T. [Progress of cell-free protein synthesis system and its applications in pharmaceutical engineering - A review]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2016; 56:530-542. [PMID: 27382794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems have been widely used for decades as a rapid and efficient tool in fundamental biology. Without the requirements for cell viability and growth, CFPS systems have distinct advantages over in vivo systems for protein production. Recently, great efforts have been made to further optimize CFPS systems to produce proteins at high yields, reduced cost and increased scale, including simplifying extract preparation procedures, developing new energy regeneration systems to protein synthesis, stabilizing substrate supply and promoting protein folding. Nowadays, CFPS systems are emerging as a powerful platform for industrial and high-throughput production of protein therapeutics, providing an alternative solution to solve problems in biopharmaceutical engineering. Moreover, CFPS systems have been successfully applied to high-throughput drug screening, large-scale protein therapeutics production, custom-made anti-cancer vaccines. These achievements highlight that CFPS systems have great potential for a wide range of applications in biopharmaceutical engineering in the future.
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43
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Stratton CF, Newman DJ, Tan DS. Cheminformatic comparison of approved drugs from natural product versus synthetic origins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4802-4807. [PMID: 26254944 PMCID: PMC4607632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent decline of natural product discovery programs in the pharmaceutical industry, approximately half of all new drug approvals still trace their structural origins to a natural product. Herein, we use principal component analysis to compare the structural and physicochemical features of drugs from natural product-based versus completely synthetic origins that were approved between 1981 and 2010. Drugs based on natural product structures display greater chemical diversity and occupy larger regions of chemical space than drugs from completely synthetic origins. Notably, synthetic drugs based on natural product pharmacophores also exhibit lower hydrophobicity and greater stereochemical content than drugs from completely synthetic origins. These results illustrate that structural features found in natural products can be successfully incorporated into synthetic drugs, thereby increasing the chemical diversity available for small-molecule drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Stratton
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Box 422, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David J Newman
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, PO Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Derek S Tan
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Box 422, New York, NY 10065, USA; Chemical Biology Program and Tri-Institutional Research Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Box 422, New York, NY 10065, USA
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44
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Allison G, Cain YT, Cooney C, Garcia T, Bizjak TG, Holte O, Jagota N, Komas B, Korakianiti E, Kourti D, Madurawe R, Morefield E, Montgomery F, Nasr M, Randolph W, Robert JL, Rudd D, Zezza D. Regulatory and quality considerations for continuous manufacturing. May 20-21, 2014 Continuous Manufacturing Symposium. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:803-812. [PMID: 25830179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper assesses the current regulatory environment, relevant regulations and guidelines, and their impact on continuous manufacturing. It summarizes current regulatory experience and learning from both review and inspection perspectives. It outlines key regulatory aspects, including continuous manufacturing process description and control strategy in regulatory files, process validation, and key Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) requirements. In addition, the paper identifies regulatory gaps and challenges and proposes a way forward to facilitate implementation.
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45
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Jatczak K, Grynkiewicz G. Triterpene sapogenins with oleanene skeleton: chemotypes and biological activities. Acta Biochim Pol 2014; 61:227-243. [PMID: 24918494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Critical survey of a selected class of pentacyclic triterpenes--the oleanane family, is presented based on current literature in order to underline their value for medicinal chemistry and drug development potential. Oleanenes may be considered as a renewable resource of valuable research materials which are structurally diverse, inherently biocompatible and have built-in affinity for many categories of functional proteins. Although availability of particular compounds from natural sources may be very low, synthetic methods elaborated by generations of chemists, secure a way to obtaining desirable structures from commercial starting materials.
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Abstract
Terpenoids constitute a significant fraction of molecules produced by living organisms that have found use in medicine and other industries. Problems associated with their procurement and adaptation for human use can be solved using chemical synthesis, which is an increasingly economical option in the modern era of chemistry. This article documents, by way of individual case studies, strategies for reducing the time and cost of terpene synthesis for drug discovery. A major trend evident in recent syntheses is that complex terpenes are increasingly realistic starting points for both medicinal chemistry campaigns and large-scale syntheses, at least in the context of the academic laboratory, and this trend will likely penetrate the commercial sector in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Jansen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Fejerskov B, Jensen NBS, Teo BM, Städler B, Zelikin AN. Biocatalytic polymer coatings: on-demand drug synthesis and localized therapeutic effect under dynamic cell culture conditions. Small 2014; 10:1314-1324. [PMID: 24376172 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic surface coatings are prepared herein for localized synthesis of drugs and their on-demand, site-specific delivery to adhering cells. This novel approach is based on the incorporation of an enzyme into multilayered polymer coatings to accomplish enzyme-prodrug therapy (EPT). The build-up of enzyme-containing multilayered coatings is characterized and correlations are drawn between the multilayer film assembly conditions and the enzymatic activity of the resulting coatings. Therapeutic effect elicited by the substrate mediated EPT (SMEPT) strategy is investigated using a prodrug for an anticancer agent, SN-38. The performance of biocatalytic coatings under flow conditions is investigated and it is demonstrated that EPT allows synthesizing the drugs on-demand, at the time desired and in a controllable amount to suit particular applications. Finally, using cells cultured in sequentially connected flow chambers, it is demonstrated that SMEPT affords a site-specific drug delivery, that is, exerts a higher therapeutic effect in cells adhering directly to the biocatalytic coatings than in the cells cultured "downstream". Taken together, these data illustrate biomedical opportunities made possible by engineering tools of EPT into multilayered polymer coatings and present a novel, highly versatile tool for surface mediated drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Fejerskov
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
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Sandler N, Kassamakov I, Ehlers H, Genina N, Ylitalo T, Haeggstrom E. Rapid interferometric imaging of printed drug laden multilayer structures. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4020. [PMID: 24503863 PMCID: PMC3916789 DOI: 10.1038/srep04020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The developments in printing technologies allow fabrication of micron-size nano-layered delivery systems to personal specifications. In this study we fabricated layered polymer structures for drug-delivery into a microfluidic channel and aimed to interferometrically assure their topography and adherence to each other. We present a scanning white light interferometer (SWLI) method for quantitative assurance of the topography of the embedded structure. We determined rapidly in non-destructive manner the thickness and roughness of the structures and whether the printed layers containing polymers or/and active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) adhere to each other. This is crucial in order to have predetermined drug release profiles. We also demonstrate non-invasive measurement of a polymer structure in a microfluidic channel. It shown that traceable interferometric 3D microscopy is a viable technique for detailed structural quality assurance of layered drug-delivery systems. The approach can have impact and find use in a much broader setting within and outside life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Sandler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ivan Kassamakov
- Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Division of Materials Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Ehlers
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Natalja Genina
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomo Ylitalo
- Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Division of Materials Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Edward Haeggstrom
- Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Division of Materials Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Madhupriya S, Elango KP. Synthesis, spectral characterization and catalytic activity of Co(II) complexes of drugs: crystal structure of Co(II)-trimethoprim complex. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 118:337-342. [PMID: 24060479 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
New Co(II) complexes with drugs such as trimethoprim (TMP), cimetidine (CTD), niacinamide (NAM) and ofloxacin (OFL) as ligands were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by analytical analysis, various spectral techniques such as FT-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic measurements and molar conductivity. The magnetic susceptibility results coupled with the electronic spectra suggested a tetrahedral geometry for the complexes. The coordination mode of trimethoprim ligand and geometry of the complex were confirmed by single crystal X-ray studies. In this complex the metal ion possesses a tetrahedral geometry with two nitrogen atom from two TMP ligands and two chloride ions coordinated to it. The catalytic activity of the complexes in aryl-aryl coupling reaction was screened and the results indicated that among the four complexes [Co(OFL)Cl(H2O)] exhibited excellent catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Madhupriya
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed University, Gandhigram 624 302, India
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de Fátima A, Terra BS, da Silva CM, da Silva DL, Araujo DP, da Silva Neto L, Nascimento de Aquino RA. From nature to market: examples of natural products that became drugs. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2014; 8:76-88. [PMID: 24354526 DOI: 10.2174/1872208307666131220163108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nature is an irrefutable source of inspiration for the modern man in many aspects. The observation and understanding of nature have allowed the development of new materials, new sources of energies, new drugs etc. Specifically, natural products provide a great contribution to the development of new agents for the treatment of infections and antitumor agents. However, obtaining natural products directly from animals, fungi, bacteria, plants etc has been considered not enough to attend the high demand by pharmaceutical industries. In this regard, various strategies based on biotechnological processes or synthetic approaches have been developed. In this scenario the total synthesis can be undoubtedly a useful and powerful tool for obtaining higher amounts of natural products and/or structural modifications thereof. Herein, we emphasize successful examples of total synthesis of galanthamine, morphine, paclitaxel and podophyllotoxin - natural products approved as pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roney Anderson Nascimento de Aquino
- Grupo de Estudos em Química Organica e Biologica (GEQOB), Departamento de Quimica, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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