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Khouri IF, Alzahrani K, Kantarjian H, Milton DR, Gulbis AM, Sasaki K, Jain N, Short NJ, Kadia T, Daher M, Rafei H, Im JS, Marin D, Olson AL, Popat U, Qazilbash M, Ramdial J, Rondon G, Srour S, Kebriaei P, Shpall E, Champlin R, Jabbour EJ. Safety and long-term survival results of the addition of inotuzumab ozogamicin to the conditioning regimen of allogeneic stem cell transplantation: A single-center phase 1,2 trial. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:836-843. [PMID: 38400519 PMCID: PMC11001510 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Here we report on the first prospective study evaluating the safety and long-term survival when an escalating dose of inotuzumab ozogamicin (INO) (0.6, 1.2, or 1.8 mg/m2 on day 13) was added to one alkylator-containing conditioning regimen in patients with relapsed CD22 (+) lymphoid malignancies who were candidates for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Twenty-six patients were enrolled. Six (23%) of these patients entered the phase 1 study: four were treated at an INO dose of 0.6 mg/m2 and two at dose of 1.2 mg/m2. None of these patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities. The remaining 20 (77%) patients entered the phase 2 part of the study at the maximum dose of 1.8 mg/m2. One patient developed VOD; this patient had received nivolumab immediately before HSCT while simultaneously experiencing hyperacute graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). Treatment-related mortality (TRM) at 5 years was 12%. With a median follow-up of 48.7 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 84% and 80%, respectively. Compared with a historical cohort who received same conditioning for HSCT but without INO (n = 56), the INO group showed no significant differences in incidence of liver toxicity, engraftment time, TRM, or risk of acute GVHD. Patients with lymphoma who received INO had a trend for a better 5-year OS (93% versus 68%) and PFS (93% versus 58%) than those in the control group. In conclusion, our results showed that INO is safe with no increased risk of VOD when combined with one alkylator-containing regimen of HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa F. Khouri
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kamal Alzahrani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Denái R. Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alison M. Gulbis
- Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Koji Sasaki
- Department of Leukemia, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nicholas J. Short
- Department of Leukemia, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Tapan Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - May Daher
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hind Rafei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jin S. Im
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David Marin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Amanda L. Olson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Uday Popat
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Muzaffar Qazilbash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jeremy Ramdial
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gabriela Rondon
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Samer Srour
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Partow Kebriaei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elizabeth Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Richard Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elias J. Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Thomas JD, Yurkovetskiy AV, Yin M, Bodyak ND, Tang S, Protopopova M, Kelleher E, Jones B, Yang L, Custar D, Catcott KC, Demady DR, Collins SD, Xu L, Bu C, Qin L, Ter-Ovanesyan E, Damelin M, Toader D, Lowinger TB. Development of a Novel DNA Mono-alkylator Platform for Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:541-551. [PMID: 38354416 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Although microtubule inhibitors (MTI) remain a therapeutically valuable payload option for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), some cancers do not respond to MTI-based ADCs. Efforts to fill this therapeutic gap have led to a recent expansion of the ADC payload "toolbox" to include payloads with novel mechanisms of action such as topoisomerase inhibition and DNA cross-linking. We present here the development of a novel DNA mono-alkylator ADC platform that exhibits sustained tumor growth suppression at single doses in MTI-resistant tumors and is well tolerated in the rat upon repeat dosing. A phosphoramidate prodrug of the payload enables low ADC aggregation even at drug-to-antibody ratios of 5:1 while still delivering a bystander-capable payload that is effective in multidrug resistant (MDR)-overexpressing cell lines. The platform was comparable in xenograft studies to the clinical benchmark DNA mono-alkylator ADC platform DGN459 but with a significantly better tolerability profile in rats. Thus, the activity and tolerability profile of this new platform make it a viable option for the development of ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mao Yin
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Shuyi Tang
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Brian Jones
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Liping Yang
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Custar
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Damon R Demady
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ling Xu
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Charlie Bu
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - LiuLiang Qin
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Marc Damelin
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dorin Toader
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Galli E, Metafuni E, Gandi C, Limongiello MA, Giammarco S, Mattozzi A, Santangelo R, Bacigalupo A, Sorà F, Chiusolo P, Sica S. Risk factors for hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a letermovir-exposed CMV-free population receiving PTCy. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:577-584. [PMID: 38183299 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a highly impacting complication in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), occurring in 12%-37% of patients. The impact of transplant- and patient-specific variables has been described, with a possible role for JCV and BKV, which may be cooperating with cytomegalovirus (CMV). Here, we analyze 134 letermovir-exposed, CMV-free patients, treated with the same cyclophosphamide-based graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, describing risk factors for HC. The overall incidence of HC was 23%. Patients with HLA mismatched transplant, higher comorbidity score, and receiving three alkylating agents with TBF (thiotepa, busulfan, and fludarabine) conditioning regimen had a higher risk of HC in multivariate analysis (OR: 4.48, 6.32, and 1.32, respectively). A HC-score including male gender, TBF conditioning, and HLA-mismatch stratifies the risk of HC in the first 100 days after HSCT. The role of BKV and JCV was not highly impacting in those patients, suggesting a possible synergistic effect between CMV and JCV in causing HC. HC can be interpreted as the combination of patient-related factors, chemotherapy-related toxicities-especially due to alkylating agents-and immunological elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Galli
- UOC Ematologia e Trapianto di cellule staminali emopoietiche, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Metafuni
- UOC Ematologia e Trapianto di cellule staminali emopoietiche, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Gandi
- UOC Clinica Urologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Addominali ed Endocrino Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Limongiello
- UOC Ematologia e Trapianto di cellule staminali emopoietiche, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Giammarco
- UOC Ematologia e Trapianto di cellule staminali emopoietiche, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattozzi
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Santangelo
- UOC Microbiologia, Dipartimento di scienze di laboratorio e infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Sezione di Microbiologia e Virologia, Dipartimento di Scienze biotecnologiche di base, cliniche intensivologiche e perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bacigalupo
- UOC Ematologia e Trapianto di cellule staminali emopoietiche, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sorà
- UOC Ematologia e Trapianto di cellule staminali emopoietiche, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Chiusolo
- UOC Ematologia e Trapianto di cellule staminali emopoietiche, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Sica
- UOC Ematologia e Trapianto di cellule staminali emopoietiche, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Agarwal N, Krishna TS, Simha RA, Braganza AD, Gowri M, Abraham LM. Comparison of the safety and efficacy of Mitomycin C 0.02% used intra-operatively by subconjunctival injection versus direct scleral application using sponges in phacotrabeculectomy: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:402-407. [PMID: 38099367 PMCID: PMC11001239 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1308_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the safety and efficacy of subconjunctival injection (MMC: 0.02%) to those with subconjunctival application of sponges soaked in Mitomycin C (MMC: 0.02%) intra-operatively in patients who underwent phacotrabeculectomy. METHODS A total of 68 patients undergoing phacotrabeculectomy were randomized into two groups; the sponge group received 0.02% MMC-soaked sponges (n = 38), and the injection group received subconjunctival injection of 0.02% MMC (n = 30). The primary outcome was post-operative mean intra-ocular pressure reduction (IOP). The secondary outcomes were bleb morphology using Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Score (IBAGS) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), post-operative use of 5-fluorouracil, and complications rates. These were compared at 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months post-operatively. Complete success was defined as ≥30% reduction in IOP without anti-glaucoma medications. RESULTS In sponge and injection groups, the mean pre-operative IOP was 29.1 ± 8.1 and 29.8 ± 8.8 mmHg, respectively. At 6 months, IOP in sponge and injection groups reduced by 52% (14 ± 3.6 mmHg, P < 0.001) and 50% (15.2 ± 4.1 mmHg, P < 0.001), respectively. Complete success was observed in 90.9% in the sponge group and 95.83% in the injection group. Both groups had diffuse, shallow, relatively avascular blebs at 6 months using IBAGS and AS-OCT. A few complications were seen in the sponge group during this period, which were not vision-threatening. CONCLUSION Subconjunctival MMC injection is an effective, safe, convenient, and time-saving alternative to sponge-soaked delivery of MMC in phacotrabeculectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Agarwal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thuhin S Krishna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Arathi Simha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Andrew D Braganza
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahasampath Gowri
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lekha M Abraham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rabassa-Blanco J, Brunet-Llobet L, Marcote-Sinclair P, Balsells-Mejía S, Correa-Llano MG, Miranda-Rius J. Prevalence of, and risk factors for, dental sequelae in adolescents who underwent cancer therapy during childhood. Oral Dis 2024; 30:604-614. [PMID: 35841375 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increase in survival rates in children treated for cancer has been accompanied by a rise in sequelae in permanent teeth. The aim of the study was to correlate the type of cancer therapy administered to patients during early childhood and the dental sequelae recorded in survivors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Single-center retrospective cohort study carried out at the Children's University Hospital of Sant Joan de Déu in Barcelona, Spain. Hundred and nine patients who had received cancer treatment during early childhood were randomly examined and grouped according to diagnosis and cancer therapy received. The type of therapy was correlated with the number and severity of dental lesions that patients presented in adolescence. RESULTS Dental sequelae of some kind were present in 85.3% of patients. Microdontia was the most prevalent (52.3%). Treatment with alkylating agents had a relative risk of presenting moderate lesions of 3.36 (1.18-9.60), and one of 2.29 (1.07-4.91) of presenting severe lesions. Topoisomerase inhibitors and cytotoxic antibiotics presented relative risks of 1.6 (1.07-2.38) and 2.08 (1.02-4.26) of root alterations and agenesis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with alkylating agents together with cytotoxic antibiotics and topoisomerase inhibitors was associated with a higher relative risk of microdontia, agenesis, and root shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Rabassa-Blanco
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Odontostomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Brunet-Llobet
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics, and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Marcote-Sinclair
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Developmental Cancer Survivors Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sol Balsells-Mejía
- Department of Research Promotion and Management. Statistical Support, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jaume Miranda-Rius
- Department of Odontostomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics, and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
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Duque-Afonso J, Finke J, Ngoya M, Galimard JE, Craddock C, Raj K, Bloor A, Nicholson E, Eder M, Kim O, Valerius T, Snowden JA, Tholouli E, Crawley C, Collin M, Wilson KMO, Gadisseur A, Protheroe R, Wagner-Drouet EM, Savani BN, Spyridonidis A, Ciceri F, Nagler A, Mohty M. Comparison of fludarabine/melphalan (FluMel) with fludarabine/melphalan/BCNU or thiotepa (FBM/FTM) in patients with AML in first complete remission undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - a registry study on behalf of the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:247-254. [PMID: 38040842 PMCID: PMC10849951 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-02150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Conditioning protocols for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) are being developed continuously to improve their anti-leukemic efficacy and reduce their toxicity. In this study, we compared the conditioning protocol of fludarabine with melphalan 140 mg/m2 (FluMel) with conditioning protocols based on this same backbone but with an additional alkylating agent i.e., either fludarabine/BCNU (also known as carmustine)/melphalan (FBM), or fludarabine/thiotepa/melphalan (FTM) 110 mg/m2. We included 1272 adult patients (FluMel, n = 1002; FBM/FTM, n = 270) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with intermediate/poor cytogenetic risk in first complete remission (CR) from the registry of the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party. Despite patients in the FBM/FTM group were older (64.1 years vs. 59.8 years, p < 0.001) and had a worse Karnofsky performance score (KPS < 90, 33% vs. 24%, p = 0.003), they showed a better overall survival (OS) (2 y OS: 68.3% vs. 58.1%, p = 0.02) and less non-relapse mortality (NRM) (2 y NRM: 15.8% vs. 22.2%, p = 0.009) compared to patients treated with FluMel. No significant differences were observed in relapse incidence (RI) (2 y RI: 24.9% vs. 23.7%, p = 0.62). In conclusion, the addition of a second alkylating agent (BCNU/carmustine or thiotepa) to FluMel as FBM/FTM conditioning, improves OS in AML patients in first CR with intermediate/poor risk cytogenetics after allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Duque-Afonso
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Finke
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maud Ngoya
- EBMT Statistical Unit, INSERM UMRs 938, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | - Charles Craddock
- Birmingham Centre for Cellular Therapy and Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kavita Raj
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adrian Bloor
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma Nicholson
- Department of Haematology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Haematology, Hannover Medical School, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Orchard Kim
- Department of Haematology, Southampton General Hospital, Haematology, Oncology & Paediatrics, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Section of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Kiel, Germany
| | - John A Snowden
- Department of Hematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eleni Tholouli
- Clinical Haematology Department, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Charles Crawley
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Collin
- Adult HSCT unit, Northern Centre for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Tyne, UK
| | - Keith M O Wilson
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alain Gadisseur
- Department of Hematology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Antwerp Edegem, Belgium
| | - Rachel Protheroe
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Eva Maria Wagner-Drouet
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Mainz, Oncology and Pneumology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bipin N Savani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Fabio Ciceri
- University Vita-Salute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Sorbonne University, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM UMRs 938, Paris, France.
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Keefe KW, Lanes A, Stratton K, Green DM, Chow EJ, Oeffinger KC, Barton S, Diller L, Yasui Y, Leisenring WM, Armstrong GT, Ginsburg ES. Assisted reproductive technology use and outcomes in childhood cancer survivors. Cancer 2024; 130:128-139. [PMID: 37732943 PMCID: PMC10841316 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment exposures for childhood cancer reduce ovarian reserve. However, the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) among female survivors is not well established. METHODS Five-year survivors of childhood cancer in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study were linked to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System, which captures national ART outcomes. The authors assessed the live birth rate, the relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and associations with treatment exposure using generalized estimating equations to account for multiple ovarian stimulations per individual. Siblings from a random sample of survivors were recruited to serve as a comparison group. RESULTS Among 9885 female survivors, 137 (1.4%; median age at diagnosis, 10 years [range, 0-20 years]; median years of follow-up after age 18 years, 11 years [range, 2-11 years]) underwent 224 ovarian stimulations using autologous or donor eggs and/or gestational carriers (157 autologous ovarian stimulation cycles, 67 donor ovarian stimulation cycles). In siblings, 33 (1.4%) underwent 51 autologous or donor ovarian stimulations. Of those who used embryos from autologous eggs without using gestational carriers, 97 survivors underwent 155 stimulations, resulting in 49 live births, for a 31.6% chance of live birth per ovarian stimulation (vs. 38.3% for siblings; p = .39) and a 43.9% chance of live birth per transfer (vs. 50.0%; p = .33). Prior treatment with cranial radiation therapy (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.20-0.97) and pelvic radiation therapy (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.15-0.73) resulted in a reduced chance of live birth compared with siblings. The likelihood of live birth after ART treatment in survivors was not affected by alkylator exposure (cyclophosphamide-equivalent dose, ≥8000 mg/m2 vs. none; RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.52-2.05). CONCLUSIONS Childhood cancer survivors are as likely to undergo treatment using ART as sibling controls. The success of ART treatment was not reduced after alkylator exposure. The results from the current study provide needed guidance on the use of ART in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly W Keefe
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Lanes
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Daniel M Green
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eric J Chow
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Sara Barton
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa Diller
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth S Ginsburg
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Garg U, Munar A, Clinton Frazee C. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Quantification of Plasma Busulfan. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2737:133-140. [PMID: 38036817 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3541-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Busulfan is an alkylating agent and functions as a myeloablative and anti-leukemic chemotherapy drug. It is widely used with cyclophosphamide for conditioning patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation for myeloid leukemia. Studies have shown that the busulfan plasma concentration correlates better with clinical efficacy and toxicity than the patient's administered dosage. Low concentrations predispose to disease recurrence and even graft rejection, and higher concentrations can increase the risk of hepatic toxicity. As a result, dosing levels can vary significantly from patient to patient. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of busulfan plasma concentration guides the dosage adjustment to optimally achieve complete bone marrow ablation while minimizing the dosage-dependent toxicity. The quick and precise (precision <10%) UPLC-MS/MS method described here for monitoring plasma busulfan levels between 50 ng/mL and 5000 ng/mL involves the addition of an organic solvent and deuterated internal standard (busulfan d-8) followed by a liquid-liquid extraction, injection of the extract onto a C18 column, and analysis by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in ESI-positive mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Garg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - Ada Munar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - C Clinton Frazee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
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9
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Schofield RC, Scordo M, Shah G, Carlow DC. Determination of Busulfan and Melphalan in Plasma by Turbulent Flow Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2737:141-151. [PMID: 38036818 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3541-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Melphalan and busulfan are DNA-alkylating agents that are often used concurrently in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) conditioning regimens. Studies have demonstrated that this combination of alkylating agents is very effective and well-tolerated prior to HCT. This combination is widely used for acute leukemia, advanced lymphoid malignancies, and multiple myeloma. Our goal was to develop an assay for the rapid measurement of both compounds simultaneously in the hopes that rapidly measuring their concentrations could possibly shorten the length of hospital stay. It would also simplify specimen handling in the clinic and the laboratory, reduce the amount of blood drawn, and allow for rapid reporting of the drug levels, thereby facilitating rapid dose adjustments.This chapter describes a validated method that measures both compounds simultaneously. Melphalan and busulfan were extracted from plasma with methanol containing deuterated internal standards. Turbulent flow chromatography coupled with reversed-phase HPLC was used for separation, while the mass spectrometer was set in the positive ion mode. This method has proven accurate and rapid and allowed for timely dose adjustments. The assay was linear over the clinically relevant ranges; the analytical measurement range for busulfan and melphalan was 10-5000 ng/mL and 10-15,000 ng/mL, respectively. Specimens containing elevated drug levels were diluted yielding a final clinically reportable range of 10-25,000 ng/mL for busulfan and 10-75,0000 ng/mL for melphalan. This method is very suitable for simultaneous measurements of these drugs and is currently being used to support pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Schofield
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Scordo
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Cellular Therapy Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gunjan Shah
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Cellular Therapy Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dean C Carlow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Kempen JH, Newcomb CW, Washington TL, Foster CS, Sobrin L, Thorne JE, Jabs DA, Suhler EB, Rosenbaum JT, Sen HN, Levy-Clarke GA, Nussenblatt RB, Bhatt NP, Lowder CY, Goldstein DA, Leiderman YI, Acharya NR, Holland GN, Read RW, Dunn JP, Dreger KA, Artornsombudh P, Begum HA, Fitzgerald TD, Kothari S, Payal AR, Daniel E, Gangaputra SS, Kaçmaz RO, Liesegang TL, Pujari SS, Khachatryan N, Maghsoudlou A, Suga HK, Pak CM, Helzlsouer KJ, Buchanich JM. Use of Immunosuppression and the Risk of Subsequent Overall or Cancer Mortality. Ophthalmology 2023; 130:1258-1268. [PMID: 37499954 PMCID: PMC10811288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the incidence of all-cause and cancer mortality (CM) in association with immunosuppression. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study at ocular inflammatory disease (OID) subspecialty centers. We harvested exposure and covariate data retrospectively from clinic inception (earliest in 1979) through 2010 inclusive. Then we ascertained overall and cancer-specific mortalities by National Death Index linkage. We constructed separate Cox models to evaluate overall and CM for each class of immunosuppressant and for each individual immunosuppressant compared with person-time unexposed to any immunosuppression. PARTICIPANTS Patients with noninfectious OID, excluding those with human immunodeficiency infection or preexisting cancer. METHODS Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (mostly infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept); antimetabolites (methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine); calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine); and alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide) were given when clinically indicated in this noninterventional cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overall mortality and CM. RESULTS Over 187 151 person-years (median follow-up 10.0 years), during which 15 938 patients were at risk for mortality, we observed 1970 deaths, 435 due to cancer. Both patients unexposed to immunosuppressants (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.01) and those exposed to immunosuppressants but free of systemic inflammatory diseases (SIDs) (SMR = 1.04, 95% CI, 0.95-1.14) had similar mortality risk to the US population. Comparing patients exposed to TNF inhibitors, antimetabolites, calcineurin inhibitors, and alkylating agents with patients not exposed to any of these, we found that overall mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.88, 0.89, 0.90, 1.11) and CM (aHR = 1.25, 0.89, 0.86, 1.23) were not significantly increased. These results were stable in sensitivity analyses whether excluding or including patients with SID, across 0-, 3-, or 5-year lags and across quartiles of immunosuppressant dose and duration. CONCLUSIONS Our results, in a cohort where the indication for treatment was proven unassociated with mortality risk, found that commonly used immunosuppressants-especially the antimetabolites methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, and azathioprine; the TNF inhibitors adalimumab and infliximab, and cyclosporine-were not associated with increased overall and CM over a median cohort follow-up of 10.0 years. These results suggest the safety of these agents with respect to overall and CM for patients treated with immunosuppression for a wide range of inflammatory diseases. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Kempen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Sight for Souls, Bellevue, Washington; MCM Eye Unit, MyungSung Christian Medical Center General Hospital and MyungSung Medical School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Ophthalmology, Addis Ababa University School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Craig W Newcomb
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Terri L Washington
- Center for Occupational Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - C Stephen Foster
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Lucia Sobrin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer E Thorne
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas A Jabs
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric B Suhler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Portland Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - James T Rosenbaum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Legacy Devers Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon
| | - H Nida Sen
- Department of Ophthalmology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia; Janssen Retina Global Clinical Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Grace A Levy-Clarke
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Robert B Nussenblatt
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nirali P Bhatt
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Careen Y Lowder
- Cole Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Debra A Goldstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yannek I Leiderman
- Illinois Eye & Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nisha R Acharya
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Gary N Holland
- Ocular Inflammatory Disease Center, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Russell W Read
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James P Dunn
- Mid-Atlantic Retina, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kurt A Dreger
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pichaporn Artornsombudh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Somdech Phra Pinkloa Hospital, Royal Thai Navy, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Ophthalmology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hosne A Begum
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tonetta D Fitzgerald
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Srishti Kothari
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Waltham, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ebenezer Daniel
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sapna S Gangaputra
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Teresa L Liesegang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Siddharth S Pujari
- Siddharth Netralaya Superspecialty Eye Hospital, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Naira Khachatryan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Hilkiah K Suga
- MCM Eye Unit, MyungSung Christian Medical Center General Hospital and MyungSung Medical School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Clara M Pak
- MCM Eye Unit, MyungSung Christian Medical Center General Hospital and MyungSung Medical School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Kathy J Helzlsouer
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeanine M Buchanich
- Center for Occupational Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Shaw R, Karmakar S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. DDX5 (p68) orchestrates β-catenin, RelA and SP1 mediated MGMT gene expression in human colon cancer cells: Implication in TMZ chemoresistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2023; 1866:194991. [PMID: 37793472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
DDX5 (p68) upregulation has been linked with various cancers of different origins, especially Colon Adenocarcinomas. Similarly, across cancers, MGMT has been identified as the major contributor of chemoresistance against DNA alkylating agents like Temozolomide (TMZ). TMZ is an emerging potent chemotherapeutic agent across cancers under the arena of drug repurposing. Recent studies have established that patients with open MGMT promoters are prone to be innately resistant or acquire resistance against TMZ compared to its closed conformation. However, not much is known about the transcriptional regulation of MGMT gene in the context of colon cancer. This necessitates studying MGMT gene regulation which directly impacts the cellular potential to develop chemoresistance against alkylating agents. Our study aims to uncover an unidentified mechanism of DDX5-mediated MGMT gene regulation. Experimentally, we found that both mRNA and protein expression levels of MGMT were elevated in response to p68 overexpression in multiple human colon cancer cell lines and vice-versa. Since p68 cannot directly interact with the MGMT promoter, transcription factors viz., β-catenin, RelA (p65) and SP1 were also studied as reported contributors. Through co-immunoprecipitation and GST-pull-down studies, p68 was established as an interacting partner of SP1 in addition to β-catenin and NF-κB (p50-p65). Mechanistically, luciferase reporter and chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that p68 interacts with the MGMT promoter via TCF4-LEF, RelA and SP1 sites to enhance its transcription. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of p68 as a transcriptional co-activator of MGMT promoter and our study identifies p68 as a novel and master regulator of MGMT gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Shaw
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24 Parganas, 743372, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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12
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Cao S, Wang Y, Li D, Peng X. H 2 O 2 -Inducible DNA Cross-linking Agents Capable of Releasing Multiple DNA Alkylators as Anticancer Prodrugs. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300273. [PMID: 37440359 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Three compounds with arylboronate esters conjugated with two equivalent nitrogen mustards [bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine, HN2] have been synthesized and characterized. These inactive small molecules selectively react with H2 O2 to produce multiple DNA cross-linkers, such as two HN2 molecules alongside a bisquinone methide (bisQM), leading to efficient DNA ICL formation. In comparison to other amine functional groups, using HN2 as a leaving group greatly improves the DNA cross-linking efficiency of these arylboronate esters as well as cellular activity. The introduction of HN2 in these arylboronate ester analogues favored the generation of bisQM that can directly cross-link DNA. Two equivalents of HN2 are also generated from these compounds upon treatment with H2 O2 , which directly produces DNA ICL products. The cumulative effects of HN2 and bisQM on DNA cross-linking makes these molecules highly effective H2 O2 -inducible DNA ICL agents. The three compounds with HN2 as a leaving group showed greatly enhanced cytotoxicity towards cancer cells in comparison to those containing trimethyl amine as a leaving group. This provides an effective strategy for further design of novel potential ROS-activated anticancer prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 North Cramer Street, 53211, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 North Cramer Street, 53211, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daniel Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 North Cramer Street, 53211, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 North Cramer Street, 53211, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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13
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Ruszkiewicz J, Papatheodorou Y, Jäck N, Melzig J, Eble F, Pirker A, Thomann M, Haberer A, Rothmiller S, Bürkle A, Mangerich A. NAD + Acts as a Protective Factor in Cellular Stress Response to DNA Alkylating Agents. Cells 2023; 12:2396. [PMID: 37830610 PMCID: PMC10572126 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) and its derivatives are potent genotoxic agents, which have been shown to trigger the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and the depletion of their substrate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). NAD+ is an essential molecule involved in numerous cellular pathways, including genome integrity and DNA repair, and thus, NAD+ supplementation might be beneficial for mitigating mustard-induced (geno)toxicity. In this study, the role of NAD+ depletion and elevation in the genotoxic stress response to SM derivatives, i.e., the monofunctional agent 2-chloroethyl-ethyl sulfide (CEES) and the crosslinking agent mechlorethamine (HN2), was investigated with the use of NAD+ booster nicotinamide riboside (NR) and NAD+ synthesis inhibitor FK866. The effects were analyzed in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) or monocyte-like cell line THP-1. In HaCaT cells, NR supplementation, increased NAD+ levels, and elevated PAR response, however, did not affect ATP levels or DNA damage repair, nor did it attenuate long- and short-term cytotoxicities. On the other hand, the depletion of cellular NAD+ via FK866 sensitized HaCaT cells to genotoxic stress, particularly CEES exposure, whereas NR supplementation, by increasing cellular NAD+ levels, rescued the sensitizing FK866 effect. Intriguingly, in THP-1 cells, the NR-induced elevation of cellular NAD+ levels did attenuate toxicity of the mustard compounds, especially upon CEES exposure. Together, our results reveal that NAD+ is an important molecule in the pathomechanism of SM derivatives, exhibiting compound-specificity. Moreover, the cell line-dependent protective effects of NR are indicative of system-specificity of the application of this NAD+ booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ruszkiewicz
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ylea Papatheodorou
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nathalie Jäck
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jasmin Melzig
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Franziska Eble
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Annika Pirker
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marius Thomann
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Haberer
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Simone Rothmiller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany;
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Nutritional Toxicology, Institute Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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14
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Rypka KJ, Goldfarb N, Mansh M. Response to the feasibility of Kreher et al's "Risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer with immunosuppressants, part II: methotrexate, alkylating agents, biologics, and small molecule inhibitors". J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:e181-e185. [PMID: 37379901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn J Rypka
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Noah Goldfarb
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Matthew Mansh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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15
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Schilling D, Ditrói T, Barayeu U, Jurányi EP, Nagy P, Dick TP. The influence of alkylating agents on sulfur-sulfur bonds in per- and polysulfides. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102368. [PMID: 37473483 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polysulfides are sulfane sulfur species produced inside living cells, in organisms as diverse as bacteria, plants and humans, but their biological roles remain to be fully understood. Unfortunately, due to their reactivity, per- and polysulfides are easily altered, interconverted or lost during the processing and analysis of biological material. Thus, all current analytical methods make use of alkylating agents, to quench reactivity of hydropersulfides and hydropolysulfides and also to prevent free thiols from attacking sulfur chains in hydropolysulfides and dialkyl polysulfides. However, recent findings reveal that alkylating agents can also destroy per- and polysulfides, to varying degrees, depending on the choice of alkylating agent. Here, we discuss the challenges associated with the alkylation of per- and polysulfides, the single most important step for their preservation and detection in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Schilling
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamás Ditrói
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Uladzimir Barayeu
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eszter Petra Jurányi
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anatomy and Histology, ELKH-ÁTE Laboratory of Redox Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Chemistry Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Dobrovolsky VN, Matsuda T, McKinzie P, Miranda J, Revollo JR. Whole-genome high-fidelity sequencing: A novel approach to detecting and characterization of mutagenicity in vivo. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2023; 891:503691. [PMID: 37770148 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Direct DNA sequencing can be used for characterizing mutagenicity in simple and complex biological models. Recently we described a method of whole-genome sequencing for detecting mutations in simple models of cultured bacteria, mammalian cells, and nematode. In the current proof-of-concept study, we expand and improve our method for evaluating a more complex mammalian biological model in outbred mice. We detail the method by applying it to a small set of animals treated with a mutagen with known mutagenicity profiles, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), for consistency with the known data. Whole-genome high-fidelity sequencing (HiFi Sequencing) showed frequencies and spectra of background mutations in tissues of untreated mice that were consistent with normal ageing and characterized by spontaneous or enzymatic deamination of 5-methylcytosine. In mice treated with a single 40 mg/kg dose of ENU, the frequency of mutations in the genomic DNA of solid tissues increased up to 7-fold, with the greatest increase observed in the spleen and the smallest increase in the liver. The most common mutations detected in ENU-treated mice were T > A transitions and T > C transversions, consistent with the types of mutations caused by alkylating agents. The data suggest that HiFi Sequencing may be useful for characterizing mutagenicity of novel compounds in various biological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N Dobrovolsky
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson AR, USA.
| | - Tomonari Matsuda
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Page McKinzie
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson AR, USA
| | - Jaime Miranda
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson AR, USA
| | - Javier R Revollo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson AR, USA
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17
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Nguyen TT, Rajakannu P, Pham MDT, Weman L, Jucht A, Buri MC, Van Dommelen K, Hegi ME. Epigenetic silencing of HTATIP2 in glioblastoma contributes to treatment resistance by enhancing nuclear translocation of the DNA repair protein MPG. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:1744-1762. [PMID: 37491696 PMCID: PMC10483604 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most malignant brain tumor in adults, exhibits characteristic patterns of epigenetic alterations that await elucidation. The DNA methylome of glioblastoma revealed recurrent epigenetic silencing of HTATIP2, which encodes a negative regulator of importin β-mediated cytoplasmic-nuclear protein translocation. Its deregulation may thus alter the functionality of cancer-relevant nuclear proteins, such as the base excision repair (BER) enzyme N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG), which has been associated with treatment resistance in GBM. We found that induction of HTATIP2 expression in GBM cells leads to a significant shift of predominantly nuclear to cytoplasmic MPG, whereas depletion of endogenous HTATIP2 results in enhanced nuclear MPG localization. Reduced nuclear MPG localization, prompted by HTATIP2 expression or by depletion of MPG, yielded less phosphorylated-H2AX-positive cells upon treatment with an alkylating agent. This suggested reduced MPG-mediated formation of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, leaving behind unrepaired DNA lesions, reflecting a reduced capacity of BER in response to the alkylating agent. Epigenetic silencing of HTATIP2 may thus increase nuclear localization of MPG, thereby enhancing the capacity of the glioblastoma cells to repair treatment-related lesions and contributing to treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Tham Nguyen
- Neuroscience Research Center and Service of NeurosurgeryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of LausanneEpalingesSwitzerland
| | - Premnath Rajakannu
- Neuroscience Research Center and Service of NeurosurgeryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of LausanneEpalingesSwitzerland
| | - Minh Diêu Thanh Pham
- Neuroscience Research Center and Service of NeurosurgeryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of LausanneEpalingesSwitzerland
| | - Leo Weman
- Neuroscience Research Center and Service of NeurosurgeryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of LausanneEpalingesSwitzerland
| | - Alexander Jucht
- Neuroscience Research Center and Service of NeurosurgeryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of LausanneEpalingesSwitzerland
| | - Michelle C. Buri
- Neuroscience Research Center and Service of NeurosurgeryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of LausanneEpalingesSwitzerland
| | - Kristof Van Dommelen
- Neuroscience Research Center and Service of NeurosurgeryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of LausanneEpalingesSwitzerland
| | - Monika E. Hegi
- Neuroscience Research Center and Service of NeurosurgeryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of LausanneEpalingesSwitzerland
- Lundin Family Brain Tumor CenterLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of LausanneSwitzerland
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18
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Rushing BR. Multi-Omics Analysis of NCI-60 Cell Line Data Reveals Novel Metabolic Processes Linked with Resistance to Alkylating Anti-Cancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13242. [PMID: 37686047 PMCID: PMC10487847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the molecular determinants influencing the response of cancer cells to alkylating agents, a major class of chemotherapeutic drugs used in cancer treatment. The study utilized data from the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-60 cell line screening program and employed a comprehensive multi-omics approach integrating transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and SNP data. Through integrated pathway analysis, the study identified key metabolic pathways, such as cysteine and methionine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and purine metabolism, that differentiate drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells. The analysis also revealed potential druggable targets within these pathways. Furthermore, copy number variant (CNV) analysis, derived from SNP data, between sensitive and resistant cells identified notable differences in genes associated with metabolic changes (WWOX, CNTN5, DDAH1, PGR), protein trafficking (ARL17B, VAT1L), and miRNAs (MIR1302-2, MIR3163, MIR1244-3, MIR1302-9). The findings of this study provide a holistic view of the molecular landscape and dysregulated pathways underlying the response of cancer cells to alkylating agents. The insights gained from this research can contribute to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies and personalized treatment approaches, ultimately improving patient outcomes in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R. Rushing
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Guidolin V, Jacobs FC, MacMillan ML, Villalta PW, Balbo S. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Screening of Cyclophosphamide DNA Damage In Vitro and in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1278-1289. [PMID: 37490747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
DNA alkylating drugs have been used as frontline medications to treat cancer for decades. Their chemical reaction with DNA leads to the blockage of DNA replication, which impacts cell replication. While this impacts rapidly dividing cancerous cells, this process is not selective and results in highly variable and often severe side effects in patients undergoing alkylating-drug based therapies. The development of biomarkers to identify patients who effectively respond with tolerable toxicities vs patients who develop serious side effects is needed. Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug and lacks biomarkers to evaluate its therapeutic effect and toxicity. Upon administration, CPA is metabolically activated and converted to phosphoramide mustard and acrolein, which are responsible for its efficacy and toxicity, respectively. Previous studies have explored the detection of the major DNA adduct of CPA, the interstrand DNA-DNA cross-link G-NOR-G, finding differences in the cross-link amount between Fanconi Anemia and non-Fanconi Anemia patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment. In this study, we take advantage of our DNA adductomic approach to comprehensively profile CPA's and its metabolites' reactions with DNA in vitro and in patients undergoing CPA-based chemotherapy. This investigation led to the detection of 40 DNA adducts in vitro and 20 DNA adducts in patients treated with CPA. Moreover, acrolein-derived DNA adducts were quantified in patient samples. The results suggest that CPA-DNA damage is very complex, and an evaluation of DNA adduct profiles is necessary when evaluating the relationship between CPA-DNA damage and patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guidolin
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Foster C Jacobs
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Margaret L MacMillan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peter W Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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20
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Reulen RC, Winter DL, Diallo I, Veres C, Llanas D, Allodji RS, Bagnasco F, Bárdi E, Feijen EAM, Alessi D, Fidler-Benaoudia MM, Høgsholt S, Teepen JC, Linge H, Haddy N, Byrne J, Debiche G, Grabow D, Gudmundsdottir T, Fauchery R, Zrafi W, Michel G, Øfstaas H, Kaatsch P, Vu-Bezin G, Jenkinson H, Kaiser M, Skinner R, Cole T, Waespe N, Sommer G, Nordenfelt S, Jankovic M, Lähteenmäki Taalas T, Maule MM, van der Pal HJH, Ronckers CM, van Leeuwen FE, Kok JL, Terenziani M, Winther Gunnes M, Wiebe T, Sacerdote C, Jakab Z, Haupt R, Lähteenmäki PM, Zadravec Zaletel L, Kuehni CE, Winther JF, Kremer LCM, Hjorth L, de Vathaire F, Hawkins MM. Risk Factors for Primary Bone Cancer After Childhood Cancer: A PanCare Childhood and Adolescent Cancer Survivor Care and Follow-Up Studies Nested Case-Control Study. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:3735-3746. [PMID: 37235821 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation to the bone and exposure to alkylating agents increases the risk of bone cancer among survivors of childhood cancer, but there is uncertainty regarding the risks of bone tissue radiation doses below 10 Gy and the dose-response relationship for specific types of chemotherapy. METHODS Twelve European countries contributed 228 cases and 228 matched controls to a nested case-control study within a cohort of 69,460 5-year survivors of childhood cancer. Odds ratios (ORs) of developing bone cancer for different levels of cumulative radiation exposure and cumulative doses of specific types of chemotherapy were calculated. Excess ORs were calculated to investigate the shape and extent of any dose-response relationship. RESULTS The OR associated with bone tissue exposed to 1-4 Gy was 4.8-fold (95% CI, 1.2 to 19.6) and to 5-9 Gy was 9.6-fold (95% CI, 2.4 to 37.4) compared with unexposed bone tissue. The OR increased linearly with increasing dose of radiation (Ptrend < .001) up to 78-fold (95% CI, 9.2 to 669.9) for doses of ≥40 Gy. For cumulative alkylating agent doses of 10,000-19,999 and ≥20,000 mg/m2, the radiation-adjusted ORs were 7.1 (95% CI, 2.2 to 22.8) and 8.3 (95% CI, 2.8 to 24.4), respectively, with independent contributions from each of procarbazine, ifosfamide, and cyclophosphamide. Other cytotoxics were not associated with bone cancer. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, we demonstrate-for the first time-that the risk of bone cancer is increased 5- to 10-fold after exposure of bone tissue to cumulative radiation doses of 1-9 Gy. Alkylating agents exceeding 10,000 mg/m2 increase the risk 7- to 8-fold, particularly following procarbazine, ifosfamide, and cyclophosphamide. These substantially elevated risks should be used to develop/update clinical follow-up guidelines and survivorship care plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul C Reulen
- Centre for Childhood Cancer Survivor Studies, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David L Winter
- Centre for Childhood Cancer Survivor Studies, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Diallo
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Cristina Veres
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Damien Llanas
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Rodrigue S Allodji
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Edit Bárdi
- St Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nadia Haddy
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Ghazi Debiche
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Romain Fauchery
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Wael Zrafi
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | - Giao Vu-Bezin
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeanette F Winther
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Florent de Vathaire
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Michael M Hawkins
- Centre for Childhood Cancer Survivor Studies, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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21
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Abstract
The combination of doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and cyclophosphamide, referred to as AC chemotherapy, is commonly used for the clinical treatment of breast and other cancers. Both agents target DNA with cyclophosphamide causing alkylation damage and doxorubicin stabilizing the topoisomerase II-DNA complex. We hypothesize a new mechanism of action whereby both agents work in concert. DNA alkylating agents, such as nitrogen mustards, increase the number of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites through deglycosylation of labile alkylated bases. Herein, we demonstrate that anthracyclines with aldehyde-reactive primary and secondary amines form covalent Schiff base adducts with AP sites in a 12-mer DNA duplex, calf thymus DNA, and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells treated with nor-nitrogen mustard and the anthracycline mitoxantrone. The anthracycline-AP site conjugates are characterized and quantified by mass spectrometry after NaB(CN)H3 or NaBH4 reduction of the Schiff base. If stable, the anthracycline-AP site conjugates represent bulky adducts that may block DNA replication and contribute to the cytotoxic mechanism of therapies involving combinations of anthracyclines and DNA alkylating agents.
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22
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Cecchini M, Zhang JY, Wei W, Sklar J, Lacy J, Zhong M, Kong Y, Zhao H, DiPalermo J, Devine L, Stein SM, Kortmansky J, Johung KL, Bindra RS, LoRusso P, Schalper KA. Quantitative DNA Repair Biomarkers and Immune Profiling for Temozolomide and Olaparib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res Commun 2023; 3:1132-1139. [PMID: 37387791 PMCID: PMC10305782 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-silenced tumors reveal sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ), which may be enhanced by PARP inhibitors. Approximately 40% of colorectal cancer has MGMT silencing and we aimed to measure antitumoral and immunomodulatory effects from TMZ and olaparib in colorectal cancer. Experimental Design Patients with advanced colorectal cancer were screened for MGMT promoter hypermethylation using methylation-specific PCR of archival tumor. Eligible patients received TMZ 75 mg/m2 days 1-7 with olaparib 150 mg twice daily every 21 days. Pretreatment tumor biopsies were collected for whole-exome sequencing (WES), and multiplex quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) of MGMT protein expression and immune markers. Results MGMT promoter hypermethylation was detected in 18/51 (35%) patients, 9 received study treatment with no objective responses, 5/9 had stable disease (SD) and 4/9 had progressive disease as best response. Three patients had clinical benefit: carcinoembryonic antigen reduction, radiographic tumor regression, and prolonged SD. MGMT expression by multiplex QIF revealed prominent tumor MGMT protein from 6/9 patients without benefit, while MGMT protein was lower in 3/9 with benefit. Moreover, benefitting patients had higher baseline CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. WES revealed 8/9 patients with MAP kinase variants (7 KRAS and 1 ERBB2). Flow cytometry identified peripheral expansion of effector T cells. Conclusions Our results indicate discordance between MGMT promoter hypermethylation and MGMT protein expression. Antitumor activity seen in patients with low MGMT protein expression, supports MGMT protein as a predictor of alkylator sensitivity. Increased CD8+ TILs and peripheral activated T cells, suggest a role for immunostimulatory combinations. Significance TMZ and PARP inhibitors synergize in vitro and in vivo in tumors with MGMT silencing. Up to 40% of colorectal cancer is MGMT promoter hypermethylated, and we investigated whether TMZ and olaparib are effective in this population. We also measured MGMT by QIF and observed efficacy only in patients with low MGMT, suggesting quantitative MGMT biomarkers more accurately predict benefit to alkylator combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cecchini
- Department of Internal Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Janie Y. Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeffrey Sklar
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jill Lacy
- Department of Internal Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Minghao Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yong Kong
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jassim DiPalermo
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lesley Devine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stacey M. Stein
- Department of Internal Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeremy Kortmansky
- Department of Internal Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kimberly L. Johung
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ranjit S. Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patricia LoRusso
- Department of Internal Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kurt A. Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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23
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Shi L, Shen W, Davis MI, Kong K, Vu P, Saha SK, Adil R, Kreuzer J, Egan R, Lee TD, Greninger P, Shrimp JH, Zhao W, Wei TY, Zhou M, Eccleston J, Sussman J, Manocha U, Weerasekara V, Kondo H, Vijay V, Wu MJ, Kearney SE, Ho J, McClanaghan J, Murchie E, Crowther GS, Patnaik S, Boxer MB, Shen M, Ting DT, Kim WY, Stanger BZ, Deshpande V, Ferrone CR, Benes CH, Haas W, Hall MD, Bardeesy N. SULT1A1-dependent sulfonation of alkylators is a lineage-dependent vulnerability of liver cancers. Nat Cancer 2023; 4:365-381. [PMID: 36914816 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Adult liver malignancies, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, are the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Most individuals are treated with either combination chemotherapy or immunotherapy, respectively, without specific biomarkers for selection. Here using high-throughput screens, proteomics and in vitro resistance models, we identify the small molecule YC-1 as selectively active against a defined subset of cell lines derived from both liver cancer types. We demonstrate that selectivity is determined by expression of the liver-resident cytosolic sulfotransferase enzyme SULT1A1, which sulfonates YC-1. Sulfonation stimulates covalent binding of YC-1 to lysine residues in protein targets, enriching for RNA-binding factors. Computational analysis defined a wider group of structurally related SULT1A1-activated small molecules with distinct target profiles, which together constitute an untapped small-molecule class. These studies provide a foundation for preclinical development of these agents and point to the broader potential of exploiting SULT1A1 activity for selective targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William Shen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mindy I Davis
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ke Kong
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Phuong Vu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Supriya K Saha
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramzi Adil
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes Kreuzer
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regina Egan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobie D Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Greninger
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shrimp
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ting-Yu Wei
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason Eccleston
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Sussman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ujjawal Manocha
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vajira Weerasekara
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kondo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vindhya Vijay
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Meng-Ju Wu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sara E Kearney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ho
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph McClanaghan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Murchie
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giovanna S Crowther
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Matthew B Boxer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David T Ting
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Kreher MA, Konda S, Noland MMB, Longo MI, Valdes-Rodriguez R. Risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer with immunosuppressants, part II: Methotrexate, alkylating agents, biologics, and small molecule inhibitors. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 88:534-542. [PMID: 36460256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In solid organ transplant recipients, skin cancer risk associated with posttransplant immunosuppression has been well-described, and screening practices generally reflect these risks. In addition to agents used posttransplant, other classes of immunosuppressants also have the potential to raise the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) or melanoma. In the present manuscript, the evidence for melanoma and NMSC risk associated with methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, biologic cytokine inhibitors including TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-alpha and interleukin inhibitors, costimulation blockers such as abatacept, integrin inhibitors such as natalizumab, targeted B-cell, and T-cell inhibitors including CD20 (cluster of differentiate 20), CD52, and BTK (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) inhibitors, and JAK (Janus kinase) inhibitors is reviewed. Based on the available data, we recommend regular skin cancer screening for select nontransplant patients receiving immunosuppressive regimens that are shown to raise the risk of NMSC or melanoma. We also offer suggestions for conscientious use of these therapies in high-risk patients. Finally, a comprehensive summary of the relative risk associated with each immunosuppressant class and associated recommendations is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sailesh Konda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Maria I Longo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Gedde SJ, Feuer WJ, Lim KS, Barton K, Goyal S, Ahmed II, Brandt JD. Postoperative Complications in the Primary Tube Versus Trabeculectomy Study During 5 Years of Follow-up. Ophthalmology 2022; 129:1357-1367. [PMID: 35835336 PMCID: PMC9691562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe postoperative complications encountered in the Primary Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (PTVT) Study during 5 years of follow-up. DESIGN Multicenter randomized clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS A total of 242 eyes of 242 patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma and no previous incisional ocular surgery, including 125 patients in the tube group and 117 patients in the trabeculectomy group. METHODS Patients were enrolled at 16 clinical centers and randomly assigned to treatment with a tube shunt (350-mm2 Baerveldt glaucoma implant) or trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC, 0.4 mg/ml for 2 minutes). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Surgical complications, reoperations for complications, visual acuity, and cataract progression. RESULTS Early postoperative complications occurred in 24 patients (19%) in the tube group and 40 patients (34%) in the trabeculectomy group (P = 0.013). Late postoperative complications developed in 27 patients (22%) in the tube group and 32 patients (27%) in the trabeculectomy group (P = 0.37). Serious complications producing vision loss and/or requiring a reoperation were observed in 3 patients (2%) in the tube group and 9 patients (8%) in the trabeculectomy group (P = 0.11). Cataract progression was seen in 65 patients (52%) in the tube group and 52 patients (44%) in the trabeculectomy group (P = 0.30). Surgical complications were not associated with a higher rate of treatment failure (P = 0.61), vision loss (P = 1.00), or cataract progression (P = 0.77) CONCLUSIONS: A large number of surgical complications were observed in the PTVT Study, but most were transient and self-limited. The incidence of early postoperative complications was higher following trabeculectomy with MMC than with tube shunt surgery. The rates of late postoperative complications, serious complications, and cataract progression were similar with both surgical procedures after 5 years of follow-up. Surgical complications did not increase the risk of treatment failure, vision loss, or cataract progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Gedde
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| | - William J Feuer
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | - Saurabh Goyal
- St. Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup, United Kingdom
| | | | - James D Brandt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
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Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, that is, abasic sites, are among the most frequently induced DNA lesions. Spontaneous or DNA glycosylase-mediated β-elimination of the 3'-phosphoryl group can lead to strand cleavages at AP sites to yield a highly reactive, electrophilic 3'-phospho-α,β-unsaturated aldehyde (3'-PUA) remnant. The latter can react with amine or thiol groups of biological small molecules, DNA, and proteins to yield various damaged 3'-end products. Considering its high intracellular concentration, glutathione (GSH) may conjugate with 3'-PUA to yield 3-glutathionyl-2,3-dideoxyribose (GS-ddR), which may constitute a significant, yet previously unrecognized endogenous lesion. Here, we developed a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy method, in combination with the use of a stable isotope-labeled internal standard, to quantify GS-ddR in genomic DNA of cultured human cells. Our results revealed the presence of GS-ddR in the DNA of untreated cells, and its level was augmented in cells upon exposure to an alkylating agent, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). In addition, inhibition of AP endonuclease (APE1) led to an elevated level of GS-ddR in the DNA of MNU-treated cells. Together, we reported here, for the first time, the presence of appreciable levels of GS-ddR in cellular DNA, the induction of GS-ddR by a DNA alkylating agent, and the role of APE1 in modulating its level in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiekai Yin
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Kent S Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
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Joseph LB, Gordon MK, Zhou P, Hahn RA, Lababidi H, Croutch CR, Sinko PJ, Heck DE, Laskin DL, Laskin JD. Sulfur mustard corneal injury is associated with alterations in the epithelial basement membrane and stromal extracellular matrix. Exp Mol Pathol 2022; 128:104807. [PMID: 35798063 PMCID: PMC10044521 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM; bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide) is a highly reactive bifunctional alkylating agent synthesized for chemical warfare. The eyes are particularly sensitive to SM where it causes irritation, pain, photophobia, and blepharitis, depending on the dose and duration of exposure. In these studies, we examined the effects of SM vapor on the corneas of New Zealand white male rabbits. Edema and hazing of the cornea, signs of acute injury, were observed within one day of exposure to SM, followed by neovascularization, a sign of chronic or late phase pathology, which persisted for at least 28 days. Significant epithelial-stromal separation ranging from ~8-17% of the epithelial surface was observed. In the stroma, there was a marked increase in CD45+ leukocytes and a decrease of keratocytes, along with areas of disorganization of collagen fibers. SM also disrupted the corneal basement membrane and altered the expression of perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and cellular fibronectin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein. This was associated with an increase in basement membrane matrix metalloproteinases including ADAM17, which is important in remodeling of the basement membrane during wound healing. Tenascin-C, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, was also upregulated in the stroma 14-28 d post SM, a finding consistent with its role in organizing structural components of the stroma necessary for corneal transparency. These data demonstrate that SM vapor causes persistent alterations in structural components of the cornea. Further characterization of SM-induced injury in rabbit cornea will be useful for the identification of targets for the development of ocular countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie B Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
| | - Marion K Gordon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Peihong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Rita A Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Hamdi Lababidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | | | - Patrick J Sinko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Diane E Heck
- Department of Public Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
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Muñiz P, Andrés-Zayas C, Carbonell D, Chicano M, Bailén R, Oarbeascoa G, Suárez-González J, Gómez Centurión I, Dorado N, Gallardo D, Anguita J, Kwon M, Díez-Martín JL, Martínez-Laperche C, Buño I. Association between gene polymorphisms in the cyclophosphamide metabolism pathway with complications after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1002959. [PMID: 36211438 PMCID: PMC9537744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative treatment for patients with hematologic malignances. Haploidentical HSCT (Haplo-HSCT) is an alternative option for patients who do not have an HLA-matched donor. The use of post-transplantation high dose cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) is commonly employed for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in haplo-HSCT. Cyclophosphamide (Cy) is an alkylating agent with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive activity, whose bioactivation requires the activity of polymorphic enzymes in the liver to produce phosphoramide mustard, which is a DNA alkylating agent. To identify polymorphisms in the genes of Cy metabolism and correlate them with post-HSCT complications [GVHD, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) and transplant-related mortality (TRM)], we designed a custom next-generation sequencing panel with Cy metabolism enzymes. We analyzed 182 patients treated with haplo-HSCT with PT-Cy from 2007 to 2019, detecting 40 variants in 11 Cy metabolism genes. Polymorphisms in CYP2B6, a major enzyme involved in Cy activation, were associated with decreased activity of this enzyme and a higher risk of Graf-versus-host disease (GVHD). Variants in other activation enzymes (CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19) lead to decreased enzyme activity and were associated with GVHD. Polymorphisms in detoxification genes such as glutathione S-transferases decreased the ability to detoxify cyclophosphamide metabolites due to lower enzyme activity, which leads to increased amounts of toxic metabolites and the development of III-IV acute GVHD. GSMT1*0 a single nucleotide polymorphism previously recognized as a risk factor for SOS was associated with a higher risk of SOS. We conclude that polymorphisms of genes involved in the metabolism of cyclophosphamide in our series are associated with severe grades of GVHD and toxicities (SOS and TRM) after haplo-HSCT and could be used to improve the clinical management of transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Muñiz
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Andrés-Zayas
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Genomics Unit, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Carbonell
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Chicano
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Bailén
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gillen Oarbeascoa
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Suárez-González
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Genomics Unit, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gómez Centurión
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Dorado
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gallardo
- Department of Hematology, Instituto Catalan de Oncología Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Javier Anguita
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mi Kwon
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Díez-Martín
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Martínez-Laperche
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carolina Martínez-Laperche,
| | - Ismael Buño
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Genomics Unit, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Wang JZ, Sakai HA, MacMillan DWC. Alcohols as Alkylating Agents: Photoredox-Catalyzed Conjugate Alkylation via In Situ Deoxygenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207150. [PMID: 35727296 PMCID: PMC9398968 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The rapid exploration of sp3 -enriched chemical space is facilitated by fragment-coupling technologies that utilize simple and abundant alkyl precursors, among which alcohols are a highly desirable, commercially accessible, and synthetically versatile class of substrate. Herein, we describe an operationally convenient, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-mediated deoxygenative Giese-type addition of alcohol-derived alkyl radicals to electron-deficient alkenes under mild photocatalytic conditions. The fragment coupling accommodates a broad range of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol partners, as well as structurally varied Michael acceptors containing traditionally reactive sites, such as electrophilic or oxidizable moieties. We demonstrate the late-stage diversification of densely functionalized molecular architectures, including drugs and biomolecules, and we further telescope our protocol with metallaphotoredox cross-coupling for step-economic access to sp3 -rich complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Z Wang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Holt A Sakai
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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30
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Schilling D, Barayeu U, Steimbach RR, Talwar D, Miller AK, Dick TP. Commonly Used Alkylating Agents Limit Persulfide Detection by Converting Protein Persulfides into Thioethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203684. [PMID: 35506673 PMCID: PMC9401046 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Protein persulfides (R‐S‐SH) have emerged as a common post‐translational modification. Detection and quantitation of protein persulfides requires trapping with alkylating agents. Here we show that alkylating agents differ dramatically in their ability to conserve the persulfide's sulfur–sulfur bond for subsequent detection by mass spectrometry. The two alkylating agents most commonly used in cell biology and biochemistry, N‐ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide, are found to be unsuitable for the purpose of conserving persulfides under biologically relevant conditions. The resulting persulfide adducts (R‐S‐S‐Alk) rapidly convert into the corresponding thioethers (R‐S‐Alk) by donating sulfur to ambient nucleophilic acceptors. In contrast, certain other alkylating agents, in particular monobromobimane and N‐t‐butyl‐iodoacetamide, generate stable alkylated persulfides. We propose that the nature of the alkylating agent determines the ability of the disulfide bond (R‐S‐S‐Alk) to tautomerize into the thiosulfoxide (R‐(S=S)‐Alk), and/or the ability of nucleophiles to remove the sulfane sulfur atom from the thiosulfoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Schilling
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH AllianceGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Uladzimir Barayeu
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH AllianceGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Raphael R. Steimbach
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
- Cancer Drug DevelopmentIm Neuenheimer Feld 580, DKFZ69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Deepti Talwar
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH AllianceGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Aubry K. Miller
- Cancer Drug DevelopmentIm Neuenheimer Feld 580, DKFZ69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Tobias P. Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH AllianceGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
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31
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Wolski P, Nieszporek K, Panczyk T. Regulation of water access, storage, separation and release of drugs from the carbon nanotube functionalized by cytosine rich DNA fragments. Biomater Adv 2022; 137:212835. [PMID: 35929267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We found that carmustine can be stored in the carbon nanotube (CNT) interior for a long time due to hydrophobic interactions. The access of water to carmustine phase in the CNT interior can be controlled by the state of cytosine rich DNA fragments covalently bound to the CNT tips and to the presence of doxorubicin molecules intercalated within bundles of DNA fragments. More effective control of water access and subsequent decomposition of carmustine due to the contact with water was observed when some small amount of doxorubicin molecules cork the CNT ends. Our analysis shows that carmustine decomposition products naturally separate when decomposition occurs within the CNT. The alkylating agent, chloroethyl carbonium cation, spontaneously escapes from the CNT but the carbamylation agent, chloroethyl isocyanate, is still kept within the nanotube interior. The separation process and release of the alkylating agent needs uncorking the nanotube by doxorubicin molecules. The latter process is likely to occur spontaneously at acidic pH when intercalation of doxorubicin within the DNA fragments becomes ineffective. The features of the proposed molecular model, obtained from molecular dynamics simulations, can be beneficial in design of novel smart drugs carriers to a tumor microenvironment revealing the reduced extracellular pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Wolski
- Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30239 Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Nieszporek
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, pl. Maria Curie-Sklodowska 3, 20031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Panczyk
- Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30239 Cracow, Poland.
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32
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Bradley NP, Wahl KL, Steenwyk JL, Rokas A, Eichman BF. Resistance-Guided Mining of Bacterial Genotoxins Defines a Family of DNA Glycosylases. mBio 2022; 13:e0329721. [PMID: 35311535 PMCID: PMC9040887 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03297-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique DNA repair enzymes that provide self-resistance against therapeutically important, genotoxic natural products have been discovered in bacterial biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Among these, the DNA glycosylase AlkZ is essential for azinomycin B production and belongs to the HTH_42 superfamily of uncharacterized proteins. Despite their widespread existence in antibiotic producers and pathogens, the roles of these proteins in production of other natural products are unknown. Here, we determine the evolutionary relationship and genomic distribution of all HTH_42 proteins from Streptomyces and use a resistance-based genome mining approach to identify homologs associated with known and uncharacterized BGCs. We find that AlkZ-like (AZL) proteins constitute one distinct HTH_42 subfamily and are highly enriched in BGCs and variable in sequence, suggesting each has evolved to protect against a specific secondary metabolite. As a validation of the approach, we show that the AZL protein, HedH4, associated with biosynthesis of the alkylating agent hedamycin, excises hedamycin-DNA adducts with exquisite specificity and provides resistance to the natural product in cells. We also identify a second, phylogenetically and functionally distinct subfamily whose proteins are never associated with BGCs, are highly conserved with respect to sequence and genomic neighborhood, and repair DNA lesions not associated with a particular natural product. This work delineates two related families of DNA repair enzymes-one specific for complex alkyl-DNA lesions and involved in self-resistance to antimicrobials and the other likely involved in protection against an array of genotoxins-and provides a framework for targeted discovery of new genotoxic compounds with therapeutic potential. IMPORTANCE Bacteria are rich sources of secondary metabolites that include DNA-damaging genotoxins with antitumor/antibiotic properties. Although Streptomyces produce a diverse number of therapeutic genotoxins, efforts toward targeted discovery of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) producing DNA-damaging agents is lacking. Moreover, work on toxin-resistance genes has lagged behind our understanding of those involved in natural product synthesis. Here, we identified over 70 uncharacterized BGCs producing potentially novel genotoxins through resistance-based genome mining using the azinomycin B-resistance DNA glycosylase AlkZ. We validate our analysis by characterizing the enzymatic activity and cellular resistance of one AlkZ ortholog in the BGC of hedamycin, a potent DNA alkylating agent. Moreover, we uncover a second, phylogenetically distinct family of proteins related to Escherichia coli YcaQ, a DNA glycosylase capable of unhooking interstrand DNA cross-links, which differs from the AlkZ-like family in sequence, genomic location, proximity to BGCs, and substrate specificity. This work defines two families of DNA glycosylase for specialized repair of complex genotoxic natural products and generalized repair of a broad range of alkyl-DNA adducts and provides a framework for targeted discovery of new compounds with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah P. Bradley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katherine L. Wahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jacob L. Steenwyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brandt F. Eichman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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33
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Aiello GL, Richards KA. Epitaxial Growth of a Thin Layer of Putative Cancer Cells under Limited Resources and in the Presence of an Alkylating Agent. Nonlinear Dynamics Psychol Life Sci 2022; 26:131-148. [PMID: 35366219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the Eden cluster in a 32x32 lattice is implemented using a stochastic model. A single-type of cells solid tumor is assumed. Duplication is probabilistic, and occurs when there is room in the immediate surroundings of a cell, otherwise the cell is inhibited by contact. The growth is epitaxial, the shape of the cluster is disk-like; the ratio between the numbers of perimeter cells; and bulk cells decreases as the cluster grows. Percolation is flagged by an inflection in the rate of growth. We assume that the inflection point actually flags a shortage of nutrients, thereafter the rate of growth decreases to zero. Cancer cells in culture, when deprived of nutrients, actually exhibit a similar behavior. Under the logistic hypothesis, the lattice contains nutrients to sustain the growth up to 1024 cells. The model is expanded to include a drug that pollutes the environment. The drug is an alkylating agent that hinders duplication, eventually causing the death of the cell. The logistic equation accounts for drug consumption. The probability of duplication with the drug decreases as the drug is consumed, eventually leading to relapse. Relapses and survival times are investigated as a function of the dose injected.
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34
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Hill P, Zellmann F, Vukova T, Marini F, Kolmar S, Kaina B, Hofmann TG, Nikolova T. Dose response to methylating agents in the γH2AX, SCE and colony formation assays: Effect of MGMT and MPG overexpression. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2022; 876-877:503462. [PMID: 35483785 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells have developed diverse protective mechanisms that enable them to tolerate low doses of genotoxic compounds. DNA repair processes attenuate the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of alkylating agents, and multiple studies indicate a key role of specific DNA repair factors and pathways in establishing non-linear dose response relationships. Using an overexpression approach, we investigated the impact of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), which repairs O6-methylguanine (O6MeG) in a damage reversal reaction, and N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG), which acts as an apical enzyme in the BER pathway, on the DNA damage response to the alkylating agents MNNG and MMS. Our data indicate a clear protective effect of MGMT against MNNG-induced nuclear γH2AX foci formation, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and cytotoxicity, as determined in the colony formation assay. MGMT protected with similar efficiency against MMS-induced cytotoxicity and γH2AX foci formation, but suppressed SCE induction only weakly, which indicates that recombination events induced by MMS result from other lesions than O6MeG. In contrast, overexpression of MPG had only a very mild protective effect on the cellular defense against MMS and MNNG. Collectively, our data indicate that overexpression of MGMT results in non-linear DNA damage responses to O6MeG inducers. In contrast, MPG overexpression has only minor impact on the DNA damage response to alkylating drugs, indicating that other downstream enzymes in the BER pathway are limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hill
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Zellmann
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tsvetomira Vukova
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sarah Kolmar
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas G Hofmann
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Teodora Nikolova
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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Jin L, Zhang DL, Yu CJ, Liang W, Zhang R, Zhang QS, Liu XY, Zhang LJ. [Efficacy of mitomycin C 0.02% for prevention of haze after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy for mild and moderate myopia]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2022; 58:130-136. [PMID: 35144353 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20210320-00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the efficacy of mitomycin C (MMC) 0.02% for prevention of haze after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (Trans-PRK) for mild and moderate myopia. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. We reviewed medical records of 295 patients (588 eyes) who underwent Trans-PRK with or without use of MMC. There were 45 patients (90 eyes) in the mild myopia group (aged between 18 and 41 years; 37 males and 8 females; myopia diopter <3.00 D) and 250 patients (498 eyes) in the moderate myopia group (aged between 18 and 46 years; 168 males and 82 females; myopia diopter: 3.00 to 6.00 D). The two groups were divided into subgroups with MMC 0.02% and without MMC, respectively. The time of intraoperative application of MMC, if there was, was 15 s and 30 s in the mild myopia group and the moderate myopia group, respectively. The mean follow-up time was 6 months. Postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE) and haze were analyzed and compared using an independent Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test between subgroups. Haze variables were compared using chi-square statistics. Results: Haze was quantified with Fantes from grade 0.5 to 4. In the mild myopia group, all haze grades were 0.5 within 3 months. The incidence of haze was 6.25% (2/32) in eyes treated with MMC and 8.62% (5/58) in eyes treated without MMC; there was no statistical significance (χ²=0.00, P>0.999). In the moderate myopia group, the incidence of haze was 9.19% (24/261) in eyes treated with MMC within 3 months; the grade was 0.5 in 91.67% (22/24) of eyes with haze and 1 in 8.33% (2/24). The incidence of haze was 29.53% (70/237) in eyes treated without MMC; the grade was 0.5 in 60.00% (42/70) of eyes with haze, 1 in 18.57% (13/70), and 2 in 5.71% (4/70) within 3 months, and 0.5 in 15.71% (11/70) after 3 months (χ²=12.36, P=0.002). In the mild myopia group, BCVA was 5.0(5.0, 5.1) versus 5.0(5.0, 5.1) in the subgroups with MMC and without MMC (Z=-0.34, P=0.733). In the moderate myopia group, BCVA was 5.0(5.0, 5.1) versus 5.0(5.0, 5.1) in the subgroups with and without MMC (Z=-2.05, P=0.040). In the mild myopia group, SE was (0.33±1.07) D versus (0.32±0.57) D in the subgroups with and without MMC (t=0.25, P=0.805). In the moderate myopia group, SE was (0.66±0.85) D versus (0.53±0.67) D in the subgroups with and without MMC (t=2.97, P=0.003). Conclusions: MMC 0.02% was effective in preventing haze after Trans-PRK in the treatment of moderate myopia. However, it was not effective in mild myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116033, China
| | - D L Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - C J Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116033, China
| | - W Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116033, China
| | - R Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Q S Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116033, China
| | - X Y Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116033, China
| | - L J Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116033, China
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Somme F, Bender L, Kurtz JE, Gantzer J, Imperiale A. 18F-FDG PET/CT Monitoring of Tumor Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Alkylating Drugs in an SDH-Deficient GIST. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:e515-e517. [PMID: 33782316 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are associated with loss of function of SDH complex and represent 5% to 7.5% of GISTs. SDH-deficient GISTs usually develop in the stomach of children and young adults, and could be part of Carney triad or Carney-Stratakis syndromes including paraganglioma. SDH-deficient GISTs are often indolent despite the high rate of distant metastasis, and overall unresponsive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, epigenetic inactivation of MGMT leads to potential effectiveness of alkylating agents. We report the 18F-FDG PET/CT results for monitoring response to TKI and alkylating drugs in a patient with refractory SDHB-deficient GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Somme
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
| | - Laura Bender
- Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg
| | | | - Justine Gantzer
- Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg
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Gurjao C, Zhong R, Haruki K, Li YY, Spurr LF, Lee-Six H, Reardon B, Ugai T, Zhang X, Cherniack AD, Song M, Van Allen EM, Meyerhardt JA, Nowak JA, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS, Wu K, Ogino S, Giannakis M. Discovery and Features of an Alkylating Signature in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2446-2455. [PMID: 34140290 PMCID: PMC8487940 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several risk factors have been established for colorectal cancer, yet their direct mutagenic effects in patients' tumors remain to be elucidated. Here, we leveraged whole-exome sequencing data from 900 colorectal cancer cases that had occurred in three U.S.-wide prospective studies with extensive dietary and lifestyle information. We found an alkylating signature that was previously undescribed in colorectal cancer and then showed the existence of a similar mutational process in normal colonic crypts. This alkylating signature is associated with high intakes of processed and unprocessed red meat prior to diagnosis. In addition, this signature was more abundant in the distal colorectum, predicted to target cancer driver mutations KRAS p.G12D, KRAS p.G13D, and PIK3CA p.E545K, and associated with poor survival. Together, these results link for the first time a colorectal mutational signature to a component of diet and further implicate the role of red meat in colorectal cancer initiation and progression. SIGNIFICANCE: Colorectal cancer has several lifestyle risk factors, but the underlying mutations for most have not been observed directly in tumors. Analysis of 900 colorectal cancers with whole-exome sequencing and epidemiologic annotations revealed an alkylating mutational signature that was associated with red meat consumption and distal tumor location, as well as predicted to target KRAS p.G12D/p.G13D.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2355.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carino Gurjao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rong Zhong
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yvonne Y Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Liam F Spurr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Brendan Reardon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew D Cherniack
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Hindersmann B, Achten C. Urban soils impacted by tailings from coal mining: PAH source identification by 59 PAHs, BPCA and alkylated PAHs. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:1217-1225. [PMID: 30114601 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Urban soils in mining and industrial regions like the Ruhr Area are characterized by admixtures of anthropogenic substrates, e. g. tailings, coals, ashes, debris or scoria. These soils often show elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are commonly attributed to non-point pyrogenic carbon sources like soot and particulate matter. An emission source of PAHs into urban soils in these regions, that surprisingly is still largely neglected, are the millions of tons of tailings from underground coal mining that have been used as material for road construction, terrain leveling, river channeling and support of embankments. Here we classify the PAH sources of 13 urban soils as either petrogenic or pyrogenic. The soils contained (1) tailings, (2) ashes and (3) different anthropogenic substrates. The classification is based on a comprehensive analysis of 59 PAHs and alkylated PAH distributions by GC-MS and BPCA analyses by LC-TOF-MS. PAH concentrations (∑59 PAHs) of all soils ranged from 60 to 140 mg/kg, except one soil showing 559 mg/kg. The PAH source in the urban soils containing tailings was identified as petrogenic carbon due to (1) the dominance of low molecular weight PAHs, (2) bell shape distribution patterns of the alkylated PAHs, and (3) comparable BPCA distribution patterns to bituminous coals. In contrast, the PAH source of the ash-containing soil was identified as pyrogenic carbon by high molecular weight PAH percentages >80%, slope shape distribution patterns of the alkylated PAHs and a higher degree of aromatic condensation (B6CA/BPCA) than bituminous coals, coal ashes or charcoal. The urban soils containing different anthropogenic substrates revealed the occurrence of both a petrogenic and a pyrogenic PAH source. Surprisingly, the separate analyses of isolated coal ash particles revealed typical petrogenic indicators showing that by visual approach coal ashes cannot generally be classified as being of a pyrogenic PAH source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hindersmann
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 24, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 24, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Keiler AM, Macejova D, Dietz BM, Bolton JL, Pauli GF, Chen SN, van Breemen RB, Nikolic D, Goerl F, Muders MH, Zierau O, Vollmer G. Evaluation of estrogenic potency of a standardized hops extract on mammary gland biology and on MNU-induced mammary tumor growth in rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:234-241. [PMID: 28964928 PMCID: PMC5760272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Supplements with estrogenic activities are intensively investigated as potential alternatives for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. These investigations include studies on their safety regarding potential breast cancer risks. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether or not a standardized hops (Humulus lupulus) extract, containing 0.42% of the estrogenic flavanone, 8-prenylnaringenin, would stimulate growth of methyl-nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary cancer in ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or would impact on the proliferative activity within the normal mammary gland of Wistar rats. To induce tumorigenesis SD-rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 50mg/kg body weight of MNU on postnatal days PND 50 and 52. 28days later animals were OVX or were SHAM operated (positive control) and randomly allocated and maintained for 140days on either a phytoestrogen-free placebo diet (SHAM and negative control) or on the hops fortified diet. For the investigations in the normal mammary gland young adult Wistar rats were bilaterally OVX and randomly allocated to a control group fed to a phytoestrogen-free diet, or to a diet supplemented either with E2-benzoate or the hops extract. As a major result, the tumor incidence was 15% (3 tumors totally) in OVX controls, whereas it was 85% (39 tumors totally) in SHAM operated positive controls. No tumors were detectable in the hops group. In addition, no estrogenic activity of the hops extract was detectable in uterus and liver of these animals. In investigations on the normal mammary gland, no impact of hops extract on the expression of estrogen dependent proliferation markers or of progesterone receptor became apparent. In conclusion, the lack of growth stimulation of MNU-induced breast cancer in OVX SD-rats and the lack of stimulation proliferative events in the normal mammary gland of OVX Wistar rats by standardized hops extracts provides an important piece of evidence regarding the safety of these extracts in the management of menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekathrin M Keiler
- Chair for Molecular Cell Physiology & Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Institute for Doping Analytics and Sports Biochemistry Dresden (IDAS), Dresdner Str. 12, 01731 Kreischa, Germany
| | - Dana Macejova
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Birgit M Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judy L Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Florian Goerl
- Institute for Pathology, 01454 Radeberg, Germany; Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael H Muders
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Chair for Molecular Cell Physiology & Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Vollmer
- Chair for Molecular Cell Physiology & Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Abstract
Three new C-alkylated flavonoids, 4'-hydroxy-8-isobutyryl-7-methoxy-6-methyl-flavone (1), 4',7-dimethoxy-8-isobutyryl-6-methyl-flavone (2), and 4',7-dimethoxy-8-isobutyryl-flavone (3), together with three know ones luteolin (4), kaemferol (5), and quercetin (6), were isolated from Desmodium oblongum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compound 1 showed cytotoxicity against NB4, SHSY5Y, and MCF7 cell lines with IC50 values of 8.5, 6.5, and 7.8 μM; compound 2 showed cytotoxicity against SHSY5Y and PC3 cell lines with IC50 values of 5.0 and 6.8 μM; compound 3 displayed cytotoxicity against SHSY5Y and MCF7 cell lines with IC50 values of 6.4 and 9.4 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Li
- a College of Pharmaceutic Science , Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Kunming 650500 , China
- b Engineering Laboratory for National Healthcare Theories and Products of Yunnan Province , Yunnan University of Nationalities , Kunming 650031 , China
| | - Qiu-Fen Hu
- c Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education , Yunnan University of Nationalities , Kunming 650031 , China
| | - Gao-Xiong Rao
- a College of Pharmaceutic Science , Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Kunming 650500 , China
- b Engineering Laboratory for National Healthcare Theories and Products of Yunnan Province , Yunnan University of Nationalities , Kunming 650031 , China
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Cai Z, Liu W, Fu J, O'Reilly SE, Zhao D. Effects of oil dispersants on photodegradation of parent and alkylated anthracene in seawater. Environ Pollut 2017; 229:272-280. [PMID: 28601016 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated effects of three model oil dispersants on photodegradation of two model PAHs (anthracene and 9,10-dimethyanthracene (9,10-DMA)) under simulated sunlight. All three dispersants, i.e. Corexit EC9500A, Corexit EC9527A and SPC 1000, promoted the photolysis rate of 9,10-DMA, following the order of Corexit EC9500A > Corexit EC9527A > SPC 1000. The photodegradation rate was well interpreted by a two-stage, first-order kinetic law with a faster initial photolysis rate in the presence of the dispersants. Span 80, Tween 85 and kerosene were found as the key dispersant components, of which Span 80 and Tween 85 promoted the photodegradation by boosting absorbance of solar irradiation while kerosene by dispersing more PAHs in the upper layer of the water column. Dissolved oxygen (DO) inhibited photolysis of anthracene regardless of dispersant resulting from quenching the excited states of the PAH, while DO facilitated photolysis of 9,10-DMA due to the formation singlet oxygen (1O2) radicals in the presence of oil dispersants. The other ROS, i.e. •O2- and •OH, played a negligible role on the photodegradation of anthracene and 9,10-DMA. Fluorescence analysis showed that more anthracene was associated with dispersant than 9,10-DMA, which favored the direct transfer of energy to anthracene, while energy is more likely transferred to oxygen to form 1O2 in the case of 9,10-DMA. Direct photolysis dominated the photodegradation of anthracene and 9,10-DMA. Both direct ionization of anthracene and the electron transfer from excited 9,10-DMA to oxygen can lead to formation of the corresponding PAH radical cations. Overall, the oil dispersants accelerated the photolysis rates of the PAHs without altering the degradation pathway. The findings are useful for understanding photochemical weathering of dispersed oil components in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Cai
- Environmental Engineering Program, 238 Harbert Engineering Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Environmental Engineering Program, 238 Harbert Engineering Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jie Fu
- Environmental Engineering Program, 238 Harbert Engineering Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - S E O'Reilly
- Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, GOM Region, Office of Environment, New Orleans, LA 70123, USA
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, 238 Harbert Engineering Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Li R, Tan H, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. The retention and distribution of parent, alkylated, and N/O/S-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the epidermal tissue of mangrove seedlings. Environ Pollut 2017; 226:135-142. [PMID: 28419920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) located on the epidermal tissues showed distinctive toxic effects to root, while the retention and distribution of PAHs on mangrove seedlings poorly understood. Our results confirmed that the partition coefficients (Kf) of the PAHs retained on the epidermal tissue of mangrove roots, such as Kandelia obovata, Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculatum, were much higher than the Poaceae plants roots, for example wheat and maize (Wild et al., 2005). Moreover, to the parent and alkyl PAHs, a well negative correlation was observed between the surface polarity of these three species of mangrove root and the Kf values (p < 0.05). To the N/O/S containing PAHs, these relationships were not obviously due to existing of the π-π, n-π interactions and hydrogen bonding between the N/O/S-containing PAHs and epidermal tissues. The PAHs retained on these three species of mangrove root epidermal tissues formed larger clusters than that of on Poaceae plants, such as wheat and maize (Wild et al., 2005) due to the limitation of the suberization of the root exodermis and endodermis. After exposure of 30 d, rhizo- and endophytic bacteria degraded parts of the N/O/S-containing PAHs to medium-lifetime fluorescence substances. To our knowledge, this is the first time to assess the retention of PAHs on the epidermal tissue of mangrove root, which will improve our understanding of the root uptake PAHs process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Huadong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yaxian Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), Xiamen 361005, China.
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Jonas BA, Johnson C, Gratzinger D, Majeti R. Alkylator-Induced and Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Models of Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms Model Clinical Disease and Suggest the Presence of Multiple Cell Subpopulations with Leukemia Stem Cell Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159189. [PMID: 27428079 PMCID: PMC4948781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of aggressive bone marrow cancers arising from transformed hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Therapy-related AML and MDS (t-AML/MDS) comprise a subset of AML cases occurring after exposure to alkylating chemotherapy and/or radiation and are associated with a very poor prognosis. Less is known about the pathogenesis and disease-initiating/leukemia stem cell (LSC) subpopulations of t-AML/MDS compared to their de novo counterparts. Here, we report the development of mouse models of t-AML/MDS. First, we modeled alkylator-induced t-AML/MDS by exposing wild type adult mice to N-ethyl-N-nitrosurea (ENU), resulting in several models of AML and MDS that have clinical and pathologic characteristics consistent with human t-AML/MDS including cytopenia, myelodysplasia, and shortened overall survival. These models were limited by their inability to transplant clinically aggressive disease. Second, we established three patient-derived xenograft models of human t-AML. These models led to rapidly fatal disease in recipient immunodeficient xenografted mice. LSC activity was identified in multiple HSPC subpopulations suggesting there is no canonical LSC immunophenotype in human t-AML. Overall, we report several new t-AML/MDS mouse models that could potentially be used to further define disease pathogenesis and test novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
| | - Carl Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Dita Gratzinger
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The use of methyl iodide as a histochemical alkylating agent is described. Methyl iodide selectively esterifies carbohydrate and other carboxyl groups. Sulfate half esters are not affected. Phosphate esters are esterified by methyl iodide, although the latter reaction is more variable; in several tissues nuclear basophilia could not be abolished. Saponification with barium hydroxide reverses the methyl iodide blockade of basophilia. Sulfhydryl and phenol reactions are prevented by methylation with methyl iodide; amines are alkylated and the usual blockade of acidophilia by acylation or deamination is prevented. Saponification does not reverse the blockade of these latter groups. The periodic acid-Schiff and Sakaguchi reactions are not affected. Marked increases in acidophilia were noted after methylation with methyl iodide. The hypothesis that a large number of tissue acids and amines are ordinarily prevented from binding basic and acid dyes respectively by intra- or intermolecular salt linkages is set forth. Similarly, the inability of protein end groups to demonstrate chemically determined pK values (to 2.5 for carboxyl groups and to 12.0 for arginine) in their interaction with dyes is attributed to interfering salt linkages.
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KENIS Y. [Current trends in anticancer chemotherapy with alkylating agents]. Acta Clin Belg 2016; 17:1-7. [PMID: 14455142 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.1962.11717683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Swenberg JA, Richardson FC, Tyeryar L, Deal F, Boucheron J. The molecular dosimetry of DNA adducts formed by continuous exposure of rats to alkylating hepatocarcinogens. Prog Exp Tumor Res 2015; 31:42-51. [PMID: 3562859 DOI: 10.1159/000413902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Dobrek Ł, Baranowska A, Thor PJ. The influence of oxazaphosphorines alkylating agents on autonomic nervous system activity in rat experimental cystitis model. Acta Pol Pharm 2013; 70:1097-1105. [PMID: 24383333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The oxazaphosphorines alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide; CP and ifosfamide; IF) are often used in common clinical practice. However, treatment with CP/IF is burdened with the risk of many adverse drug reactions, especially including hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) that is associated with bladder overactivity symptoms (OAB). The HC pathophysiology is still not fully displayed; it seems that autonomic nervous system (ANS) functional abnormalities play important role in this disturbance. The aim of our study was to reveal the potential ANS differences in rat experimental HC model, evoked by CP and IF by an indirect ANS assessment--heart rate variability (HRV) study. We carried out our experimental research in three essential groups: control group (group 1), cyclophosphamide-induced HC (CP-HC; group 2) one and ifosfamide-induced HC (IF-HC; group 3) one. CP was i.p. administrated four times in dose of 75 mg/kg body weight while IF-treated rats received i.p. five drug doses; 50 mg/kg body weight. Control rats were administrated i.p. vehicle in appropriate volumes as CP/IF treated animals. HRV studies were performed the next day after the last oxazaphosphorines dose. Standard time- and spectral (frequency) domain parameters were estimated. We confirmed the HC development after both CP/IF in macroscopic assessment and bladder wet weight measurement; however, it was more aggravated in CP-HC group. Moreover, we demonstrated HRV disturbances, suggesting ANS impairment after both studied oxazaphosphorines, however, consistent with the findings mentioned above, the autonomic dysfunction was more emphasized after CP. CP treatment was also associated with changes of non-normalized HRV spectral components percentage distribution--a marked very low frequency--VLF [%] increase together with low frequency--LF [%] and high frequency--HF [%] decrease were observed. Taking into consideration the next findings, demonstrating the lack of both normalized power spectral components (nLF and nHF) values, the VLF percentage change seems to be of special meaning. IF produced smaller autonomic disturbances, and gentler bladders histological abnormalities comparing to CP. However, similar to CP, VLF [%] relative augmentation together with LF [%] and HF [%] drop accompanied the global ANS activity decrease. Additionally, in the case of IF treatment, a slight trend of nLF increase with nHF decrease was noted, suggesting the possible functional rearrangement between sympathetic (nLF) and parasympathetic (nHF) tension. It seems possible that the vagal withdrawal and--as a consequence--sympathetic overactivity, reflected by VLF [%] enlargement and HF and LF [%] diminishing (as well as LF and HF values decrease), may be an evidence of impaired anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway, aggravating bladder inflammatory lesions. To sum up, our study showed ANS impairment in both CP- and IF-evoked experimental HC that was reflected in HRV recordings. HRV study, thus, may be considered to be a diagnostic tool for CP/IF treated patients, estimating autonomic abnormalities, associated with the HC development risk and its clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Dobrek
- Department of Pathopsychology Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Baranowska
- Department of Pathopsychology Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr J Thor
- Department of Pathopsychology Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
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Kumar RS, Sunderam RS, Sivakumar T, Sivakumar P, Sureshkumar R, Kanagasabi R, Vijaya M, Perumal BP, Gupta M, Mazumdar UK, Kumar MS, Kumar KA. Effect ofBauhinia racemosaStem Bark on N-nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats. Am J Chin Med 2012; 35:103-14. [PMID: 17265555 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x07004667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant defense system induced by the methanol extract of Bauhinia racemosa L.(MEBR) against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wister albino rats. The effects of MEBR on surface visible macroscopic (Morphometry) liver lesions (neoplastic nodules) and the levels of serum enzymes, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants were evaluated in NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.In rats treated, with NDEA, significantly elevated levels of serum enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP), bilirubin and decreased levels of protein and uric acid were observed. Significantly elevated amount of malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipidperoxidation, indicated higher levels of lipid peroxidation, which was accompanied by significantly decreased levels of antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Administration of MEBR was able to suppress nodule development/hepatocellular lesion formation in rats. The extract treatment increases in antioxidant levels and dramatic decreases in lipid peroxidation levels. MEBR also produced a protective effect by decreasing the level of serum enzymes, bilirubin and increased the protein and uric acid levels. The results suggest that MEBR exert chemopreventive effects by suppressing nodule development and decreasing lipid peroxidation and enhancing the levels of antioxidants in NDEA carcinogenesis by reducing the formation of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanathan Sambath Kumar
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, JKK Nataraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, Namakkal-638 183, Tamilnadu, India.
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