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You M, Shamseldin HE, Fogle HM, Rushing BR, AlMalki RH, Jaafar A, Hashem M, Abdulwahab F, Rahman AMA, Krupenko NI, Alkuraya FS, Krupenko SA. Further delineation of the phenotypic and metabolomic profile of ALDH1L2-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Clin Genet 2024; 105:488-498. [PMID: 38193334 PMCID: PMC10990829 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
ALDH1L2, a mitochondrial enzyme in folate metabolism, converts 10-formyl-THF (10-formyltetrahydrofolate) to THF (tetrahydrofolate) and CO2. At the cellular level, deficiency of this NADP+-dependent reaction results in marked reduction in NADPH/NADP+ ratio and reduced mitochondrial ATP. Thus far, a single patient with biallelic ALDH1L2 variants and the phenotype of a neurodevelopmental disorder has been reported. Here, we describe another patient with a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with a novel homozygous missense variant in ALDH1L2, Pro133His. The variant caused marked reduction in the ALDH1L2 enzyme activity in skin fibroblasts derived from the patient as probed by 10-FDDF, a stable synthetic analog of 10-formyl-THF. Additional associated abnormalities in these fibroblasts include reduced NADPH/NADP+ ratio and pool of mitochondrial ATP, upregulated autophagy and dramatically altered metabolomic profile. Overall, our study further supports a link between ALDH1L2 deficiency and abnormal neurodevelopment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyoung You
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Hanan E. Shamseldin
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Halle M. Fogle
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Blake R. Rushing
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Reem H. AlMalki
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Jaafar
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M. Abdel Rahman
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Natalia I. Krupenko
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fowzan S. Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergey A. Krupenko
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Rushing BR. Unlocking the Molecular Secrets of Antifolate Drug Resistance: A Multi-Omics Investigation of the NCI-60 Cell Line Panel. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2532. [PMID: 37760973 PMCID: PMC10526174 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance continues to be a significant problem in cancer therapy, leading to relapse and associated mortality. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding drug resistance, significant knowledge gaps remain concerning the molecular underpinnings that drive drug resistance and which processes are unique to certain drug classes. The NCI-60 cell line panel program has evaluated the activity of numerous anticancer agents against many common cancer cell line models and represents a highly valuable resource to study intrinsic drug resistance. Furthermore, great efforts have been undertaken to collect high-quality omics datasets to characterize these cell lines. The current study takes these two sources of data-drug response and omics profiles-and uses a multi-omics investigation to uncover molecular networks that differentiate cancer cells that are sensitive or resistant to antifolates, which is a commonly used class of anticancer drugs. Results from a combination of univariate and multivariate analyses showed numerous metabolic processes that differentiate sensitive and resistant cells, including differences in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, arginine and proline metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, purine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. Further analysis using multivariate and integrated pathway analysis indicated purine metabolism as the major metabolic process separating cancer cells sensitive or resistant to antifolates. Additional pathways differentiating sensitive and resistant cells included autophagy-related processes (e.g., phagosome, lysosome, autophagy, mitophagy) and adhesion/cytoskeleton-related pathways (e.g., focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, tight junction). Volcano plot analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of top selected variables differentiating Q1 and Q4 revealed the importance of genes involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM). These results provide novel insights toward mechanisms of intrinsic antifolate resistance as it relates to interactions between nucleotide metabolism, autophagy, and the cytoskeleton. These processes should be evaluated in future studies to potentially derive novel therapeutic strategies and personalized treatment approaches to improve antifolate response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R. Rushing
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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3
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Rushing BR. Multi-Omics Analysis of NCI-60 Cell Line Data Reveals Novel Metabolic Processes Linked with Resistance to Alkylating Anti-Cancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13242. [PMID: 37686047 PMCID: PMC10487847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the molecular determinants influencing the response of cancer cells to alkylating agents, a major class of chemotherapeutic drugs used in cancer treatment. The study utilized data from the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-60 cell line screening program and employed a comprehensive multi-omics approach integrating transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and SNP data. Through integrated pathway analysis, the study identified key metabolic pathways, such as cysteine and methionine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and purine metabolism, that differentiate drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells. The analysis also revealed potential druggable targets within these pathways. Furthermore, copy number variant (CNV) analysis, derived from SNP data, between sensitive and resistant cells identified notable differences in genes associated with metabolic changes (WWOX, CNTN5, DDAH1, PGR), protein trafficking (ARL17B, VAT1L), and miRNAs (MIR1302-2, MIR3163, MIR1244-3, MIR1302-9). The findings of this study provide a holistic view of the molecular landscape and dysregulated pathways underlying the response of cancer cells to alkylating agents. The insights gained from this research can contribute to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies and personalized treatment approaches, ultimately improving patient outcomes in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R. Rushing
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Rushing BR, Molina S, Sumner S. Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Altered Metabolic Pathways and Response to Doxorubicin in Drug-Resistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2023; 13:865. [PMID: 37512572 PMCID: PMC10383792 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate metabolic changes following the acquisition of resistance to doxorubicin in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231. Two drug-resistant cell lines, DOX-RES-50 and DOX-RES-100, were generated by treating MDA-MB-231 cells with doxorubicin for 24 h and allowing them to recover for six weeks. Both drug-resistant cell lines demonstrated an increase in doxorubicin IC50 values, indicating acquired drug resistance. Metabolomics analysis showed clear separation between the parental MDA-MB-231 cell line and the drug-resistant cell lines. Pathway analysis revealed that arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and beta-alanine metabolism were significantly perturbed in the drug-resistant cell lines compared to the parental cell line. After matching signals to an in-house library of reference standards, significant decreases in short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines and significant increases in long-chain acylcarnitines, 5-oxoproline, and 7-ketodeoxycholic acid were observed in the resistant cell lines as compared to the parental MDA-MB-231 cell line. In addition to baseline metabolic differences, we also investigated differences in metabolic responses in resistant cell lines upon a second exposure at multiple concentrations. Results indicate that whereas the parental MDA-MB-231 cell line had many metabolites that responded to doxorubicin in a dose-dependent manner, the two resistant cell lines lost a dose-dependent response for the majority of these metabolites. The study's findings provide insight into how metabolism is altered during the acquisition of resistance in TNBC cells and how the metabolic response to doxorubicin changes upon repeated treatment. This information can potentially identify novel targets to prevent or reverse multi-drug resistance in TNBC, and also demonstrate the usefulness of metabolomics technology in identifying new mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer and potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R Rushing
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Sabrina Molina
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Susan Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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5
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Lynch DH, Rushing BR, Pathmasiri W, McRitchie S, Batchek DJ, Petersen CL, Gross DC, Sumner SCJ, Batsis JA. Baseline Serum Biomarkers Predict Response to a Weight Loss Intervention in Older Adults with Obesity: A Pilot Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:853. [PMID: 37512560 PMCID: PMC10385260 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction and aerobic and resistance exercise are safe and effective lifestyle interventions for achieving weight loss in the obese older population (>65 years) and may improve physical function and quality of life. However, individual responses are heterogeneous. Our goal was to explore the use of untargeted metabolomics to identify metabolic phenotypes associated with achieving weight loss after a multi-component weight loss intervention. Forty-two older adults with obesity (body mass index, BMI, ≥30 kg/m2) participated in a six-month telehealth-based weight loss intervention. Each received weekly dietitian visits and twice-weekly physical therapist-led group strength training classes with a prescription for aerobic exercise. We categorized responders' weight loss using a 5% loss of initial body weight as a cutoff. Baseline serum samples were analyzed to determine the variable importance to the projection (VIP) of signals that differentiated the responder status of metabolic profiles. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted in Metaboanalyst. Baseline data did not differ significantly. Weight loss was 7.2 ± 2.5 kg for the 22 responders, and 2.0 ± 2.0 kg for the 20 non-responders. Mummichog pathway enrichment analysis revealed that perturbations were most significant for caffeine and caffeine-related metabolism (p = 0.00028). Caffeine and related metabolites, which were all increased in responders, included 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (VIP = 2.0, p = 0.033, fold change (FC) = 1.9), theophylline (VIP = 2.0, p = 0.024, FC = 1.8), paraxanthine (VIP = 2.0, p = 0.028, FC = 1.8), 1-methylxanthine (VIP = 1.9, p = 0.023, FC = 2.2), 5-acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil (VIP = 2.2, p = 0.025, FC = 2.2), 1,3-dimethyl uric acid (VIP = 2.1, p = 0.023, FC = 2.3), and 1,7-dimethyl uric acid (VIP = 2.0, p = 0.035, FC = 2.2). Increased levels of phytochemicals and microbiome-related metabolites were also found in responders compared to non-responders. In this pilot weight loss intervention, older adults with obesity and evidence of significant enrichment for caffeine metabolism were more likely to achieve ≥5% weight loss. Further studies are needed to examine these associations in prospective cohorts and larger randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Lynch
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, BMBS 5003 Old Clinic/CB #7550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Blake R Rushing
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susan McRitchie
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Dakota J Batchek
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, BMBS 5003 Old Clinic/CB #7550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Curtis L Petersen
- Geisel School of Medicine, The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Danae C Gross
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susan C J Sumner
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John A Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, BMBS 5003 Old Clinic/CB #7550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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6
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Fennell EMJ, Aponte-Collazo LJ, Pathmasiri W, Rushing BR, Barker NK, Partridge MC, Li YY, White CA, Greer YE, Herring LE, Lipkowitz S, Sumner SCJ, Iwanowicz EJ, Graves LM. Multi-omics analyses reveal ClpP activators disrupt essential mitochondrial pathways in triple-negative breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1136317. [PMID: 37063293 PMCID: PMC10103842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1136317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ClpP activators ONC201 and related small molecules (TR compounds, Madera Therapeutics), have demonstrated significant anti-cancer potential in vitro and in vivo studies, including clinical trials for refractory solid tumors. Though progress has been made in identifying specific phenotypic outcomes following ClpP activation, the exact mechanism by which ClpP activation leads to broad anti-cancer activity has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we utilized a multi-omics approach to identify the ClpP-dependent proteomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic changes resulting from ONC201 or the TR compound TR-57 in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Applying mass spectrometry-based methods of proteomics and metabolomics, we identified ∼8,000 proteins and 588 metabolites, respectively. From proteomics data, 113 (ONC201) and 191 (TR-57) proteins significantly increased and 572 (ONC201) and 686 (TR-57) proteins significantly decreased in this study. Gene ontological (GO) analysis revealed strong similarities between proteins up- or downregulated by ONC201 or TR-57 treatment. Notably, this included the downregulation of many mitochondrial processes and proteins, including mitochondrial translation and mitochondrial matrix proteins. We performed a large-scale transcriptomic analysis of WT SUM159 cells, identifying ∼7,700 transcripts (746 and 1,100 significantly increasing, 795 and 1,013 significantly decreasing in ONC201 and TR-57 treated cells, respectively). Less than 21% of these genes were affected by these compounds in ClpP null cells. GO analysis of these data demonstrated additional similarity of response to ONC201 and TR-57, including a decrease in transcripts related to the mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix, cell cycle, and nucleus, and increases in other nuclear transcripts and transcripts related to metal-ion binding. Comparison of response between both compounds demonstrated a highly similar response in all -omics datasets. Analysis of metabolites also revealed significant similarities between ONC201 and TR-57 with increases in α-ketoglutarate and 2-hydroxyglutaric acid and decreased ureidosuccinic acid, L-ascorbic acid, L-serine, and cytidine observed following ClpP activation in TNBC cells. Further analysis identified multiple pathways that were specifically impacted by ClpP activation, including ATF4 activation, heme biosynthesis, and the citrulline/urea cycle. In summary the results of our studies demonstrate that ONC201 and TR-57 induce highly similar and broad effects against multiple mitochondrial processes required for cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. J. Fennell
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lucas J. Aponte-Collazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Blake R. Rushing
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Natalie K. Barker
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Michael Hooker Proteomics Core Facility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Megan C. Partridge
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Cody A. White
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yoshimi E. Greer
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Laura E. Herring
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Michael Hooker Proteomics Core Facility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Susan C. J. Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | | | - Lee M. Graves
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Lee M. Graves,
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Rushing BR, Fogle HM, Sharma J, You M, McCormac JP, Molina S, Sumner S, Krupenko NI, Krupenko SA. Exploratory Metabolomics Underscores the Folate Enzyme ALDH1L1 as a Regulator of Glycine and Methylation Reactions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238394. [PMID: 36500483 PMCID: PMC9740053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Folate (vitamin B9) is involved in one-carbon transfer reactions and plays a significant role in nucleic acid synthesis and control of cellular proliferation, among other key cellular processes. It is now recognized that the role of folates in different stages of carcinogenesis is complex, and more research is needed to understand how folate reactions become dysregulated in cancers and the metabolic consequences that occur as a result. ALDH1L1 (cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase), an enzyme of folate metabolism expressed in many tissues, is ubiquitously downregulated in cancers and is not expressed in cancer cell lines. The RT4 cell line (derived from papillary bladder cancer) which expresses high levels of ALDH1L1 represents an exception, providing an opportunity to explore the metabolic consequences of the loss of this enzyme. We have downregulated this protein in RT4 cells (shRNA driven knockdown or CRISPR driven knockout) and compared metabolomes of ALDH1L1-expressing and -deficient cells to determine if metabolic changes linked to the loss of this enzyme might provide proliferative and/or survival advantages for cancer cells. In this study, cell extracts were analyzed using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS). A total of 13,339 signals were identified or annotated using an in-house library and public databases. Supervised and unsupervised multivariate analysis revealed metabolic differences between RT4 cells and ALDH1L1-deficient clones. Glycine (8-fold decrease) and metabolites derived from S-adenosylmethionine utilizing pathways were significantly decreased in the ALDH1L1-deficient clones, compared with RT4 cells. Other changes linked to ALDH1L1 downregulation include decreased levels of amino acids, Krebs cycle intermediates, and ribose-5-phosphate, and increased nicotinic acid. While the ALDH1L1-catalyzed reaction is directly linked to glycine biosynthesis and methyl group flux, its overall effect on cellular metabolism extends beyond immediate metabolic pathways controlled by this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R. Rushing
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Halle M. Fogle
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jaspreet Sharma
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Mikyoung You
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Molina
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Susan Sumner
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Natalia I. Krupenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sergey A. Krupenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.A.K.)
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8
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Rushing BR, Tilley S, Molina S, Schroder M, Sumner S. Commonalities in Metabolic Reprogramming between Tobacco Use and Oral Cancer. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10261. [PMID: 36011897 PMCID: PMC9408724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use is a major public health concern and is linked to myriad diseases, including cancer. The link between tobacco use and oral cancer, specifically, is very strong, making tobacco use one of the primary risk factors for oral cancer. While this association is well known, the underlying biochemical changes that result from tobacco use, and how this links to metabolic phenotypes of oral cancer, is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, a combination of literature reviews and metabolomics studies were performed to identify commonalities in metabolic perturbations between tobacco use and oral cancers. Metabolomics analysis was performed on pooled reference urine from smokers and non-smokers, healthy and malignant oral tissues, and cultured oral cells with or without treatment of the well-known tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Alterations in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrates/oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, nucleotide metabolism, steroid metabolism, and vitamin metabolism were found to be shared between tobacco use and oral cancer. These results support the conclusion that tobacco use metabolically reprograms oral cells to support malignant transformation through these pathways. These metabolic reprogramming events may be potential targets to prevent or treat oral cancers that arise from tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R. Rushing
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Spencer Tilley
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sabrina Molina
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Madison Schroder
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Susan Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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9
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Sharma J, Rushing BR, Hall MS, Helke KL, McRitchie SL, Krupenko NI, Sumner SJ, Krupenko SA. Sex-Specific Metabolic Effects of Dietary Folate Withdrawal in Wild-Type and Aldh1l1 Knockout Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050454. [PMID: 35629957 PMCID: PMC9143804 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ALDH1L1 (10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase), an enzyme of folate metabolism, is highly expressed in the liver. It regulates the overall flux of folate-bound one-carbon groups by converting 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO2 in a NADP+-dependent reaction. Our previous study revealed that Aldh1l1 knockout (KO) mice have an altered liver metabotype with metabolic symptoms of folate deficiency when fed a standard chow diet containing 2 ppm folic acid. Here we performed untargeted metabolomic analysis of liver and plasma of KO and wild-type (WT) male and female mice fed for 16 weeks either standard or folate-deficient diet. OPLS-DA, a supervised multivariate technique that was applied to 6595 and 10,678 features for the liver and plasma datasets, respectively, indicated that genotype and diet, alone or in combination, gave distinct metabolic profiles in both types of biospecimens. A more detailed analysis of affected metabolic pathways based on most confidently identified metabolites in the liver and plasma (OL1 and OL2a ontology level) indicated that the dietary folate restriction itself does not fully recapitulate the metabolic effect of the KO. Of note, dietary folate withdrawal enhanced the metabolic perturbations linked to the ALDH1L1 loss only for a subset of metabolites. Importantly, both the ALDH1L1 loss and dietary folate deficiency produced sex-specific metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Sharma
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (B.R.R.); (M.S.H.); (S.L.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Blake R. Rushing
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (B.R.R.); (M.S.H.); (S.L.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.J.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Madeline S. Hall
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (B.R.R.); (M.S.H.); (S.L.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.J.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristi L. Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Susan L. McRitchie
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (B.R.R.); (M.S.H.); (S.L.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Natalia I. Krupenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (B.R.R.); (M.S.H.); (S.L.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.J.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (B.R.R.); (M.S.H.); (S.L.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.J.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sergey A. Krupenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (B.R.R.); (M.S.H.); (S.L.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.J.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Wiggs A, Molina S, Sumner SJ, Rushing BR. A Review of Metabolic Targets of Anticancer Nutrients and Nutraceuticals in Pre-Clinical Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:1990. [PMID: 35631131 PMCID: PMC9146055 DOI: 10.3390/nu14101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is notoriously aggressive and has poorer outcomes as compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Due to a lack of targeted therapies, TNBC is often treated with chemotherapeutics as opposed to hormone therapy or other targeted therapies available to individuals with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers. Because of the lack of treatment options for TNBC, other therapeutic avenues are being explored. Metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of cancer, provides potential opportunities to target cancer cells more specifically, increasing efficacy and reducing side effects. Nutrients serve a significant role in metabolic processes involved in DNA transcription, protein folding, and function as co-factors in enzyme activity, and may provide novel strategies to target cancer cell metabolism in TNBC. This article reviews studies that have investigated how nutrients/nutraceuticals target metabolic processes in TNBC cells alone or in combination with existing drugs to exert anticancer effects. These agents have been shown to cause perturbations in many metabolic processes related to glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, as well as autophagy and oxidative stress-related metabolism. With this information, we present the potential of nutrients as metabolism-directed anticancer agents and the potential for using these agents alone or in cocktails as a new direction for TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alleigh Wiggs
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sabrina Molina
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 280821, USA
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 280821, USA
| | - Blake R. Rushing
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 280821, USA
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11
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Rushing BR, McRitchie S, Arbeeva L, Nelson AE, Azcarate-Peril MA, Li YY, Qian Y, Pathmasiri W, Sumner SC, Loeser RF. Fecal metabolomics reveals products of dysregulated proteolysis and altered microbial metabolism in obesity-related osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:81-91. [PMID: 34718137 PMCID: PMC8712415 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this exploratory study was to determine if perturbations in gut microbial composition and the gut metabolome could be linked to individuals with obesity and osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Fecal samples were collected from obese individuals diagnosed with radiographic hand plus knee OA (n = 59), defined as involvement of at least 3 joints across both hands, and a Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 2-4 (or total knee replacement) in at least one knee. Controls (n = 33) were without hand OA and with KL grade 0-1 knees. Fecal metabolomes were analyzed by a UHPLC/Q Exactive HFx mass spectrometer. Microbiome composition was determined in fecal samples by 16 S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing (rRNA-seq). Stepwise logistic regression models were built to determine microbiome and/or metabolic characteristics of OA. RESULTS Untargeted metabolomics analysis indicated that OA cases had significantly higher levels of di- and tripeptides and significant perturbations in microbial metabolites including propionic acid, indoles, and other tryptophan metabolites. Pathway analysis revealed several significantly perturbed pathways associated with OA including leukotriene metabolism, amino acid metabolism and fatty acid utilization. Logistic regression models selected metabolites associated with the gut microbiota and leaky gut syndrome as significant predictors of OA status, particularly when combined with the rRNA-seq data. CONCLUSIONS Adults with obesity and knee plus hand OA have distinct fecal metabolomes characterized by increased products of proteolysis, perturbations in leukotriene metabolism, and changes in microbial metabolites compared with controls. These metabolic perturbations indicate a possible role of dysregulated proteolysis in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R. Rushing
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Susan McRitchie
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amanda E. Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Yunzhi Qian
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Susan C.J. Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, USA,Corresponding authors: Richard F. Loeser, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, 3300 Thurston Building, Campus Box 7280, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA, Phone: 919-966-7042; , Susan C.J. Sumner, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,
| | - Richard F. Loeser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Corresponding authors: Richard F. Loeser, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, 3300 Thurston Building, Campus Box 7280, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA, Phone: 919-966-7042; , Susan C.J. Sumner, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,
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12
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Fennell EM, Aponte-Collazo LJ, Rushing BR, Li YY, Pathmasiri W, Wynn JD, Graves PR, Holmuhamedov EL, Herring LE, Iwanowicz EJ, Graves LM. Abstract 2398: Disruption of mitochondrial metabolism by ClpP activation in triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ONC201 is a novel anticancer compound currently in over 20 clinical trials for multiple different cancers, including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We recently demonstrated that ONC201 and the more potent TR compounds selectively activate the mitochondrial protease ClpP. While previous studies demonstrated substantial effects on mitochondrial metabolism, the consequences of ClpP activation on cancer cell metabolism are yet to be defined. To investigate this, we performed an unbiased metabolomics and proteomics analysis comparing the effects of ONC201 and TR-57 on the TNBC metabolome and proteome. Consistent with these compounds targeting the mitochondria, our studies identified multiple mitochondrial metabolites and enzymes that were impacted by ClpP activation, such as TCA cycle intermediates and enzymes, heat shock proteins and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins. In addition to previously reported elements of the integrated stress response (ATF4, CHOP), we identified several proteins that were upregulated as part of the mitochondrial-nuclear signaling process. qRT-PCR was used to determine the impact of ONC201 or TR-57 treatment on transcript levels of proteomic hits. Importantly, the effects of ONC201 and the TR compounds on these proteins and cell growth were abolished in ClpP null cells. In summary, our studies further demonstrate that loss of metabolic function in mitochondria contributes to the anticancer activity of these ClpP activator compounds.
Citation Format: Emily M. Fennell, Lucas J. Aponte-Collazo, Blake R. Rushing, Yuan-Yuan Li, Wimal Pathmasiri, Joshua D. Wynn, Paul R. Graves, Ekhson L. Holmuhamedov, Laura E. Herring, Edwin J. Iwanowicz, Lee M. Graves. Disruption of mitochondrial metabolism by ClpP activation in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2398.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- 2University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC
| | | | - Joshua D. Wynn
- 1University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Paul R. Graves
- 3New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Lee M. Graves
- 1University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Polli JR, Rushing BR, Lish L, Lewis L, Selim MI, Pan X. Quantitative analysis of PAH compounds in DWH crude oil and their effects on Caenorhabditis elegans germ cell apoptosis, associated with CYP450s upregulation. Sci Total Environ 2020; 745:140639. [PMID: 32758758 PMCID: PMC10727915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill marked the largest environmental oil spill in human history, where it was estimated a large amount of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were released with crude oil into the environment. In this study, common PAH compounds were quantitatively determined in crude oil from the DWH spill by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Twelve PAH compounds were identified and quantified from a 100× dilution of DWH crude oil: naphthalene (7800 ng/mL), acenaphthylene (590 ng/mL), acenaphtehen (540 ng/mL), fluorene (2550 ng/mL), phenanthrene (2910 ng/mL), anthracene (840 ng/mL), fluoranthene (490 ng/mL), pyrene (290 ng/mL), benzo(k) fluoranthene (1050 ng/mL), benzo(b)fluoranthene (1360 ng/mL), dibenz(a,h)anthracene (2560 ng/mL), and benzo(g, h, i) perylene (630 ng/mL). Toxicity assays using the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), indicated a single PAH compound naphthalene, exposure increased C. elegans germ cell apoptosis which may adversely affect progeny reproduction. The number of apoptotic germ cells significantly increased from 1.4 to 2.5 when worms were treated with 10 μg/mL of naphthalene and from 1.3 to 2.5 and 3.5 cells in presence of 1 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL of benzo(a)pyrene, respectively. Five CYP450 genes (CYP14A3, CYP35A1, CYP35A2, CYP35A5, and CYP35C1) were significantly upregulated following 500× dilution of dispersed crude oil exposure (p < 0.05). These results suggest that CYP450s may play a role in bioactivation of PAHs in crude oil, resulting in DNA damage related germ cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blake R Rushing
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Luke Lish
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, USA
| | - Leia Lewis
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, USA
| | - Mustafa I Selim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, USA.
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Strom CJ, Isler C, Haven K, Newton E, Kew K, Rushing BR, McDonald S, May LE. Maternal Exercise and DHA Levels During Pregnancy Influences Infant Body Composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000563063.29844.4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Rushing BR, Selim MI. Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational exposure, and detoxification methods. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 124:81-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Rushing BR, Selim MI. Adduction to arginine detoxifies aflatoxin B1 by eliminating genotoxicity and altering in vitro toxicokinetic profiles. Oncotarget 2018; 9:4559-4570. [PMID: 29435124 PMCID: PMC5796995 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a class 1 carcinogen and prominent food contaminant, is highly linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and plays a causative role in a large portion of global HCC cases. We have demonstrated that a mixture of common organic acids (citric and phosphoric acid) along with arginine can eliminate >99% of AFB1 in solution as well as on corn kernels and convert it to the AFB2a-Arg adduct, acting as a potential detoxification process for contaminated foods. Evaluation of toxicokinetic changes after AFB2a-Arg formation show that the product is highly stable in biological fluids, is not metabolized by P450 enzymes, is highly plasma protein bound, has low lipid solubility, and has poor intestinal permeability/high intestinal efflux compared to AFB1. Ames' test results show that at mutagenic concentrations of AFB1, AFB2a-Arg does not have any measurable mutagenic effect which was confirmed by DNA adduct identification by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Evaluation in HepG2 and HepaRG cells showed that AFB2a-Arg did not cause any significant decreases in cell viability nor did it increase micronuclei formation when administered at toxic concentrations of AFB1. These results show that conversion of AFB1 to AFB2a-Arg is a potential strategy to detoxify contaminated foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R. Rushing
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Mustafa I. Selim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R. Rushing
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, United States
| | - Mustafa I. Selim
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, United States
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18
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Starr JM, Rushing BR, Selim MI. Solvent-dependent transformation of aflatoxin B 1 in soil. Mycotoxin Res 2017; 33:197-205. [PMID: 28434149 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-017-0278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To date, all studies of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) transformation in soil or in purified mineral systems have identified aflatoxins B2 (AFB2) and G2 (AFG2) as the primary transformation products. However, identification in these studies was made using thin layer chromatography which has relatively low resolution, and these studies did not identify a viable mechanism by which such transformations would occur. Further, the use of methanol as the solvent delivery vehicle in these studies may have contributed to formation of artifactual transformation products. In this study, we investigated the role of the solvent vehicle in the transformation of AFB1 in soil. To do this, we spiked soils with AFB1 dissolved in water (93:7, water/methanol) or methanol and used HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS to identify the transformation products. Contrasting previous published reports, we did not detect AFB2 or AFG2. In an aqueous-soil environment, we identified aflatoxin B2a (AFB2a) as the single major transformation product. We propose that AFB2a is formed from hydrolysis of AFB1 with the soil acting as an acid catalyst. Alternatively, when methanol was used, we identified methoxy aflatoxin species likely formed via acid-catalyzed addition of methanol to AFB1. These results suggest that where soil moisture is adequate, AFB1 is hydrolyzed to AFB2a and that reactive organic solvents should be avoided when replicating natural conditions to study the fate of AFB1 in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Starr
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, USEPA MD D205-05, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Blake R Rushing
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Mustafa I Selim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
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19
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Rushing BR, Hu Q, Franklin JN, McMahen R, Dagnino S, Higgins CP, Strynar MJ, DeWitt JC. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate in C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol Sci 2017:kfw251. [PMID: 28115649 PMCID: PMC6085165 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate was designed to replace perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which has been mostly phased out of U.S. production due to environmental persistence, detectable human and wildlife serum concentrations, and reports of systemic toxicity. In rodent models, PFOA exposure suppresses T cell-dependent antibody responses (TDAR) and vaccine responses in exposed humans. To determine replacement compound effects on TDAR and related parameters, male and female C57BL/6 mice were gavaged with 0, 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Mice immunized with antigen on day 24 were evaluated for TDAR and splenic lymphocyte subpopulations five days later. Serum and urine were collected for test compound concentrations and liver peroxisome proliferation was measured. Relative liver weight at 10 and 100 mg/kg and peroxisome proliferation at 100 mg/kg were increased in both sexes. TDAR was suppressed in females at 100 mg/kg. T lymphocyte numbers were increased in males at 100 mg/kg; B lymphocyte numbers were unchanged in both sexes. Females had less serum accumulation and higher clearance than males, and males had higher urine concentrations than females at all times and doses. While this PFOA-replacement compound appears less potent at suppressing TDAR relative to PFOA, it produces detectable changes in parameters affected by PFOA; further studies are necessary to determine its full immunomodulatory profile and potential synergism with other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances of environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R Rushing
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, ; ; ;
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, ; ; ;
| | - Jason N Franklin
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, ; ; ;
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711,
| | - Rebecca McMahen
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education (ORISE) Fellows, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,27711, ;
| | - Sonia Dagnino
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education (ORISE) Fellows, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,27711, ;
- Current address: Toxicology Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711
| | - Christopher P Higgins
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education (ORISE) Fellows, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,27711, ;
| | - Mark J Strynar
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education (ORISE) Fellows, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,27711, ;
| | - Jamie C DeWitt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, ; ; ; .
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Rushing BR, Selim MI. Effect of dietary acids on the formation of aflatoxin B2a as a means to detoxify aflatoxin B1. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1456-67. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1217065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blake R. Rushing
- East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Mustafa I. Selim
- East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Greenville, NC, USA
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