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Karagas MR, McRitchie S, Hoen AG, Takigawa C, Jackson B, Baker ER, Madan J, Sumner SJ, Pathmasiri W. Alterations in Microbial-Associated Fecal Metabolites in Relation to Arsenic Exposure Among Infants. Expo Health 2022; 14:941-949. [PMID: 36776720 PMCID: PMC9918239 DOI: 10.1007/s12403-022-00468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In utero and early life exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) alters immune response in experimental animals and is associated with an increased risk of infant infections. iAs exposure is related to differences in the gut microbiota diversity, community structure, and the relative abundance of individual microbial taxa both in laboratory and human studies. Metabolomics permits a direct measure of molecular products of microbial and host metabolic processes. We conducted NMR metabolomics analysis on infant stool samples and quantified the relative concentrations of 34 known microbial-related metabolites. We examined these metabolites in relation to both in utero and infant log2 urinary total arsenic concentrations (utAs, the sum of iAs and iAs metabolites) collected at approximately 6 weeks of age using linear regression models, adjusted for infant sex, age at sample collection, type of delivery (vaginal vs. cesarean section), feeding mode (breast milk vs. any formula), and specific gravity. Increased fecal butyrate (b = 214.24), propionate (b = 518.33), cholate (b = 8.79), tryptophan (b= 14.23), asparagine (b = 28.80), isoleucine (b = 65.58), leucine (b = 95.91), malonate (b = 50.43), and uracil (b = 36.13), concentrations were associated with a doubling of infant utAs concentrations (p< 0.05). These associations were largely among infants who were formula fed. No clear associations were observed with maternal utAs and infant fecal metabolites. Metabolomic analyses of infant stool samples lend further evidence that the infant gut microbiota is sensitive to As exposure, and these effects may have functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Susan McRitchie
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anne G. Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Cindy Takigawa
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Brian Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Emily R. Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Juliette Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics & Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Mortensen NP, Moreno Caffaro M, Davis K, Aravamudhan S, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR. Investigation of eight cellulose nanomaterials' impact on Differentiated Caco-2 monolayer integrity and cytotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 166:113204. [PMID: 35679974 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential applications of cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) as food additives or in food packaging, present a possible source of human ingestion. While micron- and macro-scale cellulose products are classified as Generally Regarded As Safe, the safety of ingested nano-scale cellulose is largely unknown. Using fully differentiated Caco-2 cells, the perturbation of intestinal barrier function and cytotoxicity was investigated for four nanocellulose crystals (CNCs) and four nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs) following 24 h of exposure at 50 μg/mL. Scanning electron microscope showed some aggregation of both CNCs and CNFs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that carbon and oxygen were the main elements. The zeta-potential for CNMs formulated in cell culture medium showed a negative surface charge. Two CNMs increased cell membrane permeability and three CNMs decreased the cell metabolic activity. While three CNMs lead to cytotoxic responses, no changes in apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) for dextran or tight junction integrity were found. Our results show that three CNMs induce cytotoxicity in differentiated Caco-2 cells, demonstrating the need to understand the role of size and shape. The interaction between CNMs and the intestinal epithelium needs to be evaluated to understand potential intestinal barrier dysfunction and resulting health implications following CNM ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P Mortensen
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Maria Moreno Caffaro
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Klinton Davis
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Sharma J, Rushing BR, Hall MS, Helke KL, McRitchie SL, Krupenko NI, Sumner SJ, Krupenko SA. Sex-Specific Metabolic Effects of Dietary Folate Withdrawal in Wild-Type and Aldh1l1 Knockout Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050454. [PMID: 35629957 PMCID: PMC9143804 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ALDH1L1 (10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase), an enzyme of folate metabolism, is highly expressed in the liver. It regulates the overall flux of folate-bound one-carbon groups by converting 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO2 in a NADP+-dependent reaction. Our previous study revealed that Aldh1l1 knockout (KO) mice have an altered liver metabotype with metabolic symptoms of folate deficiency when fed a standard chow diet containing 2 ppm folic acid. Here we performed untargeted metabolomic analysis of liver and plasma of KO and wild-type (WT) male and female mice fed for 16 weeks either standard or folate-deficient diet. OPLS-DA, a supervised multivariate technique that was applied to 6595 and 10,678 features for the liver and plasma datasets, respectively, indicated that genotype and diet, alone or in combination, gave distinct metabolic profiles in both types of biospecimens. A more detailed analysis of affected metabolic pathways based on most confidently identified metabolites in the liver and plasma (OL1 and OL2a ontology level) indicated that the dietary folate restriction itself does not fully recapitulate the metabolic effect of the KO. Of note, dietary folate withdrawal enhanced the metabolic perturbations linked to the ALDH1L1 loss only for a subset of metabolites. Importantly, both the ALDH1L1 loss and dietary folate deficiency produced sex-specific metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Sharma
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (B.R.R.); (M.S.H.); (S.L.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Blake R. Rushing
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (B.R.R.); (M.S.H.); (S.L.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.J.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Madeline S. Hall
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (B.R.R.); (M.S.H.); (S.L.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.J.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristi L. Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Susan L. McRitchie
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (B.R.R.); (M.S.H.); (S.L.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Natalia I. Krupenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (B.R.R.); (M.S.H.); (S.L.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.J.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (B.R.R.); (M.S.H.); (S.L.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.J.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sergey A. Krupenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (B.R.R.); (M.S.H.); (S.L.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.J.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence:
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Wiggs A, Molina S, Sumner SJ, Rushing BR. A Review of Metabolic Targets of Anticancer Nutrients and Nutraceuticals in Pre-Clinical Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:1990. [PMID: 35631131 PMCID: PMC9146055 DOI: 10.3390/nu14101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is notoriously aggressive and has poorer outcomes as compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Due to a lack of targeted therapies, TNBC is often treated with chemotherapeutics as opposed to hormone therapy or other targeted therapies available to individuals with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers. Because of the lack of treatment options for TNBC, other therapeutic avenues are being explored. Metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of cancer, provides potential opportunities to target cancer cells more specifically, increasing efficacy and reducing side effects. Nutrients serve a significant role in metabolic processes involved in DNA transcription, protein folding, and function as co-factors in enzyme activity, and may provide novel strategies to target cancer cell metabolism in TNBC. This article reviews studies that have investigated how nutrients/nutraceuticals target metabolic processes in TNBC cells alone or in combination with existing drugs to exert anticancer effects. These agents have been shown to cause perturbations in many metabolic processes related to glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, as well as autophagy and oxidative stress-related metabolism. With this information, we present the potential of nutrients as metabolism-directed anticancer agents and the potential for using these agents alone or in cocktails as a new direction for TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alleigh Wiggs
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sabrina Molina
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 280821, USA
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 280821, USA
| | - Blake R. Rushing
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 280821, USA
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Doherty BT, McRitchie SL, Pathmasiri WW, Stewart DA, Kirchner D, Anderson KA, Gui J, Madan JC, Hoen AG, Sumner SJ, Karagas MR, Romano ME. Chemical exposures assessed via silicone wristbands and endogenous plasma metabolomics during pregnancy. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2022; 32:259-267. [PMID: 34702988 PMCID: PMC8930423 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics is a promising method to investigate physiological effects of chemical exposures during pregnancy, with the potential to clarify toxicological mechanisms, suggest sensitive endpoints, and identify novel biomarkers of exposures. OBJECTIVE Investigate the influence of chemical exposures on the maternal plasma metabolome during pregnancy. METHODS Data were obtained from participants (n = 177) in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort. Chemical exposures were assessed via silicone wristbands worn for one week at ~13 gestational weeks. Metabolomic features were assessed in plasma samples obtained at ~24-28 gestational weeks via the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ® p180 kit and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Associations between chemical exposures and plasma metabolomics were investigated using multivariate modeling. RESULTS Chemical exposures predicted 11 (of 226) and 23 (of 125) metabolomic features in Biocrates and NMR, respectively. The joint chemical exposures did not significantly predict pathway enrichment, though some individual chemicals were associated with certain amino acids and related metabolic pathways. For example, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide was associated with the amino acids glycine, L-glutamic acid, L-asparagine, and L-aspartic acid and enrichment of the ammonia recycling pathway. SIGNIFICANCE This study contributes evidence to the potential effects of chemical exposures during pregnancy upon the endogenous maternal plasma metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett T Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Susan L McRitchie
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wimal W Pathmasiri
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Delisha A Stewart
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Kirchner
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon Status University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Juliette C Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Anne G Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Megan E Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Loeser RF, Arbeeva L, Kelley K, Fodor AA, Sun S, Ulici V, Longobardi L, Cui Y, Stewart DA, Sumner SJ, Azcarate-Peril MA, Sartor RB, Carroll IM, Renner JB, Jordan JM, Nelson AE. Association of Increased Serum Lipopolysaccharide, But Not Microbial Dysbiosis, With Obesity-Related Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:227-236. [PMID: 34423918 PMCID: PMC8795472 DOI: 10.1002/art.41955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that an altered gut microbiota (dysbiosis) plays a role in obesity-associated osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Stool and blood samples were collected from 92 participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 , recruited from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. OA patients (n = 50) had hand and knee OA (Kellgren/Lawrence [K/L] grade ≥2 or arthroplasty). Controls (n = 42) had no hand OA and a K/L grade of 0-1 for the knees. Compositional analysis of stool samples was carried out by 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. Alpha- and beta-diversity and differences in taxa relative abundances were determined. Blood samples were used for multiplex cytokine analysis and measures of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein. Germ-free mice were gavaged with patient- or control-pooled fecal samples and fed a 40% fat, high-sucrose diet for 40 weeks. Knee OA was evaluated histologically. RESULTS On average, OA patients were slightly older than the controls, consisted of more women, and had a higher mean BMI, higher mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain score, and higher mean K/L grade. There were no significant differences in α- or β-diversity or genus level composition between patients and controls. Patients had higher plasma levels of osteopontin (P = 0.01) and serum LPS (P < 0.0001) compared to controls. Mice transplanted with patient or control microbiota exhibited a significant difference in α-diversity (P = 0.02) and β-diversity, but no differences in OA severity were observed. CONCLUSION The lack of differences in the gut microbiota, but increased serum LPS levels, suggest the possibility that increased intestinal permeability allowing for greater absorption of LPS, rather than a dysbiotic microbiota, may contribute to the development of OA associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F. Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Corresponding author: Richard F. Loeser, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, 3300 Thurston Building, Campus Box 7280, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA, Phone: 919-966-7042;
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kathryn Kelley
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anthony A. Fodor
- Dept. of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Shan Sun
- Dept. of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Veronica Ulici
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lara Longobardi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yang Cui
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Susan J. Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ian M. Carroll
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jordan B. Renner
- Department of Radiology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joanne M. Jordan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Amanda E. Nelson
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Mortensen NP, Pathmasiri W, Snyder RW, Caffaro MM, Watson SL, Patel PR, Beeravalli L, Prattipati S, Aravamudhan S, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR. Oral administration of TiO 2 nanoparticles during early life impacts cardiac and neurobehavioral performance and metabolite profile in an age- and sex-related manner. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:3. [PMID: 34986857 PMCID: PMC8728993 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly incorporated in everyday products. To investigate the effects of early life exposure to orally ingested TiO2 NP, male and female Sprague-Dawley rat pups received four consecutive daily doses of 10 mg/kg body weight TiO2 NP (diameter: 21 ± 5 nm) or vehicle control (water) by gavage at three different pre-weaning ages: postnatal day (PND) 2-5, PND 7-10, or PND 17-20. Cardiac assessment and basic neurobehavioral tests (locomotor activity, rotarod, and acoustic startle) were conducted on PND 20. Pups were sacrificed at PND 21. Select tissues were collected, weighed, processed for neurotransmitter and metabolomics analyses. RESULTS Heart rate was found to be significantly decreased in female pups when dosed between PND 7-10 and PND 17-20. Females dosed between PND 2-5 showed decrease acoustic startle response and when dosed between PND 7-10 showed decreased performance in the rotarod test and increased locomotor activity. Male pups dosed between PND 17-20 showed decreased locomotor activity. The concentrations of neurotransmitters and related metabolites in brain tissue and the metabolomic profile of plasma were impacted by TiO2 NP administration for all dose groups. Metabolomic pathways perturbed by TiO2 NP administration included pathways involved in amino acid and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION Oral administration of TiO2 NP to rat pups impacted basic cardiac and neurobehavioral performance, neurotransmitters and related metabolites concentrations in brain tissue, and the biochemical profiles of plasma. The findings suggested that female pups were more likely to experience adverse outcome following early life exposure to oral TiO2 NP than male pups. Collectively the data from this exploratory study suggest oral administration of TiO2 NP cause adverse biological effects in an age- and sex-related manner, emphasizing the need to understand the short- and long-term effects of early life exposure to TiO2 NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P Mortensen
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Rodney W Snyder
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Maria Moreno Caffaro
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Scott L Watson
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Purvi R Patel
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Lakshmi Beeravalli
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, 2907 East Gate City Blvd., Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Sharmista Prattipati
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, 2907 East Gate City Blvd., Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, 2907 East Gate City Blvd., Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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Mortensen NP, Snyder RW, Pathmasiri W, Moreno Caffaro M, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR. Intravenous administration of three multiwalled carbon nanotubes to female rats and their effect on urinary biochemical profile. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:409-422. [PMID: 34569639 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the influence of outer diameter (OD) and length (L) of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on biodistribution and the perturbation of endogenous metabolite profiles. Three different-sized carboxylated MWCNTs (NIEHS-12-2: L 0.5-2 μm, OD 10-20 nm, NIEHS-13-2: L 0.5-2 μm, OD 30-50 nm, and NIEHS-14-2: L 10-30 μm, OD 10-20 nm) in water were administered to female Sprague-Dawley rats as a single intravenous dose of 1 mg/kg MWCNTs. Biodistribution in liver, lung, spleen, and lymph nodes was evaluated in tissue sections at 1 and 7 days' post-dosing using enhanced darkfield microscopy and hyperspectral imaging. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis was used for biochemical profiling and pathway mapping of endogenous metabolites in urine collected at 24-h intervals prior to dosing, at Day 1 and Day 7. At Day 1 and Day 7, all three MWCNTs were observed in liver. NIEHS-12-2 was observed in spleen, whereas NIEHS-13-2 and NIEHS-14-2 were not. All three MWCNTs were observed in lymph nodes and lung at Day 7. The urinary biochemical profile showed the highest positive fold change (FC) at Day 7 for the metabolites acetate, alanine, and lactate, whereas 1-methylnicotinamide, 2-oxoglutarate, and hippurate had some of the lowest FCs for all three MWCNTs. This study demonstrates that the observed tissue location of MWCNTs is size dependent. Overlaps in the perturbation of endogenous metabolite profiles were found regardless of their size, and the biochemical responses were more profound at Day 7 compared with Day 1, indicating a delayed biological response to MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P Mortensen
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rodney W Snyder
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria Moreno Caffaro
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Nguyen QP, Karagas MR, Madan JC, Dade E, Palys TJ, Morrison HG, Pathmasiri WW, McRitche S, Sumner SJ, Frost HR, Hoen AG. Associations between the gut microbiome and metabolome in early life. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:238. [PMID: 34454437 PMCID: PMC8400760 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The infant intestinal microbiome plays an important role in metabolism and immune development with impacts on lifelong health. The linkage between the taxonomic composition of the microbiome and its metabolic phenotype is undefined and complicated by redundancies in the taxon-function relationship within microbial communities. To inform a more mechanistic understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and health, we performed an integrative statistical and machine learning-based analysis of microbe taxonomic structure and metabolic function in order to characterize the taxa-function relationship in early life. RESULTS Stool samples collected from infants enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS) at approximately 6-weeks (n = 158) and 12-months (n = 282) of age were profiled using targeted and untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as well as DNA sequencing of the V4-V5 hypervariable region from the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. There was significant inter-omic concordance based on Procrustes analysis (6 weeks: p = 0.056; 12 months: p = 0.001), however this association was no longer significant when accounting for phylogenetic relationships using generalized UniFrac distance metric (6 weeks: p = 0.376; 12 months: p = 0.069). Sparse canonical correlation analysis showed significant correlation, as well as identifying sets of microbe/metabolites driving microbiome-metabolome relatedness. Performance of machine learning models varied across different metabolites, with support vector machines (radial basis function kernel) being the consistently top ranked model. However, predictive R2 values demonstrated poor predictive performance across all models assessed (avg: - 5.06% -- 6 weeks; - 3.7% -- 12 months). Conversely, the Spearman correlation metric was higher (avg: 0.344-6 weeks; 0.265-12 months). This demonstrated that taxonomic relative abundance was not predictive of metabolite concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a degree of overall association between taxonomic profiles and metabolite concentrations. However, lack of predictive capacity for stool metabolic signatures reflects, in part, the possible role of functional redundancy in defining the taxa-function relationship in early life as well as the bidirectional nature of the microbiome-metabolome association. Our results provide evidence in favor of a multi-omic approach for microbiome studies, especially those focused on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang P. Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
- Children’s Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH USA
| | - Juliette C. Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
- Children’s Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Erika Dade
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Thomas J. Palys
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Hilary G. Morrison
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Wimal W. Pathmasiri
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Susan McRitche
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - H. Robert Frost
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Anne G. Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
- Children’s Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH USA
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Mortensen NP, Moreno Caffaro M, Patel PR, Snyder RW, Watson SL, Aravamudhan S, Montgomery SA, Lefever T, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR. Featured Cover. J Appl Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.4219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Freeman HL, Li YY, McRitchie SL, Pathmasiri WW, Sumner SJ, Mass BB, Nance BC, Voruganti S, Stewart DA. Abstract 2355: Identification of genetic and metabolic impairments to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms associated with drug metabolism can significantly impair chemotherapeutic efficacy. Some African American women have poor treatment response to taxane-based chemotherapy drugs, which are widely used to treat breast cancer (BCa). Our study sought to identify gene-metabolite interactions to determine how selected polymorphisms impact treatment-relevant metabolic pathways that may contribute to poor response. This approach will enable more precise treatment based on genetically-defined metabolic drug-response as well as the consideration of ethnicity which can also play a role in disparate cancer outcomes. We treated a panel of four BCa cell lines derived from tumors taken from African American or Caucasian women with paclitaxel, at LD50 ≈ 100 ng/mL, determined by MTT assay across all lines. Cell pellets were collected for three replicate experiments for treated versus untreated conditions and UPLC high resolution mass spectrometry untargeted metabolomics was performed to identify significantly perturbed metabolic pathways that differentiate response to paclitaxel treatment. We observed differentiation between the four cell lines based on the specific metabolites that separated treated versus control/line using supervised multivariate analysis. Further, three endogenous pathways (Benzoate degradation via CoA ligation, Electron transport chain and Nucleotide sugar metabolism) were significantly perturbed (p<0.05) only in the Caucasian-derived line (HCC1937) compared to the three African American-derived lines (HCC70, HCC1500 and HCC1806). Additional selective pathway perturbations in response to paclitaxel included Arachidonic acid metabolism, shown only in HCC1806 cells, as well as O-Glycan biosynthesis and Vitamin D3 metabolism, found only in HCC1500 cells. We further investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 28 candidate genes involved in paclitaxel or other chemo drug metabolism, in these cells plus four additional BCa cell lines (BT-474, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468). Preliminary findings for three SNPs rs2231142 (in ABCG2, ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2), rs1800440 (in CYP1B1, Cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1) and rs1695 (in GSTP1, Glutathione S-transferase pi 1) demonstrated genetic differences across the lines, based on either ethnicity of derivation (four African American-derived versus four Caucasian-derived), hormone receptor positivity (ER+/PR+/HER2+ versus ER+/PR+/HER2- versus ER-/PR-/HER2+) or triple-negative subtype (ER-/PR-/HER2-) classification. We are currently determining the targetable interactions between these SNPs and others with allelic differences, and metabolic responses to paclitaxel, which will enable us to test strategies for by-passing these impairments to improve treatment efficacy.
Citation Format: Herman L. Freeman, Yuan-yuan Li, Susan L. McRitchie, Wimal W. Pathmasiri, Susan J. Sumner, Baba B. Mass, Brea C. Nance, Saroja Voruganti, Delisha Antionette Stewart. Identification of genetic and metabolic impairments to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2355.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan-yuan Li
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC
| | | | | | | | - Baba B. Mass
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Brea C. Nance
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC
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12
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Redfern LK, Jayasundara N, Singleton DR, Di Giulio RT, Carlson J, Sumner SJ, Gunsch CK. The role of gut microbial community and metabolomic shifts in adaptive resistance of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Sci Total Environ 2021; 776:145955. [PMID: 33647645 PMCID: PMC8294123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Altered gut microbiomes may play a role in rapid evolution to anthropogenic change but remain poorly understood. Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) in the Elizabeth River, VA have evolved resistance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and provide a unique opportunity to examine the links between shifts in the commensal microbiome and organismal physiology associated with evolved resistance. Here, 16S rRNA sequence libraries derived from fish guts and sediments sampled from a highly PAH contaminated site revealed significant differences collected at similar samples from an uncontaminated site. Phylogenetic groups enriched in the libraries derived from PAH-resistant fish were dissimilar to their associated sediment libraries, suggesting the specific environment within the PAH-resistant fish intestine influence the gut microbiome composition. Gut metabolite analysis revealed shifts between PAH-resistant and non-resistant subpopulations. Notably, PAH-resistant fish exhibited reduced levels of tryptophan and increased levels of sphingolipids. Exposure to PAHs appears to impact several bacterial in the gut microbiome, particularly sphingolipid containing bacteria. Bacterial phylotypes known to include species containing sphingolipids were generally lower in the intestines of fish subpopulations exposed to high concentrations of PAHs, inferring a complex host-microbiome relationship. Overall, killifish microbial community shifts appear to be related to a suppression of overall metabolite level, indicating a potential role of the gut in organismal response to anthropogenic environmental change. These results on microbial and metabolomics shifts are potentially linked to altered bioenergetic phenotype observed in the same PAH-resistant killifish populations in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Redfern
- Pratt School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27713, United States of America; Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, United States of America
| | - Nishad Jayasundara
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27713, United States of America
| | - David R Singleton
- Pratt School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27713, United States of America
| | - Richard T Di Giulio
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27713, United States of America
| | - James Carlson
- Alternative BioMedical Solutions, Carrollton, TX 75006, United States of America
| | - Susan J Sumner
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Claudia K Gunsch
- Pratt School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27713, United States of America.
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13
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Mortensen NP, Moreno Caffaro M, Aravamudhan S, Beeravalli L, Prattipati S, Snyder RW, Watson SL, Patel PR, Weber FX, Montgomery SA, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR. Simulated Gastric Digestion and In Vivo Intestinal Uptake of Orally Administered CuO Nanoparticles and TiO 2 E171 in Male and Female Rat Pups. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1487. [PMID: 34199726 PMCID: PMC8230348 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) during early life is an understudied area. The goals of this study were to evaluate the effect of pre-weaned rat gastric fluids on 50 nm CuO NPs and TiO2 E171 in vitro, and to evaluate uptake in vivo. The NP uptake was studied in vivo in male and female Sprague-Dawley rat pups following oral administration of four consecutive daily doses of 10 mg/kg CuO NPs, TiO2 E171, or vehicle control (water) between postnatal day (PND) 7-10. Rat pups were sacrificed on either PND10 or PND21. Simulated digestion led to dissolution of CuO NPs at the later ages tested (PND14 and PND21, but not PND7). In vivo intestinal uptake of CuO NPs and TiO2 E171 was observed by hyperspectral imaging of intestinal cross sections. Brightfield microscopy showed that the number of immune cells increased in the intestinal tissue following NP administration. Orally administered NPs led to low intestinal uptake of NPs and an increase in immune cells in the small and large intestine, suggesting that oral exposure to NPs during early life may lead to irritation or a low-grade inflammation. The long-term impact of increased immune cells in the intestinal tract during early life is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P. Mortensen
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (M.M.C.); (R.W.S.); (S.L.W.); (P.R.P.); (F.X.W.); (T.R.F.)
| | - Maria Moreno Caffaro
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (M.M.C.); (R.W.S.); (S.L.W.); (P.R.P.); (F.X.W.); (T.R.F.)
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, 2907 East Gate City Blvd., Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (S.A.); (L.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Lakshmi Beeravalli
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, 2907 East Gate City Blvd., Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (S.A.); (L.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Sharmista Prattipati
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, 2907 East Gate City Blvd., Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (S.A.); (L.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Rodney W. Snyder
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (M.M.C.); (R.W.S.); (S.L.W.); (P.R.P.); (F.X.W.); (T.R.F.)
| | - Scott L. Watson
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (M.M.C.); (R.W.S.); (S.L.W.); (P.R.P.); (F.X.W.); (T.R.F.)
| | - Purvi R. Patel
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (M.M.C.); (R.W.S.); (S.L.W.); (P.R.P.); (F.X.W.); (T.R.F.)
| | - Frank X. Weber
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (M.M.C.); (R.W.S.); (S.L.W.); (P.R.P.); (F.X.W.); (T.R.F.)
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
| | - Timothy R. Fennell
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (M.M.C.); (R.W.S.); (S.L.W.); (P.R.P.); (F.X.W.); (T.R.F.)
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14
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Wiggs AG, Chandler JK, Aktas A, Sumner SJ, Stewart DA. The Effects of Diet and Exercise on Endogenous Estrogens and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:732255. [PMID: 34616366 PMCID: PMC8489575 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.732255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous estrogens have been associated with overall breast cancer risk, particularly for postmenopausal women, and ways to reduce these estrogens have served as a primary means to decrease overall risk. This narrative review of clinical studies details how various nutritional and exercise lifestyle interventions have been used to modify estrogen levels and metabolism to provide a protective impact against breast cancer incidence. We also summarized the evidence supporting the efficacy of interventions, outcomes of interest and identified emerging research themes. A systematic PubMed MEDLINE search identified scholarly articles or reviews published between 2000-2020 that contained either a cohort, cross-sectional, or interventional study design and focused on the relationships between diet and/or exercise and overall levels of different forms of estrogen and breast cancer risk and occurrence. Screening and data extraction was undertaken by two researchers. Data synthesis was narrative due to the heterogeneous nature of studies. A total of 1625 titles/abstracts were screened, 198 full texts reviewed; and 43 met eligibility criteria. Of the 43 studies, 28 were randomized controlled trials, and 15 were observational studies. Overall, studies that incorporated both diet and exercise interventions demonstrated better control of detrimental estrogen forms and levels and thus likely represent the best strategies for preventing breast cancer development for postmenopausal women. Some of the strongest associations included weight loss via diet and diet + exercise interventions, reducing alcohol consumption, and consuming a varied dietary pattern, similar to the Mediterranean diet. More research should be done on the effects of specific nutritional components on endogenous estrogen levels to understand the effect that the components have on their own and in combination within the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alleigh G Wiggs
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Justin K Chandler
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Aynur Aktas
- Department of Supportive Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Susan J Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Delisha A Stewart
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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15
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Mortensen NP, Moreno Caffaro M, Patel PR, Snyder RW, Watson SL, Aravamudhan S, Montgomery SA, Lefever T, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR. Biodistribution, cardiac and neurobehavioral assessments, and neurotransmitter quantification in juvenile rats following oral administration of aluminum oxide nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:1316-1329. [PMID: 33269475 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the uptake, biodistribution, and biological responses of nanoparticles (NPs) and their toxicity in developing animals. Here, male and female juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats received four consecutive daily doses of 10 mg/kg Al2 O3 NP (diameter: 24 nm [transmission electron microscope], hydrodynamic diameter: 148 nm) or vehicle control (water) by gavage between postnatal days (PNDs) 17-20. Basic neurobehavioral and cardiac assessments were performed on PND 20. Animals were sacrificed on PND 21, and selected tissues were collected, weighed, and processed for histopathology or neurotransmitter analysis. The biodistribution of Al2 O3 NP in tissue sections of the intestine, liver, spleen, kidney, and lymph nodes were evaluated using enhanced dark-field microscopy (EDM) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI). Liver-to-body weight ratio was significantly increased for male pups administered Al2 O3 NP compared with control. HSI suggested that Al2 O3 NP was more abundant in the duodenum and ileum tissue of the female pups compared with the male pups, whereas the abundance of NP was similar for males and females in the other tissues. The abundance of NP was higher in the liver compared with spleen, lymph nodes, and kidney. Homovanillic acid and norepinephrine concentrations in brain were significantly decreased following Al2 O3 NP administration in female and male pups, whereas 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was significantly increased in male pups. EDM/HSI indicates intestinal uptake of Al2 O3 NP following oral administration. Al2 O3 NP altered neurotransmitter/metabolite concentrations in juvenile rats' brain tissues. Together, these data suggest that orally administered Al2 O3 NP interferes with the brain biochemistry in both female and male pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P Mortensen
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria Moreno Caffaro
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Purvi R Patel
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rodney W Snyder
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott L Watson
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy Lefever
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Madduri SS, Rezeli ET, Santos CM, Freeman HL, McRitchie SL, Kirchner DR, Sumner SJ, Hursting SD, Stewart DA. Abstract LB-280: High carbohydrate and fat diet hastens tumor growth, increases pro-inflammatory signals and metabolic shifts in a mouse model of basal-like breast cancer. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-lb-280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Numerous studies have established obesity as an important risk factor for most cancers, but the mechanisms underlying the links between obesity and cancer are still being elucidated. It is known that obesity can cause destructive inflammation, which is a hallmark of cancer. This study was designed to determine the impact of different macronutrients on breast tumor growth and progression. Female C57/BL6 mice were fed a high carbohydrate plus high fat (HCHF) diet (Diet C) compared to a diet more balanced between simple carbohydrate, fat, protein and fiber (Diet D). Basal-like breast cancer tumor formation was induced using MMTV-Wnt-1 mouse mammary cells. Three weeks post-implantation (week 18), most mice were sacrificed to determine the role of diet and obesity on tumor formation and growth. Body weight, food consumption and tumor volume were measured weekly, then high-throughput approaches were used to identify macronutrient-driven, obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic markers. Compared to mice fed Diet D, the average total body weight of mice fed Diet C was 1.5 times greater after 15 weeks. Interestingly, averaged total liver weights for mice on Diet C was 4.9-fold larger (1.172 g) compared to liver weights for mice on Diet D (0.327 g). Diet C resulted in more rapid tumor growth, with tumor volumes of 126.349 m3 compared to 60.828 m3 (Diet D) at 18 weeks; and larger final tumor weights at 22 weeks (1.58 g versus 0.98 g). Protein arrays analyzed relative fold-changes in 80 pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors; and Biocrates p180 kit semi-to-quantitatively measured 188 metabolites. Diet C significantly increased 79/80 cytokines, compared to 24/80 in livers of mice fed Diet D after 15 weeks. Following tumor formation 30/80 cytokines were upregulated and 7/80 were significantly downregulated on Diet C, while Diet D downregulated 18/80 but only upregulated 15/80 markers. Metabolomics data demonstrated several specific increases in acylcarnitines, amino acids, sugars and two lipid classes in mice after only one week on Diet C, some of which decreased by 10 weeks. Other metabolic shifts were only evident on Diet C 4 weeks post-implantation. In addition to the strong pro-inflammatory profile after consuming the HCHF diet (C), the increase in liver weights for these mice suggests development of a severe fatty liver disorder; and though some cytokines diminished upon tumor establishment, more markers persisted to a greater degree compared to results on the healthier diet (D). The mechanistic shifts also reflect faster-growing, larger mammary tumors in mice fed higher carbohydrate and fat content. Our study establishes a good model to better define and potentially counter-act metabolic and inflammatory consequences of detrimental macronutrient consumption linked to obesity-sensitive breast and other cancers.
Citation Format: Supradeep S. Madduri, Erika T. Rezeli, Charlene M. Santos, Herman L. Freeman, Susan L. McRitchie, David R. Kirchner, Susan J. Sumner, Stephen D. Hursting, Delisha A. Stewart. High carbohydrate and fat diet hastens tumor growth, increases pro-inflammatory signals and metabolic shifts in a mouse model of basal-like breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-280.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika T. Rezeli
- 2University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | | | - Susan J. Sumner
- 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC
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Stewart DA, Pathmasiri WW, McRitchie SL, Buckley L, Naab TJ, DeWitty RL, Fripp VT, Beyene DA, Kassim OO, Kanaan YM, Sumner SJ, Copeland RL. Abstract A085: Common and unique breast and prostate cancer metabolic profiles in African Americans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-a085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) are two of the most commonly occurring invasive cancers in African American women and men, respectively. Although they arise in anatomically different organs with distinct physiological function, a unique feature of both cancers can be hormone-dependence and thus, remarkable underlying biological similarity has been observed between the two malignancies. For example, increased risk of male BCa after PCa incidence was reported previously, in a large population-based study. The purpose of this study was identification of biomarkers to improve early diagnosis in African Americans, leveraging metabolic commonalities and differences between these two cancers. Using untargeted 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics we identified several common and unique metabolites and biological pathways in plasma samples from BCa and PCa patients compared to plasma samples from women and men with no diagnosis or family history of either type of cancer (controls). Samples were provided from the Tissue, Plasma and Clinical Bank at the Howard University Cancer Center (HUCC). Multivariate analysis demonstrated greater differentiation in the metabolic profiles between control plasma samples for both men and women, with an increase in the level of some amino acids (e.g. alanine, N-acetyl-tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, histidine, tryptophan and tyrosine), but no differences between short chain fatty acids (2-hydroxyisovalerate, β-hydroxybutyrate). The analysis between BCa and PCa plasma profiles showed similar results. Comparison between control women versus BCa patients demonstrated decreases in all library-matched, significant metabolites except for increases in β-hydroxybutyrate and formate in patients. Analysis of control men and PCa patients showed increased levels of most amino acids but decreases in short chain fatty acids. Interestingly, pathway evaluation showed decreased glucose utilization in comparisons between both sets of control samples and cancer samples, individually, but no difference between controls versus cancer samples. Metabolically-relevant markers can serve as a viable means for earlier cancer detection, to have a major impact on cancer outcomes for African Americans, who suffer disparate burdens from these cancers, in-part because of delayed diagnoses and poor treatment efficacy associated with later-stage disease.
Citation Format: Delisha A. Stewart, Wimal W. Pathmasiri, Susan L. McRitchie, Lance Buckley, Tammey J. Naab, Robert L. DeWitty, Jr, Vikisha T. Fripp, Desta A. Beyene, Olakunle O. Kassim, Yasmine M. Kanaan, Susan J. Sumner, Robert L. Copeland, Jr. Common and unique breast and prostate cancer metabolic profiles in African Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A085.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lance Buckley
- 2Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan J. Sumner
- 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA,
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Agrawal S, Merchant ML, Kino J, Li M, Wilkey DW, Gaweda AE, Brier ME, Chanley MA, Gooding JR, Sumner SJ, Klein JB, Smoyer WE. Predicting and Defining Steroid Resistance in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome Using Plasma Proteomics. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:66-80. [PMID: 31922062 PMCID: PMC6943770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a characterized by massive proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and dyslipidemia. Glucocorticoids (GCs), the primary therapy for >60 years, are ineffective in approximately 50% of adults and approximately 20% of children. Unfortunately, there are no validated biomarkers able to predict steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) or to define the pathways regulating SRNS. METHODS We performed proteomic analyses on paired pediatric NS patient plasma samples obtained both at disease presentation before glucocorticoid initiation and after approximately 7 weeks of GC therapy to identify candidate biomarkers able to either predict steroid resistance before treatment or define critical molecular pathways/targets regulating steroid resistance. RESULTS Proteomic analyses of 15 paired NS patient samples identified 215 prevalent proteins, including 13 candidate biomarkers that predicted SRNS before GC treatment, and 66 candidate biomarkers that mechanistically differentiated steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS) from SRNS. Ingenuity Pathway Analyses and protein networking pathways approaches further identified proteins and pathways associated with SRNS. Validation using 37 NS patient samples (24 SSNS/13 SRNS) confirmed vitamin D binding protein (VDB) and APOL1 as strong predictive candidate biomarkers for SRNS, and VDB, hemopexin (HPX), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and APOL1 as strong candidate biomarkers to mechanistically distinguish SRNS from SSNS. Logistic regression analysis identified a candidate biomarker panel (VDB, ADIPOQ, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 [MMP-2]) with significant ability to predict SRNS at disease presentation (P = 0.003; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.78). CONCLUSION Plasma proteomic analyses and immunoblotting of serial samples in childhood NS identified a candidate biomarker panel able to predict SRNS at disease presentation, as well as candidate molecular targets/pathways associated with clinical steroid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Agrawal
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Jiro Kino
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Kidney Disease Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Daniel W. Wilkey
- Kidney Disease Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Adam E. Gaweda
- Kidney Disease Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michael E. Brier
- Kidney Disease Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Melinda A. Chanley
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica R. Gooding
- National Institutes of Health Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core at UNC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Discovery, Science and Technology, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- National Institutes of Health Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core at UNC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jon B. Klein
- Kidney Disease Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - William E. Smoyer
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Mazzella M, Sumner SJ, Gao S, Su L, Diao N, Mostofa G, Qamruzzaman Q, Pathmasiri W, Christiani DC, Fennell T, Gennings C. Quantitative methods for metabolomic analyses evaluated in the Children's Health Exposure Analysis Resource (CHEAR). J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2020; 30:16-27. [PMID: 31548623 PMCID: PMC8041023 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
With advances in technologies that facilitate metabolome-wide analyses, the incorporation of metabolomics in the pursuit of biomarkers of exposure and effect is rapidly evolving in population health studies. However, many analytic approaches are limited in their capacity to address high-dimensional metabolomics data within an epidemiologic framework, including the highly collinear nature of the metabolites and consideration of confounding variables. In this Children's Health Exposure Analysis Resource (CHEAR) network study, we showcase various analytic approaches that are established as well as novel in the field of metabolomics, including univariate single metabolite models, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest, weighted quantile sum (WQSRS) regression, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and latent class analysis (LCA). Here, in a Bangladeshi birth cohort (n = 199), we illustrate research questions that can be addressed by each analytic method in the assessment of associations between cord blood metabolites (1H NMR measurements) and birth anthropometric measurements (birth weight and head circumference).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mazzella
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Shangzhi Gao
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I Room 1401, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Li Su
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I Room 1401, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nancy Diao
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I Room 1401, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I Room 1401, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Fennell
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Gooding JR, Agrawal S, McRitchie S, Acuff Z, Merchant ML, Klein JB, Smoyer WE, Sumner SJ. Predicting and Defining Steroid Resistance in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome Using Plasma Metabolomics. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:81-93. [PMID: 31922063 PMCID: PMC6943762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kidney disease that affects both children and adults. Glucocorticoids have been the primary therapy for >60 years but are ineffective in approximately 20% of children and approximately 50% of adult patients. Unfortunately, patients with steroid-resistant NS (SRNS; vs. steroid-sensitive NS [SSNS]) are at high risk for both glucocorticoid-induced side effects and disease progression. METHODS We performed proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) metabolomic analyses on plasma samples (n = 86) from 45 patients with NS (30 SSNS and 15 SRNS) obtained at initial disease presentation before glucocorticoid initiation and after approximately 7 weeks of glucocorticoid therapy to identify candidate biomarkers able to either predict SRNS before treatment or define critical molecular pathways/targets regulating steroid resistance. RESULTS Stepwise logistic regression models identified creatinine concentration and glutamine concentration (odds ratio [OR]: 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-1.02) as 2 candidate biomarkers predictive of SRNS, and malonate concentration (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89-1.00) as a third candidate predictive biomarker using a similar model (only in children >3 years). In addition, paired-sample analyses identified several candidate biomarkers with the potential to identify mechanistic molecular pathways/targets that regulate clinical steroid resistance, including lipoproteins, adipate, pyruvate, creatine, glucose, tyrosine, valine, glutamine, and sn-glycero-3-phosphcholine. CONCLUSION Metabolomic analyses of serial plasma samples from children with SSNS and SRNS identified elevated creatinine and glutamine concentrations, and reduced malonate concentrations, as auspicious candidate biomarkers to predict SRNS at disease onset in pediatric NS, as well as additional candidate biomarkers with the potential to identify mechanistic molecular pathways that may regulate clinical steroid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Gooding
- National Institutes of Health Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core (ERCMRC) at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Discovery, Science and Technology, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan McRitchie
- National Institutes of Health Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core (ERCMRC) at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zach Acuff
- National Institutes of Health Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core (ERCMRC) at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Discovery, Science and Technology, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jon B. Klein
- Kidney Disease Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - William E. Smoyer
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- National Institutes of Health Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core (ERCMRC) at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Mortensen NP, Caffaro MM, Patel PR, Uddin MJ, Aravamudhan S, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR. Investigation of Twenty Metal, Metal Oxide, and Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles' Impact on Differentiated Caco-2 Monolayer Integrity. NanoImpact 2020; 17:100212. [PMID: 32864507 PMCID: PMC7451203 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in foods and consumer products is rising, increasing the potential for unintentional ingestion. While the cytotoxicity of many ENMs has been investigated, less attention has been given to adverse impact on the intestinal barrier integrity. Chronical disruption of gastrointestinal integrity can have far reaching health implications. Using fully differentiated Caco-2 cells, the perturbation of intestinal barrier function and cytotoxicity were investigated for 20 metal, metal oxide, and metal sulfide ENMs. Caco-2 cells were exposed to 50 μg/mL ENMs for 24 hours. ENM formulations were characterized at 0 and 24 hours, and In Vitro Sedimentation, Diffusion and Dosimetry Modeling was applied to calculate the effective dose of exposure during 24 hours. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) was determined for fluorescent labeled dextran (3,000 Da) and tight junction integrity was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cytotoxicity was investigated by determining lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH) and cell metabolic activity (tetrazolium based MTS) assays. Four ENMs led to significantly increased Papp, (15.8% w/w% Ag-SiO2 nanoparticle (NP), 60 nm CdS NP, 100 nm V2O5 flakes, and 50 nm ZnO NP), while one ENM (20 nm MgO NP) decreased Papp. With the exception of CdS NP, significantly increased Papp was not connected with cell cytotoxicity. The calculated effective dose concentration was not correlated with increased Papp. Our results illustrate that while many metal, metal oxide, and metal sulfide ENMs do not adversely affect monolayer integrity or induce cytotoxicity in differentiated Caco-2 cells, a subset of ENMs may compromise the intestinal integrity. This study demonstrated the use of differentiated Caco-2 monolayer and Papp as an endpoint to identify and prioritize ENMs that should be investigated further. The interaction between ENMs and the intestinal epithelium needs to be evaluated to understand potential intestinal barrier dysfunction and resulting health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P. Mortensen
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- Corresponding author: Ninell P. Mortensen, Ph. D., Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA,
| | - Maria Moreno Caffaro
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Purvi R. Patel
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Timothy R. Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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22
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Li YY, Stewart DA, Ye XM, Yin LH, Pathmasiri WW, McRitchie SL, Fennell TR, Cheung HY, Sumner SJ. A Metabolomics Approach to Investigate Kukoamine B-A Potent Natural Product With Anti-diabetic Properties. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1575. [PMID: 30723413 PMCID: PMC6350459 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the surge in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), treatments for chronic metabolic dysregulations with fewer side-effects are sought. Lycii Cortex (LyC), a traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herb has a long history of being widely prescribed to treat T2DM as alternative medicine; however, the bioactive molecules and working mechanism remained unknown. Previous studies revealed kukoamine B (KB) as a major and featured compound for LyC with bioactivities for anti-oxidation and acute inflammation, which may be related to anti-diabetes properties. This study aims to understand the efficacy and the mode of action of KB in the diabetic (db/db) mouse model using a metabolomics approach. Parallel comparison was conducted using the first-line anti-diabetic drugs, metformin and rosligtazone, as positive controls. The db/db mice were treated with KB (50 mg kg-1 day-1) for 9 weeks. Bodyweight and fasting blood glucose were monitored every 5 and 7 days, respectively. Metabolomics and high-throughput molecular approaches, including lipidomics, targeted metabolomics (Biocrates p180), and cytokine profiling were applied to measure the alteration of serum metabolites and inflammatory biomarkers between different treatments vs. control (db/db mice treated with vehicle). After 9 weeks of treatment, KB lowered blood glucose, without the adverse effects of bodyweight gain and hepatomegaly shown after rosiglitazone treatment. Lipidomics analysis revealed that KB reduced levels of circulating triglycerides, cholesterol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and increased levels of phosphatidylcholines. KB also increased acylcarnitines, and reduced systemic inflammation (cytokine array). Pathway analysis suggested that KB may regulate nuclear transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB and/or PPAR) to reduce inflammation and facilitate a shift toward metabolic and inflammatory homeostasis. Comparison of KB with first-line drugs suggests that rosiglitazone may over-regulate lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory responses, which may be associated with adverse side effects, while metformin had less impact on lipid and anti-inflammation profiles. Our research from holistic and systemic views supports the conclusion that KB is the bioactive compound of LyC for managing T2DM, and suggests KB as a nutraceutical or a pharmaceutical candidate for T2D treatment. In addition, our research provides insights related to metformin and rosiglitazone action, beyond lowering blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Delisha A Stewart
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Xiao-Min Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Hua Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Wimal W Pathmasiri
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Susan L McRitchie
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutics, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hon-Yeung Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Susan J Sumner
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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Chou H, Pathmasiri W, Deese-spruill J, Sumner SJ, Jima DD, Funk DH, Jackson JK, Sweeney BW, Buchwalter DB. The Good, the Bad, and the Lethal: Gene Expression and Metabolomics Reveal Physiological Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Thermal Effects in Mayfly Larvae (Neocloeon triangulifer). Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Vidanapathirana AK, Thompson LC, Herco M, Odom J, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR, Brown JM, Wingard CJ. Acute intravenous exposure to silver nanoparticles during pregnancy induces particle size and vehicle dependent changes in vascular tissue contractility in Sprague Dawley rats. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 75:10-22. [PMID: 29154916 PMCID: PMC6241519 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) raises safety concerns during susceptible life stages such as pregnancy. We hypothesized that acute intravenous exposure to AgNP during late stages of pregnancy will increase vascular tissue contractility, potentially contributing to alterations in fetal growth. Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a single dose of PVP or Citrate stabilized 20 or 110nm AgNP (700μg/kg). Differential vascular responses and EC50 values were observed in myographic studies in uterine, mesenteric arteries and thoracic aortic segments, 24h post-exposure. Reciprocal responses were observed in aortic and uterine vessels following PVP stabilized AgNP with an increased force of contraction in uterine artery and increased relaxation responses in aorta. Citrate stabilized AgNP exposure increased contractile force in both uterine and aortic vessels. Intravenous AgNP exposure during pregnancy displayed particle size and vehicle dependent moderate changes in vascular tissue contractility, potentially influencing fetal blood supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Vidanapathirana
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - L C Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - M Herco
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - J Odom
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - S J Sumner
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA; Department of Nutrition School of Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - T R Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - J M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, CO, 80045, USA
| | - C J Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY, 40205, USA.
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Myers OD, Sumner SJ, Li S, Barnes S, Du X. One Step Forward for Reducing False Positive and False Negative Compound Identifications from Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics Data: New Algorithms for Constructing Extracted Ion Chromatograms and Detecting Chromatographic Peaks. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8696-8703. [PMID: 28752754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
False positive and false negative peaks detected from extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) are an urgent problem with existing software packages that preprocess untargeted liquid or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics data because they can translate downstream into spurious or missing compound identifications. We have developed new algorithms that carry out the sequential construction of EICs and detection of EIC peaks. We compare the new algorithms to two popular software packages XCMS and MZmine 2 and present evidence that these new algorithms detect significantly fewer false positives. Regarding the detection of compounds known to be present in the data, the new algorithms perform at least as well as XCMS and MZmine 2. Furthermore, we present evidence that mass tolerance in m/z should be favored rather than mass tolerance in ppm in the process of constructing EICs. The mass tolerance parameter plays a critical role in the EIC construction process and can have immense impact on the detection of EIC peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen D Myers
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Susan J Sumner
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Shuzhao Li
- Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Stephen Barnes
- University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Xiuxia Du
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
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Myers OD, Sumner SJ, Li S, Barnes S, Du X. Detailed Investigation and Comparison of the XCMS and MZmine 2 Chromatogram Construction and Chromatographic Peak Detection Methods for Preprocessing Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics Data. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8689-8695. [PMID: 28752757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
XCMS and MZmine 2 are two widely used software packages for preprocessing untargeted LC/MS metabolomics data. Both construct extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) and detect peaks from the EICs, the first two steps in the data preprocessing workflow. While both packages have performed admirably in peak picking, they also detect a problematic number of false positive EIC peaks and can also fail to detect real EIC peaks. The former and latter translate downstream into spurious and missing compounds and present significant limitations with most existing software packages that preprocess untargeted mass spectrometry metabolomics data. We seek to understand the specific reasons why XCMS and MZmine 2 find the false positive EIC peaks that they do and in what ways they fail to detect real compounds. We investigate differences of EIC construction methods in XCMS and MZmine 2 and find several problems in the XCMS centWave peak detection algorithm which we show are partly responsible for the false positive and false negative compound identifications. In addition, we find a problem with MZmine 2's use of centWave. We hope that a detailed understanding of the XCMS and MZmine 2 algorithms will allow users to work with them more effectively and will also help with future algorithmic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen D Myers
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Susan J Sumner
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Shuzhao Li
- Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Stephen Barnes
- University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Xiuxia Du
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
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Audet GN, Dineen SM, Stewart DA, Plamper ML, Pathmasiri WW, McRitchie SL, Sumner SJ, Leon LR. Pretreatment with indomethacin results in increased heat stroke severity during recovery in a rodent model of heat stroke. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:544-557. [PMID: 28596269 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00242.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that medications can increase heat stroke (HS) susceptibility/severity. We investigated whether the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indomethacin (INDO) increases HS severity in a rodent model. Core temperature (Tc) of male, C57BL/6J mice (n = 45) was monitored continuously, and mice were given a dose of INDO [low dose (LO) 1 mg/kg or high dose (HI) 5 mg/kg in flavored treat] or vehicle (flavored treat) before heating. HS animals were heated to 42.4°C and euthanized at three time points for histological, molecular, and metabolic analysis: onset of HS [maximal core temperature (Tc,Max)], 3 h of recovery [minimal core temperature or hypothermia depth (HYPO)], and 24 h of recovery (24 h). Nonheated (control) animals underwent identical treatment in the absence of heat. INDO (LO or HI) had no effect on physiological indicators of performance (e.g., time to Tc,Max, thermal area, or cooling time) during heating or recovery. HI INDO resulted in 45% mortality rate by 24 h (HI INDO + HS group). The gut showed dramatic increases in gross morphological hemorrhage in HI INDO + HS in both survivors and nonsurvivors. HI INDO + HS survivors had significantly lower red blood cell counts and hematocrit suggesting significant hemorrhage. In the liver, HS induced cell death at HYPO and increased inflammation at Tc,Max, HYPO, and 24 h; however, there was additional effect with INDO + HS group. Furthermore, the metabolic profile of the liver was disturbed by heat, but there was no additive effect of INDO + HS. This suggests that there is an increase in morbidity risk with INDO + HS, likely resulting from significant gut injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper suggests that in a translational mouse model, NSAIDs may be counterindicated in situations that put an individual at risk of heat injury. We show here that a small, single dose of the NSAID indomethacin before heat stroke has a dramatic and highly damaging effect on the gut, which ultimately leads to increased systemic morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald N Audet
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts;
| | - Shauna M Dineen
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Delisha A Stewart
- National Institutes of Health Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - Mark L Plamper
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Wimal W Pathmasiri
- National Institutes of Health Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - Susan L McRitchie
- National Institutes of Health Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - Susan J Sumner
- National Institutes of Health Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Lisa R Leon
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
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Laine JE, Bailey KA, Olshan AF, Smeester L, Drobná Z, Stýblo M, Douillet C, García-Vargas G, Rubio-Andrade M, Pathmasiri W, McRitchie S, Sumner SJ, Fry RC. Neonatal Metabolomic Profiles Related to Prenatal Arsenic Exposure. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:625-633. [PMID: 27997141 PMCID: PMC5460981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure is associated with health effects evident at birth and later in life. An understanding of the relationship between prenatal iAs exposure and alterations in the neonatal metabolome could reveal critical molecular modifications, potentially underpinning disease etiologies. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomic analysis was used to identify metabolites in neonate cord serum associated with prenatal iAs exposure in participants from the Biomarkers of Exposure to ARsenic (BEAR) pregnancy cohort, in Gómez Palacio, Mexico. Through multivariable linear regression, ten cord serum metabolites were identified as significantly associated with total urinary iAs and/or iAs metabolites, measured as %iAs, %monomethylated arsenicals (MMAs), and %dimethylated arsenicals (DMAs). A total of 17 metabolites were identified as significantly associated with total iAs and/or iAs metabolites in cord serum. These metabolites are indicative of changes in important biochemical pathways such as vitamin metabolism, the citric acid (TCA) cycle, and amino acid metabolism. These data highlight that maternal biotransformation of iAs and neonatal levels of iAs and its metabolites are associated with differences in neonate cord metabolomic profiles. The results demonstrate the potential utility of metabolites as biomarkers/indicators of in utero environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Laine
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Bailey
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zuzana Drobná
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Miroslav Stýblo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christelle Douillet
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gonzalo García-Vargas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango 35050, Mexico
| | - Marisela Rubio-Andrade
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango 35050, Mexico
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Susan McRitchie
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Grego S, Dougherty ER, Alexander FJ, Auerbach SS, Berridge BR, Bittner ML, Casey W, Cooley PC, Dash A, Ferguson SS, Fennell TR, Hawkins BT, Hickey AJ, Kleensang A, Liebman MNJ, Martin F, Maull EA, Paragas J, Qiao GG, Ramaiahgari S, Sumner SJ, Yoon M. Systems biology for organotypic cell cultures. ALTEX 2016; 34:301-310. [PMID: 27846345 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1608221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Translating in vitro biological data into actionable information related to human health holds the potential to improve disease treatment and risk assessment of chemical exposures. While genomics has identified regulatory pathways at the cellular level, translation to the organism level requires a multiscale approach accounting for intra-cellular regulation, inter-cellular interaction, and tissue/organ-level effects. Tissue-level effects can now be probed in vitro thanks to recently developed systems of three-dimensional (3D), multicellular, "organotypic" cell cultures, which mimic functional responses of living tissue. However, there remains a knowledge gap regarding interactions across different biological scales, complicating accurate prediction of health outcomes from molecular/genomic data and tissue responses. Systems biology aims at mathematical modeling of complex, non-linear biological systems. We propose to apply a systems biology approach to achieve a computational representation of tissue-level physiological responses by integrating empirical data derived from organotypic culture systems with computational models of intracellular pathways to better predict human responses. Successful implementation of this integrated approach will provide a powerful tool for faster, more accurate and cost-effective screening of potential toxicants and therapeutics. On September 11, 2015, an interdisciplinary group of scientists, engineers, and clinicians gathered for a workshop in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, to discuss this ambitious goal. Participants represented laboratory-based and computational modeling approaches to pharmacology and toxicology, as well as the pharmaceutical industry, government, non-profits, and academia. Discussions focused on identifying critical system perturbations to model, the computational tools required, and the experimental approaches best suited to generating key data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Grego
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Scott S Auerbach
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Warren Casey
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Ajit Dash
- HemoShear Therapeutics, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephen S Ferguson
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andre Kleensang
- Johns Hopkins University, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Florian Martin
- Phillip Morris International R&D, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth A Maull
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jason Paragas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Miyoung Yoon
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Beger RD, Dunn W, Schmidt MA, Gross SS, Kirwan JA, Cascante M, Brennan L, Wishart DS, Oresic M, Hankemeier T, Broadhurst DI, Lane AN, Suhre K, Kastenmüller G, Sumner SJ, Thiele I, Fiehn O, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Metabolomics enables precision medicine: "A White Paper, Community Perspective". Metabolomics 2016; 12:149. [PMID: 27642271 PMCID: PMC5009152 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO METABOLOMICS Metabolomics is the comprehensive study of the metabolome, the repertoire of biochemicals (or small molecules) present in cells, tissues, and body fluids. The study of metabolism at the global or "-omics" level is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to have a profound impact upon medical practice. At the center of metabolomics, is the concept that a person's metabolic state provides a close representation of that individual's overall health status. This metabolic state reflects what has been encoded by the genome, and modified by diet, environmental factors, and the gut microbiome. The metabolic profile provides a quantifiable readout of biochemical state from normal physiology to diverse pathophysiologies in a manner that is often not obvious from gene expression analyses. Today, clinicians capture only a very small part of the information contained in the metabolome, as they routinely measure only a narrow set of blood chemistry analytes to assess health and disease states. Examples include measuring glucose to monitor diabetes, measuring cholesterol and high density lipoprotein/low density lipoprotein ratio to assess cardiovascular health, BUN and creatinine for renal disorders, and measuring a panel of metabolites to diagnose potential inborn errors of metabolism in neonates. OBJECTIVES OF WHITE PAPER—EXPECTED TREATMENT OUTCOMES AND METABOLOMICS ENABLING TOOL FOR PRECISION MEDICINE We anticipate that the narrow range of chemical analyses in current use by the medical community today will be replaced in the future by analyses that reveal a far more comprehensive metabolic signature. This signature is expected to describe global biochemical aberrations that reflect patterns of variance in states of wellness, more accurately describe specific diseases and their progression, and greatly aid in differential diagnosis. Such future metabolic signatures will: (1) provide predictive, prognostic, diagnostic, and surrogate markers of diverse disease states; (2) inform on underlying molecular mechanisms of diseases; (3) allow for sub-classification of diseases, and stratification of patients based on metabolic pathways impacted; (4) reveal biomarkers for drug response phenotypes, providing an effective means to predict variation in a subject's response to treatment (pharmacometabolomics); (5) define a metabotype for each specific genotype, offering a functional read-out for genetic variants: (6) provide a means to monitor response and recurrence of diseases, such as cancers: (7) describe the molecular landscape in human performance applications and extreme environments. Importantly, sophisticated metabolomic analytical platforms and informatics tools have recently been developed that make it possible to measure thousands of metabolites in blood, other body fluids, and tissues. Such tools also enable more robust analysis of response to treatment. New insights have been gained about mechanisms of diseases, including neuropsychiatric disorders, cardiovascular disease, cancers, diabetes and a range of pathologies. A series of ground breaking studies supported by National Institute of Health (NIH) through the Pharmacometabolomics Research Network and its partnership with the Pharmacogenomics Research Network illustrate how a patient's metabotype at baseline, prior to treatment, during treatment, and post-treatment, can inform about treatment outcomes and variations in responsiveness to drugs (e.g., statins, antidepressants, antihypertensives and antiplatelet therapies). These studies along with several others also exemplify how metabolomics data can complement and inform genetic data in defining ethnic, sex, and gender basis for variation in responses to treatment, which illustrates how pharmacometabolomics and pharmacogenomics are complementary and powerful tools for precision medicine. CONCLUSIONS KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRECISION MEDICINE Our metabolomics community believes that inclusion of metabolomics data in precision medicine initiatives is timely and will provide an extremely valuable layer of data that compliments and informs other data obtained by these important initiatives. Our Metabolomics Society, through its "Precision Medicine and Pharmacometabolomics Task Group", with input from our metabolomics community at large, has developed this White Paper where we discuss the value and approaches for including metabolomics data in large precision medicine initiatives. This White Paper offers recommendations for the selection of state of-the-art metabolomics platforms and approaches that offer the widest biochemical coverage, considers critical sample collection and preservation, as well as standardization of measurements, among other important topics. We anticipate that our metabolomics community will have representation in large precision medicine initiatives to provide input with regard to sample acquisition/preservation, selection of optimal omics technologies, and key issues regarding data collection, interpretation, and dissemination. We strongly recommend the collection and biobanking of samples for precision medicine initiatives that will take into consideration needs for large-scale metabolic phenotyping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
| | - Warwick Dunn
- School of Biosciences, Phenome Centre Birmingham and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Michael A. Schmidt
- Advanced Pattern Analysis and Countermeasures Group, Research Innovation Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA
| | - Steven S. Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Jennifer A. Kirwan
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - David S. Wishart
- Departments of Computing Science and Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Matej Oresic
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences and Cluster Systems Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University & Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew N. Lane
- Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry, Department Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ines Thiele
- University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Campus Belval, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA USA
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Internal Medicine and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences and Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3903, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - for “Precision Medicine and Pharmacometabolomics Task Group”-Metabolomics Society Initiative
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
- School of Biosciences, Phenome Centre Birmingham and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Advanced Pattern Analysis and Countermeasures Group, Research Innovation Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021 USA
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin Ireland
- Departments of Computing Science and Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Analytical Biosciences and Cluster Systems Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University & Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry, Department Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC USA
- University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Campus Belval, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA USA
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Internal Medicine and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences and Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3903, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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Stewart DA, Winnike JH, McRitchie SL, Clark RF, Pathmasiri WW, Sumner SJ. Metabolomics Analysis of Hormone-Responsive and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Responses to Paclitaxel Identify Key Metabolic Differences. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:3225-40. [PMID: 27447733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To date, no targeted therapies are available to treat triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), while other breast cancer subtypes are responsive to current therapeutic treatment. Metabolomics was conducted to reveal differences in two hormone receptor-negative TNBC cell lines and two hormone receptor-positive Luminal A cell lines. Studies were conducted in the presence and absence of paclitaxel (Taxol). TNBC cell lines had higher levels of amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, nucleotides, and nucleotide sugars and lower levels of proliferation-related metabolites like choline compared with Luminal A cell lines. In the presence of paclitaxel, each cell line showed unique metabolic responses, with some similarities by type. For example, in the Luminal A cell lines, levels of lactate and creatine decreased while certain choline metabolites and myo-inositol increased with paclitaxel. In the TNBC cell lines levels of glutamine, glutamate, and glutathione increased, whereas lysine, proline, and valine decreased in the presence of drug. Profiling secreted inflammatory cytokines in the conditioned media demonstrated a greater response to paclitaxel in the hormone-positive Luminal cells compared with a secretion profile that suggested greater drug resistance in the TNBC cells. The most significant differences distinguishing the cell types based on pathway enrichment analyses were related to amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways, whereas several biological pathways were differentiated between the cell lines following treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delisha A Stewart
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, RTI International , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Jason H Winnike
- David H. Murdock Research Institute , Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Susan L McRitchie
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, RTI International , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Robert F Clark
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, RTI International , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Wimal W Pathmasiri
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, RTI International , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Susan J Sumner
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, RTI International , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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Gelaye B, Sumner SJ, McRitchie S, Carlson JE, Ananth CV, Enquobahrie DA, Qiu C, Sorensen TK, Williams MA. Maternal Early Pregnancy Serum Metabolomics Profile and Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding as Predictors of Placental Abruption: A Prospective Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156755. [PMID: 27300725 PMCID: PMC4907440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Objective Placental abruption, an ischemic placental disorder, complicates about 1 in 100 pregnancies, and is an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolomics holds promise for improving the phenotyping, prediction and understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms of complex clinical disorders including abruption. We sought to evaluate maternal early pregnancy pre-diagnostic serum metabolic profiles and abnormal vaginal bleeding as predictors of abruption later in pregnancy. Methods Maternal serum was collected in early pregnancy (mean 16 weeks, range 15 to 22 weeks) from 51 abruption cases and 51 controls. Quantitative targeted metabolic profiles of serum were acquired using electrospray ionization liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (ESI-LC-MS/MS) and the Absolute IDQ® p180 kit. Maternal sociodemographic characteristics and reproductive history were abstracted from medical records. Stepwise logistic regression models were developed to evaluate the extent to which metabolites aid in the prediction of abruption. We evaluated the predictive performance of the set of selected metabolites using a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC). Results Early pregnancy vaginal bleeding, dodecanoylcarnitine/dodecenoylcarnitine (C12 / C12:1), and phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C 38:1 (PC ae C38:1) strongly predict abruption risk. The AUC for these metabolites alone was 0.68, for early pregnancy vaginal bleeding alone was 0.65, and combined the AUC improved to 0.75 with the addition of quantitative metabolite data (P = 0.003). Conclusion Metabolomic profiles of early pregnancy maternal serum samples in addition to the clinical symptom, vaginal bleeding, may serve as important markers for the prediction of abruption. Larger studies are necessary to corroborate and validate these findings in other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Susan McRitchie
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - James E. Carlson
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Cande V. Ananth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Chunfang Qiu
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Tanya K. Sorensen
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Mortensen NP, Mercier KA, McRitchie S, Cavallo TB, Pathmasiri W, Stewart D, Sumner SJ. Microfluidics meets metabolomics to reveal the impact of Campylobacter jejuni infection on biochemical pathways. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:51. [PMID: 27231016 PMCID: PMC4939818 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices that are currently being used in pharmaceutical research also have a significant potential for utilization in investigating exposure to infectious agents. We have established a microfluidic device cultured with Caco-2 cells, and utilized metabolomics to investigate the biochemical responses to the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. In the microfluidic devices, Caco-2 cells polarize at day 5, are uniform, have defined brush borders and tight junctions, and form a mucus layer. Metabolomics analysis of cell culture media collected from both Caco-2 cell culture systems demonstrated a more metabolic homogenous biochemical profile in the media collected from microfluidic devices, compared with media collected from transwells. GeneGo pathway mapping indicated that aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis was perturbed by fluid flow, suggesting that fluid dynamics and shear stress impacts the cells translational quality control. Both microfluidic device and transwell culturing systems were used to investigate the impact of Campylobacter jejuni infection on biochemical processes. Caco-2 cells cultured in either system were infected at day 5 with C. jejuni 81-176 for 48 h. Metabolomics analysis clearly differentiated C. jejuni 81-176 infected and non-infected medias collected from the microfluidic devices, and demonstrated that C. jejuni 81-176 infection in microfluidic devices impacts branched-chain amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis. In contrast, no distinction was seen in the biochemical profiles of infected versus non-infected media collected from cells cultured in transwells. Microfluidic culturing conditions demonstrated a more metabolically homogenous cell population, and present the opportunity for studying host-pathogen interactions for extended periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P Mortensen
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Kelly A Mercier
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Susan McRitchie
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Tammy B Cavallo
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Delisha Stewart
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA.
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34
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Wang H, Liang S, Wang M, Gao J, Sun C, Wang J, Xia W, Wu S, Sumner SJ, Zhang F, Sun C, Wu L. Potential serum biomarkers from a metabolomics study of autism. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016; 41:27-37. [PMID: 26395811 PMCID: PMC4688025 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection and diagnosis are very important for autism. Current diagnosis of autism relies mainly on some observational questionnaires and interview tools that may involve a great variability. We performed a metabolomics analysis of serum to identify potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and clinical evaluation of autism. METHODS We analyzed a discovery cohort of patients with autism and participants without autism in the Chinese Han population using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS) to detect metabolic changes in serum associated with autism. The potential metabolite candidates for biomarkers were individually validated in an additional independent cohort of cases and controls. We built a multiple logistic regression model to evaluate the validated biomarkers. RESULTS We included 73 patients and 63 controls in the discovery cohort and 100 cases and 100 controls in the validation cohort. Metabolomic analysis of serum in the discovery stage identified 17 metabolites, 11 of which were validated in an independent cohort. A multiple logistic regression model built on the 11 validated metabolites fit well in both cohorts. The model consistently showed that autism was associated with 2 particular metabolites: sphingosine 1-phosphate and docosahexaenoic acid. LIMITATIONS While autism is diagnosed predominantly in boys, we were unable to perform the analysis by sex owing to difficulty recruiting enough female patients. Other limitations include the need to perform test-retest assessment within the same individual and the relatively small sample size. CONCLUSION Two metabolites have potential as biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Liang, Gao, Sun, Wang, Xia, Wu); the Center for Endemic Disease Control, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang); the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Sun); the Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (Gao); the Advanced Analytic Division, SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA (Wu); Systems and Translational Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA (Sumner); and Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Zhang)
| | - Shuang Liang
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Liang, Gao, Sun, Wang, Xia, Wu); the Center for Endemic Disease Control, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang); the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Sun); the Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (Gao); the Advanced Analytic Division, SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA (Wu); Systems and Translational Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA (Sumner); and Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Zhang)
| | - Maoqing Wang
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Liang, Gao, Sun, Wang, Xia, Wu); the Center for Endemic Disease Control, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang); the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Sun); the Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (Gao); the Advanced Analytic Division, SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA (Wu); Systems and Translational Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA (Sumner); and Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Zhang)
| | - Jingquan Gao
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Liang, Gao, Sun, Wang, Xia, Wu); the Center for Endemic Disease Control, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang); the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Sun); the Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (Gao); the Advanced Analytic Division, SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA (Wu); Systems and Translational Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA (Sumner); and Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Zhang)
| | - Caihong Sun
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Liang, Gao, Sun, Wang, Xia, Wu); the Center for Endemic Disease Control, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang); the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Sun); the Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (Gao); the Advanced Analytic Division, SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA (Wu); Systems and Translational Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA (Sumner); and Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Zhang)
| | - Jia Wang
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Liang, Gao, Sun, Wang, Xia, Wu); the Center for Endemic Disease Control, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang); the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Sun); the Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (Gao); the Advanced Analytic Division, SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA (Wu); Systems and Translational Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA (Sumner); and Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Zhang)
| | - Wei Xia
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Liang, Gao, Sun, Wang, Xia, Wu); the Center for Endemic Disease Control, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang); the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Sun); the Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (Gao); the Advanced Analytic Division, SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA (Wu); Systems and Translational Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA (Sumner); and Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Zhang)
| | - Shiying Wu
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Liang, Gao, Sun, Wang, Xia, Wu); the Center for Endemic Disease Control, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang); the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Sun); the Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (Gao); the Advanced Analytic Division, SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA (Wu); Systems and Translational Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA (Sumner); and Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Zhang)
| | - Susan J Sumner
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Liang, Gao, Sun, Wang, Xia, Wu); the Center for Endemic Disease Control, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang); the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Sun); the Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (Gao); the Advanced Analytic Division, SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA (Wu); Systems and Translational Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA (Sumner); and Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Zhang)
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Liang, Gao, Sun, Wang, Xia, Wu); the Center for Endemic Disease Control, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang); the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Sun); the Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (Gao); the Advanced Analytic Division, SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA (Wu); Systems and Translational Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA (Sumner); and Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Zhang)
| | - Changhao Sun
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Liang, Gao, Sun, Wang, Xia, Wu); the Center for Endemic Disease Control, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang); the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Sun); the Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (Gao); the Advanced Analytic Division, SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA (Wu); Systems and Translational Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA (Sumner); and Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Zhang)
| | - Lijie Wu
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Liang, Gao, Sun, Wang, Xia, Wu); the Center for Endemic Disease Control, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang); the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (Wang, Sun); the Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (Gao); the Advanced Analytic Division, SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA (Wu); Systems and Translational Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA (Sumner); and Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Zhang)
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Holland NA, Becak DP, Shannahan JH, Brown JM, Carratt SA, Winkle L, Pinkerton KE, Wang CM, Munusamy P, Baer DR, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR, Lust RM, Wingard CJ. Cardiac Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Following Instillation of 20 nm Citrate-capped Nanosilver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6. [PMID: 26966636 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.s6-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have garnered much interest due to their antimicrobial properties, becoming one of the most utilized nano-scale materials. However, any potential evocable cardiovascular injury associated with exposure has not been reported to date. We have previously demonstrated expansion of myocardial infarction after intratracheal (IT) instillation of carbon-based nanomaterials. We hypothesized pulmonary exposure to Ag core AgNP induces a measureable increase in circulating cytokines, expansion of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and is associated with depressed coronary constrictor and relaxation responses. Secondarily, we addressed the potential contribution of silver ion release on AgNP toxicity. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 200 μl of 1 mg/ml of 20 nm citrate-capped Ag core AgNP, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/ml Silver Acetate (AgAc), or a citrate vehicle by intratracheal (IT) instillation. One and 7 days following IT instillation the lungs were evaluated for inflammation and the presence of silver; serum was analyzed for concentrations of selected cytokines; cardiac I/R injury and coronary artery reactivity were assessed. RESULTS AgNP instillation resulted in modest pulmonary inflammation with detection of silver in lung tissue and alveolar macrophages, elevation of serum cytokines: G-CSF, MIP-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-13, IL-10, IL-18, IL-17α, TNFα, and RANTES, expansion of I/R injury and depression of the coronary vessel reactivity at 1 day post IT compared to vehicle treated rats. Silver within lung tissue was persistent at 7 days post IT instillation and was associated with an elevation in cytokines: IL-2, IL-13, and TNFα and expansion of I/R injury. AgAc resulted in a concentration dependent infarct expansion and depressed vascular reactivity without marked pulmonary inflammation or serum cytokine response. CONCLUSIONS Based on these data, IT instillation of AgNP increases circulating levels of several key cytokines, which may contribute to persistent expansion of I/R injury possibly through an impaired vascular responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Holland
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - D P Becak
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shannahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - J M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - S A Carratt
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lsv Winkle
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - K E Pinkerton
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - C M Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, Richland, USA
| | - P Munusamy
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, Richland, USA
| | - Don R Baer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, Richland, USA
| | - S J Sumner
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - T R Fennell
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - R M Lust
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - C J Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Wingard CJ, Holland NA, Thompson LC, Brown JM, Lewin AH, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR, Vidanapathirana AK. The need for reflective consideration of an integrative understanding of cardiovascular consequences to PVP formulated C60 exposure. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:327-328. [PMID: 25422842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
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37
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Harrington JM, Young DJ, Essader AS, Sumner SJ, Levine KE. Analysis of human serum and whole blood for mineral content by ICP-MS and ICP-OES: development of a mineralomics method. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:132-42. [PMID: 24917052 PMCID: PMC4091818 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Minerals are inorganic compounds that are essential to the support of a variety of biological functions. Understanding the range and variability of the content of these minerals in biological samples can provide insight into the relationships between mineral content and the health of individuals. In particular, abnormal mineral content may serve as an indicator of illness. The development of robust, reliable analytical methods for the determination of the mineral content of biological samples is essential to developing biological models for understanding the relationship between minerals and illnesses. This paper describes a method for the analysis of the mineral content of small volumes of serum and whole blood samples from healthy individuals. Interday and intraday precision for the mineral content of the blood (250 μL) and serum (250 μL) samples was measured for eight essential minerals--sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se)--by plasma spectrometric methods and ranged from 0.635 to 10.1% relative standard deviation (RSD) for serum and 0.348-5.98% for whole blood. A comparison of the determined ranges for ten serum samples and six whole blood samples provided good agreement with literature reference ranges. The results demonstrate that the digestion and analysis methods can be used to reliably measure the content of these minerals and potentially of other minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Harrington
- Trace Inorganics Department, Technologies for Industry and the Environment, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA,
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38
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Church RJ, Wu H, Mosedale M, Sumner SJ, Pathmasiri W, Kurtz CL, Pletcher MT, Eaddy JS, Pandher K, Singer M, Batheja A, Watkins PB, Adkins K, Harrill AH. A systems biology approach utilizing a mouse diversity panel identifies genetic differences influencing isoniazid-induced microvesicular steatosis. Toxicol Sci 2014; 140:481-92. [PMID: 24848797 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoniazid (INH), the mainstay therapeutic for tuberculosis infection, has been associated with rare but serious hepatotoxicity in the clinic. However, the mechanisms underlying inter-individual variability in the response to this drug have remained elusive. A genetically diverse mouse population model in combination with a systems biology approach was utilized to identify transcriptional changes, INH-responsive metabolites, and gene variants that contribute to the liver response in genetically sensitive individuals. Sensitive mouse strains developed severe microvesicular steatosis compared with corresponding vehicle control mice following 3 days of oral treatment with INH. Genes involved in mitochondrial dysfunction were enriched among liver transcripts altered with INH treatment. Those associated with INH treatment and susceptibility to INH-induced steatosis in the liver included apolipoprotein A-IV, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1, and choline phosphotransferase 1. These alterations were accompanied by metabolomic changes including reduced levels of glutathione and the choline metabolites betaine and phosphocholine, suggesting that oxidative stress and reduced lipid export may additionally contribute to INH-induced steatosis. Finally, genome-wide association mapping revealed that polymorphisms in perilipin 2 were linked to increased triglyceride levels following INH treatment, implicating a role for inter-individual differences in lipid packaging in the susceptibility to INH-induced steatosis. Taken together, our data suggest that INH-induced steatosis is caused by not one, but multiple events involving lipid retention in the livers of genetically sensitive individuals. This work also highlights the value of using a mouse diversity panel to investigate drug-induced responses across a diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Church
- Hamner-University of North Carolina Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Hong Wu
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Merrie Mosedale
- Hamner-University of North Carolina Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Susan J Sumner
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Catherine L Kurtz
- Hamner-University of North Carolina Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Mathew T Pletcher
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - John S Eaddy
- Hamner-University of North Carolina Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Karamjeet Pandher
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Monica Singer
- Janssen Research and Development, Drug Safety Sciences, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Ameesha Batheja
- Janssen Research and Development, Drug Safety Sciences, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Paul B Watkins
- Hamner-University of North Carolina Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Karissa Adkins
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Alison H Harrill
- Hamner-University of North Carolina Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
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39
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Vidanapathirana AK, Thompson LC, Odom J, Holland NA, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR, Brown JM, Wingard CJ. Vascular Tissue Contractility Changes Following Late Gestational Exposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes or their Dispersing Vehicle in Sprague Dawley Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5. [PMID: 27066300 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are increasingly used in industry and in nanomedicine raising safety concerns, especially during unique life-stages such as pregnancy. We hypothesized that MWCNT exposure during pregnancy will increase vascular tissue contractile responses by increasing Rho kinase signaling. Pregnant (17-19 gestational days) and non-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 100 μg/kg of MWCNTs by intratracheal instillation or intravenous administration. Vasoactive responses of uterine, mesenteric, aortic and umbilical vessels were studied 24 hours post-exposure by wire myography. The contractile responses of the vessel segments were different between the pregnant and non-pregnant rats, following MWCNT exposure. Maximum stress generation in the uterine artery segments from the pregnant rats following pulmonary MWCNT exposure was increased in response to angiotensin II by 4.9 mN/mm2 (+118%), as compared to the naïve response and by 2.6 mN/mm2 (+40.7%) as compared to the vehicle exposed group. Following MWCNT exposure, serotonin induced approximately 4 mN/mm2 increase in stress generation of the mesenteric artery from both pregnant and non-pregnant rats as compared to the vehicle response. A significant contribution of the dispersion medium was identified as inducing changes in the contractile properties following both pulmonary and intravenous exposure to MWCNTs. Wire myographic studies in the presence of a Rho kinase inhibitor and RhoA and Rho kinase mRNA/protein expression of rat aortic endothelial cells were unaltered following exposure to MWCNTs, suggesting absent/minimal contribution of Rho kinase to the enhanced contractile responses following MWCNT exposure. The reactivity of the umbilical vein was not changed; however, mean fetal weight gain was reduced with dispersion media and MWCNT exposure by both routes. These results suggest a susceptibility of the vasculature during gestation to MWCNT and their dispersion media-induced vasoconstriction, predisposing reduced fetal growth during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Vidanapathirana
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, NC 27834, USA
| | - L C Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, NC 27834, USA
| | - J Odom
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, NC 27834, USA
| | - N A Holland
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, NC 27834, USA
| | - S J Sumner
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - T R Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - J M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, CO, 80045, USA
| | - C J Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, NC 27834, USA
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40
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Thompson LC, Urankar RN, Holland NA, Vidanapathirana AK, Pitzer JE, Han L, Sumner SJ, Lewin AH, Fennell TR, Lust RM, Brown JM, Wingard CJ. C₆₀ exposure augments cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury and coronary artery contraction in Sprague Dawley rats. Toxicol Sci 2014; 138:365-78. [PMID: 24431213 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential uses of engineered C₆₀ fullerene (C₆₀) have expanded in recent decades to include industrial and biomedical applications. Based on clinical findings associated with particulate matter exposure and our data with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, we hypothesized that ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and pharmacological responses in isolated coronary arteries would depend upon the route of exposure and gender in rats instilled with C₆₀. Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were used to test this hypothesis by surgical induction of cardiac I/R injury in situ 24 h after intratracheal (IT) or intravenous (IV) instillation of 28 μg of C₆₀ formulated in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or PVP vehicle. Serum was collected for quantification of various cytokines. Coronary artery segments were isolated for assessment of vasoactive pharmacology via wire myography. Both IV and IT exposure to C₆₀ resulted in expansion of myocardial infarction in male and female rats following I/R injury. Serum-collected post-I/R showed elevated concentrations of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in male rats exposed to IV C₆₀. Coronary arteries isolated from male rats exposed to IT C₆₀ demonstrated augmented vasocontraction in response to endothelin-1 that was attenuated with Indomethacin. IV C₆₀ exposure resulted in impaired acetylcholine relaxation in male rats and IT C₆₀ exposure resulted in depressed vasorelaxation in response to sodium nitroprusside in female rats. Based on these data, we conclude that IT and IV exposure to C₆₀ results in unique cardiovascular consequences that may favor heightened coronary resistance and myocardial susceptibility to I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
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41
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Vidanapathirana AK, Lai X, Hilderbrand SC, Pitzer JE, Podila R, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR, Wingard CJ, Witzmann FA, Brown JM. Multi-walled carbon nanotube directed gene and protein expression in cultured human aortic endothelial cells is influenced by suspension medium. Toxicology 2012; 302:114-22. [PMID: 23026733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use and production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have significantly increased over the last decade due to their versatility in numerous applications. Their unique physical and chemical properties make them desirable for various biomedical applications, but the same properties also raise concerns about their safety to human health, particularly at the cellular level. The vascular endothelium could be exposed to nanomaterials either by direct intravenous administration in nanomedicine or by translocation following inhalational exposure in an occupational setting. We hypothesized that direct exposure to MWCNTs will increase the expression of inflammatory markers in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). We also investigated the effect of the route of exposure on activation by changing the suspension medium of the MWCNTs. HAEC were treated in vitro with MWCNTs (1 or 10 μg/cm(2)) suspended in either cell culture medium [(M)-MWCNTs] or 10% clinical grade pulmonary surfactant [(S)-MWCNTs]. The zeta potential of the (S)-MWCNTs was significantly more negative than the (M)-MWCNTs suggesting a more stable suspension. Treatment of HAEC with (S)-MWCNTs; as compared to (M)-MWCNTs resulted in a significantly higher up-regulation of mRNA transcripts for cell adhesion molecules VCAM1, SELE, ICAM1 and the chemokine CCL2. Time dependent changes in VCAM1 and CCL2 protein levels were confirmed by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and ELISA. A label free quantitative mass spectrometry proteomic analysis was utilized to compare protein expression patterns between the two suspensions of MWCNTs. We identified significant expression changes in >200 unique proteins in MWCNT treated HAEC. However, the two suspensions of MWCNTs resulted in different protein expression patterns with the eIF2 pathway as the only common pathway identified between the two suspensions. These data suggest that direct exposure to MWCNTs induces acute inflammatory and protein expression changes in HAEC, which is influenced by the type of media used for suspension of MWCNTs and their resulting zeta potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achini K Vidanapathirana
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Gika HG, Theodoridis GA, Earll M, Snyder RW, Sumner SJ, Wilson ID. Does the mass spectrometer define the marker? A comparison of global metabolite profiling data generated simultaneously via UPLC-MS on two different mass spectrometers. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8226-34. [PMID: 20828141 PMCID: PMC2951889 DOI: 10.1021/ac1016612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By coupling a single UPLC separation to two different types of mass spectrometer an unbiased comparison of the metabolite profiles produced by each instrument for a set of rat urine samples was obtained. The flow from the UPLC column was split equally and both streams of eluent were simultaneously directed to the inlets of the two mass spectrometers. Mass spectrometry on the eluent was undertaken using a triple quadrupole linear ion trap and a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer using both positive and negative ESI. Data from both mass spectrometers were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis, after applying the same data extraction software, and showed the same general pattern of correlation between the samples using both unsupervised and supervised methods of statistical analysis. Based on orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis models a number of ions were recognized as "responsible" for the separation of the animal groups. From the peaks detected, and denoted as significant by the statistical analysis a number of ions were found to be unique to one data set or the other, a result which may have consequences for biomarker discovery and interlaboratory comparisons. The software package used for data analysis also had an effect on the outcome of the statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen G. Gika
- Department of Chemistry Aristotle University Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Mark Earll
- Umetrics UK, Unit 3-4 Cowley Way, Weston Road, Crewe, Cheshire, CW1 6AG, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney W. Snyder
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ian D. Wilson
- AstraZeneca, Dept. Clinical Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG UK
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Sumner SJ, Burgess JP, Snyder RW, Popp JA, Fennell TR. Metabolomics of urine for the assessment of microvesicular lipid accumulation in the liver following isoniazid exposure. Metabolomics 2010; 6:238-249. [PMID: 21057652 PMCID: PMC2968713 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-010-0197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop a noninvasive marker of hepatic microvesicular lipid accumulation (MVLA), a histopathological effect currently diagnosed in humans following liver biopsy. MVLA is detected in animal studies of chemicals and drugs and occurs in some humans exposed to chemicals or pharmaceuticals. Because MVLA is a reversible histopathology, early detection of MVLA using a noninvasive method, could aid clinicians in the treatment of patients taking drugs that are known to induce this injury. Isoniazid (INH) was selected as a model compound for this investigation, because MVLA occurs in tuberculosis (TB) patients treated with a combination therapy, which includes INH. This study used male rats dosed daily with INH at 0, 10, or 300 mg/kg/day for up to 8 days. Urine, blood, and liver were obtained following 1 and 8 days. NMR metabolomics of urine revealed markers that correlated (100%) with the findings of MVLA in the right, left, and median liver lobes in 4/9 rats administered the high dose of INH for 8 days. Metabolomics of liver extracts also revealed markers that correlated with the MVLA injury. Serum enzymes that are clinically used to assess liver injury were not consistently correlated to the findings of MVLA. Metabolite changes consistent with the presence of MVLA correlated with interruptions in inositol, carbohydrate, glycerolipid, and glyoxylate metabolism. This study reveals markers that could find pre-clinical use, provides insights into mechanisms involved in MVLA, and demonstrates the need for the validation of noninvasive MVLA markers in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J. Sumner
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jason P. Burgess
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Rodney W. Snyder
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | - Timothy R. Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Banijamali AR, DeMatteo V, Sumner SJ. A mechanism for the formation of bis-glutathione conjugates of propargyl alcohol. Pest Manag Sci 2003; 59:331-338. [PMID: 12639051 DOI: 10.1002/ps.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Our earlier research clearly revealed glutathione (GSH) conjugation as a major pathway for the metabolism of propargyl alcohol (2-propyn-1-ol) in rats and in mice. The identification of the metabolite 3,3-bis[(2-acetylamino-2-carboxyethyl)thio]-1-propanol (I) and its congeners represented the first example of multi-glutathione addition to a triple bond, and invoked further research to determine the mechanism for bis-conjugation. To determine whether GSH conjugated directly with propargyl alcohol or after oxidation of the latter to 2-propynal, urinary metabolites from rats administered deuterium-labeled propargyl alcohol were characterized. Following TLC separation and HPLC purification, mass spectrometry was used to show a single mass unit increase for metabolite I over that of the chemically synthesized standard. This result indicates that conjugation of propargyl alcohol with GSH to form the bis-conjugates occurred after initial oxidation to 2-propynal, a reaction that is analogous to a Michael addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali R Banijamali
- Metabolism Chemistry, Crop Protection R&D, Crompton Corp, Middlebury, CT 06749, USA.
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Banijamali AR, Xu Y, DeMatteo V, Strunk RJ, Sumner SJ. Identification of metabolites of [1,2,3-(13)C]Propargyl alcohol in mouse urine by (13)C NMR and mass spectrometry and comparison to rat. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:4693-4710. [PMID: 11052721 DOI: 10.1021/jf000176k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Species differences in the metabolism of acetylenic compounds commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceuticals and pesticides have not been investigated. To better understand the in vivo reactivity of this bond, the metabolism of propargyl alcohol (PA), 2-propyn-1-ol, was examined in rats and mice. An earlier study (Banijamali, A. R.; Xu, Y.; Strunk, R. J.; Gay, M. H.; Ellis, M. C.; Putterman, G. J. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47, 1717-1729) in rats revealed that PA undergoes extensive metabolism primarily via glutathione conjugation. The current research describes the metabolism of PA in CD-1 mice and compares results for the mice to those obtained for rats. [1,2,3-(13)C;2,3-(14)C]PA was administered orally to the mice. Approximately 60% of the dose was excreted in urine by 96 h. Metabolites were identified, directly, in whole urine by 1- and 2-D (13)C NMR and HPLC/MS and by comparison with the available reference compounds. The proposed metabolic pathway involves glucuronide conjugation of PA to form 2-propyn-1-ol-glucuronide as well as oxidation of PA to the proposed intermediate 2-propynal. The aldehyde undergoes conjugation with glutathione followed by further metabolism to yield as final products 3,3-bis[(2-acetylamino-2-carboxyethyl)thio]-1-propanol, 3-[(2-acetylamino-2-carboxyethyl)thio]-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)thi o]-1-propanol, 3,3-bis[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)thio]-1-propanol, 3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)thio]-2-propenoic acid, and 3-[(2-formylamino-2-carboxyethyl)thio]-2-propenoic acid. A small portion of 2-propynal is also oxidized to result in the excretion of 2-propynoic acid. On the basis of urinary metabolite data, qualitative and quantitative differences are noted between rats and mice in the formation of the glucuronide conjugate of PA and in the formation of 2-propynoic acid and metabolites derived from glutathione. These metabolites represent further variation on glutathione metabolism following its addition to the carbon-carbon triple bond compared to those described for the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Banijamali
- Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Banijamali AR, Xu Y, Strunk RJ, Gay MH, Ellis MC, Putterman GJ, Sumner SJ. Identification of metabolites of [1,2,3-(13)C]Propargyl alcohol in rat urine by (13)C NMR and mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:1717-1729. [PMID: 10564044 DOI: 10.1021/jf980870o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the metabolism of acetylenic (C&tbd1;C) compounds commonly used in the formulation of pesticides. To better understand the in vivo reactivity of this bond, we examined the metabolism of propargyl alcohol (PA), 2-propyn-1-ol, used extensively in the chemical industry. [1,2,3-(13)C, 2,3-(14)C]PA was administered orally to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Approximately 56% of the dose was excreted in urine by 96 h. Major metabolites were characterized, directly, in the whole urine by one- and two-dimensional (13)C NMR. To determine the complete structures of metabolites of PA, rat urine was also subjected to TLC followed by purification of separated TLC bands on HPLC. The purified metabolites were identified by (13)C NMR and mass spectrometry and by comparison with available synthetic standards. The proposed metabolic pathway involves oxidation of propargyl alcohol to 2-propynoic acid and further detoxification via glutathione conjugation to yield as final products: 3, 3-bis[(2-(acetylamino)-2-carboxyethyl)thio]-1-propanol, 3-(carboxymethylthio)-2-propenoic acid, 3-(methylsulfinyl)-2-(methylthio)-2-propenoic acid, 3-[[2-(acetylamino)-2-carboxyethyl]thio]-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)t hio]-1-propanol and 3-[[2-(acetylamino)-2-carboxyethyl]sulfinyl]-3-[2-(acetylamino)-2-car boxyethyl]thio]-1-propanol. These unique metabolites have not been reported previously and represent the first example of multiple glutathione additions to the carbon-carbon triple bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Banijamali
- Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Sumner SJ, Stedman DB, Cheng SY, Welsch F, Fennell TR. Dose effects on the excretion of urinary metabolites of 2-[1,2,methoxy-13C]methoxyethanol in rats and mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1995; 134:139-47. [PMID: 7676448 DOI: 10.1006/taap.1995.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The administration of 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME) to pregnant rats, mice, or primates results in developmental toxicity. To assess the role of metabolism in the adverse response of 2-ME, carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy was used to examine, directly in the urine, metabolites produced after administering high (250 mg/kg) and low (25 mg/kg) doses of 2-[1,2,methoxy-13C]ME to pregnant CD-1 mice and male Fischer 344 rats. The high dose elicits teratogenic effects in mice and testicular toxicity in rats. The urinary disposition was also examined after dosing pregnant CD-1 mice with a developmentally toxic level of 2-ME together with serine or acetate (known attenuators of 2-ME embryotoxicity). Seven novel metabolites were found in rat urine, consistent with those assigned in our previous studies with mice. Metabolite composition was compared for the different dosing regimens. A lower percentage of metabolites derived after conversion of 2-ME to 2-methoxyacetic acid (2-MAA) was found following concurrent administration of 2-ME with acetate, D-serine, or L-serine. These differences are mainly attributed to higher levels of ethylene glycol and/or glycolic acid that arise for the 2-ME administrations with any of the attenuators. Acetate together with 2-ME also reduced the percentage of metabolites incorporated into intermediary metabolism. These data indicate that attenuators of 2-ME teratogenic effects may alter metabolism and distribution by decreasing the conversion of 2-ME to 2-MAA, decreasing the conversion of 2-MAA to a coenzyme A thioester (2-methoxyacetyl approximately CoA), altering the utilization of the coenzyme A thioester, and/or increasing the conversion of 2-ME to ethylene glycol and its further metabolism. These changes in metabolism may contribute to the attenuating effects of these agents on 2-ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Sumner
- Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Osterman-Golkar SM, MacNeela JP, Turner MJ, Walker VE, Swenberg JA, Sumner SJ, Youtsey N, Fennell TR. Monitoring exposure to acrylonitrile using adducts with N-terminal valine in hemoglobin. Carcinogenesis 1994; 15:2701-7. [PMID: 8001224 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/15.12.2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to acrylonitrile (ACN), a carcinogen in rats, may occur in industrial settings, through waste water and tobacco smoke. ACN is an electrophilic compound and binds covalently to nucleophilic sites in macromolecules. Measurements of adducts with hemoglobin could be utilized for improved exposure assessments. In this study, a method for quantification of N-(2-cyanoethyl)valine (CEVal), the product of reaction of ACN with N-terminal valine in hemoglobin has been developed. The method is based on the N-alkyl Edman procedure, which involves derivatization of the globin with pentafluorophenyl isothiocyanate and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the resulting thiohydantoin. An internal standard was prepared by reacting valylglycylglycine with [2H3]ACN, spiked with [14C]ACN to a known sp. act. Levels of CEVal were measured in globin from rats exposed to 3-300 p.p.m. ACN in drinking water for 105 days and from humans (four smokers and four non-smokers). CEVal was detected at all exposure levels in the drinking water study. The relationship between adduct level and water concentration was linear at concentrations of 10 p.p.m. (corresponding to an average daily uptake of c. 0.74 mg ACN/kg body wt during the 65 days prior to sacrifice) and below, with a slope of 37.7 pmol CEVal/g globin/p.p.m. At higher concentrations, adduct levels increased sublinearly, indicating saturation of a metabolic process for elimination of ACN. Comparison of adduct formation with the estimated dose (mg/kg/day) of ACN indicated that at low dose (0-10 p.p.m.) CEVal = 0.508 x ACN dose + 0.048 and at high dose (35-300 p.p.m.) CEVal = 1.142 x ACN dose - 1.098. Globin from the smokers (10-20 cigarettes/day) contained about 90 pmol CEVal/g, whereas the adduct levels in globin from non-smokers were below the detection limit. The analytical sensitivity should be sufficient to allow monitoring of occupationally exposed workers at levels well below the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard of 2 p.p.m.
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Abstract
Styrene and styrene oxide have been implicated as reproductive toxicants, neurotoxicants, or carcinogens in vivo or in vitro. The use of these chemicals in the manufacture of plastics and polymers and in the boat-building industry has raised concerns related to the risk associated with human exposure. This review describes the literature to date on the metabolic fate of styrene and styrene oxide in laboratory animals and in humans. Many studies have been conducted to assess the metabolic fate of styrene in rats, and investigations on the metabolism of styrene in humans have been of considerable interest. Limited research has been done to assess metabolism in the mouse. The metabolism of styrene to styrene oxide and further conversion to styrene glycol (via epoxide hydrolase), mandelic acid, and phenylglyoxylic acid has been given considerable attention, and is considered to be the major pathway of activation and detoxication for humans. While the hydrolysis of styrene oxide to styrene glycol historically has been the favored pathway for the rat, studies in more recent years have indicated that glutathione conjugation also is a viable and significant pathway for both the rat and the mouse. This pathway has not been established in humans. Mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid have been used as urinary markers of exposure in humans exposed to styrene. Extensive investigations have been conducted on the kinetics of styrene and styrene oxide in rodents. In people, the kinetics of styrene and styrene oxide in the blood of occupationally exposed workers and volunteers have been determined. Pharmacokinetic models developed in the last decade have become increasingly complex, with the most recent physiologically based model describing the kinetics of styrene and styrene oxide. This model shows pronounced species differences in sensitivity coefficients for styrene or styrene oxide between mice, rats, and humans, where mice are the more sensitive species to the Vmax for both epoxide hydrolase and monooxygenase. This result is particularly interesting in light of the recent findings of extensive mortality and hepatotoxicity for mice exposed to relatively low levels of styrene (250 to 500 ppm), while rats and humans exhibit only nasal and eye irritations at exposure concentrations well above 500 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Sumner
- Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, NC
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