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Taibl KR, Dunlop AL, Barr DB, Li YY, Eick SM, Kannan K, Ryan PB, Schroder M, Rushing B, Fennell T, Chang CJ, Tan Y, Marsit CJ, Jones DP, Liang D. Newborn metabolomic signatures of maternal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure and reduced length of gestation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3120. [PMID: 37253729 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Marginalized populations experience disproportionate rates of preterm birth and early term birth. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been reported to reduce length of gestation, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In the present study, we characterized the molecular signatures of prenatal PFAS exposure and gestational age at birth outcomes in the newborn dried blood spot metabolome among 267 African American dyads in Atlanta, Georgia between 2016 and 2020. Pregnant people with higher serum perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid concentrations had increased odds of an early birth. After false discovery rate correction, the effect of prenatal PFAS exposure on reduced length of gestation was associated with 8 metabolomic pathways and 52 metabolites in newborn dried blood spots, which suggested perturbed tissue neogenesis, neuroendocrine function, and redox homeostasis. These mechanisms explain how prenatal PFAS exposure gives rise to the leading cause of infant death in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin R Taibl
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie M Eick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madison Schroder
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Blake Rushing
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy Fennell
- Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceuticals, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Che-Jung Chang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youran Tan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Nikitin SE, Fåk B, Krämer KW, Fennell T, Normand B, Läuchli AM, Rüegg C. Thermal Evolution of Dirac Magnons in the Honeycomb Ferromagnet CrBr_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:127201. [PMID: 36179160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.127201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CrBr_{3} is an excellent realization of the two-dimensional honeycomb ferromagnet, which offers a bosonic equivalent of graphene with Dirac magnons and topological character. We perform inelastic neutron scattering measurements using state-of-the-art instrumentation to update 50-year-old data, thereby enabling a definitive comparison both with recent experimental claims of a significant gap at the Dirac point and with theoretical predictions for thermal magnon renormalization. We demonstrate that CrBr_{3} has next-neighbor J_{2} and J_{3} interactions approximately 5% of J_{1}, an ideal Dirac magnon dispersion at the K point, and the associated signature of isospin winding. The magnon lifetime and the thermal band renormalization show the universal T^{2} evolution expected from an interacting spin-wave treatment, but the measured dispersion lacks the predicted van Hove features, pointing to the need for more sophisticated theoretical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Nikitin
- Quantum Criticality and Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - B Fåk
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - K W Krämer
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Fennell
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - B Normand
- Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Physics, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A M Läuchli
- Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Physics, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ch Rüegg
- Quantum Criticality and Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Hönggerberg, Switzerland
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Mazzella M, Sumner SJ, Gao S, Su L, Diao N, Mostofa G, Qamruzzaman Q, Pathmasiri W, Christiani DC, Fennell T, Gennings C. Quantitative methods for metabolomic analyses evaluated in the Children's Health Exposure Analysis Resource (CHEAR). J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2020; 30:16-27. [PMID: 31548623 PMCID: PMC8041023 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
With advances in technologies that facilitate metabolome-wide analyses, the incorporation of metabolomics in the pursuit of biomarkers of exposure and effect is rapidly evolving in population health studies. However, many analytic approaches are limited in their capacity to address high-dimensional metabolomics data within an epidemiologic framework, including the highly collinear nature of the metabolites and consideration of confounding variables. In this Children's Health Exposure Analysis Resource (CHEAR) network study, we showcase various analytic approaches that are established as well as novel in the field of metabolomics, including univariate single metabolite models, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest, weighted quantile sum (WQSRS) regression, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and latent class analysis (LCA). Here, in a Bangladeshi birth cohort (n = 199), we illustrate research questions that can be addressed by each analytic method in the assessment of associations between cord blood metabolites (1H NMR measurements) and birth anthropometric measurements (birth weight and head circumference).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mazzella
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Shangzhi Gao
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I Room 1401, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Li Su
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I Room 1401, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nancy Diao
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I Room 1401, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I Room 1401, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Fennell
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Giblin SR, Twengström M, Bovo L, Ruminy M, Bartkowiak M, Manuel P, Andresen JC, Prabhakaran D, Balakrishnan G, Pomjakushina E, Paulsen C, Lhotel E, Keller L, Frontzek M, Capelli SC, Zaharko O, McClarty PA, Bramwell ST, Henelius P, Fennell T. Pauling Entropy, Metastability, and Equilibrium in Dy_{2}Ti_{2}O_{7} Spin Ice. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:067202. [PMID: 30141658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.067202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Determining the fate of the Pauling entropy in the classical spin ice material Dy_{2}Ti_{2}O_{7} with respect to the third law of thermodynamics has become an important test case for understanding the existence and stability of ice-rule states in general. The standard model of spin ice-the dipolar spin ice model-predicts an ordering transition at T≈0.15 K, but recent experiments by Pomaranski et al. suggest an entropy recovery over long timescales at temperatures as high as 0.5 K, much too high to be compatible with the theory. Using neutron scattering and specific heat measurements at low temperatures and with long timescales (0.35 K/10^{6} s and 0.5 K/10^{5} s, respectively) on several isotopically enriched samples, we find no evidence of a reduction of ice-rule correlations or spin entropy. High-resolution simulations of the neutron structure factor show that the spin correlations remain well described by the dipolar spin ice model at all temperatures. Furthermore, by careful consideration of hyperfine contributions, we conclude that the original entropy measurements of Ramirez et al. are, after all, essentially correct: The short-time relaxation method used in that study gives a reasonably accurate estimate of the equilibrium spin ice entropy due to a cancellation of contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Giblin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M Twengström
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Bovo
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H OAH, United Kingdom
- Department of Innovation and Enterprise, University College London, 90 Tottenham Court Road, Fitzrovia, London W1T 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - M Ruminy
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Bartkowiak
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Manuel
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J C Andresen
- Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - D Prabhakaran
- Clarendon Laboratory, Physics Department, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - G Balakrishnan
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - E Pomjakushina
- Laboratory for Scientific Developments, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C Paulsen
- Institut Néel, C.N.R.S-Université Joseph Fourier, B.P. 166, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - E Lhotel
- Institut Néel, C.N.R.S-Université Joseph Fourier, B.P. 166, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - L Keller
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Frontzek
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - S C Capelli
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - O Zaharko
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P A McClarty
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - S T Bramwell
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H OAH, United Kingdom
| | - P Henelius
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Fennell
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Bovo L, Twengström M, Petrenko OA, Fennell T, Gingras MJP, Bramwell ST, Henelius P. Special temperatures in frustrated ferromagnets. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1999. [PMID: 29784922 PMCID: PMC5962592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The description and detection of unconventional magnetic states, such as spin liquids, is a recurring topic in condensed matter physics. While much of the efforts have traditionally been directed at geometrically frustrated antiferromagnets, recent studies reveal that systems featuring competing antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions are also promising candidate materials. We find that this competition leads to the notion of special temperatures, analogous to those of gases, at which the competing interactions balance, and the system is quasi-ideal. Although induced by weak perturbing interactions, these special temperatures are surprisingly high and constitute an accessible experimental diagnostic of eventual order or spin-liquid properties. The well characterised Hamiltonian and extended low-temperature susceptibility measurement of the canonical frustrated ferromagnet Dy2Ti2O7 enables us to formulate both a phenomenological and microscopic theory of special temperatures for magnets. Other members of this class of magnets include kapellasite Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2 and the spinel GeCo2O4. Competing interactions in frustrated magnets give rise to complex emergent phenomena, which challenge a full microscopic understanding but invite comparison to other systems. Bovo et al. find an analogy to classical gases and identify special temperatures that reveal fine details of the microscopic Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bovo
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H OAH, UK.,Department of Innovation and Enterprise, University College London, 90 Tottenham Court Rd, Fitzrovia, London, W1T 4TJ, UK
| | - M Twengström
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - O A Petrenko
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - T Fennell
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M J P Gingras
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 180 Dundas St. W., Toronto, ON, M5G 1Z8, Canada.,Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. N., Waterloo, ON, N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - S T Bramwell
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H OAH, UK
| | - P Henelius
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gao S, Zaharko O, Tsurkan V, Prodan L, Riordan E, Lago J, Fåk B, Wildes AR, Koza MM, Ritter C, Fouquet P, Keller L, Canévet E, Medarde M, Blomgren J, Johansson C, Giblin SR, Vrtnik S, Luzar J, Loidl A, Rüegg C, Fennell T. Dipolar Spin Ice States with a Fast Monopole Hopping Rate in CdEr_{2}X_{4} (X=Se, S). Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:137201. [PMID: 29694199 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.137201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Excitations in a spin ice behave as magnetic monopoles, and their population and mobility control the dynamics of a spin ice at low temperature. CdEr_{2}Se_{4} is reported to have the Pauling entropy characteristic of a spin ice, but its dynamics are three orders of magnitude faster than the canonical spin ice Dy_{2}Ti_{2}O_{7}. In this Letter we use diffuse neutron scattering to show that both CdEr_{2}Se_{4} and CdEr_{2}S_{4} support a dipolar spin ice state-the host phase for a Coulomb gas of emergent magnetic monopoles. These Coulomb gases have similar parameters to those in Dy_{2}Ti_{2}O_{7}, i.e., dilute and uncorrelated, and so cannot provide three orders faster dynamics through a larger monopole population alone. We investigate the monopole dynamics using ac susceptometry and neutron spin echo spectroscopy, and verify the crystal electric field Hamiltonian of the Er^{3+} ions using inelastic neutron scattering. A quantitative calculation of the monopole hopping rate using our Coulomb gas and crystal electric field parameters shows that the fast dynamics in CdEr_{2}X_{4} (X=Se, S) are primarily due to much faster monopole hopping. Our work suggests that CdEr_{2}X_{4} offer the possibility to study alternative spin ice ground states and dynamics, with equilibration possible at much lower temperatures than the rare earth pyrochlore examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Gao
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Zaharko
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V Tsurkan
- Experimental Physics V, University of Augsburg, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MD-2028 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - L Prodan
- Institute of Applied Physics, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MD-2028 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - E Riordan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - J Lago
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - B Fåk
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A R Wildes
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M M Koza
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - C Ritter
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - P Fouquet
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - L Keller
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - E Canévet
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Medarde
- Laboratory for Scientific Developments and Novel Materials, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J Blomgren
- RISE Acreo AB, SE-411 33 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - S R Giblin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - S Vrtnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J Luzar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, University of Augsburg, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ch Rüegg
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Fennell
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Flannick J, Fuchsberger C, Mahajan A, Teslovich TM, Agarwala V, Gaulton KJ, Caulkins L, Koesterer R, Ma C, Moutsianas L, McCarthy DJ, Rivas MA, Perry JRB, Sim X, Blackwell TW, Robertson NR, Rayner NW, Cingolani P, Locke AE, Tajes JF, Highland HM, Dupuis J, Chines PS, Lindgren CM, Hartl C, Jackson AU, Chen H, Huyghe JR, van de Bunt M, Pearson RD, Kumar A, Müller-Nurasyid M, Grarup N, Stringham HM, Gamazon ER, Lee J, Chen Y, Scott RA, Below JE, Chen P, Huang J, Go MJ, Stitzel ML, Pasko D, Parker SCJ, Varga TV, Green T, Beer NL, Day-Williams AG, Ferreira T, Fingerlin T, Horikoshi M, Hu C, Huh I, Ikram MK, Kim BJ, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Kwon MS, Lee J, Lee S, Lin KH, Maxwell TJ, Nagai Y, Wang X, Welch RP, Yoon J, Zhang W, Barzilai N, Voight BF, Han BG, Jenkinson CP, Kuulasmaa T, Kuusisto J, Manning A, Ng MCY, Palmer ND, Balkau B, Stančáková A, Abboud HE, Boeing H, Giedraitis V, Prabhakaran D, Gottesman O, Scott J, Carey J, Kwan P, Grant G, Smith JD, Neale BM, Purcell S, Butterworth AS, Howson JMM, Lee HM, Lu Y, Kwak SH, Zhao W, Danesh J, Lam VKL, Park KS, Saleheen D, So WY, Tam CHT, Afzal U, Aguilar D, Arya R, Aung T, Chan E, Navarro C, Cheng CY, Palli D, Correa A, Curran JE, Rybin D, Farook VS, Fowler SP, Freedman BI, Griswold M, Hale DE, Hicks PJ, Khor CC, Kumar S, Lehne B, Thuillier D, Lim WY, Liu J, Loh M, Musani SK, Puppala S, Scott WR, Yengo L, Tan ST, Taylor HA, Thameem F, Wilson G, Wong TY, Njølstad PR, Levy JC, Mangino M, Bonnycastle LL, Schwarzmayr T, Fadista J, Surdulescu GL, Herder C, Groves CJ, Wieland T, Bork-Jensen J, Brandslund I, Christensen C, Koistinen HA, Doney AS.F, Kinnunen L, Esko T, Farmer AJ, Hakaste L, Hodgkiss D, Kravic J, Lyssenko V, Hollensted M, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Ladenvall C, Justesen JM, Käräjämäki A, Kriebel J, Rathmann W, Lannfelt L, Lauritzen T, Narisu N, Linneberg A, Melander O, Milani L, Neville M, Orho-Melander M, Qi L, Qi Q, Roden M, Rolandsson O, Swift A, Rosengren AH, Stirrups K, Wood AR, Mihailov E, Blancher C, Carneiro MO, Maguire J, Poplin R, Shakir K, Fennell T, DePristo M, de Angelis MH, Deloukas P, Gjesing AP, Jun G, Nilsson P, Murphy J, Onofrio R, Thorand B, Hansen T, Meisinger C, Hu FB, Isomaa B, Karpe F, Liang L, Peters A, Huth C, O'Rahilly SP, Palmer CNA, Pedersen O, Rauramaa R, Tuomilehto J, Salomaa V, Watanabe RM, Syvänen AC, Bergman RN, Bharadwaj D, Bottinger EP, Cho YS, Chandak GR, Chan JCN, Chia KS, Daly MJ, Ebrahim SB, Langenberg C, Elliott P, Jablonski KA, Lehman DM, Jia W, Ma RCW, Pollin TI, Sandhu M, Tandon N, Froguel P, Barroso I, Teo YY, Zeggini E, Loos RJF, Small KS, Ried JS, DeFronzo RA, Grallert H, Glaser B, Metspalu A, Wareham NJ, Walker M, Banks E, Gieger C, Ingelsson E, Im HK, Illig T, Franks PW, Buck G, Trakalo J, Buck D, Prokopenko I, Mägi R, Lind L, Farjoun Y, Owen KR, Gloyn AL, Strauch K, Tuomi T, Kooner JS, Lee JY, Park T, Donnelly P, Morris AD, Hattersley AT, Bowden DW, Collins FS, Atzmon G, Chambers JC, Spector TD, Laakso M, Strom TM, Bell GI, Blangero J, Duggirala R, Tai ES, McVean G, Hanis CL, Wilson JG, Seielstad M, Frayling TM, Meigs JB, Cox NJ, Sladek R, Lander ES, Gabriel S, Mohlke KL, Meitinger T, Groop L, Abecasis G, Scott LJ, Morris AP, Kang HM, Altshuler D, Burtt NP, Florez JC, Boehnke M, McCarthy MI. Erratum: Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls. Sci Data 2018; 5:180002. [PMID: 29360107 PMCID: PMC5779067 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.179.
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Jason F, Fuchsberger C, Mahajan A, Teslovich TM, Agarwala V, Gaulton KJ, Caulkins L, Koesterer R, Ma C, Moutsianas L, McCarthy DJ, Rivas MA, Perry JRB, Sim X, Blackwell TW, Robertson NR, Rayner NW, Cingolani P, Locke AE, Tajes JF, Highland HM, Dupuis J, Chines PS, Lindgren CM, Hartl C, Jackson AU, Chen H, Huyghe JR, van de Bunt M, Pearson RD, Kumar A, Müller-Nurasyid M, Grarup N, Stringham HM, Gamazon ER, Lee J, Chen Y, Scott RA, Below JE, Chen P, Huang J, Go MJ, Stitzel ML, Pasko D, Parker SCJ, Varga TV, Green T, Beer NL, Day-Williams AG, Ferreira T, Fingerlin T, Horikoshi M, Hu C, Huh I, Ikram MK, Kim BJ, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Kwon MS, Lee J, Lee S, Lin KH, Maxwell TJ, Nagai Y, Wang X, Welch RP, Yoon J, Zhang W, Barzilai N, Voight BF, Han BG, Jenkinson CP, Kuulasmaa T, Kuusisto J, Manning A, Ng MCY, Palmer ND, Balkau B, Stančáková A, Abboud HE, Boeing H, Giedraitis V, Prabhakaran D, Gottesman O, Scott J, Carey J, Kwan P, Grant G, Smith JD, Neale BM, Purcell S, Butterworth AS, Howson JMM, Lee HM, Lu Y, Kwak SH, Zhao W, Danesh J, Lam VKL, Park KS, Saleheen D, So WY, Tam CHT, Afzal U, Aguilar D, Arya R, Aung T, Chan E, Navarro C, Cheng CY, Palli D, Correa A, Curran JE, Rybin D, Farook VS, Fowler SP, Freedman BI, Griswold M, Hale DE, Hicks PJ, Khor CC, Kumar S, Lehne B, Thuillier D, Lim WY, Liu J, Loh M, Musani SK, Puppala S, Scott WR, Yengo L, Tan ST, Taylor HA, Thameem F, Wilson G, Wong TY, Njølstad PR, Levy JC, Mangino M, Bonnycastle LL, Schwarzmayr T, Fadista J, Surdulescu GL, Herder C, Groves CJ, Wieland T, Bork-Jensen J, Brandslund I, Christensen C, Koistinen HA, Doney ASF, Kinnunen L, Esko T, Farmer AJ, Hakaste L, Hodgkiss D, Kravic J, Lyssenko V, Hollensted M, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Ladenvall C, Justesen JM, Käräjämäki A, Kriebel J, Rathmann W, Lannfelt L, Lauritzen T, Narisu N, Linneberg A, Melander O, Milani L, Neville M, Orho-Melander M, Qi L, Qi Q, Roden M, Rolandsson O, Swift A, Rosengren AH, Stirrups K, Wood AR, Mihailov E, Blancher C, Carneiro MO, Maguire J, Poplin R, Shakir K, Fennell T, DePristo M, de Angelis MH, Deloukas P, Gjesing AP, Jun G, Nilsson P, Murphy J, Onofrio R, Thorand B, Hansen T, Meisinger C, Hu FB, Isomaa B, Karpe F, Liang L, Peters A, Huth C, O'Rahilly SP, Palmer CNA, Pedersen O, Rauramaa R, Tuomilehto J, Salomaa V, Watanabe RM, Syvänen AC, Bergman RN, Bharadwaj D, Bottinger EP, Cho YS, Chandak GR, Chan JCN, Chia KS, Daly MJ, Ebrahim SB, Langenberg C, Elliott P, Jablonski KA, Lehman DM, Jia W, Ma RCW, Pollin TI, Sandhu M, Tandon N, Froguel P, Barroso I, Teo YY, Zeggini E, Loos RJF, Small KS, Ried JS, DeFronzo RA, Grallert H, Glaser B, Metspalu A, Wareham NJ, Walker M, Banks E, Gieger C, Ingelsson E, Im HK, Illig T, Franks PW, Buck G, Trakalo J, Buck D, Prokopenko I, Mägi R, Lind L, Farjoun Y, Owen KR, Gloyn AL, Strauch K, Tuomi T, Kooner JS, Lee JY, Park T, Donnelly P, Morris AD, Hattersley AT, Bowden DW, Collins FS, Atzmon G, Chambers JC, Spector TD, Laakso M, Strom TM, Bell GI, Blangero J, Duggirala R, Tai ES, McVean G, Hanis CL, Wilson JG, Seielstad M, Frayling TM, Meigs JB, Cox NJ, Sladek R, Lander ES, Gabriel S, Mohlke KL, Meitinger T, Groop L, Abecasis G, Scott LJ, Morris AP, Kang HM, Altshuler D, Burtt NP, Florez JC, Boehnke M, McCarthy MI. Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls. Sci Data 2017; 4:170179. [PMID: 29257133 PMCID: PMC5735917 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to high resolution, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia catalogued variation from whole-genome sequencing of 2,657 European individuals and exome sequencing of 12,940 individuals of multiple ancestries. Over 27M SNPs, indels, and structural variants were identified, including 99% of low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.1-5%) non-coding variants in the whole-genome sequenced individuals and 99.7% of low-frequency coding variants in the whole-exome sequenced individuals. Each variant was tested for association with T2D in the sequenced individuals, and, to increase power, most were tested in larger numbers of individuals (>80% of low-frequency coding variants in ~82 K Europeans via the exome chip, and ~90% of low-frequency non-coding variants in ~44 K Europeans via genotype imputation). The variants, genotypes, and association statistics from these analyses provide the largest reference to date of human genetic information relevant to T2D, for use in activities such as T2D-focused genotype imputation, functional characterization of variants or genes, and other novel analyses to detect associations between sequence variation and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flannick Jason
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,
J.F. ()
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tanya M. Teslovich
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vineeta Agarwala
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lizz Caulkins
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan Koesterer
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clement Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Loukas Moutsianas
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Davis J. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuel A. Rivas
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John R. B. Perry
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK,MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xueling Sim
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas W. Blackwell
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Neil R. Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N William Rayner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Pablo Cingolani
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam E. Locke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan Fernandez Tajes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heather M. Highland
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Josee Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter S. Chines
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Hartl
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeroen R. Huyghe
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Martijn van de Bunt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard D. Pearson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany,Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heather M. Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric R. Gamazon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer E. Below
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Min Jin Go
- Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael L. Stitzel
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dorota Pasko
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen C. J. Parker
- Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tibor V. Varga
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Todd Green
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicola L. Beer
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aaron G. Day-Williams
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tasha Fingerlin
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Iksoo Huh
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Kamran Ikram
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,The Eye Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongkang Kim
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Selyeong Lee
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keng-Han Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Taylor J. Maxwell
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Nagai
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xu Wang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ryan P. Welch
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joon Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK,Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, UK
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania—Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania—Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bok-Ghee Han
- Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher P. Jenkinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA,Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alisa Manning
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maggie C. Y. Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA,Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholette D. Palmer
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA,Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm U1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna E. Abboud
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Heiner Boeing
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Omri Gottesman
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - James Scott
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Sciences, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jason Carey
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Phoenix Kwan
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - George Grant
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua D. Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shaun Purcell
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Adam S. Butterworth
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna M. M. Howson
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heung Man Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Soo-Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Danesh
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincent K. L. Lam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wing Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Claudia H. T. Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Uzma Afzal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Aguilar
- Cardiovascular Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rector Arya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,The Eye Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edmund Chan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carmen Navarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain,Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,The Eye Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Regional Academic Health Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio/University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Dennis Rybin
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vidya S. Farook
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sharon P. Fowler
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Griswold
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Daniel Esten Hale
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Pamela J. Hicks
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA,Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Satish Kumar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Regional Academic Health Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio/University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Wei Yen Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marie Loh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK,Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Solomon K. Musani
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sobha Puppala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - William R. Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Loïc Yengo
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille University, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Sian-Tsung Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, UK,National Heart and Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Sciences, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Herman A. Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Farook Thameem
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory Wilson
- College of Public Services, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,The Eye Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pål Rasmus Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jonathan C. Levy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lori L. Bonnycastle
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Schwarzmayr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - João Fadista
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Christian Herder
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Cramer Christensen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Heikki A. Koistinen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex S. F. Doney
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Leena Kinnunen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J. Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liisa Hakaste
- Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dylan Hodgkiss
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jasmina Kravic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Valeri Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mette Hollensted
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark,Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johanne Marie Justesen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annemari Käräjämäki
- Department of Primary Health Care, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland,Diabetes Center, Vaasa Health Care Center, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Jennifer Kriebel
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany,Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torsten Lauritzen
- Department of Public Health, Section of General Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark,Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Matt Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, Genetic Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olov Rolandsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amy Swift
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anders H. Rosengren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kathleen Stirrups
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Andrew R. Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Christine Blancher
- High Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mauricio O. Carneiro
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jared Maguire
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan Poplin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Khalid Shakir
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy Fennell
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark DePristo
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anette P. Gjesing
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Goo Jun
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jacquelyn Murphy
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Onofrio
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christa Meisinger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bo Isomaa
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Social Services and Health Care, Jakobstad, Finland
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annette Peters
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Huth
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephen P O'Rahilly
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colin N. A. Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Foundation for Research in Health, Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Center for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria,Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard M. Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA,Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA,Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard N. Bergman
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Erwin P. Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Giriraj R. Chandak
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Juliana CN Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kathleen A. Jablonski
- The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna M. Lehman
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronald C. W. Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Toni I. Pollin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Manjinder Sandhu
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille University, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France,Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK,Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Kerrin S. Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Janina S. Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralph A. DeFronzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Walker
- The Medical School, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Eric Banks
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany,Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gemma Buck
- High Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseph Trakalo
- High Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Buck
- High Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yossi Farjoun
- Data Sciences and Data Engineering, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katharine R. Owen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna L. Gloyn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaspal Singh Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, UK,National Heart and Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Sciences, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Donnelly
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew D. Morris
- Clinical Research Centre, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK,The Usher Institute to the Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Donald W. Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA,Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA,Department of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - John C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK,Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, UK,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Markku Laakso
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tim M. Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Graeme I. Bell
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Regional Academic Health Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio/University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | | | - E. Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gilean McVean
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Craig L. Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mark Seielstad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - James B. Meigs
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy J. Cox
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rob Sladek
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric S. Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden,Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura J. Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Altshuler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noël P. Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
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Manning A, Highland HM, Gasser J, Sim X, Tukiainen T, Fontanillas P, Grarup N, Rivas MA, Mahajan A, Locke AE, Cingolani P, Pers TH, Viñuela A, Brown AA, Wu Y, Flannick J, Fuchsberger C, Gamazon ER, Gaulton KJ, Im HK, Teslovich TM, Blackwell TW, Bork-Jensen J, Burtt NP, Chen Y, Green T, Hartl C, Kang HM, Kumar A, Ladenvall C, Ma C, Moutsianas L, Pearson RD, Perry JR, Rayner NW, Robertson NR, Scott LJ, van de Bunt M, Eriksson JG, Jula A, Koskinen S, Lehtimäki T, Palotie A, Raitakari OT, Jacobs SB, Wessel J, Chu AY, Scott RA, Goodarzi MO, Blancher C, Buck G, Buck D, Chines PS, Gabriel S, Gjesing AP, Groves CJ, Hollensted M, Huyghe JR, Jackson AU, Jun G, Justesen JM, Mangino M, Murphy J, Neville M, Onofrio R, Small KS, Stringham HM, Trakalo J, Banks E, Carey J, Carneiro MO, DePristo M, Farjoun Y, Fennell T, Goldstein JI, Grant G, Hrabé de Angelis M, Maguire J, Neale BM, Poplin R, Purcell S, Schwarzmayr T, Shakir K, Smith JD, Strom TM, Wieland T, Lindstrom J, Brandslund I, Christensen C, Surdulescu GL, Lakka TA, Doney AS, Nilsson P, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Varga TV, Franks PW, Rolandsson O, Rosengren AH, Farook VS, Thameem F, Puppala S, Kumar S, Lehman DM, Jenkinson CP, Curran JE, Hale DE, Fowler SP, Arya R, DeFronzo RA, Abboud HE, Syvänen AC, Hicks PJ, Palmer ND, Ng MC, Bowden DW, Freedman BI, Esko T, Mägi R, Milani L, Mihailov E, Metspalu A, Narisu N, Kinnunen L, Bonnycastle LL, Swift A, Pasko D, Wood AR, Fadista J, Pollin TI, Barzilai N, Atzmon G, Glaser B, Thorand B, Strauch K, Peters A, Roden M, Müller-Nurasyid M, Liang L, Kriebel J, Illig T, Grallert H, Gieger C, Meisinger C, Lannfelt L, Musani SK, Griswold M, Taylor HA, Wilson G, Correa A, Oksa H, Scott WR, Afzal U, Tan ST, Loh M, Chambers JC, Sehmi J, Kooner JS, Lehne B, Cho YS, Lee JY, Han BG, Käräjämäki A, Qi Q, Qi L, Huang J, Hu FB, Melander O, Orho-Melander M, Below JE, Aguilar D, Wong TY, Liu J, Khor CC, Chia KS, Lim WY, Cheng CY, Chan E, Tai ES, Aung T, Linneberg A, Isomaa B, Meitinger T, Tuomi T, Hakaste L, Kravic J, Jørgensen ME, Lauritzen T, Deloukas P, Stirrups KE, Owen KR, Farmer AJ, Frayling TM, O'Rahilly SP, Walker M, Levy JC, Hodgkiss D, Hattersley AT, Kuulasmaa T, Stančáková A, Barroso I, Bharadwaj D, Chan J, Chandak GR, Daly MJ, Donnelly PJ, Ebrahim SB, Elliott P, Fingerlin T, Froguel P, Hu C, Jia W, Ma RC, McVean G, Park T, Prabhakaran D, Sandhu M, Scott J, Sladek R, Tandon N, Teo YY, Zeggini E, Watanabe RM, Koistinen HA, Kesaniemi YA, Uusitupa M, Spector TD, Salomaa V, Rauramaa R, Palmer CN, Prokopenko I, Morris AD, Bergman RN, Collins FS, Lind L, Ingelsson E, Tuomilehto J, Karpe F, Groop L, Jørgensen T, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Kuusisto J, Abecasis G, Bell GI, Blangero J, Cox NJ, Duggirala R, Seielstad M, Wilson JG, Dupuis J, Ripatti S, Hanis CL, Florez JC, Mohlke KL, Meigs JB, Laakso M, Morris AP, Boehnke M, Altshuler D, McCarthy MI, Gloyn AL, Lindgren CM. A Low-Frequency Inactivating AKT2 Variant Enriched in the Finnish Population Is Associated With Fasting Insulin Levels and Type 2 Diabetes Risk. Diabetes 2017; 66:2019-2032. [PMID: 28341696 PMCID: PMC5482074 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To identify novel coding association signals and facilitate characterization of mechanisms influencing glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes risk, we analyzed 109,215 variants derived from exome array genotyping together with an additional 390,225 variants from exome sequence in up to 39,339 normoglycemic individuals from five ancestry groups. We identified a novel association between the coding variant (p.Pro50Thr) in AKT2 and fasting plasma insulin (FI), a gene in which rare fully penetrant mutations are causal for monogenic glycemic disorders. The low-frequency allele is associated with a 12% increase in FI levels. This variant is present at 1.1% frequency in Finns but virtually absent in individuals from other ancestries. Carriers of the FI-increasing allele had increased 2-h insulin values, decreased insulin sensitivity, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.05). In cellular studies, the AKT2-Thr50 protein exhibited a partial loss of function. We extend the allelic spectrum for coding variants in AKT2 associated with disorders of glucose homeostasis and demonstrate bidirectional effects of variants within the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Manning
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Heather M. Highland
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jessica Gasser
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Xueling Sim
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pierre Fontanillas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- 23andMe, Mountain View, CA
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manuel A. Rivas
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Adam E. Locke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Pablo Cingolani
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tune H. Pers
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Genomics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, U.K
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew A. Brown
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research and KG Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jason Flannick
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Eric R. Gamazon
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Tanya M. Teslovich
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Thomas W. Blackwell
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Noël P. Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Todd Green
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Christopher Hartl
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Clement Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Loukas Moutsianas
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Richard D. Pearson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - John R.B. Perry
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - N. William Rayner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
| | - Neil R. Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Laura J. Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Martijn van de Bunt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jennifer Wessel
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Audrey Y. Chu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christine Blancher
- High-Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Gemma Buck
- High-Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - David Buck
- High-Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Peter S. Chines
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Anette P. Gjesing
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher J. Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Mette Hollensted
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeroen R. Huyghe
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Goo Jun
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Johanne Marie Justesen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - Jacquelyn Murphy
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Matt Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Robert Onofrio
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kerrin S. Small
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - Heather M. Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joseph Trakalo
- High-Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Eric Banks
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jason Carey
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Mark DePristo
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Yossi Farjoun
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Timothy Fennell
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jacqueline I. Goldstein
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - George Grant
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Jared Maguire
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ryan Poplin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Shaun Purcell
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn Institute for Genomics & Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Thomas Schwarzmayr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Khalid Shakir
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Joshua D. Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Tim M. Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jaana Lindstrom
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Cramer Christensen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Timo A. Lakka
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alex S.F. Doney
- Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, U.K
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Tibor V. Varga
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, and Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, and Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olov Rolandsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders H. Rosengren
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vidya S. Farook
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Farook Thameem
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Sobha Puppala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Donna M. Lehman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Christopher P. Jenkinson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Daniel Esten Hale
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Sharon P. Fowler
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Rector Arya
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ralph A. DeFronzo
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Hanna E. Abboud
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pamela J. Hicks
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Nicholette D. Palmer
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Maggie C.Y. Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Narisu Narisu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Leena Kinnunen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lori L. Bonnycastle
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amy Swift
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dorota Pasko
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Andrew R. Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - João Fadista
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Toni I. Pollin
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer Kriebel
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Solomon K. Musani
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Michael Griswold
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Herman A. Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Gregory Wilson
- College of Public Services, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Heikki Oksa
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - William R. Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Uzma Afzal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Sian-Tsung Tan
- Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, U.K
| | - Marie Loh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - John C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, U.K
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Jobanpreet Sehmi
- Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, U.K
| | - Jaspal Singh Kooner
- Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok-Ghee Han
- Center for Genome Science, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Annemari Käräjämäki
- Vaasa Health Care Center, Vaasa, Finland
- Department of Primary Health Care, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Olle Melander
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease–Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jennifer E. Below
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - David Aguilar
- Cardiovascular Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Yen Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edmund Chan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Isomaa
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, Jakobstad, Finland
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jasmina Kravic
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Torsten Lauritzen
- Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
| | - Kathleen E. Stirrups
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Katharine R. Owen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, U.K
| | - Andrew J. Farmer
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Stephen P. O'Rahilly
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, U.K
| | - Jonathan C. Levy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Dylan Hodgkiss
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, U.K
| | | | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Inês Barroso
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Juliana Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Mark J. Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Peter J. Donnelly
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Tasha Fingerlin
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Genomics and Molecular Physiology, CNRS Institut de Biologie de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronald C.W. Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gilean McVean
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Taesung Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Manjinder Sandhu
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - James Scott
- Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Rob Sladek
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
| | - Richard M. Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Diabetes & Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Heikki A. Koistinen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Y. Antero Kesaniemi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Colin N.A. Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, U.K
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Morris
- Division for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, U.K
| | - Richard N. Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Francis S. Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, U.K
| | - Leif Groop
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gonçalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Graeme I. Bell
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Nancy J. Cox
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Mark Seielstad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Josee Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Craig L. Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James B. Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - David Altshuler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, U.K
| | - Anna L. Gloyn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, U.K
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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10
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Babkevich P, Katukuri VM, Fåk B, Rols S, Fennell T, Pajić D, Tanaka H, Pardini T, Singh RRP, Mitrushchenkov A, Yazyev OV, Rønnow HM. Magnetic Excitations and Electronic Interactions in Sr_{2}CuTeO_{6}: A Spin-1/2 Square Lattice Heisenberg Antiferromagnet. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:237203. [PMID: 27982654 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.237203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sr_{2}CuTeO_{6} presents an opportunity for exploring low-dimensional magnetism on a square lattice of S=1/2 Cu^{2+} ions. We employ ab initio multireference configuration interaction calculations to unravel the Cu^{2+} electronic structure and to evaluate exchange interactions in Sr_{2}CuTeO_{6}. The latter results are validated by inelastic neutron scattering using linear spin-wave theory and series-expansion corrections for quantum effects to extract true coupling parameters. Using this methodology, which is quite general, we demonstrate that Sr_{2}CuTeO_{6} is an almost ideal realization of a nearest-neighbor Heisenberg antiferromagnet but with relatively weak coupling of 7.18(5) meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Babkevich
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vamshi M Katukuri
- Chair of Computational Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Fåk
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - S Rols
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - T Fennell
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D Pajić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička cesta 32, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - H Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - T Pardini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R R P Singh
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - A Mitrushchenkov
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, Université Paris-Est, 5 boulevard Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - O V Yazyev
- Chair of Computational Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H M Rønnow
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Lek M, Karczewski KJ, Minikel EV, Samocha KE, Banks E, Fennell T, O'Donnell-Luria AH, Ware JS, Hill AJ, Cummings BB, Tukiainen T, Birnbaum DP, Kosmicki JA, Duncan LE, Estrada K, Zhao F, Zou J, Pierce-Hoffman E, Berghout J, Cooper DN, Deflaux N, DePristo M, Do R, Flannick J, Fromer M, Gauthier L, Goldstein J, Gupta N, Howrigan D, Kiezun A, Kurki MI, Moonshine AL, Natarajan P, Orozco L, Peloso GM, Poplin R, Rivas MA, Ruano-Rubio V, Rose SA, Ruderfer DM, Shakir K, Stenson PD, Stevens C, Thomas BP, Tiao G, Tusie-Luna MT, Weisburd B, Won HH, Yu D, Altshuler DM, Ardissino D, Boehnke M, Danesh J, Donnelly S, Elosua R, Florez JC, Gabriel SB, Getz G, Glatt SJ, Hultman CM, Kathiresan S, Laakso M, McCarroll S, McCarthy MI, McGovern D, McPherson R, Neale BM, Palotie A, Purcell SM, Saleheen D, Scharf JM, Sklar P, Sullivan PF, Tuomilehto J, Tsuang MT, Watkins HC, Wilson JG, Daly MJ, MacArthur DG. Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans. Nature 2016; 536:285-91. [PMID: 27535533 PMCID: PMC5018207 DOI: 10.1038/nature19057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7269] [Impact Index Per Article: 908.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale reference data sets of human genetic variation are critical for the medical and functional interpretation of DNA sequence changes. Here we describe the aggregation and analysis of high-quality exome (protein-coding region) DNA sequence data for 60,706 individuals of diverse ancestries generated as part of the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). This catalogue of human genetic diversity contains an average of one variant every eight bases of the exome, and provides direct evidence for the presence of widespread mutational recurrence. We have used this catalogue to calculate objective metrics of pathogenicity for sequence variants, and to identify genes subject to strong selection against various classes of mutation; identifying 3,230 genes with near-complete depletion of predicted protein-truncating variants, with 72% of these genes having no currently established human disease phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that these data can be used for the efficient filtering of candidate disease-causing variants, and for the discovery of human 'knockout' variants in protein-coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monkol Lek
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Childrens Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Konrad J Karczewski
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric V Minikel
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaitlin E Samocha
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Banks
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Fennell
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne H O'Donnell-Luria
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James S Ware
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK,NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK,MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Hill
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Beryl B Cummings
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel P Birnbaum
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jack A Kosmicki
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laramie E Duncan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karol Estrada
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fengmei Zhao
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James Zou
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emma Pierce-Hoffman
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joanne Berghout
- Mouse Genome Informatics, Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA,Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Mark DePristo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ron Do
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,The Center for Statistical Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Flannick
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Menachem Fromer
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jackie Goldstein
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Namrata Gupta
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Howrigan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam Kiezun
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mitja I Kurki
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen—mica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Poplin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manuel A Rivas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Samuel A Rose
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khalid Shakir
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter D Stenson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Christine Stevens
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brett P Thomas
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Grace Tiao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria T Tusie-Luna
- Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M_dicas y Nutrici—n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ben Weisburd
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University,Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Altshuler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Danesh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stacey Donnelly
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose C Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey B Gabriel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Glatt
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory, State University of New York,Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York,Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York,Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Steven McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Dermot McGovern
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shaun M Purcell
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, , Pakistan
| | - Jeremiah M Scharf
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hugh C Watkins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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12
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Maitra R, Fulp A, Snyder R, Fennell T, Bortoff K, Zhang Y. P-16INHIBITION OF ALCOHOLIC STEATOSIS BY A TYPE 1 CANNABINOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. Alcohol Alcohol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv080.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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13
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Hassler C, Zhang Y, Gilmour B, Graf T, Fennell T, Snyder R, Deschamps J, Reinscheid RK, Garau C, Runyon SP. Identification of neuropeptide S antagonists: structure-activity relationship studies, X-ray crystallography, and in vivo evaluation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:731-44. [PMID: 24964000 PMCID: PMC4140596 DOI: 10.1021/cn500113c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the neuropeptide S (NPS) system has been linked to a variety of CNS disorders such as panic disorder, anxiety, sleeping disorders, asthma, obesity, PTSD, and substance abuse. In this study, a series of diphenyltetrahydro-1H-oxazolo[3,4-α]pyrazin-3(5H)-ones were synthesized and evaluated for antagonist activity at the neuropeptide S receptor. The absolute configuration was determined by chiral resolution of the key synthetic intermediate, followed by analysis of one of the individual enantiomers by X-ray crystallography. The R isomer was then converted to a biologically active compound (34) that had a Ke of 36 nM. The most potent compound displayed enhanced aqueous solubility compared with the prototypical antagonist SHA-68 and demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties for behavioral assessment. In vivo analysis in mice indicated a significant blockade of NPS induced locomotor activity at an ip dose of 50 mg/kg. This suggests that analogs having improved drug-like properties will facilitate more detailed studies of the neuropeptide S receptor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Hassler
- Research
Triangle Institute, Post Office Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Research
Triangle Institute, Post Office Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Brian Gilmour
- Research
Triangle Institute, Post Office Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Tyler Graf
- Research
Triangle Institute, Post Office Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Timothy Fennell
- Research
Triangle Institute, Post Office Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Rodney Snyder
- Research
Triangle Institute, Post Office Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Jeffrey
R. Deschamps
- Center
for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6930, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Rainer K. Reinscheid
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
California, Irvine, 2214
Natural Sciences I, Mail Code: 3958, Irvine, California 92697-3958, United States
| | - Celia Garau
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
California, Irvine, 2214
Natural Sciences I, Mail Code: 3958, Irvine, California 92697-3958, United States
| | - Scott P. Runyon
- Research
Triangle Institute, Post Office Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
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14
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Estrada K, Aukrust I, Bjørkhaug L, Burtt NP, Mercader JM, García-Ortiz H, Huerta-Chagoya A, Moreno-Macías H, Walford G, Flannick J, Williams AL, Gómez-Vázquez MJ, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Martínez-Hernández A, Jiménez-Morales S, Centeno-Cruz F, Mendoza-Caamal E, Revilla-Monsalve C, Islas-Andrade S, Córdova EJ, Soberón X, González-Villalpando ME, Henderson E, Wilkens LR, Le Marchand L, Arellano-Campos O, Ordóñez-Sánchez ML, Rodríguez-Torres M, Rodríguez-Guillén R, Riba L, Najmi LA, Jacobs SBR, Fennell T, Gabriel S, Fontanillas P, Hanis CL, Lehman DM, Jenkinson CP, Abboud HE, Bell GI, Cortes ML, Boehnke M, González-Villalpando C, Orozco L, Haiman CA, Tusié-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Altshuler D, Njølstad PR, Florez JC, MacArthur DG. Association of a low-frequency variant in HNF1A with type 2 diabetes in a Latino population. JAMA 2014; 311:2305-14. [PMID: 24915262 PMCID: PMC4425850 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.6511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Latino populations have one of the highest prevalences of type 2 diabetes worldwide. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between rare protein-coding genetic variants and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in a large Latino population and to explore potential molecular and physiological mechanisms for the observed relationships. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Whole-exome sequencing was performed on DNA samples from 3756 Mexican and US Latino individuals (1794 with type 2 diabetes and 1962 without diabetes) recruited from 1993 to 2013. One variant was further tested for allele frequency and association with type 2 diabetes in large multiethnic data sets of 14,276 participants and characterized in experimental assays. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES Prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Secondary outcomes included age of onset, body mass index, and effect on protein function. RESULTS A single rare missense variant (c.1522G>A [p.E508K]) was associated with type 2 diabetes prevalence (odds ratio [OR], 5.48; 95% CI, 2.83-10.61; P = 4.4 × 10(-7)) in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-α (HNF1A), the gene responsible for maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3). This variant was observed in 0.36% of participants without type 2 diabetes and 2.1% of participants with it. In multiethnic replication data sets, the p.E508K variant was seen only in Latino patients (n = 1443 with type 2 diabetes and 1673 without it) and was associated with type 2 diabetes (OR, 4.16; 95% CI, 1.75-9.92; P = .0013). In experimental assays, HNF-1A protein encoding the p.E508K mutant demonstrated reduced transactivation activity of its target promoter compared with a wild-type protein. In our data, carriers and noncarriers of the p.E508K mutation with type 2 diabetes had no significant differences in compared clinical characteristics, including age at onset. The mean (SD) age for carriers was 45.3 years (11.2) vs 47.5 years (11.5) for noncarriers (P = .49) and the mean (SD) BMI for carriers was 28.2 (5.5) vs 29.3 (5.3) for noncarriers (P = .19). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a single low-frequency variant in the MODY3-causing gene HNF1A that is associated with type 2 diabetes in Latino populations and may affect protein function. This finding may have implications for screening and therapeutic modification in this population, but additional studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karol Estrada
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts2Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston3Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ingvild Aukrust
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway6Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Bjørkhaug
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway5Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Noël P Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts7Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston8Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Prog
| | | | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, UNAM/INCMNSZ, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Geoffrey Walford
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts7Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Jason Flannick
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts13Department of Molecular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy L Williams
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts14Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - María J Gómez-Vázquez
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Revilla-Monsalve
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Metabólicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City
| | - Sergio Islas-Andrade
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Metabólicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City
| | - Emilio J Córdova
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xavier Soberón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María E González-Villalpando
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu
| | - Olimpia Arellano-Campos
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria L Ordóñez-Sánchez
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maribel Rodríguez-Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosario Rodríguez-Guillén
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Riba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, UNAM/INCMNSZ, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laeya A Najmi
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway23Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Suzanne B R Jacobs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy Fennell
- The Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- The Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Pierre Fontanillas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Craig L Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Donna M Lehman
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | | | - Hanna E Abboud
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Graeme I Bell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois28Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maria L Cortes
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Clicerio González-Villalpando
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, UNAM/INCMNSZ, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico17Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Altshuler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts3Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts7Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit)
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway5Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jose C Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts3Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts7Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit)
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts3Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Flannick J, Thorleifsson G, Beer NL, Jacobs SBR, Grarup N, Burtt NP, Mahajan A, Fuchsberger C, Atzmon G, Benediktsson R, Blangero J, Bowden DW, Brandslund I, Brosnan J, Burslem F, Chambers J, Cho YS, Christensen C, Douglas DA, Duggirala R, Dymek Z, Farjoun Y, Fennell T, Fontanillas P, Forsén T, Gabriel S, Glaser B, Gudbjartsson DF, Hanis C, Hansen T, Hreidarsson AB, Hveem K, Ingelsson E, Isomaa B, Johansson S, Jørgensen T, Jørgensen ME, Kathiresan S, Kong A, Kooner J, Kravic J, Laakso M, Lee JY, Lind L, Lindgren CM, Linneberg A, Masson G, Meitinger T, Mohlke KL, Molven A, Morris AP, Potluri S, Rauramaa R, Ribel-Madsen R, Richard AM, Rolph T, Salomaa V, Segrè AV, Skärstrand H, Steinthorsdottir V, Stringham HM, Sulem P, Tai ES, Teo YY, Teslovich T, Thorsteinsdottir U, Trimmer JK, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Vaziri-Sani F, Voight BF, Wilson JG, Boehnke M, McCarthy MI, Njølstad PR, Pedersen O, Groop L, Cox DR, Stefansson K, Altshuler D. Loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A8 protect against type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet 2014; 46:357-63. [PMID: 24584071 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations protective against human disease provide in vivo validation of therapeutic targets, but none have yet been described for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Through sequencing or genotyping of ~150,000 individuals across 5 ancestry groups, we identified 12 rare protein-truncating variants in SLC30A8, which encodes an islet zinc transporter (ZnT8) and harbors a common variant (p.Trp325Arg) associated with T2D risk and glucose and proinsulin levels. Collectively, carriers of protein-truncating variants had 65% reduced T2D risk (P = 1.7 × 10(-6)), and non-diabetic Icelandic carriers of a frameshift variant (p.Lys34Serfs*50) demonstrated reduced glucose levels (-0.17 s.d., P = 4.6 × 10(-4)). The two most common protein-truncating variants (p.Arg138* and p.Lys34Serfs*50) individually associate with T2D protection and encode unstable ZnT8 proteins. Previous functional study of SLC30A8 suggested that reduced zinc transport increases T2D risk, and phenotypic heterogeneity was observed in mouse Slc30a8 knockouts. In contrast, loss-of-function mutations in humans provide strong evidence that SLC30A8 haploinsufficiency protects against T2D, suggesting ZnT8 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in T2D prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Flannick
- 1] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Nicola L Beer
- 1] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suzanne B R Jacobs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Noël P Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- 1] Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. [2] Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rafn Benediktsson
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Don W Bowden
- 1] Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. [2] Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. [3] Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. [4] Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- 1] Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark. [2] Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Julia Brosnan
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank Burslem
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Practice, Prescient Life Sciences, London, UK
| | - John Chambers
- 1] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK. [2] Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, UK. [3] Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Cramer Christensen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Desirée A Douglas
- Unit of Diabetes and Celiac Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Zachary Dymek
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yossi Farjoun
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy Fennell
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pierre Fontanillas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tom Forsén
- 1] Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Diabetes Care Unit, Vaasa Health Care Centre, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- 1] Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. [2] Israel Diabetes Research Group (IDRG), Holon, Israel
| | | | - Craig Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Torben Hansen
- 1] Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. [2] Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Astradur B Hreidarsson
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- 1] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [2] Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Isomaa
- 1] Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Social Services and Health Care, Jakobstad, Finland
| | - Stefan Johansson
- 1] KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [2] Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. [3] Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- 1] Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark. [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. [3] Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Sekar Kathiresan
- 1] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jaspal Kooner
- 1] Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, UK. [2] Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK. [3] National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jasmina Kravic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- 1] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- 1] Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark. [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. [3] Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anders Molven
- 1] KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [2] Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [3] Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrew P Morris
- 1] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [2] Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shobha Potluri
- Applied Quantitative Genotherapeutics, Pfizer, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- 1] Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland. [2] Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rasmus Ribel-Madsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann-Marie Richard
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tim Rolph
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ayellet V Segrè
- 1] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanna Skärstrand
- Unit of Diabetes and Celiac Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Heather M Stringham
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - E Shyong Tai
- 1] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. [2] Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. [3] Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- 1] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. [2] Centre for Molecular Epidemiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore. [3] Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore. [4] Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore. [5] Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tanya Teslovich
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- 1] deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Jeff K Trimmer
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- 1] Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- 1] Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria. [2] Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. [3] Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fariba Vaziri-Sani
- Unit of Diabetes and Celiac Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- 1] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. [3] Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- 1] Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [3] Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- 1] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [3] Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Leif Groop
- 1] Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden. [2] Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David R Cox
- Applied Quantitative Genotherapeutics, Pfizer, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- 1] deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - David Altshuler
- 1] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [5] Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [6] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [7] Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Fennell T, Kenzelmann M, Roessli B, Mutka H, Ollivier J, Ruminy M, Stuhr U, Zaharko O, Bovo L, Cervellino A, Haas MK, Cava RJ. Magnetoelastic excitations in the pyrochlore spin liquid Tb2Ti2O7. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:017203. [PMID: 24483925 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.017203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
At low temperatures, Tb2Ti2O7 enters a spin liquid state, despite expectations of magnetic order and/or a structural distortion. Using neutron scattering, we have discovered that in this spin liquid state an excited crystal field level is coupled to a transverse acoustic phonon, forming a hybrid excitation. Magnetic and phononlike branches with identical dispersion relations can be identified, and the hybridization vanishes in the paramagnetic state. We suggest that Tb2Ti2O7 is aptly named a "magnetoelastic spin liquid" and that the hybridization of the excitations suppresses both magnetic ordering and the structural distortion. The spin liquid phase of Tb2Ti2O7 can now be regarded as a Coulomb phase with propagating bosonic spin excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fennell
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Kenzelmann
- Laboratory for Developments and Methods, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - B Roessli
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - H Mutka
- Institut Laue Langevin, BP 156, 6, rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - J Ollivier
- Institut Laue Langevin, BP 156, 6, rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M Ruminy
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - U Stuhr
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - O Zaharko
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - L Bovo
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - A Cervellino
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M K Haas
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - R J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
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17
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Calder S, Giblin SR, Parker DR, Deen PP, Ritter C, Stewart JR, Rols S, Fennell T. Neutron scattering and μSR investigations of the low temperature state of LuCuGaO₄. J Phys Condens Matter 2013; 25:356002. [PMID: 23917326 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/35/356002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
LuCuGaO₄ has magnetic Cu(2+) and diamagnetic Ga(3+) ions distributed on a triangular bilayer and is suggested to undergo a spin glass transition at Tg ∼ 0.4 K. Using μSR (muon spin rotation) and neutron scattering measurements, we show that at low temperature the spins form a short range correlated state with spin fluctuations detectable over a wide range of timescales: at 0.05 K magnetic fluctuations can be detected in both the μSR time window and also extending beyond 7 meV in the inelastic neutron scattering response, indicating magnetic fluctuations spanning timescales between ∼10(-5) and ∼10(-10) s. The dynamical susceptibility scales according to the form χ″(ω)T(α), with α = 1, throughout the measured temperature range (0.05-50 K). These effects are associated with quantum fluctuations and some degree of structural disorder in ostensibly quite different materials, including certain heavy fermion alloys, kagome spin liquids, quantum spin glasses, and valence bond glasses. We therefore suggest that LuCuGaO₄ is an interesting model compound for the further examination of disorder and quantum magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Calder
- Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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18
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Lawrence MS, Stojanov P, Polak P, Kryukov GV, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, Carter SL, Stewart C, Mermel CH, Roberts SA, Kiezun A, Hammerman PS, McKenna A, Drier Y, Zou L, Ramos AH, Pugh TJ, Stransky N, Helman E, Kim J, Sougnez C, Ambrogio L, Nickerson E, Shefler E, Cortés ML, Auclair D, Saksena G, Voet D, Noble M, DiCara D, Lin P, Lichtenstein L, Heiman DI, Fennell T, Imielinski M, Hernandez B, Hodis E, Baca S, Dulak AM, Lohr J, Landau DA, Wu CJ, Melendez-Zajgla J, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Koren A, McCarroll SA, Mora J, Crompton B, Onofrio R, Parkin M, Winckler W, Ardlie K, Gabriel SB, Roberts CWM, Biegel JA, Stegmaier K, Bass AJ, Garraway LA, Meyerson M, Golub TR, Gordenin DA, Sunyaev S, Lander ES, Getz G. Mutational heterogeneity in cancer and the search for new cancer-associated genes. Nature 2013. [PMID: 23770567 DOI: 10.1038/nature12213.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Major international projects are underway that are aimed at creating a comprehensive catalogue of all the genes responsible for the initiation and progression of cancer. These studies involve the sequencing of matched tumour-normal samples followed by mathematical analysis to identify those genes in which mutations occur more frequently than expected by random chance. Here we describe a fundamental problem with cancer genome studies: as the sample size increases, the list of putatively significant genes produced by current analytical methods burgeons into the hundreds. The list includes many implausible genes (such as those encoding olfactory receptors and the muscle protein titin), suggesting extensive false-positive findings that overshadow true driver events. We show that this problem stems largely from mutational heterogeneity and provide a novel analytical methodology, MutSigCV, for resolving the problem. We apply MutSigCV to exome sequences from 3,083 tumour-normal pairs and discover extraordinary variation in mutation frequency and spectrum within cancer types, which sheds light on mutational processes and disease aetiology, and in mutation frequency across the genome, which is strongly correlated with DNA replication timing and also with transcriptional activity. By incorporating mutational heterogeneity into the analyses, MutSigCV is able to eliminate most of the apparent artefactual findings and enable the identification of genes truly associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petar Stojanov
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Paz Polak
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gregory V Kryukov
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Scott L Carter
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Chip Stewart
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Craig H Mermel
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven A Roberts
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Adam Kiezun
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Aaron McKenna
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Yotam Drier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.,Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Lihua Zou
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Alex H Ramos
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nicolas Stransky
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Elena Helman
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jaegil Kim
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Carrie Sougnez
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Lauren Ambrogio
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | | | - Erica Shefler
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Maria L Cortés
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Daniel Auclair
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Gordon Saksena
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Douglas Voet
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Michael Noble
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Daniel DiCara
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Lee Lichtenstein
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - David I Heiman
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Timothy Fennell
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Marcin Imielinski
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Bryan Hernandez
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Eran Hodis
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sylvan Baca
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Austin M Dulak
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jens Lohr
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Dan-Avi Landau
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, New Haven, CT
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Amnon Koren
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jaume Mora
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brian Crompton
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert Onofrio
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Melissa Parkin
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Wendy Winckler
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Kristin Ardlie
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Stacey B Gabriel
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adam J Bass
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Levi A Garraway
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Dmitry A Gordenin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Shamil Sunyaev
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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19
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Adiconis X, Borges-Rivera D, Satija R, DeLuca DS, Busby MA, Berlin AM, Sivachenko A, Thompson DA, Wysoker A, Fennell T, Gnirke A, Pochet N, Regev A, Levin JZ. Comparative analysis of RNA sequencing methods for degraded or low-input samples. Nat Methods 2013. [PMID: 23685885 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
RNA-seq is an effective method for studying the transcriptome, but it can be difficult to apply to scarce or degraded RNA from fixed clinical samples, rare cell populations or cadavers. Recent studies have proposed several methods for RNA-seq of low-quality and/or low-quantity samples, but the relative merits of these methods have not been systematically analyzed. Here we compare five such methods using metrics relevant to transcriptome annotation, transcript discovery and gene expression. Using a single human RNA sample, we constructed and sequenced ten libraries with these methods and compared them against two control libraries. We found that the RNase H method performed best for chemically fragmented, low-quality RNA, and we confirmed this through analysis of actual degraded samples. RNase H can even effectively replace oligo(dT)-based methods for standard RNA-seq. SMART and NuGEN had distinct strengths for measuring low-quantity RNA. Our analysis allows biologists to select the most suitable methods and provides a benchmark for future method development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Adiconis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Fennell T, Kenzelmann M, Roessli B, Haas MK, Cava RJ. Power-law spin correlations in the pyrochlore antiferromagnet Tb(2)Ti(2)O(7). Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:017201. [PMID: 23031127 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.017201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the low-temperature state of the rare-earth pyrochlore Tb(2)Ti(2)O(7) using polarized neutron scattering. Tb(2)Ti(2)O(7) is often described as an antiferromagnetic spin liquid with spin correlations extending over lengths comparable to individual tetrahedra of the pyrochlore lattice. We confirm this picture at 20 K but find that at 0.05 K the data contain evidence of pinch-point scattering, suggesting that the low temperature state of Tb(2)Ti(2)O(7) has power-law spin correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fennell
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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21
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Berger MF, Hodis E, Heffernan TP, Deribe YL, Lawrence MS, Protopopov A, Ivanova E, Watson IR, Nickerson E, Ghosh P, Zhang H, Zeid R, Ren X, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko AY, Wagle N, Sucker A, Sougnez C, Onofrio R, Ambrogio L, Auclair D, Fennell T, Carter SL, Drier Y, Stojanov P, Singer MA, Voet D, Jing R, Saksena G, Barretina J, Ramos AH, Pugh TJ, Stransky N, Parkin M, Winckler W, Mahan S, Ardlie K, Baldwin J, Wargo J, Schadendorf D, Meyerson M, Gabriel SB, Golub TR, Wagner SN, Lander ES, Getz G, Chin L, Garraway LA. Melanoma genome sequencing reveals frequent PREX2 mutations. Nature 2012; 485:502-6. [PMID: 22622578 PMCID: PMC3367798 DOI: 10.1038/nature11071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is notable for its metastatic propensity, lethality in the advanced setting, and association with ultraviolet (UV) exposure early in life1. To obtain a comprehensive genomic view of melanoma, we sequenced the genomes of 25 metastatic melanomas and matched germline DNA. A wide range of point mutation rates was observed: lowest in melanomas whose primaries arose on non-UV exposed hairless skin of the extremities (3 and 14 per Mb genome), intermediate in those originating from hair-bearing skin of the trunk (range = 5 to 55 per Mb), and highest in a patient with a documented history of chronic sun exposure (111 per Mb). Analysis of whole-genome sequence data identified PREX2 - a PTEN-interacting protein and negative regulator of PTEN in breast cancer2 - as a significantly mutated gene with a mutation frequency of approximately 14% in an independent extension cohort of 107 human melanomas. PREX2 mutations are biologically relevant, as ectopic expression of mutant PREX2 accelerated tumor formation of immortalized human melanocytes in vivo. Thus, whole-genome sequencing of human melanoma tumors revealed genomic evidence of UV pathogenesis and discovered a new recurrently mutated gene in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Berger
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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22
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DeLuca DS, Levin JZ, Sivachenko A, Fennell T, Nazaire MD, Williams C, Reich M, Winckler W, Getz G. RNA-SeQC: RNA-seq metrics for quality control and process optimization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 28:1530-2. [PMID: 22539670 PMCID: PMC3356847 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED RNA-seq, the application of next-generation sequencing to RNA, provides transcriptome-wide characterization of cellular activity. Assessment of sequencing performance and library quality is critical to the interpretation of RNA-seq data, yet few tools exist to address this issue. We introduce RNA-SeQC, a program which provides key measures of data quality. These metrics include yield, alignment and duplication rates; GC bias, rRNA content, regions of alignment (exon, intron and intragenic), continuity of coverage, 3'/5' bias and count of detectable transcripts, among others. The software provides multi-sample evaluation of library construction protocols, input materials and other experimental parameters. The modularity of the software enables pipeline integration and the routine monitoring of key measures of data quality such as the number of alignable reads, duplication rates and rRNA contamination. RNA-SeQC allows investigators to make informed decisions about sample inclusion in downstream analysis. In summary, RNA-SeQC provides quality control measures critical to experiment design, process optimization and downstream computational analysis. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION See www.genepattern.org to run online, or www.broadinstitute.org/rna-seqc/ for a command line tool.
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23
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Hodis E, Watson I, Theurillat JP, Zou L, Place C, Nickerson E, Auclair D, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, Kryukov G, Stransky N, Ramos AH, Voet D, Lawrence MS, Stojanov P, Saksena G, McKenna A, Carter SL, Pugh T, Noble M, Lin P, Lichtenstein L, Zupko R, Sougnez C, Guiducci C, Onofrio RC, Ambrogio L, Fennell T, Chong K, Winckler W, Ardlie K, Lander ES, Golub T, Meyerson M, Gabriel SB, Getz G, Wagner S, Schadendorf D, Hoon DSB, Chin L, Garraway LA. Abstract 5056: A glimpse into the somatic mutation landscape of melanoma through exome sequencing of 121 tumor-normal pairs. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer of melanocytic origin characterized by high metastatic potential and mutation rate. Affording a survey of the wide breadth of genomic lesions found in melanoma, we present here an analysis of the somatic mutations discovered in the sequenced exomes of 121 melanoma tumor-normal pairs. We identify frequent genomic alterations both in genes previously implicated in melanoma (BRAF, NRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, PTEN) as well as in several genes whose role in melanoma tumorigenesis has not yet been established and thus are of particular interest. To do so we implement a novel method to increase the identification of genes that are significantly recurrently mutated in melanoma in the setting of its exceptionally high mutation rate. A preponderance of C>T transitions (∼85%) in the observed mutational profile reflects a history of DNA damage due to UV radiation, though the majority of somatic mutations in known melanoma genes are not C>T events. Our study broadens understanding of the genomic lesions involved in melanoma tumorigenesis, and we expect our analysis approach to inform future genomic studies of cancer lineages with similarly high mutation rates.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5056. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5056
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Hodis
- 1The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | - Lihua Zou
- 1The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex H. Ramos
- 1The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Douglas Voet
- 1The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | - Aaron McKenna
- 1The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Trevor Pugh
- 1The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Michael Noble
- 1The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Pei Lin
- 1The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Robert Zupko
- 1The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Todd Golub
- 1The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | - Gad Getz
- 1The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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24
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Fennell T, Watson S, Snyder R, Jeffcoat R, Waidyanatha S. Disposition and metabolism of N,N-dimethylacetoacetamide in male F344 and Wistar-Han rats and female B6C3F1 mice. Xenobiotica 2011; 41:1013-1020. [PMID: 21819270 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.599444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
N,N-dimethylacetoacetamide (DMAAm) is a β-dicarbonyl compound used as an industrial intermediate. This study investigated the disposition and metabolism of [¹⁴C]DMAAm in male rats and female mice. A single oral dose of [¹⁴C]DMAAm (target dose of 10 or 130 mg/kg) was administered to male F344 and Wistar-Han rats. [¹⁴C]DMAAm was almost completely absorbed and excreted in urine, with ca. 80-90% of the dose recovered within 24 h for both rat strains. Fecal excretion and CO₂ exhalation were minimal (1 and 2%, respectively). Less than 3% of the dose remained in tissues at 24 h. There was no apparent dose- or strain-related difference in the disposition of [¹⁴C]DMAAm in rats. In female B6C3F1 mice administered 8 mg/kg [¹⁴C]DMAAm, 80% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in urine and cage rinse in 24 h. Urinary metabolites were isolated and characterized by liquid chromatography /mass spectrometry following oral administration of 435 mg/kg [(¹⁴C]DMAAm in male F344 rats. Metabolism occurred via reduction of the 3-keto group and oxidation of the N-methyl groups, to give N,N-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutanamide, N-methyl-N-hydroxymethyl-3-hydroxybutanamide, and N-hydroxymethyl-3-hydroxybutanamide, and N-demethylation to give N-monomethylacetoacetamide (MMAAm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Fennell
- RTI International , Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
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25
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Melnikov A, Galinsky K, Rogov P, Fennell T, Van Tyne D, Russ C, Daniels R, Barnes KG, Bochicchio J, Ndiaye D, Sene PD, Wirth DF, Nusbaum C, Volkman SK, Birren BW, Gnirke A, Neafsey DE. Hybrid selection for sequencing pathogen genomes from clinical samples. Genome Biol 2011; 12:R73. [PMID: 21835008 PMCID: PMC3245613 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2011-12-8-r73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We have adapted a solution hybrid selection protocol to enrich pathogen DNA in clinical samples dominated by human genetic material. Using mock mixtures of human and Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite DNA as well as clinical samples from infected patients, we demonstrate an average of approximately 40-fold enrichment of parasite DNA after hybrid selection. This approach will enable efficient genome sequencing of pathogens from clinical samples, as well as sequencing of endosymbiotic organisms such as Wolbachia that live inside diverse metazoan phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Melnikov
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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26
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Abstract
Spangolite, Cu(6)Al(SO(4))(OH)(12)Cl·3H(2)O, is a hydrated layered copper sulfate mineral. The Cu(2+) ions of each layer form a systematically depleted triangular lattice which approximates a maple leaf lattice. We present details of the crystal structure, which suggest that in spangolite this lattice actually comprises two species of edge linked trimers with different exchange parameters. However, magnetic susceptibility measurements show that despite the structural trimers, the magnetic properties are dominated by dimerization. The high temperature magnetic moment is strongly reduced below that expected for the six s = 1/2 in the unit cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fennell
- Institut Laue Langevin, BP 156, 6, rue Jules Horowitz, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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27
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Berger MF, Lawrence MS, Demichelis F, Drier Y, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko AY, Sboner A, Esgueva R, Pflueger D, Sougnez C, Onofrio R, Carter SL, Park K, Habegger L, Ambrogio L, Fennell T, Parkin M, Saksena G, Voet D, Ramos AH, Pugh TJ, Wilkinson J, Fisher S, Winckler W, Mahan S, Ardlie K, Baldwin J, Simons JW, Kitabayashi N, MacDonald TY, Kantoff PW, Chin L, Gabriel SB, Gerstein MB, Golub TR, Meyerson M, Tewari A, Lander ES, Getz G, Rubin MA, Garraway LA. The genomic complexity of primary human prostate cancer. Nature 2011; 470:214-20. [PMID: 21307934 PMCID: PMC3075885 DOI: 10.1038/nature09744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 949] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of male cancer deaths in the United States. However, the full range of prostate cancer genomic alterations is incompletely characterized. Here we present the complete sequence of seven primary human prostate cancers and their paired normal counterparts. Several tumours contained complex chains of balanced (that is, 'copy-neutral') rearrangements that occurred within or adjacent to known cancer genes. Rearrangement breakpoints were enriched near open chromatin, androgen receptor and ERG DNA binding sites in the setting of the ETS gene fusion TMPRSS2-ERG, but inversely correlated with these regions in tumours lacking ETS fusions. This observation suggests a link between chromatin or transcriptional regulation and the genesis of genomic aberrations. Three tumours contained rearrangements that disrupted CADM2, and four harboured events disrupting either PTEN (unbalanced events), a prostate tumour suppressor, or MAGI2 (balanced events), a PTEN interacting protein not previously implicated in prostate tumorigenesis. Thus, genomic rearrangements may arise from transcriptional or chromatin aberrancies and engage prostate tumorigenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Berger
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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28
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Aird D, Ross MG, Chen WS, Danielsson M, Fennell T, Russ C, Jaffe DB, Nusbaum C, Gnirke A. Analyzing and minimizing PCR amplification bias in Illumina sequencing libraries. Genome Biol 2011; 12:R18. [PMID: 21338519 PMCID: PMC3188800 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2011-12-2-r18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 735] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the ever-increasing output of Illumina sequencing data, loci with extreme base compositions are often under-represented or absent. To evaluate sources of base-composition bias, we traced genomic sequences ranging from 6% to 90% GC through the process by quantitative PCR. We identified PCR during library preparation as a principal source of bias and optimized the conditions. Our improved protocol significantly reduces amplification bias and minimizes the previously severe effects of PCR instrument and temperature ramp rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aird
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
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29
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Aird D, Ross MG, Chen WS, Danielsson M, Fennell T, Russ C, Jaffe DB, Nusbaum C, Gnirke A. Analyzing and minimizing PCR amplification bias in Illumina sequencing libraries. Genome Biol 2011. [PMID: 21338519 DOI: 10.1186/1465-6906-12-s1-i18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the ever-increasing output of Illumina sequencing data, loci with extreme base compositions are often under-represented or absent. To evaluate sources of base-composition bias, we traced genomic sequences ranging from 6% to 90% GC through the process by quantitative PCR. We identified PCR during library preparation as a principal source of bias and optimized the conditions. Our improved protocol significantly reduces amplification bias and minimizes the previously severe effects of PCR instrument and temperature ramp rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aird
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
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30
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Reid R, Muslimani A, Downing L, Wills SM, Fennell T, Marples B, Decker D. Expression of CD24 and CD44 tumor cells in breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant therapy. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e21051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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31
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Berger MF, Lawrence MS, Cibulskis K, Pflueger D, Demichelis F, Sougnez C, Onofrio RC, Ambrogio L, Fennell T, Parkin M, Carter SL, Saksena G, Sivachenko A, Voet D, Wilkinson J, Fisher S, Winckler W, Ardlie K, Chant J, Baldwin J, Gerstein M, Golub TR, Meyerson M, Tewari AK, Gabriel SB, Lander ES, Getz G, Rubin MA, Garraway LA. Abstract 1139: Complete characterization of prostate cancer genomes by massively parallel sequencing. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer diagnosed among men in the United States, accounting for 200,000 new cases and 27,000 deaths per year. Prior genetic studies have shown that chromosomal rearrangements comprise a major mechanism of oncogene activation in prostate cancer. For example, androgen-regulated gene fusions involving ETS family transcription factors are present in the majority of prostate cancers, yet the full repertoire of genomic alterations driving prostate carcinogenesis and progression remains unknown. Toward this end, recent technological advances have made it possible to characterize the full complement of somatic mutations in a single tumor through whole genome sequencing.
We are using massively parallel sequencing technology to characterize the complete genomes of several primary prostate adenocarcinomas at >30x coverage. All samples are high-grade primary tumors (Gleason grade 7 to 9) and include cases with and without known ETS family translocations. For each tumor, we are also obtaining >30x sequence coverage of matched normal DNA from blood of these same patients in order to determine the somatic component of the overall variation we observe. Our results indicate that translocations and other chromosomal rearrangements occur frequently in prostate cancer, at a rate of >100 per genome. Further, we have discovered many nonsynonymous sequence mutations (point mutations and indels) in each tumor, some of which may represent novel candidate drivers of tumor progression. The overall rate of somatic point mutations is approximately 1 per Megabase. Integrated analysis of all genomes reveals both recurrent and private alterations. Together, these results illuminate potential avenues for target discovery and demonstrate the unparalleled value in performing complete genome sequencing in this malignancy.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1139.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gad Getz
- 1The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
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32
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Calder S, Fennell T, Kockelmann W, Lau GC, Cava RJ, Bramwell ST. Neutron scattering and crystal field studies of the rare earth double perovskite Ba2ErSbO6. J Phys Condens Matter 2010; 22:116007. [PMID: 21389482 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/11/116007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The rare earth double perovskite Ba(2)ErSbO(6) contains an ordered face-centred cubic lattice of Er(3+) ions, suggesting that this material is a candidate for showing the effects of geometric magnetic frustration. Crystal field effects have also been shown to be important in this series. We report a systematic experimental study involving neutron scattering and bulk measurements that show no evidence of long ranged magnetic order or spin glass freezing down to 70 mK. A description of the system in terms of a crystal field scheme is established from inelastic neutron scattering. These measurements rule out significant magnetic coupling and show that all observed properties are fully explained by a model of uncoupled magnetic Er(3+) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Calder
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UK.
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33
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Sumner S, Snyder R, Burgess J, Myers C, Tyl R, Sloan C, Fennell T. Metabolomics in the assessment of chemical-induced reproductive and developmental outcomes using non-invasive biological fluids: application to the study of butylbenzyl phthalate. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 29:703-14. [PMID: 19731247 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the use of metabolomics for improving our ability to draw correlations between early life exposures and reproductive and/or developmental outcomes. Pregnant CD rats were exposed by gavage daily during gestation to vehicle or to butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) in vehicle at a level known to induce effects in the offspring and at a level previously not shown to induce effects. Urine was collected for 24 h (on dry ice using all glass metabolism chambers) from dams on gestational day 18 (during exposure) and on post natal day (pnd) 21, and from pnd 25 pups. Traditional phenotypic anchors were measured in pups (between pnd 0 and pnd 26). Metabolomics of urine collected from dams exposed to vehicle or BBP exhibited different patterns for endogenous metabolites. Even three weeks after gestational exposure, metabolic profiles of endogenous compounds in urine could differentiate dams that received the vehicle, low dose or high dose of BBP. Metabolic profiles could differentiate male from female pups, pups born to dams receiving the vehicle, low or high BBP dose, and pups with observable adverse reproductive effects from pups with no observed effects. Metabolites significant to the separation of dose groups and their relationship with effects measured in the study were mapped to biochemical pathways for determining mechanistic relevance. The application of metabolomics to understanding the mechanistic link between low levels of environmental exposure and disease/dysfunction holds huge promise, because this technology is ideal for the analysis of biological fluids in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sumner
- Health Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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34
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Dalle-Ferrier C, Simon S, Zheng W, Badrinarayanan P, Fennell T, Frick B, Zanotti JM, Alba-Simionesco C. Consequence of excess configurational entropy on fragility: the case of a polymer-oligomer blend. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:185702. [PMID: 19905814 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.185702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
By taking advantage of the molecular weight dependence of the glass transition of polymers and their ability to form perfectly miscible blends, we propose a way to modify the fragility of a system, from fragile to strong, keeping the same glass properties, i.e., vibrational density of states, mean-square displacement, and local structure. Both slow and fast dynamics are investigated by calorimetry and neutron scattering in an athermal polystyrene-oligomer blend, and compared to those of a pure 17-mer polystyrene considered to be a reference, of the same Tg. Whereas the blend and the pure 17-mer have the same heat capacity in the glass and in the liquid, their fragilities differ strongly. Thus, the difference in fragility is related to an extra configurational entropy created by the mixing process and acting at a scale much larger than the interchain distance, without affecting the fast dynamics and the structure of the glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dalle-Ferrier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, Bâtiment 349, Université, Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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35
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Levin JZ, Berger MF, Adiconis X, Rogov P, Melnikov A, Fennell T, Nusbaum C, Garraway LA, Gnirke A. Targeted next-generation sequencing of a cancer transcriptome enhances detection of sequence variants and novel fusion transcripts. Genome Biol 2009; 10:R115. [PMID: 19835606 PMCID: PMC2784330 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2009-10-10-r115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted RNA-Seq combines next-generation sequencing with capture of sequences from a relevant subset of a transcriptome. When testing by capturing sequences from a tumor cDNA library by hybridization to oligonucleotide probes specific for 467 cancer-related genes, this method showed high selectivity, improved mutation detection enabling discovery of novel chimeric transcripts, and provided RNA expression data. Thus, targeted RNA-Seq produces an enhanced view of the molecular state of a set of "high interest" genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Z Levin
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Michael F Berger
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 5 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xian Adiconis
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Peter Rogov
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Alexandre Melnikov
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Timothy Fennell
- Sequencing Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Chad Nusbaum
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Levi A Garraway
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 5 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andreas Gnirke
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
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36
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Fennell T, Deen PP, Wildes AR, Schmalzl K, Prabhakaran D, Boothroyd AT, Aldus RJ, McMorrow DF, Bramwell ST. Magnetic Coulomb phase in the spin ice Ho2Ti2O7. Science 2009; 326:415-7. [PMID: 19729619 DOI: 10.1126/science.1177582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Spin-ice materials are magnetic substances in which the spin directions map onto hydrogen positions in water ice. Their low-temperature magnetic state has been predicted to be a phase that obeys a Gauss' law and supports magnetic monopole excitations: in short, a Coulomb phase. We used polarized neutron scattering to show that the spin-ice material Ho2Ti2O7 exhibits an almost perfect Coulomb phase. Our result proves the existence of such phases in magnetic materials and strongly supports the magnetic monopole theory of spin ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fennell
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble 38042, France.
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Comstock CH, Lee W, Bronsteen RA, Fennell T. Rupture of the fetal abdomen in prune belly syndrome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 33:487-488. [PMID: 19306470 DOI: 10.1002/uog.6341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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38
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Gnirke A, Melnikov A, Maguire J, Rogov P, LeProust EM, Brockman W, Fennell T, Giannoukos G, Fisher S, Russ C, Gabriel S, Jaffe DB, Lander ES, Nusbaum C. Solution hybrid selection with ultra-long oligonucleotides for massively parallel targeted sequencing. Nat Biotechnol 2009; 27:182-9. [PMID: 19182786 PMCID: PMC2663421 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1008] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Targeting genomic loci by massively parallel sequencing requires new methods to enrich templates to be sequenced. We developed a capture method that uses biotinylated RNA “baits” to “fish” targets out of a “pond” of DNA fragments. The RNA is transcribed from PCR-amplified oligodeoxynucleotides originally synthesized on a microarray, generating sufficient bait for multiple captures at concentrations high enough to drive the hybridization. We tested this method with 170-mer baits that target >15,000 coding exons (2.5 Mb) and four regions (1.7 Mb total) using Illumina sequencing as read-out. About 90% of uniquely aligning bases fell on or near bait sequence; up to 50% lay on exons proper. The uniformity was such that ~60% of target bases in the exonic “catch”, and ~80% in the regional catch, had at least half the mean coverage. One lane of Illumina sequence was sufficient to call high-confidence genotypes for 89% of the targeted exon space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gnirke
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
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39
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Giblin SR, Champion JDM, Zhou HD, Wiebe CR, Gardner JS, Terry I, Calder S, Fennell T, Bramwell ST. Static magnetic order in Tb2Sn2O7 revealed by muon spin relaxation with exterior muon implantation. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:237201. [PMID: 19113586 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.237201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tb2Sn2O7 has been proposed as an ordered spin ice, but the precise nature of the low temperature magnetic state remains uncertain. Recent independent muon spin relaxation (microSR) investigations suggest the possibility of exotic ground states with static order precluded on time scales longer than 10(-6) s. Here the more conventional hypothesis of canted ferromagnetism is tested by means of microSR with the muons stopped outside the sample, as well as ultralow field bulk magnetization measurements. The field cooled state shows conventional static order, while the zero field cooled state may be interpreted in terms of conventional closed domains. These results rule out purely dynamical ground states and illustrate the value of exterior muon implantation as a complement to the conventional technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Giblin
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
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40
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Pasewicz A, Idziak D, Koloczek J, Kus P, Wrzalik R, Fennell T, Honkimäki V, Ratuszna A, Burian A. Pair correlation function analysis of 5-(4-hexadecyloxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tri(4-pyridyl)porphyrin and 5-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-10,15,20-tri(4-pyridyl)porphyrin. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Idziak D, Pasewicz A, Kołoczek J, Kuś P, Wrzalik R, Fennell T, Honkimäki V, Ratuszna A, Burian A. Molecular structure of 5,10,15,20-tetra(1-naphthyl)porphyrin and 5,10-di(4-hexadecyloxyphenyl)-15,20-di(4-pyridyl)porphyrin studied by high-energy X-ray diffraction. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cullen JP, Meehan C, O'Grady M, Fennell T, Lane SJ. The implementation of a nurse-provided, ward-based bilevel non-invasive ventilation service. Ir Med J 2005; 98:80-3. [PMID: 15869065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bilevel non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is now standard of care for patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF), and has an increasing role to play in patients with stable chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CHRF). The institution of an NIV service in a hospital setting requires major infrastructural and multidisciplinary input to be effective. This paper describes our experiences in setting up a 24-hour, nurse-provided, ward-based NIV service in a new acute teaching hospital in Dublin over a 39-month period. In addition, we provide audit data on 78 patients with AHRF treated with NIV by this service over this time period. The majority of patients (65) had their respiratory acidosis corrected and were discharged home; 11 patients failed NIV and were intubated and mechanically ventilated in the ITU; 13 patients died, 8 from respiratory causes and 5 from non-respiratory causes, indicating the critical nature of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Cullen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Adelaicine & Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dubin, Ireland
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Bramwell ST, Harris MJ, den Hertog BC, Gingras MJ, Gardner JS, McMorrow DF, Wildes AR, Cornelius AL, Champion JD, Melko RG, Fennell T. Spin correlations in Ho2Ti2O7: a dipolar spin ice system. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:047205. [PMID: 11461643 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.047205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The pyrochlore material Ho2Ti2O7 has been suggested to show "spin ice" behavior. We present neutron scattering and specific heat results that establish unambiguously that Ho2Ti2O7 exhibits spin ice correlations at low temperature. Diffuse magnetic neutron scattering is quite well described by a nearest neighbor spin ice model and very accurately described by a dipolar spin ice model. The heat capacity is well accounted for by the sum of a dipolar spin ice contribution and an expected nuclear spin contribution, known to exist in other Ho3+ salts. These results settle the question of the nature of the low temperature spin correlations in Ho2Ti2O7 for which contradictory claims have been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Bramwell
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H OAJ, United Kingdom
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Calleman CJ, Wu Y, He F, Tian G, Bergmark E, Zhang S, Deng H, Wang Y, Crofton KM, Fennell T. Relationships between biomarkers of exposure and neurological effects in a group of workers exposed to acrylamide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1994; 126:361-71. [PMID: 8209389 DOI: 10.1006/taap.1994.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A study was performed among 41 workers heavily exposed to a mixture of acrylamide and acrylonitrile in the city of Xinxiang, Henan province, People's Republic of China. The workers underwent a complete medical and neurological examination and provided blood and urine for the determination of several biomarkers of exposure. Among the exposed workers, signs and symptoms indicating peripheral neuropathy were found with statistically significant increased frequencies compared to a group of controls from the same city. Based on neuropathic signs and symptoms and quantifiable indicators of peripheral nervous dysfunction, such as vibration thresholds and electroneuromyography measurements, a neurotoxicity index (NIn) specific for acrylamide-induced peripheral neuropathy was designed. The NIn, which adequately predicted the clinical diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy, was significantly correlated with the levels of mercapturic acids in 24-hr urine, hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide, accumulated in vivo doses of acrylamide, employment time, and vibration sensitivity. The NIn was correlated also with hemoglobin adducts of acrylonitrile, which was explained primarily by a correlation between acrylamide and acrylonitrile exposure in this workshop. However, it was not significantly correlated with momentary measures of exposure such as concentrations of acrylamide in the air or in the plasma of exposed workers. This study is the first in which adduct monitoring has been applied to the same group of individuals in which adverse health effects have been observed. The results seem to indicate that hemoglobin adducts are useful as predictors of acrylamide-induced peripheral neuropathy and that measurements of vibration thresholds are useful for identifying early neurotoxic effects in workplaces with hazardous exposures to acrylamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Calleman
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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