1
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LaFavers KA, Macedo E, Garimella PS, Lima C, Khan S, Myslinski J, McClintick J, Witzmann FA, Winfree S, Phillips CL, Hato T, Dagher PC, Wu XR, El-Achkar TM, Micanovic R. Circulating uromodulin inhibits systemic oxidative stress by inactivating the TRPM2 channel. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/512/eaaw3639. [PMID: 31578243 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High serum concentrations of kidney-derived protein uromodulin [Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP)] have recently been shown to be independently associated with low mortality in both older adults and cardiac patients, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that THP inhibits the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in the kidney and systemically. Consistent with this experimental data, the concentration of circulating THP in patients with surgery-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) correlated with systemic oxidative damage. THP in the serum dropped after AKI and was associated with an increase in systemic ROS. The increase in oxidant injury correlated with postsurgical mortality and need for dialysis. Mechanistically, THP inhibited the activation of the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 (TRPM2) channel. Furthermore, inhibition of TRPM2 in vivo in a mouse model mitigated the systemic increase in ROS during AKI and THP deficiency. Our results suggest that THP is a key regulator of systemic oxidative stress by suppressing TRPM2 activity, and our findings might help explain how circulating THP deficiency is linked with poor outcomes and increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaice A LaFavers
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Etienne Macedo
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pranav S Garimella
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Camila Lima
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403, Brazil
| | - Shehnaz Khan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jered Myslinski
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jeanette McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Frank A Witzmann
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Seth Winfree
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Carrie L Phillips
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Takashi Hato
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Pierre C Dagher
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs, New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Radmila Micanovic
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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2
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Makki MS, Winfree S, Lingeman JE, Witzmann FA, Worcester EM, Krambeck AE, Coe FL, Evan AP, Bledsoe S, Bergsland KJ, Khochare S, Barwinska D, Williams JC, El-Achkar TM. A Precision Medicine Approach Uncovers a Unique Signature of Neutrophils in Patients With Brushite Kidney Stones. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:663-677. [PMID: 32405588 PMCID: PMC7210605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We have previously found that papillary histopathology differs greatly between calcium oxalate and brushite stone formers (SF); the latter have much more papillary mineral deposition, tubular cell injury, and tissue fibrosis. Methods In this study, we applied unbiased orthogonal omics approaches on biopsied renal papillae and extracted stones from patients with brushite or calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones. Our goal was to discover stone type-specific molecular signatures to advance our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis. Results Brushite SF did not differ from CaOx SF with respect to metabolic risk factors for stones but did exhibit increased tubule plugging in their papillae. Brushite SF had upregulation of inflammatory pathways in papillary tissue and increased neutrophil markers in stone matrix compared with those with CaOx stones. Large-scale 3-dimensional tissue cytometry on renal papillary biopsies showed an increase in the number and density of neutrophils in the papillae of patients with brushite versus CaOx, thereby linking the observed inflammatory signatures to the neutrophils in the tissue. To explain how neutrophil proteins appear in the stone matrix, we measured neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation—NETosis—and found it significantly increased in the papillae of patients with brushite stones compared with CaOx stones. Conclusion We show that increased neutrophil infiltration and NETosis is an unrecognized factor that differentiates brushite and CaOx SF and may explain the markedly increased scarring and inflammation seen in the papillae of patients with brushite stones. Given the increasing prevalence of brushite stones, the role of neutrophil activation in brushite stone formation requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahidul Makki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Seth Winfree
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James E Lingeman
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Frank A Witzmann
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elaine M Worcester
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy E Krambeck
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Fredric L Coe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew P Evan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sharon Bledsoe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kristin J Bergsland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Suraj Khochare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Daria Barwinska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James C Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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3
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Vracko M, Witzmann FA, Basak SC. Editorial: A Possible Chemo-biodescriptor Framework for the Prediction of Toxicity of Nanosubstances: An Integrated Computational Approach. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2018; 14:2-4. [PMID: 29624157 DOI: 10.2174/157340991401180321111721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Vracko
- National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Frank A Witzmann
- Dept. of Cellular & Integrative Physiology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine 635 Barnhill Drive, MS405 Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Subhash C Basak
- Natural Resources Research Institute Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth, MN 55811, United States
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4
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Kolb AL, Corridon PR, Zhang S, Xu W, Witzmann FA, Collett JA, Rhodes GJ, Winfree S, Bready D, Pfeffenberger ZJ, Pomerantz JM, Hato T, Nagami GT, Molitoris BA, Basile DP, Atkinson SJ, Bacallao RL. Exogenous Gene Transmission of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2 Mimics Ischemic Preconditioning Protection. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1154-1164. [PMID: 29371417 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning confers organ-wide protection against subsequent ischemic stress. A substantial body of evidence underscores the importance of mitochondria adaptation as a critical component of cell protection from ischemia. To identify changes in mitochondria protein expression in response to ischemic preconditioning, we isolated mitochondria from ischemic preconditioned kidneys and sham-treated kidneys as a basis for comparison. The proteomic screen identified highly upregulated proteins, including NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), and we confirmed the ability of this protein to confer cellular protection from injury in murine S3 proximal tubule cells subjected to hypoxia. To further evaluate the role of IDH2 in cell protection, we performed detailed analysis of the effects of Idh2 gene delivery on kidney susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Gene delivery of IDH2 before injury attenuated the injury-induced rise in serum creatinine (P<0.05) observed in controls and increased the mitochondria membrane potential (P<0.05), maximal respiratory capacity (P<0.05), and intracellular ATP levels (P<0.05) above those in controls. This communication shows that gene delivery of Idh2 can confer organ-wide protection against subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury and mimics ischemic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Kolb
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Research Division, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | | - Seth Winfree
- Division of Nephrology.,Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Devin Bready
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Division of Nephrology
| | | | | | | | - Glenn T Nagami
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; and.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bruce A Molitoris
- Division of Nephrology.,Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Simon J Atkinson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Division of Nephrology
| | - Robert L Bacallao
- Research Division, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; .,Division of Nephrology
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5
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Basak SC, Vrac Ko M, Witzmann FA. Editorial. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2016; 12:253-254. [PMID: 27875957 DOI: 10.2174/157340991204161028155315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash C Basak
- Natural Resources Research Institute Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth, MN 55811 USA.
| | - Marjan Vrac Ko
- National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia.
| | - Frank A Witzmann
- Dept. of Cellular & Integrative Physiology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine 635 Barnhill Drive, MS405 Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
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6
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Barreto R, Mandili G, Witzmann FA, Novelli F, Zimmers TA, Bonetto A. Cancer and Chemotherapy Contribute to Muscle Loss by Activating Common Signaling Pathways. Front Physiol 2016; 7:472. [PMID: 27807421 PMCID: PMC5070123 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia represents one of the primary complications of colorectal cancer due to its effects on depletion of muscle and fat. Evidence suggests that chemotherapeutic regimens, such as Folfiri, contribute to cachexia-related symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the cachexia signature in different conditions associated with severe muscle wasting, namely Colon-26 (C26) and Folfiri-associated cachexia. Using a quantitative LC-MS/MS approach, we identified significant changes in 386 proteins in the quadriceps muscle of Folfiri-treated mice, and 269 proteins differentially expressed in the C26 hosts (p < 0.05; -1.5 ≥ fold change ≥ +1.5). Comparative analysis isolated 240 proteins that were modulated in common, with a large majority (218) that were down-regulated in both experimental settings. Interestingly, metabolic (47.08%) and structural (21.25%) proteins were the most represented. Pathway analysis revealed mitochondrial dysfunctions in both experimental conditions, also consistent with reduced expression of mediators of mitochondrial fusion (OPA-1, mitofusin-2), fission (DRP-1) and biogenesis (Cytochrome C, PGC-1α). Alterations of oxidative phosphorylation within the TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and Ca2+ signaling were also detected. Overall, the proteomic signature in the presence of both chemotherapy and cancer suggests the activation of mechanisms associated with movement disorders, necrosis, muscle cell death, muscle weakness and muscle damage. Conversely, this is consistent with the inhibition of pathways that regulate nucleotide and fatty acid metabolism, synthesis of ATP, muscle and heart function, as well as ROS scavenging. Interestingly, strong up-regulation of pro-inflammatory acute-phase proteins and a more coordinated modulation of mitochondrial and lipidic metabolisms were observed in the muscle of the C26 hosts that were different from the Folfiri-treated animals. In conclusion, our results suggest that both cancer and chemotherapy contribute to muscle loss by activating common signaling pathways. These data support the undertaking of combination strategies that aim to both counteract tumor growth and reduce chemotherapy side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Barreto
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Giorgia Mandili
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Studies, University of TorinoTorino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of TorinoTorino, Italy
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Studies, University of TorinoTorino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of TorinoTorino, Italy
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University - Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University - Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
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7
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Basak SC, Vracko M, Witzmann FA. Mathematical Nanotoxicoproteomics: Quantitative Characterization of Effects of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) and TiO2 Nanobelts (TiO2-NB) on Protein Expression Patterns in Human Intestinal Cells. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2016; 12:259-264. [PMID: 27559000 DOI: 10.2174/1573409912666160824145722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various applications of nanosubstances in industrial and consumer goods sectors are growing rapidly because of their useful chemical and physical properties. OBJECTIVES Assessment of hazard posed by exposure to nanosubstances is essential for the protection of human and ecological health. METHODS We analyzed the proteomics patterns of Caco-2/HT29-MTX cells in co-culture exposed for three and twenty four hours to two kinds of nanoparticles: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and TiO2 nanobelts (TiO2-NB). For each nanosubstance cells were exposed to two concentrations of the material before carrying out proteomics analyses: 10 μg and 100 μg. In each case over 3000 proteins were identified. A mathematically based similarity index, which measures the changes in abundances of cellular proteins that are highly affected by exposure to the nanosubstances, was used to characterize toxic effects of the nanomaterials. RESULTS We identified 8 and 25 proteins, which are most highly affected by MWCNT and TiO2-NB, respectively. These proteins may be responsible for specific response of cells to the nanoparticles. Further 14 reported proteins are affected by either of the two nanoparticles and they are probably related to nonspecific toxic response of the cells. CONCLUSION The similarity methods proposed in this paper may be useful in the management and visualization of the large amount of data generated by proteomics technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash C Basak
- Natural Resources Research Institute and University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55811, USA.
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8
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Mangipudy RS, Rao PS, Andrews A, Bucci TJ, Witzmann FA, Mehendale HM. Dose-Dependent Modulation of Cell Death: Apoptosis Versus Necrosis in Thioacetamide Hepatotoxicity. Int J Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/109158198226701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is programmed cell death, morphologically and biochemically distinct from necrosis. The objective of the present study was to examine thioacetamide-induced apoptosis over an early time course of 0 to 8 h after administration of a 12-fold dose range (50, 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg, ip) of thioacetamide (TA). Male Sprague-Daw ley rats (200-225 g) were used for the study. The incidence of apoptosis was determined by in situ end labeling, transmission electron microscopy, and charge modification of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70). Light microscopic examination of liver sections revealed apoptotic bodies (ABs)as early as 2 h after TA administration. A dose-dependent increase in the incidence of ABs was seen with all doses until 4 h. Thereafter, the incidence of ABs continued to increase in a temporal manner with 50 and 150 mg/kg, while it decreased in the rats treated with 300 and 600 mg/kg. Between 4 and 8 h, while necrosis as assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and histopathology declined in the sixfold dose range (50, 150, and 300 mg TA/kg), it increased in a temporal manner with 600 mg TA/kg. Preliminary studies indicate an inverse relation between Hsp 70 abundance and the incidence of apoptosis. Hsp 70 expression was significantly higher in the 600 mg TA/kg group compared to the lower doses. Lowest abundance was recorded in the groups receiving 50 and 150 mg TA/kg, where maximum apoptosis was noted. These findings collectively suggest that although the processes of apoptosis and necrosis are initiated simultaneously, the proportion of cells dying via either mechanism seems to be regulated by the dose of TA. Lower doses seem to favor cell death via apoptosis, while higher doses favor cell death via necrosis. Additionally, the inverse relation between Hsp 70 and apoptosis at lower doses suggests a regulatory role for Hsp 70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja S. Mangipudy
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Northeast Louisiana University, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
| | - Prathibha S. Rao
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Northeast Louisiana University, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
| | - Annette Andrews
- Pathology Associates, Inc., National Center for Toxicology Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Thomas J. Bucci
- Pathology Associates, Inc., National Center for Toxicology Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Division of Molecular Anatomy, Indiana University—Purdue University at Indianapolis, Columbus, Indiana, USA
| | - Harihara M. Mehendale
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Northeast Louisiana University, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
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9
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Gilda JE, Lai X, Witzmann FA, Gomes AV. Delineation of Molecular Pathways Involved in Cardiomyopathies Caused by Troponin T Mutations. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1962-81. [PMID: 27022107 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.057380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is associated with mild to severe cardiac problems and is the leading cause of sudden death in young people and athletes. Although the genetic basis for FHC is well-established, the molecular mechanisms that ultimately lead to cardiac dysfunction are not well understood. To obtain important insights into the molecular mechanism(s) involved in FHC, hearts from two FHC troponin T models (Ile79Asn [I79N] and Arg278Cys [R278C]) were investigated using label-free proteomics and metabolomics. Mutations in troponin T are the third most common cause of FHC, and the I79N mutation is associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Most FHC-causing mutations, including I79N, increase the Ca(2+) sensitivity of the myofilament; however, the R278C mutation does not alter Ca(2+) sensitivity and is associated with a better prognosis than most FHC mutations. Out of more than 1200 identified proteins, 53 and 76 proteins were differentially expressed in I79N and R278C hearts, respectively, when compared with wild-type hearts. Interestingly, more than 400 proteins were differentially expressed when the I79N and R278C hearts were directly compared. The three major pathways affected in I79N hearts relative to R278C and wild-type hearts were the ubiquitin-proteasome system, antioxidant systems, and energy production pathways. Further investigation of the proteasome system using Western blotting and activity assays showed that proteasome dysfunction occurs in I79N hearts. Metabolomic results corroborate the proteomic data and suggest the glycolytic, citric acid, and electron transport chain pathways are important pathways that are altered in I79N hearts relative to R278C or wild-type hearts. Our findings suggest that impaired energy production and protein degradation dysfunction are important mechanisms in FHCs associated with poor prognosis and that cardiac hypertrophy is not likely needed for a switch from fatty acid to glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xianyin Lai
- ¶Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Frank A Witzmann
- ¶Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- From the ‡Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, §Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
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10
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Witzmann FA, Evan AP, Coe FL, Worcester EM, Lingeman JE, Williams JC. Label-free proteomic methodology for the analysis of human kidney stone matrix composition. Proteome Sci 2016; 14:4. [PMID: 26924944 PMCID: PMC4769560 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-016-0093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney stone matrix protein composition is an important yet poorly understood aspect of nephrolithiasis. We hypothesized that this proteome is considerably more complex than previous reports have indicated and that comprehensive proteomic profiling of the kidney stone matrix may demonstrate relevant constitutive differences between stones. We have analyzed the matrices of two unique human calcium oxalate stones (CaOx-Ia and CaOx-Id) using a simple but effective chaotropic reducing solution for extraction/solubilization combined with label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to generate a comprehensive profile of their proteomes, including physicochemical and bioinformatic analysis.` Results We identified and quantified 1,059 unique protein database entries in the two human kidney stone samples, revealing a more complex proteome than previously reported. Protein composition reflects a common range of proteins related to immune response, inflammation, injury, and tissue repair, along with a more diverse set of proteins unique to each stone. Conclusion The use of a simple chaotropic reducing solution and moderate sonication for extraction and solubilization of kidney stone powders combined with label-free quantitative mass spectrometry has yielded the most comprehensive list to date of the proteins that constitute the human kidney stone proteome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-016-0093-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Witzmann
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Room 362A, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120 USA
| | - Andrew P Evan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Fredric L Coe
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Elaine M Worcester
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - James E Lingeman
- International Kidney Stone Institute, Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - James C Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
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11
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Waning DL, Mohammad KS, Reiken S, Xie W, Andersson DC, John S, Chiechi A, Wright LE, Umanskaya A, Niewolna M, Trivedi T, Charkhzarrin S, Khatiwada P, Wronska A, Haynes A, Benassi MS, Witzmann FA, Zhen G, Wang X, Cao X, Roodman GD, Marks AR, Guise TA. Excess TGF-β mediates muscle weakness associated with bone metastases in mice. Nat Med 2015; 21:1262-1271. [PMID: 26457758 PMCID: PMC4636436 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated muscle weakness is a poorly understood phenomenon, and there is no effective treatment. Here we find that seven different mouse models of human osteolytic bone metastases-representing breast, lung and prostate cancers, as well as multiple myeloma-exhibited impaired muscle function, implicating a role for the tumor-bone microenvironment in cancer-associated muscle weakness. We found that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, released from the bone surface as a result of metastasis-induced bone destruction, upregulated NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), resulting in elevated oxidization of skeletal muscle proteins, including the ryanodine receptor and calcium (Ca(2+)) release channel (RyR1). The oxidized RyR1 channels leaked Ca(2+), resulting in lower intracellular signaling, which is required for proper muscle contraction. We found that inhibiting RyR1 leakage, TGF-β signaling, TGF-β release from bone or Nox4 activity improved muscle function in mice with MDA-MB-231 bone metastases. Humans with breast- or lung cancer-associated bone metastases also had oxidized skeletal muscle RyR1 that is not seen in normal muscle. Similarly, skeletal muscle weakness, increased Nox4 binding to RyR1 and oxidation of RyR1 were present in a mouse model of Camurati-Engelmann disease, a nonmalignant metabolic bone disorder associated with increased TGF-β activity. Thus, pathological TGF-β release from bone contributes to muscle weakness by decreasing Ca(2+)-induced muscle force production.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Waning
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Steven Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Helen and Clyde Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wenjun Xie
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Helen and Clyde Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel C Andersson
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Helen and Clyde Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sutha John
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Antonella Chiechi
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Laura E Wright
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alisa Umanskaya
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Helen and Clyde Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Niewolna
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Trupti Trivedi
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sahba Charkhzarrin
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Pooja Khatiwada
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Anetta Wronska
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Helen and Clyde Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashley Haynes
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Helen and Clyde Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Serena Benassi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Instituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Frank A Witzmann
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - G David Roodman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrew R Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Helen and Clyde Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Theresa A Guise
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Wagner MC, Campos-Bilderback SB, Chowdhury M, Flores B, Lai X, Myslinski J, Pandit S, Sandoval RM, Wean SE, Wei Y, Satlin LM, Wiggins RC, Witzmann FA, Molitoris BA. Proximal Tubules Have the Capacity to Regulate Uptake of Albumin. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:482-94. [PMID: 26054544 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from multiple studies supports the concept that both glomerular filtration and proximal tubule (PT) reclamation affect urinary albumin excretion rate. To better understand these roles of glomerular filtration and PT uptake, we investigated these processes in two distinct animal models. In a rat model of acute exogenous albumin overload, we quantified glomerular sieving coefficients (GSC) and PT uptake of Texas Red-labeled rat serum albumin using two-photon intravital microscopy. No change in GSC was observed, but a significant decrease in PT albumin uptake was quantified. In a second model, loss of endogenous albumin was induced in rats by podocyte-specific transgenic expression of diphtheria toxin receptor. In these albumin-deficient rats, exposure to diphtheria toxin induced an increase in albumin GSC and albumin filtration, resulting in increased exposure of the PTs to endogenous albumin. In this case, PT albumin reabsorption was markedly increased. Analysis of known albumin receptors and assessment of cortical protein expression in the albumin overload model, conducted to identify potential proteins and pathways affected by acute protein overload, revealed changes in the expression levels of calreticulin, disabled homolog 2, NRF2, angiopoietin-2, and proteins involved in ATP synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that a regulated PT cell albumin uptake system can respond rapidly to different physiologic conditions to minimize alterations in serum albumin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Wagner
- Indiana University School of Medicine, The Roudebush Veterans Affair Medical Center, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Silvia B Campos-Bilderback
- Indiana University School of Medicine, The Roudebush Veterans Affair Medical Center, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mahboob Chowdhury
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brittany Flores
- Indiana University School of Medicine, The Roudebush Veterans Affair Medical Center, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xianyin Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Jered Myslinski
- Indiana University School of Medicine, The Roudebush Veterans Affair Medical Center, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sweekar Pandit
- Indiana University School of Medicine, The Roudebush Veterans Affair Medical Center, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ruben M Sandoval
- Indiana University School of Medicine, The Roudebush Veterans Affair Medical Center, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sarah E Wean
- Indiana University School of Medicine, The Roudebush Veterans Affair Medical Center, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Lisa M Satlin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Roger C Wiggins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Frank A Witzmann
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bruce A Molitoris
- Indiana University School of Medicine, The Roudebush Veterans Affair Medical Center, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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13
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Lai X, Liangpunsakul S, Li K, Witzmann FA. Proteomic profiling of human sera for discovery of potential biomarkers to monitor abstinence from alcohol abuse. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:556-63. [PMID: 25475211 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous biomarkers or biomarker candidates have been discovered to detect levels of drinking and intervals of time after last drinking episode, only a few biomarkers have been applied to monitor abstinence in a longer interval (≥6 wks) from alcohol abuse. Considering sample sources, sensitivity, and specificity, new biomarkers from blood with better accuracy are needed. To address this, serum proteomic profiles were compared between pre- and post- treatment samples from subjects seeking treatment for alcohol abuse and dependence in an intensive 6 wk daily outpatient program using high-abundance plasma protein immunodepletion and LC-MS/MS techniques. Protein identification, quantification, candidate biomarker selection, and prioritization analyses were carried out. Among the 246 quantified serum proteins, abundance of 13 and 45 proteins in female and male subjects were significantly changed (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. Of these biomarker candidate proteins, 2 (female) and 8 (male) proteins were listed in category 1, with high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and fold change. In summary, several new biomarker candidates have been identified to monitor abstinence from alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyin Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA; Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
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14
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Tilton SC, Karin NJ, Tolic A, Xie Y, Lai X, Hamilton RF, Waters KM, Holian A, Witzmann FA, Orr G. Three human cell types respond to multi-walled carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide nanobelts with cell-specific transcriptomic and proteomic expression patterns. Nanotoxicology 2014; 8:533-48. [PMID: 23659652 PMCID: PMC4226242 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.803624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The growing use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in commercial and medical applications raises the urgent need for tools that can predict NP toxicity. Global transcriptome and proteome analyses were conducted on three human cell types, exposed to two high aspect ratio NP types, to identify patterns of expression that might indicate high versus low NP toxicity. Three cell types representing the most common routes of human exposure to NPs, including macrophage-like (THP-1), small airway epithelial and intestinal (Caco-2/HT29-MTX) cells, were exposed to TiO2 nanobelts (TiO2-NB; high toxicity) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT; low toxicity) at low (10 µg/mL) and high (100 µg/mL) concentrations for 1 and 24 h. Unique patterns of gene and protein expressions were identified for each cell type, with no differentially expressed (p < 0.05, 1.5-fold change) genes or proteins overlapping across all three cell types. While unique to each cell type, the early response was primarily independent of NP type, showing similar expression patterns in response to both TiO2-NB and MWCNT. The early response might, therefore, indicate a general response to insult. In contrast, the 24 h response was unique to each NP type. The most significantly (p < 0.05) enriched biological processes in THP-1 cells indicated TiO2-NB regulation of pathways associated with inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA replication stress and genomic instability, while MWCNT-regulated pathways indicated increased cell proliferation, DNA repair and anti-apoptosis. These two distinct sets of biological pathways might, therefore, underlie cellular responses to high and low NP toxicity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Tilton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Norman J. Karin
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Ana Tolic
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Yumei Xie
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Raymond F. Hamilton
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - Katrina M. Waters
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
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15
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Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials are widely produced and used in industry, medicine and scientific research. To examine the impact of exposure to nanoparticles on human health, the human airway epithelial cell line, Calu-3, was used to evaluate changes in the cellular proteome that could account for alterations in cellular function of airway epithelia after 24 hexposure to 10 μg/mL and 100 ng/mLof two common carbon nanoparticles, single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT, MWCNT). After exposure to the nanoparticles, label-free quantitative mass spectrometry (LFQMS) was used to study the differential protein expression. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to conduct a bioinformaticanalysis of proteins identified in LFQMS. Interestingly, after exposure to ahigh concentration (10 μg/mL; 0.4 μg/cm2) of MWCNT or SWCNT, only 8 and 13 proteins, respectively, exhibited changes in abundance. In contrast, the abundance of hundreds of proteins was altered in response to a low concentration (100 ng/mL; 4 ng/cm2) of either CNT. Of the 281 and 282 proteins that were significantly altered in response to MWCNT or SWCNT respectively, 231 proteins were the same. Bioinformatic analyses found that the proteins in common to both nanotubes occurred within the cellular functions of cell death and survival, cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, cellular assembly and organization, cellular growth and proliferation, infectious disease, molecular transport and protein synthesis. The majority of the protein changes represent a decrease in amount suggesting a general stress response to protect cells. The STRING database was used to analyze the various functional protein networks. Interestingly, some proteins like cadherin 1 (CDH1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), junction plakoglobin (JUP), and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (PYCARD), appear in several functional categories and tend to be in the center of the networks. This central positioning suggests they may play important roles in multiple cellular functions and activities that are altered in response to carbon nanotube exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West 16th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; E-Mails: (X.L.); (F.A.W.)
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West 16th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; E-Mails: (X.L.); (F.A.W.)
| | - Bonnie L. Blazer-Yost
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West 16th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; E-Mails: (X.L.); (F.A.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-317-278-1145; Fax: +1-317-274-2846
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16
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Shannahan JH, Lai X, Ke PC, Podila R, Brown JM, Witzmann FA. Silver nanoparticle protein corona composition in cell culture media. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74001. [PMID: 24040142 PMCID: PMC3767594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential applications of nanomaterials as drug delivery systems and in other products continue to expand. Upon introduction into physiological environments and driven by energetics, nanomaterials readily associate proteins forming a protein corona (PC) on their surface. This PC influences the nanomaterial's surface characteristics and may impact their interaction with cells. To determine the biological impact of nanomaterial exposure as well as nanotherapeutic applications, it is necessary to understand PC formation. Utilizing a label-free mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach, we examined the composition of the PC for a set of four silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) including citrate-stabilized and polyvinlypyrrolidone-stabilized (PVP) colloidal silver (20 or 110 nm diameter). To simulate cell culture conditions, AgNPs were incubated for 1 h in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, washed, coronal proteins solubilized, and proteins identified and quantified by label-free LC-MS/MS. To determine which attributes influence PC formation, the AgNPs were characterized in both water and cell culture media with 10% FBS. All AgNPs associated a common subset of 11 proteins including albumin, apolipoproteins, keratins, and other serum proteins. 110 nm citrate- and PVP-stabilized AgNPs were found to bind the greatest number of proteins (79 and 85 respectively) compared to 20 nm citrate- and PVP-stabilized AgNPs (45 and 48 respectively), suggesting a difference in PC formation based on surface curvature. While no relationships were found for other protein parameters (isoelectric point or aliphatic index), the PC on 20 nm AgNPs (PVP and citrate) consisted of more hydrophobic proteins compared to 110 nm AgNPs implying that this class of proteins are more receptive to curvature-induced folding and crowding in exchange for an increased hydration in the aqueous environment. These observations demonstrate the significance of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions in the formation of the PC which may have broad biological and toxicological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Shannahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ramakrishna Podila
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Domenighetti AA, Chu PH, Wu T, Sheikh F, Gokhin DS, Guo LT, Cui Z, Peter AK, Christodoulou DC, Parfenov MG, Gorham JM, Li DY, Banerjee I, Lai X, Witzmann FA, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Gomes AV, Shelton GD, Lieber RL, Chen J. Loss of FHL1 induces an age-dependent skeletal muscle myopathy associated with myofibrillar and intermyofibrillar disorganization in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:209-25. [PMID: 23975679 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent human genetic studies have provided evidences that sporadic or inherited missense mutations in four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1), resulting in alterations in FHL1 protein expression, are associated with rare congenital myopathies, including reducing body myopathy and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. However, it remains to be clarified whether mutations in FHL1 cause skeletal muscle remodeling owing to gain- or loss of FHL1 function. In this study, we used FHL1-null mice lacking global FHL1 expression to evaluate loss-of-function effects on skeletal muscle homeostasis. Histological and functional analyses of soleus, tibialis anterior and sternohyoideus muscles demonstrated that FHL1-null mice develop an age-dependent myopathy associated with myofibrillar and intermyofibrillar (mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic reticulum) disorganization, impaired muscle oxidative capacity and increased autophagic activity. A longitudinal study established decreased survival rates in FHL1-null mice, associated with age-dependent impairment of muscle contractile function and a significantly lower exercise capacity. Analysis of primary myoblasts isolated from FHL1-null muscles demonstrated early muscle fiber differentiation and maturation defects, which could be rescued by re-expression of the FHL1A isoform, highlighting that FHL1A is necessary for proper muscle fiber differentiation and maturation in vitro. Overall, our data show that loss of FHL1 function leads to myopathy in vivo and suggest that loss of function of FHL1 may be one of the mechanisms underlying muscle dystrophy in patients with FHL1 mutations.
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18
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Dewey S, Lai X, Witzmann FA, Sohal M, Gomes AV. Proteomic Analysis of Hearts from Akita Mice Suggests That Increases in Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and Antioxidative Programming Are Key Changes in Early Stages of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3920-33. [DOI: 10.1021/pr4004739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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19
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Hunter CS, Malik RE, Witzmann FA, Rhodes SJ. LHX3 interacts with inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase complex subunits LANP and TAF-1β to modulate pituitary gene regulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68898. [PMID: 23861948 PMCID: PMC3701669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
LIM-homeodomain 3 (LHX3) is a transcription factor required for mammalian pituitary gland and nervous system development. Human patients and animal models with LHX3 gene mutations present with severe pediatric syndromes that feature hormone deficiencies and symptoms associated with nervous system dysfunction. The carboxyl terminus of the LHX3 protein is required for pituitary gene regulation, but the mechanism by which this domain operates is unknown. In order to better understand LHX3-dependent pituitary hormone gene transcription, we used biochemical and mass spectrometry approaches to identify and characterize proteins that interact with the LHX3 carboxyl terminus. This approach identified the LANP/pp32 and TAF-1β/SET proteins, which are components of the inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase (INHAT) multi-subunit complex that serves as a multifunctional repressor to inhibit histone acetylation and modulate chromatin structure. The protein domains of LANP and TAF-1β that interact with LHX3 were mapped using biochemical techniques. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that LANP and TAF-1β are associated with LHX3 target genes in pituitary cells, and experimental alterations of LANP and TAF-1β levels affected LHX3-mediated pituitary gene regulation. Together, these data suggest that transcriptional regulation of pituitary genes by LHX3 involves regulated interactions with the INHAT complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad S. Hunter
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Raleigh E. Malik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Simon J. Rhodes
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shannahan JH, Brown JM, Chen R, Ke PC, Lai X, Mitra S, Witzmann FA. Comparison of nanotube-protein corona composition in cell culture media. Small 2013; 9:2171-81. [PMID: 23322550 PMCID: PMC3725593 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
In biological environments, nanomaterials associate with proteins forming a protein corona (PC). The PC may alter the nanomaterial's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, thereby influencing toxicity. Using a label-free mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach, the composition of the PC is examined for a set of nanotubes (NTs) including unmodified and carboxylated single- (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated MWCNT (MWCNT-PVP), and nanoclay. NTs are incubated for 1 h in simulated cell culture conditions, then washed, resuspended in PBS, and assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for their associated PC. To determine those attributes that influence PC formation, the NTs are extensively characterized. NTs had negative zeta potentials in water (SWCNT-COOH < MWCNT-COOH < unmodified NTs) while carboxylation increases their hydrodynamic sizes. All NTs are also found to associate a common subset of proteins including albumin, titin, and apolipoproteins. SWCNT-COOH and MWCNT-COOH are found to bind the greatest number of proteins (181 and 133 respectively) compared to unmodified NTs (<100), suggesting covalent binding to protein amines. Modified NTs bind a number of unique proteins compared to unmodified NTs, implying hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions are involved in PC formation. PVP-coating of MWCNT did not influence PC composition, further reinforcing the possibility of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. No relationships are found between PC composition and corresponding isoelectric point, hydropathy, or aliphatic index, implying minimal roles of hydrophobic interaction and pi-stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Shannahan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, 27834, USA
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, 27834, USA
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Somenath Mitra
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
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21
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Xia T, Hamilton RF, Bonner JC, Crandall ED, Elder A, Fazlollahi F, Girtsman TA, Kim K, Mitra S, Ntim SA, Orr G, Tagmount M, Taylor AJ, Telesca D, Tolic A, Vulpe CD, Walker AJ, Wang X, Witzmann FA, Wu N, Xie Y, Zink JI, Nel A, Holian A. Interlaboratory evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses to engineered nanomaterials: the NIEHS Nano GO Consortium. Environ Health Perspect 2013; 121:683-90. [PMID: 23649538 PMCID: PMC3672931 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in interlaboratory research protocols contribute to the conflicting data in the literature regarding engineered nanomaterial (ENM) bioactivity. OBJECTIVES Grantees of a National Institute of Health Sciences (NIEHS)-funded consortium program performed two phases of in vitro testing with selected ENMs in an effort to identify and minimize sources of variability. METHODS Consortium program participants (CPPs) conducted ENM bioactivity evaluations on zinc oxide (ZnO), three forms of titanium dioxide (TiO2), and three forms of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In addition, CPPs performed bioassays using three mammalian cell lines (BEAS-2B, RLE-6TN, and THP-1) selected in order to cover two different species (rat and human), two different lung epithelial cells (alveolar type II and bronchial epithelial cells), and two different cell types (epithelial cells and macrophages). CPPs also measured cytotoxicity in all cell types while measuring inflammasome activation [interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release] using only THP-1 cells. RESULTS The overall in vitro toxicity profiles of ENM were as follows: ZnO was cytotoxic to all cell types at ≥ 50 μg/mL, but did not induce IL-1β. TiO2 was not cytotoxic except for the nanobelt form, which was cytotoxic and induced significant IL-1β production in THP-1 cells. MWCNTs did not produce cytotoxicity, but stimulated lower levels of IL-1β production in THP-1 cells, with the original MWCNT producing the most IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS The results provide justification for the inclusion of mechanism-linked bioactivity assays along with traditional cytotoxicity assays for in vitro screening. In addition, the results suggest that conducting studies with multiple relevant cell types to avoid false-negative outcomes is critical for accurate evaluation of ENM bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xia
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California Nanosystems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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22
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Owen MK, Witzmann FA, McKenney ML, Lai X, Berwick ZC, Moberly SP, Alloosh M, Sturek M, Tune JD. Perivascular adipose tissue potentiates contraction of coronary vascular smooth muscle: influence of obesity. Circulation 2013; 128:9-18. [PMID: 23685742 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This investigation examined the mechanisms by which coronary perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT)-derived factors influence vasomotor tone and the PVAT proteome in lean versus obese swine. METHODS AND RESULTS Coronary arteries from Ossabaw swine were isolated for isometric tension studies. We found that coronary (P=0.03) and mesenteric (P=0.04) but not subcutaneous adipose tissue augmented coronary contractions to KCl (20 mmol/L). Inhibition of CaV1.2 channels with nifedipine (0.1 µmol/L) or diltiazem (10 µmol/L) abolished this effect. Coronary PVAT increased baseline tension and potentiated constriction of isolated arteries to prostaglandin F2α in proportion to the amount of PVAT present (0.1-1.0 g). These effects were elevated in tissues obtained from obese swine and were observed in intact and endothelium denuded arteries. Coronary PVAT also diminished H2O2-mediated vasodilation in lean and, to a lesser extent, in obese arteries. These effects were associated with alterations in the obese coronary PVAT proteome (detected 186 alterations) and elevated voltage-dependent increases in intracellular [Ca(2+)] in obese smooth muscle cells. Further studies revealed that the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil (1 µmol/L) significantly blunted artery contractions to KCl and PVAT in lean but not obese swine. Calpastatin (10 μmol/L) also augmented contractions to levels similar to that observed in the presence of PVAT. CONCLUSIONS Vascular effects of PVAT vary according to anatomic location and are influenced by an obese phenotype. Augmented contractile effects of obese coronary PVAT are related to alterations in the PVAT proteome (eg, calpastatin), Rho-dependent signaling, and the functional contribution of K(+) and CaV1.2 channels to smooth muscle tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Kohr Owen
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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23
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Lai X, Agarwal M, Lvov YM, Pachpande C, Varahramyan K, Witzmann FA. Proteomic profiling of halloysite clay nanotube exposure in intestinal cell co-culture. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 33:1316-29. [PMID: 23606564 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Halloysite is aluminosilicate clay with a hollow tubular structure with nanoscale internal and external diameters. Assessment of halloysite biocompatibility has gained importance in view of its potential application in oral drug delivery. To investigate the effect of halloysite nanotubes on an in vitro model of the large intestine, Caco-2/HT29-MTX cells in monolayer co-culture were exposed to nanotubes for toxicity tests and proteomic analysis. Results indicate that halloysite exhibits a high degree of biocompatibility characterized by an absence of cytotoxicity, in spite of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Exposure-specific changes in expression were observed among 4081 proteins analyzed. Bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed protein profiles suggest that halloysite stimulates processes related to cell growth and proliferation, subtle responses to cell infection, irritation and injury, enhanced antioxidant capability, and an overall adaptive response to exposure. These potentially relevant functional effects warrant further investigation in in vivo models and suggest that chronic or bolus occupational exposure to halloysite nanotubes may have unintended outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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24
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Lai X, Shannahan JH, Chen R, Ke P, Mitra S, Brown JM, Witzmann FA. Carbon Nanotube, Nanosilver and Nanoclay Protein Corona Composition in Cell Culture Media. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1212.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular & Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | | | - Ran Chen
- Department of Physics and AstronomyClemson UniversityClemsonSC
| | - Pu‐Chun Ke
- Department of Physics and AstronomyClemson UniversityClemsonSC
| | - Somenath Mitra
- Department of Department of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Department of Cellular & Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
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25
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Prince KL, Colvin SC, Park S, Lai X, Witzmann FA, Rhodes SJ. Developmental analysis and influence of genetic background on the Lhx3 W227ter mouse model of combined pituitary hormone deficiency disease. Endocrinology 2013; 154:738-48. [PMID: 23288907 PMCID: PMC3548188 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) diseases result in severe outcomes for patients including short stature, developmental delays, and reproductive deficiencies. Little is known about their etiology, especially the developmental profiles and the influences of genetic background on disease progression. Animal models for CPHD provide valuable tools to investigate disease mechanisms and inform diagnostic and treatment protocols. Here we examined hormone production during pituitary development and the influence of genetic background on phenotypic severity in the Lhx3(W227ter/W227ter) mouse model. Lhx3(W227ter/W227ter) embryos have deficiencies of ACTH, α-glycoprotein subunit, GH, PRL, TSHβ, and LHβ during prenatal development. Furthermore, mutant mice have significant reduction in the critical pituitary transcriptional activator-1 (PIT1). Through breeding, the Lhx3(W227ter/W227ter) genotype was placed onto the 129/Sv and C57BL/6 backgrounds. Intriguingly, the genetic background significantly affected viability: whereas Lhx3(W227ter/W227ter) animals were found in the expected frequencies in C57BL/6, homozygous animals were not viable in the 129/Sv genetic environment. The hormone marker and PIT1 reductions observed in Lhx3(W227ter/W227ter) mice on a mixed background were also seen in the separate strains but in some cases were more severe in 129/Sv. To further characterize the molecular changes in diseased mice, we conducted a quantitative proteomic analysis of pituitary proteins. This showed significantly lower levels of PRL, pro-opiomelanocortin (ACTH), and α-glycoprotein subunit proteins in Lhx3(W227ter/W227ter) mice. Together, these data show that hormone deficiency disease is apparent in early prenatal stages in this CPHD model system. Furthermore, as is noted in human disease, genetic background significantly impacts the phenotypic outcome of these monogenic endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Prince
- Departments of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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26
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Lai X, Wang L, Witzmann FA. Issues and applications in label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. Int J Proteomics 2013; 2013:756039. [PMID: 23401775 PMCID: PMC3562690 DOI: 10.1155/2013/756039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To address the challenges associated with differential expression proteomics, label-free mass spectrometric protein quantification methods have been developed as alternatives to array-based, gel-based, and stable isotope tag or label-based approaches. In this paper, we focus on the issues associated with label-free methods that rely on quantitation based on peptide ion peak area measurement. These issues include chromatographic alignment, peptide qualification for quantitation, and normalization. In addressing these issues, we present various approaches, assembled in a recently developed label-free quantitative mass spectrometry platform, that overcome these difficulties and enable comprehensive, accurate, and reproducible protein quantitation in highly complex protein mixtures from experiments with many sample groups. As examples of the utility of this approach, we present a variety of cases where the platform was applied successfully to assess differential protein expression or abundance in body fluids, in vitro nanotoxicology models, tissue proteomics in genetic knock-in mice, and cell membrane proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Biotechnology Research & Training Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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27
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Bergin IL, Witzmann FA. Nanoparticle toxicity by the gastrointestinal route: evidence and knowledge gaps. Int J Biomed Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 3:10.1504/IJBNN.2013.054515. [PMID: 24228068 PMCID: PMC3822607 DOI: 10.1504/ijbnn.2013.054515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increasing interest in nanoparticles for advanced technologies, consumer products, and biomedical applications has led to great excitement about potential benefits but also concern over the potential for adverse human health effects. The gastrointestinal tract represents a likely route of entry for many nanomaterials, both directly through intentional ingestion or indirectly via nanoparticle dissolution from food containers or by secondary ingestion of inhaled particles. Additionally, increased utilisation of nanoparticles may lead to increased environmental contamination and unintentional ingestion via water, food animals, or fish. The gastrointestinal tract is a site of complex, symbiotic interactions between host cells and the resident microbiome. Accordingly, evaluation of nanoparticles must take into consideration not only absorption and extraintestinal organ accumulation but also the potential for altered gut microbes and the effects of this perturbation on the host. The existing literature was evaluated for evidence of toxicity based on these considerations. Focus was placed on three categories of nanomaterials: nanometals and metal oxides, carbon-based nanoparticles, and polymer/dendrimers with emphasis on those particles of greatest relevance to gastrointestinal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid L. Bergin
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, 018 ARF, Ann Arbor, MI 48197, USA,
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West 16th Street, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA
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28
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Lai X, Blazer-Yost BL, Clack JW, Fears SL, Mitra S, Ntim SA, Ringham HN, Witzmann FA. Protein expression profiles of intestinal epithelial co-cultures: effect of functionalised carbon nanotube exposure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3. [PMID: 24228069 DOI: 10.1504/ijbnn.2013.054508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To assess the biological effects of low level, water dispersible, functionalised carbon nanotube (f-CNT) exposure in an in vitro model simulating the digestive tract, cellular protein expression was quantified and compared using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry (LFQMS). Co-cultured cells were exposed to well-characterised SWCNT-COOH, MWCNT-COOH, and MWCNT-PVP. The relative expression of 2,282 unique proteins was compared across the dose groups. 428 proteins were found to be differentially expressed. At the high dose, the extent of differential protein expression was CNT-specific and directly related to CNT colloidal stability. Cells responded to low level MWCNT-PVP exposure with three-fold greater differential expression. Bioinformatic analysis indicated significant and f-CNT-specific effects on relevant molecular and cellular functions and canonical pathways, with little overlap across f-CNT type and in the absence of overt toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West 16th Street, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA,
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29
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Vidanapathirana AK, Lai X, Hilderbrand SC, Pitzer JE, Podila R, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR, Wingard CJ, Witzmann FA, Brown JM. Multi-walled carbon nanotube directed gene and protein expression in cultured human aortic endothelial cells is influenced by suspension medium. Toxicology 2012; 302:114-22. [PMID: 23026733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use and production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have significantly increased over the last decade due to their versatility in numerous applications. Their unique physical and chemical properties make them desirable for various biomedical applications, but the same properties also raise concerns about their safety to human health, particularly at the cellular level. The vascular endothelium could be exposed to nanomaterials either by direct intravenous administration in nanomedicine or by translocation following inhalational exposure in an occupational setting. We hypothesized that direct exposure to MWCNTs will increase the expression of inflammatory markers in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). We also investigated the effect of the route of exposure on activation by changing the suspension medium of the MWCNTs. HAEC were treated in vitro with MWCNTs (1 or 10 μg/cm(2)) suspended in either cell culture medium [(M)-MWCNTs] or 10% clinical grade pulmonary surfactant [(S)-MWCNTs]. The zeta potential of the (S)-MWCNTs was significantly more negative than the (M)-MWCNTs suggesting a more stable suspension. Treatment of HAEC with (S)-MWCNTs; as compared to (M)-MWCNTs resulted in a significantly higher up-regulation of mRNA transcripts for cell adhesion molecules VCAM1, SELE, ICAM1 and the chemokine CCL2. Time dependent changes in VCAM1 and CCL2 protein levels were confirmed by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and ELISA. A label free quantitative mass spectrometry proteomic analysis was utilized to compare protein expression patterns between the two suspensions of MWCNTs. We identified significant expression changes in >200 unique proteins in MWCNT treated HAEC. However, the two suspensions of MWCNTs resulted in different protein expression patterns with the eIF2 pathway as the only common pathway identified between the two suspensions. These data suggest that direct exposure to MWCNTs induces acute inflammatory and protein expression changes in HAEC, which is influenced by the type of media used for suspension of MWCNTs and their resulting zeta potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achini K Vidanapathirana
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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30
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Ntim SA, Sae-Khow O, Desai C, Witzmann FA, Mitra S. Size dependent aqueous dispersibility of carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:2772-9. [PMID: 22972403 DOI: 10.1039/c2em30405h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The size dependent colloidal behavior of aqueous dispersions of carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNTs) is presented. The presence of carboxylic groups provided electrostatic stabilization in water, where the size affected agglomeration. While aspect ratio did not show any definite correlation, the hydrophobicity indices (HI), zeta potential and aggregation kinetics showed dependence on the length of the c-MWCNTs where the shorter c-MWCNTs showed significantly lower HI values, smaller particle aggregates, higher zeta potential values and higher critical coagulation concentrations (ccc) in the presence of electrolytes. Although the diameter of the short c-MWCNTs did not appear to influence their aggregation behavior, the longer c-MWCNTs showed a dependence on diameter where stability decreased with increasing CNT diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Addo Ntim
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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31
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Koehler G, Wilson RC, Goodpaster JV, Sønsteby A, Lai X, Witzmann FA, You JS, Rohloff J, Randall SK, Alsheikh M. Proteomic study of low-temperature responses in strawberry cultivars (Fragaria x ananassa) that differ in cold tolerance. Plant Physiol 2012; 159:1787-805. [PMID: 22689892 PMCID: PMC3425213 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.198267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To gain insight into the molecular basis contributing to overwintering hardiness, a comprehensive proteomic analysis comparing crowns of octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cultivars that differ in freezing tolerance was conducted. Four cultivars were examined for freeze tolerance and the most cold-tolerant cultivar ('Jonsok') and least-tolerant cultivar ('Frida') were compared with a goal to reveal how freezing tolerance is achieved in this distinctive overwintering structure and to identify potential cold-tolerance-associated biomarkers. Supported by univariate and multivariate analysis, a total of 63 spots from two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis and 135 proteins from label-free quantitative proteomics were identified as significantly differentially expressed in crown tissue from the two strawberry cultivars exposed to 0-, 2-, and 42-d cold treatment. Proteins identified as cold-tolerance-associated included molecular chaperones, antioxidants/detoxifying enzymes, metabolic enzymes, pathogenesis-related proteins, and flavonoid pathway proteins. A number of proteins were newly identified as associated with cold tolerance. Distinctive mechanisms for cold tolerance were characterized for two cultivars. In particular, the 'Frida' cold response emphasized proteins specific to flavonoid biosynthesis, while the more freezing-tolerant 'Jonsok' had a more comprehensive suite of known stress-responsive proteins including those involved in antioxidation, detoxification, and disease resistance. The molecular basis for 'Jonsok'-enhanced cold tolerance can be explained by the constitutive level of a number of proteins that provide a physiological stress-tolerant poise.
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32
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Kohr M, Lai X, Moberly SP, Berwick ZC, Witzmann FA, Tune JD. Augmented coronary vasoconstriction to epicardial perivascular adipose tissue in metabolic syndrome. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.866.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Kohr
- Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - Xianyin Lai
- Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - Steven P Moberly
- Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - Zachary C Berwick
- Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - Frank A Witzmann
- Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - Johnathan D Tune
- Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
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33
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Banga A, Witzmann FA, Petrache HI, Blazer-Yost BL. Functional effects of nanoparticle exposure on Calu-3 airway epithelial cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 29:197-212. [PMID: 22415089 DOI: 10.1159/000337601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of manufactured carbon nanoparticles (CNP) are known to cause oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and granuloma formation in respiratory epithelia. To examine the effects of lower, more physiologically relevant concentrations, the human airway epithelial cell line, Calu-3, was used to evaluate potential alterations in transepithelial permeability and cellular function of airway epithelia after exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations of carbon nanoparticles. Three common carbon nanoparticles, fullerenes, single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT, MWCNT) were used in these experiments. Electrophysiological measurements were performed to assay transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and epinephrine-stimulated chloride (Cl(-)) ion secretion of epithelial cell monolayers that had been exposed to nanoparticles for three different times (1 h, 24 h and 48 h) and over a 7 log unit range of concentrations. Fullerenes did not have any effect on the TEER or stimulated ion transport. However, the carbon nanotubes (CNT) significantly decreased TEER and inhibited epinephrine-stimulated Cl(-) secretion. The changes were time dependent and at more chronic exposures caused functional effects which were evident at concentrations substantially lower than have been previously examined. The functional changes manifested in response to physiologically relevant exposures would inhibit mucociliary clearance mechanisms and compromise the barrier function of airway epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiraj Banga
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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34
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Rithidech KN, Lai X, Honikel L, Reungpatthanaphong P, Witzmann FA. Identification of proteins secreted into the medium by human lymphocytes irradiated in vitro with or without adaptive environments. Health Phys 2012; 102:39-53. [PMID: 22134077 PMCID: PMC3744879 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e31822833af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence to support the hypothesis of adaptive response, a phenomenon in which protection arises from a low-dose radiation (<0.1 Gy) against damage induced by subsequent exposure to high-dose radiation. The molecular mechanisms underlying such protection are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to fill this knowledge gap. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics was used to characterize global protein expression profiles in the medium collected from human lymphocyte cultures given sham irradiation (0 Gy) or a priming low dose of 0.03 Gy 137Cs γ rays 4 h prior to a challenging dose of 1 Gy 137Cs γ rays. Adaptive response was determined by decreased micronucleus frequencies in lymphocytes receiving low dose irradiation prior to high dose irradiation compared to those receiving only high dose irradiation. Adaptive response was found in these experiments. Proteomic analysis of media revealed: (a) 55 proteins with similar abundance in both groups; (b) 23 proteins in both groups, but 7 of them were high abundance in medium with adaptive environment, while 16 high abundance proteins were in medium without adaptive environment; (c) 17 proteins in medium with adaptive environment only; and (d) 8 proteins in medium without adaptive environment only. The results provide a foundation for improving understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of low dose radiation that, in turn, will have an important impact on radiation risk estimation. Hence, these studies are highly relevant to radiation protection due to an increased use of low dose radiation in daily life (e.g., medical diagnosis or airport safety) or an unavoidable exposure to low level background radiation.
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35
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Ott LW, Resing KA, Sizemore AW, Heyen JW, Cocklin RR, Pedrick NM, Woods HC, Chen JY, Goebl MG, Witzmann FA, Harrington MA. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α- and Interleukin-1-Induced Cellular Responses: Coupling Proteomic and Genomic Information. J Proteome Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200763q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Lai X, Wang L, Tang H, Witzmann FA. A novel alignment method and multiple filters for exclusion of unqualified peptides to enhance label-free quantification using peptide intensity in LC-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4799-812. [PMID: 21888428 DOI: 10.1021/pr2005633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Though many software packages have been developed to perform label-free quantification of proteins in complex biological samples using peptide intensities generated by LC-MS/MS, two critical issues are generally ignored in this field: (i) peptides have multiple elution patterns across runs in an experiment, and (ii) many peptides cannot be used for protein quantification. To address these two key issues, we have developed a novel alignment method to enable accurate peptide peak retention time determination and multiple filters to eliminate unqualified peptides for protein quantification. Repeatability and linearity have been tested using six very different samples, i.e., standard peptides, kidney tissue lysates, HT29-MTX cell lysates, depleted human serum, human serum albumin-bound proteins, and standard proteins spiked in kidney tissue lysates. At least 90.8% of the proteins (up to 1,390) had CVs ≤ 30% across 10 technical replicates, and at least 93.6% (up to 2,013) had R(2) ≥ 0.9500 across 7 concentrations. Identical amounts of standard protein spiked in complex biological samples achieved a CV of 8.6% across eight injections of two groups. Further assessment was made by comparing mass spectrometric results to immunodetection, and consistent results were obtained. The new approach has novel and specific features enabling accurate label-free quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.
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37
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Sypniewska RK, Millenbaugh NJ, Kiel JL, Blystone RV, Ringham HN, Mason PA, Witzmann FA. Protein changes in macrophages induced by plasma from rats exposed to 35 GHz millimeter waves. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 31:656-63. [PMID: 20683908 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A macrophage assay and proteomic screening were used to investigate the biological activity of soluble factors in the plasma of millimeter wave-exposed rats. NR8383 rat macrophages were incubated for 24 h with 10% plasma from male Sprague-Dawley rats that had been exposed to sham conditions, or exposed to 42 °C environmental heat or 35 GHz millimeter waves at 75 mW/cm² until core temperature reached 41.0 °C. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, image analysis, and Western blotting were used to analyze approximately 600 protein spots in the cell lysates for changes in protein abundance and levels of 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of macrophage stimulation. Proteins of interest were identified using peptide mass fingerprinting. Compared to plasma from sham-exposed rats, plasma from environmental heat- or millimeter wave-exposed rats increased the expression of 11 proteins, and levels of 3-nitrotyrosine in seven proteins, in the NR8383 cells. These altered proteins are associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism. Findings of this study indicate both environmental heat and 35 GHz millimeter wave exposure elicit the release of macrophage-activating mediators into the plasma of rats.
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38
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Lai X, Clack JW, Ntim SA, Mitra S, Witzmann FA. Protein expression profiling of Caco‐2/HT29‐MTX co‐culture after functionalized carbon nanotube exposure. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.863.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular & Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - James W. Clack
- Department of BiologyIndiana University Purdue University ColumbusColumbusIN
| | - Susana Ado Ntim
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ
| | - Somenath Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Department of Cellular & Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
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Richardson MR, Lai X, Witzmann FA, Yoder MC. Venous and arterial endothelial proteomics: mining for markers and mechanisms of endothelial diversity. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 7:823-31. [PMID: 21142885 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the inside of arterial and venous blood vessels in a continuous monolayer and have the important function of responding to environmental cues to regulate vascular tone and new blood vessel formation. They also have well-defined roles in supporting tumorigenesis, and alterations in their function lead to cardiovascular disease. Consequently, ECs have been studied extensively as a cellular model of both normal and abnormal physiology. Despite their importance and the increased utility of proteomic tools in medical research, there are relatively few publications on the topic of vascular endothelial proteomics. A thorough search of the literature mined 52 publications focused exclusively on arterial and/or venous endothelial proteomics. These studies mostly relied upon examination of whole-cell lysates from cultured human umbilical vein ECs to investigate in vitro effects of various molecules, such as VEGF in the context of altering human umbilical vein EC functions related to angiogenesis. Only a few of these publications focused solely on a proteomic characterization of ECs and our analysis further revealed a lack of published studies incorporating proteomic analysis of freshly isolated ECs from tissues or in vitro conditions that mimic in vivo variables, such as oxygen tension and shear stress. It is the purpose of this article to account for the diversity of vascular EC proteomic investigations and comment on the issues that have been and should be addressed in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Richardson
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Ntim SA, Sae-Khow O, Witzmann FA, Mitra S. Effects of polymer wrapping and covalent functionalization on the stability of MWCNT in aqueous dispersions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 355:383-8. [PMID: 21236442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The colloidal behavior of aqueous dispersions of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (F-CNTS) formed via carboxylation and polymer wrapping with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) is presented. The presence of polymer on the nanotube surface provided steric stabilization, and the aggregation behavior of the colloidal system was quite different from its covalently functionalized analog. Based on hydrophobicity index, particle size distribution, zeta potential as well as the aggregation kinetics studied using time-resolved dynamic light scattering, the PVP wrapped CNT was somewhat less prone to agglomeration. However, its long-term stability was lower, and this was attributed to the partial unwrapping of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone layer on the CNT surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Addo Ntim
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Richardson MR, Segu ZM, Price MO, Lai X, Witzmann FA, Mechref Y, Yoder MC, Price FW. Alterations in the aqueous humor proteome in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Mol Vis 2010; 16:2376-83. [PMID: 21139973 PMCID: PMC2994738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a progressive disorder characterized by corneal endothelial decompensation leading to corneal edema, clouding, and vision impairment. Despite improved understanding over the last century since its first description, the exact mechanism(s) behind the pathogenesis of FECD remain unknown, and surgical correction is the only effective treatment available. Previous studies have suggested a role for changes in aqueous humor (AH) composition in FECD pathogenesis, so to explore this possibility, we probed the AH proteome for alterations correlating with end-stage corneal disease. Following albumin depletion we performed label-free quantitative tandem mass spectrometry on proteins isolated from patients with and without FECD who were scheduled to undergo routine cataract extraction. We identified 64 proteins, most of which were identified in previous AH proteomic studies of patients with cataracts, in the albumin-depleted fraction. The levels of five of these were significantly lower (afamin, complement C3, histidine-rich glycoprotein, immunoglobulin heavy [IgH], and protein family with sequence similarity 3, member C [FAM3C]), while the levels of one (suprabasin) was significantly higher in patients with FECD compared to controls (p≤0.01). We also identified 34 proteins in the albumin-bound fraction, four of which were significantly elevated in patients with FECD including a hemoglobin fragment, immunoglobulin kappa (IgK), immunoglobulin lambda (IgL), and uncharacterized protein albumin (ALB), (p≤0.01). Although it has been reported that females have a greater extent of disease than males, we were unable to detect any significant differences in protein levels due to gender. Because FECD is a progressive disorder, regression analyses were performed to determine any significant correlations with age, and of interest retinol-binding protein 3 was significantly correlated with age in patients with FECD (p≤0.01), whereas no proteins in the control group correlated with age. This is the first report indicating alterations in the AH proteome with FECD, and taken together this study suggests several novel hypotheses regarding AH proteins role in FECD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaneer M. Segu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | | | - Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Mervin C. Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Blazer-Yost BL, Banga A, Amos A, Chernoff E, Lai X, Li C, Mitra S, Witzmann FA. Effect of carbon nanoparticles on renal epithelial cell structure, barrier function, and protein expression. Nanotoxicology 2010; 5:354-71. [PMID: 21067278 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2010.514076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To assess effects of carbon nanoparticle (CNP) exposure on renal epithelial cells, fullerenes (C(60)), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were incubated with a confluent renal epithelial line for 48 h. At low concentrations, CNP-treated cells exhibited significant decreases in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) but no changes in hormone-stimulated ion transport or CNP-induced toxicity or stress responses as measured by lactate dehydrogenase or cytokine release. The changes in TEER, manifested as an inverse relationship with CNP concentration, were mirrored by an inverse correlation between dose and changes in protein expression. Lower, more physiologically relevant, concentrations of CNP have the most profound effects on barrier cell function and protein expression. These results indicate an impact of CNPs on renal epithelial cells at concentrations lower than have been previously studied and suggest caution with regard to increasing CNP levels entering the food chain due to increasing environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L Blazer-Yost
- Department of Biology , Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Mason SB, Lai X, Ringham HN, Bacallao RL, Harris PC, Witzmann FA, Gattone VH. Differential expression of renal proteins in a rodent model of Meckel syndrome. Nephron Clin Pract 2010; 117:e31-8. [PMID: 20693816 DOI: 10.1159/000319722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meckel syndrome (MKS) is a fatal autosomal recessive condition with prominent renal cystic pathology. Renal protein misexpression was evaluated in the Wpk rat model of human MKS3 gene disease to identify biomarkers for the staging of renal cystic progression. METHODS Misexpressed proteins were compared between early and late stages of MKS renal cystic disease using proteomic analysis (two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with LC-MS/MS identification) followed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS A proteomic analysis identified 76 proteins with statistically different, normalized abundance in at least one group. Subsequently, Western blot was used to confirm differential expression in several of these and polycystic kidney disease (PKD)-associated proteins. Galectin-1 and vimentin were identified as overexpressed proteins, which have been previously found in the jck mouse model of nephronophthisis 9. Ciliopathic PKD proteins, polycystins 1 & 2, and fibrocystin were also differentially expressed in Wpk kidney. CONCLUSION In the Wpk rat, misexpressed proteins were identified that were also implicated in other forms of cystic disease. Numerous proteins were either over- or underexpressed in late-stage disease. Differences in protein expression may serve as biomarkers of cystic disease and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Mason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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Mason SB, Eggleston‐Gulyas T, Lai X, Witzmann FA, Gattone VH. Hepatopancreaticobiliary pathology in the PCK model of ARPKD. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.446.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianyin Lai
- Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
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Lai X, Blazer-Yost BL, Gattone VH, Muchatuta MN, Witzmann FA. Protein composition of liver cyst fluid from the BALB/c-cpk/+ mouse model of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Proteomics 2009; 9:3775-82. [PMID: 19639592 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cysts arising from hepatic bile ducts are a common extra-renal pathology associated with polycystic kidney disease in humans. As an initial step in identifying active components that could contribute to disease progression, we have investigated the protein composition of hepatic cyst fluid in an orthologous animal model of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, heterozygous (BALB/c-cpk/+) mice. Proteomic analysis of cyst fluid tryptic digests using LC-MS/MS identified 303 proteins, many of which are consistent with enhanced inflammatory cell processes, cellular proliferation, and basal laminar fibrosis associated with the development of hepatic bile duct cysts. Protein identifications have been submitted to the PRIDE database (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride), accession number 9227.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Mason SB, Lai X, Bacallao RL, Blazer-Yost BL, Gattone VH, Wang KC, Witzmann FA. The biomarker enriched proteome of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease cyst fluid. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:1247-1250. [PMID: 20526430 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the development of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys of patients. We recently published our description of the proteome of renal cyst fluid in ADPKD. As a follow-up experiment, we hypothesized that the protein-bound subfraction consists of molecules of mechanistic or diagnostic interest in ADPKD. Using a manual biomarker enrichment kit, we have identified 44 distinct proteins in human cyst fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Mason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Abstract
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) continues to be a useful approach to study protein expression. Although liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric approaches that overcome some of the limitations and labour intensity of 2DGE are increasingly popular, this electrophoretic approach still has exceptional relevance in toxicology. Despite the technical challenges, pharmacologists/toxicologists continue to use gel-based proteomics to assess the biological and health effects of chemical treatment and exposure. This brief review addresses the use of 2DGE-based proteomics in drug development and toxicology, emphasising its unique strengths and weaknesses, and considers recent developments in this strategy that have evolved to directly confront the issues of dynamic range and reproducibility that have previously limited the overall use of 2D electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Witzmann
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Biotechnology & Research Training Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Lai X, Liangpunsakul S, Crabb DW, Ringham HN, Witzmann FA. A proteomic workflow for discovery of serum carrier protein-bound biomarker candidates of alcohol abuse using LC-MS/MS. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2207-14. [PMID: 19544491 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis and care of patients with alcohol abuse and dependence is hampered by a lack of sensitive and specific screening and monitoring tests. Proteomics is a good approach to search for biomarkers of alcohol abuse. Serum carrier protein-bound proteins have attracted significant interest because they remain a relatively un-mined region of the proteome. In the present study, a proteomic workflow including LC-MS/MS with enrichment of serum carrier protein-bound biomarkers technique was applied to profile the changes in quality and quantity of serum carrier protein-bound proteins for the discovery of novel biomarker candidates of alcohol abuse. In total, 311 proteins identified with high confidence were discovered to be bound to serum carrier proteins. Complement isoforms, Ig fragments, and apolipoprotein family proteins are the main serum carrier-bound proteins. Protein quantification analysis with and without concern as to gender revealed that gender is a critical consideration for biomarker development in alcohol abuse. Identified proteins not previously associated with alcohol abuse include gelsolin, selenoprotein P, serotransferrin, tetranectin, hemopexin, histidine-rich glycoprotein, plasma kallikrein, and vitronectin. Altered abundance of these proteins suggests that they may be potential novel biomarkers for alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Richardson MR, Lai X, Dixon JL, Sturek M, Witzmann FA. Diabetic dyslipidemia and exercise alter the plasma low-density lipoproteome in Yucatan pigs. Proteomics 2009; 9:2468-83. [PMID: 19402046 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a predominant role in atherogenesis, the low-density lipoproteome has not been fully characterized. Moreover, alterations from a Western diet, diabetes, and physical inactivity on this proteome have yet to be determined. Accordingly, relative quantification was determined in LDL proteins from male Yucatan diabetic dyslipidemic (DD) swine in the early stages of atherosclerosis compared to healthy control (C) and non-diabetic hyperlipidemic (H) swine. Importantly, coronary vascular dysfunction was prevented by aerobic exercise training in these animals (DDX) without altering total LDL concentration. Using 2-DE, Western blot, label-free quantitative MS, and selected reaction monitoring, alterations in the abundance of apolipoproteins A-I, B, C-III, D, E, and J and noncovalently associated proteins were determined in LDL isolated using fast protein liquid chromatography. At least 28 unique proteins, many of which were novel, were identified with high confidence. An apolipoprotein E isoform demonstrated stronger correlation to disease (percent of coronary artery segments with intimal thickening) than some traditional risk factors (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and LDL/HDL cholesterol). Taken together, this work identifies new possible biomarkers, potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis, and generates new hypotheses regarding the role of LDL in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Richardson
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Liangpunsakul S, Lai X, Ringham HN, Crabb DW, Witzmann FA. Serum Proteomic Profiles In Subjects with Heavy Alcohol Abuse. J Proteomics Bioinform 2009; 2:236-243. [PMID: 19672327 PMCID: PMC2724013 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The abuse of alcohol is a major public health problem, and the diagnosis and care of patients with alcohol abuse and dependence is hindered by the lack of tests that can detect dangerous levels of drinking or relapse during therapy. Gastroenterologists and other healthcare providers find it very challenging to obtain an accurate alcohol drinking history. We hypothesized that the effects of ethanol on numerous systems may well be reflected in changes in quantity or qualities of constituent or novel plasma proteins or protein fragments. Organ/tissue-specific proteins may be released into the blood stream when cells are injured by alcohol, or when systemic changes are induced by alcohol, and such proteins would be detected using a proteomic approach. The objective of this pilot study was to determine if there are plasma proteome profiles that correlate with heavy alcohol use. METHODS: Paired serum samples, before and after intensive alcohol treatment, were obtained from subjects who attended an outpatient alcohol treatment program. Serum proteomic profiles using MALDI -OTOF Mass Spectrometry were compared between pre- and post treatment samples. RESULTS: Of 16 subjects who enrolled in the study, 8 were females. The mean age of the study subjects was 49 yrs. The baseline laboratory data showed elevated AST (54 ± 37 IU/L), ALT (37 ± 19 IU/L), and MCV (99 ± 5 fl). Self-reported pre-treatment drinking levels for these subjects averaged 17 ± 7drinks/day and 103 ± 37 drinks/week. Mass spectrometry analyses showed a novel 5.9 kDa protein, a fragment of alpha fibrinogen, isoform 1, that might be might be a new novel marker for abusive alcohol drinking. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown in this pilot study that several potential protein markers have appeared in mass spectral profiles and that they may be useful clinically to determine the status of alcohol drinking by MALDI -OTOF mass spectrometry, especially a fragment of alpha fibrinogen, isoform 1. However, a large-scale study is needed to confirm and validate our current results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Clarian/IU Digestive Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Heather N. Ringham
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - David W. Crabb
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Clarian/IU Digestive Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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