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Stem AD, Brindley S, Rogers KL, Salih A, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Johnson RJ, Newman LS, Butler-Dawson J, Krisher L, Brown JM. Exposome and Metabolome Analysis of Sugarcane Workers Reveals Predictors of Kidney Injury. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:1458-1472. [PMID: 38707825 PMCID: PMC11069010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sugarcane workers are exposed to potentially hazardous agrochemicals, including pesticides, heavy metals, and silica. Such occupational exposures present health risks and have been implicated in a high rate of kidney disease seen in these workers. Methods To investigate potential biomarkers and mechanisms that could explain chronic kidney disease (CKD) among this worker population, paired urine samples were collected from sugarcane cutters at the beginning and end of a harvest season in Guatemala. Workers were then separated into 2 groups, namely those with or without kidney function decline (KFD) across the harvest season. Urine samples from these 2 groups underwent elemental analysis and untargeted metabolomics. Results Urine profiles demonstrated increases in silicon, certain pesticides, and phosphorus levels in all workers, whereas heavy metals remained low. The KFD group had a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) across the harvest season; however, kidney injury marker 1 did not significantly change. Cross-harvest metabolomic analysis found trends of fatty acid accumulation, perturbed amino acid metabolism, presence of pesticides, and other known signs of impaired kidney function. Conclusion Silica and certain pesticides were significantly elevated in the urine of sugarcane workers with or without KFD. Future work should determine whether long-term occupational exposure to silica and pesticides across multiple seasons contributes to CKD in these workers. Overall, these results confirmed that multiple exposures are occurring in sugarcane workers and may provide insight into early warning signs of kidney injury and may help explain the increased incidence of CKD among agricultural workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D. Stem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephen Brindley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Keegan L. Rogers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Adil Salih
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Carlos A. Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard J. Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lee S. Newman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jaime Butler-Dawson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lyndsay Krisher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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2
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Risen SJ, Boland SW, Sharma S, Weisman GM, Shirley PM, Latham AS, Hay AJD, Gilberto VS, Hines AD, Brindley S, Brown JM, McGrath S, Chatterjee A, Nagpal P, Moreno JA. Targeting Neuroinflammation by Pharmacologic Downregulation of Inflammatory Pathways Is Neuroprotective in Protein Misfolding Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1533-1547. [PMID: 38507813 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative protein misfolding disorders. This category of progressive diseases includes, but is not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and prion diseases. Shared pathogenesis involves the accumulation of misfolded proteins, chronic neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction, ultimately leading to irreversible neuronal loss, measurable cognitive deficits, and death. Presently, there are few to no effective treatments to halt the advancement of neurodegenerative diseases. We hypothesized that directly targeting neuroinflammation by downregulating the transcription factor, NF-κB, and the inflammasome protein, NLRP3, would be neuroprotective. To achieve this, we used a cocktail of RNA targeting therapeutics (SB_NI_112) shown to be brain-penetrant, nontoxic, and effective inhibitors of both NF-κB and NLRP3. We utilized a mouse-adapted prion strain as a model for neurodegenerative diseases to assess the aggregation of misfolded proteins, glial inflammation, neuronal loss, cognitive deficits, and lifespan. Prion-diseased mice were treated either intraperitoneally or intranasally with SB_NI_112. Behavioral and cognitive deficits were significantly protected by this combination of NF-κB and NLRP3 downregulators. Treatment reduced glial inflammation, protected against neuronal loss, prevented spongiotic change, rescued cognitive deficits, and significantly lengthened the lifespan of prion-diseased mice. We have identified a nontoxic, systemic pharmacologic that downregulates NF-κB and NLRP3, prevents neuronal death, and slows the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Though mouse models do not always predict human patient success and the study was limited due to sample size and number of dosing methods utilized, these findings serve as a proof of principle for continued translation of the therapeutic SB_NI_112 for prion disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the success in a murine prion model, we will continue testing SB_NI_112 in a variety of neurodegenerative disease models, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney J Risen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Sean W Boland
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Sadhana Sharma
- Sachi Bioworks Inc., Colorado Technology Center, 685 South Arthur Avenue, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | - Grace M Weisman
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Payton M Shirley
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Amanda S Latham
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Arielle J D Hay
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Vincenzo S Gilberto
- Sachi Bioworks Inc., Colorado Technology Center, 685 South Arthur Avenue, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | - Amelia D Hines
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Stephen Brindley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Stephanie McGrath
- Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Anushree Chatterjee
- Sachi Bioworks Inc., Colorado Technology Center, 685 South Arthur Avenue, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | - Prashant Nagpal
- Sachi Bioworks Inc., Colorado Technology Center, 685 South Arthur Avenue, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | - Julie A Moreno
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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3
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Shrimpton AJ, Quayle AC, Sleep DL, Brown JM, Cook TM. Quantification of aerosol generation during positive pressure ventilation via a supraglottic airway with an intentional leak. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:318-320. [PMID: 38217363 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A C Quayle
- Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
| | - D L Sleep
- Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
| | - J M Brown
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - T M Cook
- Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
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4
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Rogers KL, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Leiva R, Stem A, Wijkstrom J, Serpas L, González-Quiroz MA, Sasai F, Wernerson A, Schaeffer J, Fox J, Ray M, Bansal A, Urra M, Butler-Dawson J, Lucia S, Newman LS, Glaser J, Johnson RJ, Brown JM. Silica Nanoparticles and Mesoamerican Nephropathy: A Case Series. Am J Kidney Dis 2024; 83:420-423. [PMID: 37877930 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keegan L Rogers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ricardo Leiva
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Rosales, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Arthur Stem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julia Wijkstrom
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lissbeth Serpas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Rosales, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Marvin A González-Quiroz
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador
| | - Fumihiko Sasai
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joshua Schaeffer
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jacob Fox
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew Ray
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anip Bansal
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Manuel Urra
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jaime Butler-Dawson
- Center for Health, Work, & Environment and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Scott Lucia
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lee S Newman
- Center for Health, Work, & Environment and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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5
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Stem AD, Gibb M, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Johnson RJ, Brown JM. Health burden of sugarcane burning on agricultural workers and nearby communities. Inhal Toxicol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38349733 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2316875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane is the most widely cultivated crop in the world, with equatorial developing nations performing most of this agriculture. Burning sugarcane is a common practice to facilitate harvest, producing extremely high volumes of respirable particulate matter in the process. These emissions are known to have deleterious effects on agricultural workers and nearby communities, but the extent of this exposure and potential toxicity remain poorly characterized. As the epidemicof chronic kidney disease of an unknown etiology (CKDu) and its associated mortality continue to increase along with respiratory distress, there is an urgent need to investigate the causes, determine viable interventions to mitigate disease andimprove outcomes for groups experiencing disproportionate impact. The goal of this review is to establish the state of available literature, summarize what is known in terms of human health risk, and provide recommendations for what areas should be prioritized in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D Stem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of CO Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew Gibb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of CO Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of CO Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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6
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Roncal-Jimenez CA, Rogers KL, Stem A, Wijkstrom J, Wernerson A, Fox J, Garcia Trabanino R, Brindley S, Garcia G, Miyazaki M, Miyazaki-Anzai S, Sasai F, Urra M, Cara-Fuentes G, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Butler Dawson J, Madero M, Brown JM, Johnson RJ. Intranasal Administration of Sugarcane Ash Causes Chronic Kidney Disease in Rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F477-F484. [PMID: 38234297 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00251.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Silica nanoparticles found in sugarcane ash have been postulated to be a toxicant contributing to chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu). However, while the administration of manufactured silica nanoparticles is known to cause chronic tubulointerstitial disease in rats, the effect of administering sugarcane ash on kidney pathology remains unknown. Here we investigate whether sugarcane ash can induce CKD in rats. Methods. Sugarcane ash was administered for 13 weeks into the nares of rats (5 mg/day for 5d/week), and blood, urine and kidney tissues were collected at 13 weeks (at the end of ash administration) and in a separate group of rats at 24 weeks (11 weeks after stopping ash administration). Kidney histology was evaluated, and inflammation and fibrosis (collagen deposition) measured. Results. Sugarcane ash exposure led to the accumulation of silica in the kidneys, lungs, liver and spleen of rats. Mild proteinuria developed although renal function was largely maintained. However, biopsies showed focal glomeruli with segmental glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis that tended to worsen even after the ash administration had been stopped. Staining for the lysosomal marker, LAMP-1, showed decreased staining in ash administered rats consistent with lysosomal activation. Conclusion. Sugarcane ash containing silica nanoparticles can cause CKD in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Keegan L Rogers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Arthur Stem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Adams County, United States
| | - Julia Wijkstrom
- CLINTEC, Division of renal medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Fox
- Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Stephen Brindley
- Toxicology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Gabriela Garcia
- Medicine-Nephrology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Auroa, United States
| | - Shinobu Miyazaki-Anzai
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Fumihiko Sasai
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Manuel Urra
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Gabriel Cara-Fuentes
- Medicine-Nephrology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - L Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de CardiologÃ-a, Mexico City, D.F., Mexico
| | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Nefrología y MetaboismoMineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jaime Butler Dawson
- Center for Work, Health, and Environment, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Magdalena Madero
- Division of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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7
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Zell-Baran LM, Venter C, Dabelea D, Norris JM, Glueck DH, Adgate JL, Brown JM, Calafat AM, Pickett-Nairne K, Starling AP. Prenatal exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances and the incidence of asthma in early childhood. Environ Res 2023; 239:117311. [PMID: 37805178 PMCID: PMC10843093 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
EXPOSURE TO POLY: and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in early life may increase the risk of childhood asthma, but evidence has been inconsistent. We estimated associations between maternal serum concentrations of PFAS during pregnancy and clinician-diagnosed asthma incidence in offspring through age eight. We included 597 mother-child pairs with PFAS quantified in mid-pregnancy serum and childhood medical records reviewed for asthma diagnoses. We used separate Cox proportional hazards models to assess the relationship between log-transformed concentrations of five PFAS and the incidence of asthma. We estimated associations between the PFAS mixture and clinician-diagnosed asthma incidence using quantile-based g-computation. PFAS concentrations were similar to those among females in the US general population. Seventeen percent of children (N = 104) were diagnosed with asthma during follow-up. Median (interquartile range) duration of follow-up was 4.7 (4.0, 6.2) years, and median age at asthma diagnosis was 1.7 (0.9, 2.8) years. All adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were elevated, but all 95% confidence intervals (CI) included the null. The HR (95% CI) of asthma for a one-quartile increase in the PFAS mixture was 1.17 (0.86, 1.61). In this cohort of children followed to eight years of age, prenatal PFAS concentrations were not significantly associated with incidence of clinician-diagnosed asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Zell-Baran
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Carina Venter
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Deborah H Glueck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John L Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kaci Pickett-Nairne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anne P Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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8
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Kanber M, Umerah O, Brindley S, Zhang X, Brown JM, Reynolds L, Beltran-Huarac J. Magneto-Mechanical Actuation Induces Endothelial Permeability. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6902-6914. [PMID: 38014849 PMCID: PMC10716818 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment is one of the major health problems that burden our society. According to the American Cancer Society, over 1.9 million new cancer cases and ∼0.6 million deaths from cancer are expected in the US in 2023. Therapeutic targeting is considered to be the gold standard in cancer treatment. However, when a tumor grows beyond a critical size, its vascular system differentiates abnormally and erratically, creating a heterogeneous endothelial barrier that further restricts drug delivery into tumors. While several methods exist, these prompt tumor migration and the appearance of new metastatic sites. Herein, we propose an innovative method based on magneto-mechanical actuation (MMA) to induce endothelial permeability. This method employs FDA-approved PEGylated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (PEG-SPIONs) and alternating nonheating magnetic fields. MMA lies in the translation of magnetic forces into mechanical agitation. As a proof of concept, we developed a 2D cell culture model based on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), which were incubated with PEG-SPIONs and then exposed to different magnetic doses. After adjusting the particle concentration, incubation times, and parameters (amplitude, frequency, and exposure time) of the magnetic field generator, we induced actin filament remodeling and subsequent vascular endothelial-cadherin junction disruption. This led to transient gaps in cell monolayers, through which fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran was translocated. We observed no cell viability reduction for 3 h of particle incubation up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL in the presence and absence of magnetic fields. For optimal permeability studies, the magnetic field parameters were adjusted to 100 mT, 65 Hz, and 30 min in a pulse mode with 5 min OFF intervals. We found that the endothelial permeability reached the highest value (33%) when 2 h postmagnetic field treatment was used. To explain these findings, a magneto-mechanical transduced stress mechanism mediated by intracellular forces was proposed. This method can open new avenues for targeted drug delivery into anatomic regions within the body for a broad range of disease interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kanber
- Department
of Physics, Howell Science Complex, East
Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Obum Umerah
- Brody
School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Stephen Brindley
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Xuanyi Zhang
- Department
of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Lew Reynolds
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Juan Beltran-Huarac
- Department
of Physics, Howell Science Complex, East
Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
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9
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Zell-Baran LM, Dabelea D, Norris JM, Glueck DH, Adgate JL, Brown JM, Harrall KK, Calafat AM, Starling AP. Prenatal Exposure to Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (2009-2014) and Vaccine Antibody Titers of Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella in Children Four to Eight Years Old from the Healthy Start Cohort. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:127018. [PMID: 38147368 PMCID: PMC10750888 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposures to certain poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with reduced humoral responses to some childhood immunizations. OBJECTIVE We estimated associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and child antibody titers for measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and varicella after immunization. METHODS We measured serum antibody titers of 145 children (4-8 y old) enrolled in the Healthy Start cohort in Colorado, whose mothers had PFAS quantified mid-pregnancy (2009-2014). We used linear and logistic regression models to assess the relationship between five PFAS detected in > 65 % of mothers and continuous or non-high-censored ("low") antibody titers and quantile g-computation to evaluate the overall effect of the PFAS mixture. RESULTS Median concentrations of individual PFAS were at or below the median reported among females in the United States. After receiving two vaccine doses, seropositive levels of antibodies were detected among most (93%-100%) children. Each log-unit increase in perfluorononanoate was associated with 2.09 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 3.87] times higher odds of a low measles titer, and each log-unit increase in perfluorooctanoate was associated with 2.46 (95% CI: 1.28, 4.75) times higher odds of a low mumps titer. Odds ratios for all other PFAS were elevated, but CIs included the null. Each quartile increase in the PFAS mixture was associated with 1.35 (95% CI: 0.80, 2.26) times higher odds of a low measles titer and 1.44 (95% CI: 0.78, 2.64) times higher odds of a low mumps titer. No significant associations were observed between PFAS and varicella or rubella antibodies. In stratified analyses, associations were negative among female children, except for perfluorohexane sulfonate and varicella, whereas they were positive among males. DISCUSSION Some prenatal PFAS were associated with lower antibody titers among fully immunized children. The potential for immunotoxic effects of PFAS requires further investigation in a larger study, because exposure is ubiquitous globally. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12863.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Zell-Baran
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Deborah H. Glueck
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John L. Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kylie K. Harrall
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anne P. Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Bacci S, Brown JM, Ribatti D. Editorial: Mast cells in health, disease and forensic practice: a mystery not yet revealed. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1288565. [PMID: 37854663 PMCID: PMC10580062 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1288565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bacci
- Department of Biology, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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11
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Stem AD, Rogers KL, Roede JR, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Johnson RJ, Brown JM. Sugarcane ash and sugarcane ash-derived silica nanoparticles alter cellular metabolism in human proximal tubular kidney cells. Environ Pollut 2023:121951. [PMID: 37301454 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple epidemics of chronic kidney disease of an unknown etiology (CKDu) have emerged in agricultural communities around the world. Many factors have been posited as potential contributors, but a primary cause has yet to be identified and the disease is considered likely multifactorial. Sugarcane workers are largely impacted by disease leading to the hypothesis that exposure to sugarcane ash produced during the burning and harvest of sugarcane could contribute to CKDu. Estimated exposure levels of particles under 10 μm (PM10) have been found to be exceptionally high during this process, exceeding 100 μg/m3 during sugarcane cutting and averaging ∼1800 μg/m3 during pre-harvest burns. Sugarcane stalks consist of ∼80% amorphous silica and generate nano-sized silica particles (∼200 nm) following burning. A human proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) cell line was subjected to treatments ranging in concentration from 0.025 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL of sugarcane ash, desilicated sugarcane ash, sugarcane ash-derived silica nanoparticles (SAD SiNPs) or manufactured pristine 200 nm silica nanoparticles. The combination of heat stress and sugarcane ash exposure on PCT cell responses was also assessed. Following 6-48 h of exposure, mitochondrial activity and viability were found to be significantly reduced when exposed to SAD SiNPs at concentrations 2.5 μg/mL or higher. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and pH changes suggested significant alteration to cellular metabolism across treatments as early as 6 h following exposure. SAD SiNPs were found to inhibit mitochondrial function, reduce ATP generation, increase reliance on glycolysis, and reduce glycolytic reserve. Metabolomic analysis revealed several cellular energetics pathways (e.g., fatty acid metabolism, glycolysis, and TCA cycle) are significantly altered across ash-based treatments. Heat stress did not influence these responses. Such changes indicate that exposure to sugarcane ash and its derivatives can promote mitochondrial dysfunction and disrupt metabolic activity of human PCT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D Stem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Keegan L Rogers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James R Roede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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12
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Brown JM, Steffensen A, Trump B. Clinical features and overall survival of osteosarcoma of the mandible. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 52:524-530. [PMID: 36243646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone sarcoma and is typically found in the distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal humerus. While several factors are known to influence survival, less is known regarding the influence of primary tumor location. This study describes the clinical features and prognosis of mandibular osteosarcoma. The SEER database was utilized to identify cases of mandibular osteosarcoma diagnosed between 2004 and 2015. Sex, age, grade, histological subtype, tumor size, tumor extension, presence of metastasis at diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention were determined. Osteosarcomas originating from other sites were assessed for comparison. There were 164 cases of mandibular osteosarcoma identified, representing 5.5% of all surveyed osteosarcomas. The 2-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates were 79.9%, 65.6% and 58.5%, respectively. Survival was worse for patients with older age, larger tumor size, metastatic disease, and absence of surgical resection. Compared to other sites, mandibular osteosarcomas were significantly smaller tumors and were far less likely to metastasize. Mandibular osteosarcoma manifested at an older age than the more common extremity osteosarcomas and presented with smaller tumors. Rates of metastasis of jaw osteosarcoma were much lower than osteosarcoma found in the extremities, while mortality rates were comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Brown
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| | - A Steffensen
- University of Utah School of Dentistry, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - B Trump
- University of Utah School of Dentistry, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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13
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Zell-Baran LM, Starling AP, Glueck DH, Bekelman TA, Norris JM, Adgate JL, Brown JM, Dabelea D. Vaccination Trends and Family-Level Characteristics Associated With Incomplete or Delayed Childhood Immunizations: The Healthy Start Study. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:524-528. [PMID: 36302397 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221136532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assess family-level factors associated with childhood immunization schedule adherence. DESIGN Prospective cohort; Setting; The Healthy Start study enrolled 1,410 pregnant women in Denver, Colorado 2009-2014. SUBJECTS Children with available vaccination data in medical records (0-6 years old). MEASURES Vaccine schedule completion and compliance. ANALYSIS Logistic regression comparing family-level factors that differ based on vaccine schedule adherence. RESULTS Most immunizations required in Colorado for school entry were below national completion goals with 61.8% of participants (n = 532/861) completing the full vaccination series. Most participants received the first dose of individual vaccines on time (73.5% - 90.7%), but fewer received all doses on time (21.0% - 39.5%). Factors associated with not completing the vaccination series (OR [95% CI]) included: in-utero exposure to cigarette smoke (1.97 [1.41, 2.75]), single parent household (1.70 [1.21, 2.38]), children identified as non-White (Hispanic 1.40 [1.01, 1.94]; Black 1.88 [1.24, 2.85]; Other 2.17 [1.34, 3.49]), mothers not working outside the home (1.98 [1.46, 2.67]), and household income <$70,000 per year (<$40,000 1.93 [1.35, 2.75]; $40,000-$70,000 1.64 [1.09, 2.46]). Conversely, families with more educated mothers (0.47 [0.29, 0.76]) and older parents (0.97 [0.94, 0.99]) were significantly more likely to complete the series. CONCLUSIONS These findings may help identify groups at risk of immunization schedule non-adherence and may be used to target education/advocacy campaigns to reduce hesitancy and increase access in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Zell-Baran
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Anne P Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Deborah H Glueck
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Traci A Bekelman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John L Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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14
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Chen YH, Nguyen D, Brindley S, Ma T, Xia T, Brune J, Brown JM, Tsai CSJ. The dependence of particle size on cell toxicity for modern mining dust. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5101. [PMID: 36991007 PMCID: PMC10060429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractProgressive massive pulmonary fibrosis among coal miners has unexpectedly increased. It would likely due to the greater generation of smaller rock and coal particles produced by powerful equipment used in modern mines. There is limited understanding of the relationship between micro- or nanoparticles with pulmonary toxicity. This study aims to determine whether the size and chemical characteristics of typical coal-mining dust contribute to cellular toxicity. Size range, surface features, morphology, and elemental composition of coal and rock dust from modern mines were characterized. Human macrophages and bronchial tracheal epithelial cells were exposed to mining dust of three sub- micrometer and micrometer size ranges at varying concentrations, then assessed for cell viability and inflammatory cytokine expression. Coal had smaller hydrodynamic size (180–3000 nm) compared to rock (495–2160 nm) in their separated size fractions, more hydrophobicity, less surface charge, and consisted of more known toxic trace elements (Si, Pt, Fe, Al, Co). Larger particle size had a negative association with in-vitro toxicity in macrophages (p < 0.05). Fine particle fraction, approximately 200 nm for coal and 500 nm for rock particles, explicitly induced stronger inflammatory reactions than their coarser counterparts. Future work will study additional toxicity endpoints to further elucidate the molecular mechanism causing pulmonary toxicity and determine a dose–response curve.
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15
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Stroud J, Hao Y, Read TS, Hankiewicz JH, Bilski P, Klodowski K, Brown JM, Rogers K, Stoll J, Camley RE, Celinski Z, Przybylski M. Magnetic particle based MRI thermometry at 0.2 T and 3 T. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 100:43-54. [PMID: 36933774 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study provides insight into the advantages and disadvantages of using ferrite particles embedded in agar gel phantoms as MRI temperature indicators for low-magnetic field scanners. We compare the temperature-dependent intensity of MR images at low-field (0.2 T) to those at high-field (3.0 T). Due to a shorter T1 relaxation time at low-fields, MRI scanners operating at 0.2 T can use shorter repetition times and achieve a significant T2⁎ weighting, resulting in strong temperature-dependent changes of MR image brightness in short acquisition times. Although the signal-to-noise ratio for MR images at 0.2 T MR is much lower than at 3.0 T, it is sufficient to achieve a temperature measurement uncertainty of about ±1.0 °C at 37 °C for a 90 μg/mL concentration of magnetic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Stroud
- UCCS BioFrontiers Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States; Department of Physics and Energy Science, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States
| | - Yu Hao
- UCCS BioFrontiers Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States; Department of Physics and Energy Science, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States
| | - Tim S Read
- UCCS BioFrontiers Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States
| | - Janusz H Hankiewicz
- UCCS BioFrontiers Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States
| | - Pawel Bilski
- Department of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego St. 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Klodowski
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Ave. 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jared M Brown
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Keegan Rogers
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Josh Stoll
- UCCS BioFrontiers Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States; Department of Physics and Energy Science, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States
| | - Robert E Camley
- UCCS BioFrontiers Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States; Department of Physics and Energy Science, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States
| | - Zbigniew Celinski
- UCCS BioFrontiers Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States; Department of Physics and Energy Science, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States
| | - Marek Przybylski
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Ave. 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Ave. 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
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16
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McCollum C, Courtney CM, O’Connor NJ, Aunins TR, Jordan TX, Rogers KL, Brindley S, Brown JM, Nagpal P, Chatterjee A. Safety and Biodistribution of Nanoligomers Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Genome for the Treatment of COVID-19. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1656-1671. [PMID: 36853144 PMCID: PMC10000012 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
As the world braces to enter its fourth year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the need for accessible and effective antiviral therapeutics continues to be felt globally. The recent surge of Omicron variant cases has demonstrated that vaccination and prevention alone cannot quell the spread of highly transmissible variants. A safe and nontoxic therapeutic with an adaptable design to respond to the emergence of new variants is critical for transitioning to the treatment of COVID-19 as an endemic disease. Here, we present a novel compound, called SBCoV202, that specifically and tightly binds the translation initiation site of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase within the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome, inhibiting viral replication. SBCoV202 is a Nanoligomer, a molecule that includes peptide nucleic acid sequences capable of binding viral RNA with single-base-pair specificity to accurately target the viral genome. The compound has been shown to be safe and nontoxic in mice, with favorable biodistribution, and has shown efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Safety and biodistribution were assessed using three separate administration methods, namely, intranasal, intravenous, and intraperitoneal. Safety studies showed the Nanoligomer caused no outward distress, immunogenicity, or organ tissue damage, measured through observation of behavior and body weight, serum levels of cytokines, and histopathology of fixed tissue, respectively. SBCoV202 was evenly biodistributed throughout the body, with most tissues measuring Nanoligomer concentrations well above the compound KD of 3.37 nM. In addition to favorable availability to organs such as the lungs, lymph nodes, liver, and spleen, the compound circulated through the blood and was rapidly cleared through the renal and urinary systems. The favorable biodistribution and lack of immunogenicity and toxicity set Nanoligomers apart from other antisense therapies, while the adaptability of the nucleic acid sequence of Nanoligomers provides a defense against future emergence of drug resistance, making these molecules an attractive potential treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen
R. McCollum
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Colleen M. Courtney
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Sachi Bio, Colorado Technology Center, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | - Nolan J. O’Connor
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Thomas R. Aunins
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Tristan X. Jordan
- Department
of Microbiology, New York University Langone, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Keegan L. Rogers
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Stephen Brindley
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Prashant Nagpal
- Sachi Bio, Colorado Technology Center, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
- Antimicrobial
Regeneration Consortium Labs, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | - Anushree Chatterjee
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Sachi Bio, Colorado Technology Center, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
- Antimicrobial
Regeneration Consortium Labs, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
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17
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Rogers KL, Brown JM. A Single-Step Digestion for the Quantification and Characterization of Trace Particulate Silica Content in Biological Matrices Using Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:816-827. [PMID: 35195856 PMCID: PMC9395550 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in food products, materials science, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals has raised questions about potential hazards in the environment and in human health. Although SiNPs are generally thought to be benign, recent studies have demonstrated toxicity in different cell and animal models. Despite their ubiquitous use, SiNPs are rarely analyzed quantitatively. Often, the methods used to analyze silicon and SiNPs are difficult, costly, require the use of dangerous reagents, and are prone to interferences. Additionally, characterization of SiNPs in complex matrices requires extensive sample preparation. To address this, we propose a single-step digestion method for the determination of trace SiNP content in biological matrices. For conventional inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, biological samples are often digested with concentrated HNO3. We found that with conventional ICP-MS, lower limits of detection (LLOD) of silicon are too high for trace analysis. However, we found that SiNPs are stable at a strong acidic pH; thus, concentrated HNO3 could be used to digest biological samples leaving SiNPs intact. Then, by analysis with single particle ICP-MS, we found that the smallest SiNP that could be read was 185 nm in size. The concentration for the LLOD was found to be 0.032 ppb with interday variability in sizing and concentration at 2.5% and 6.8% respectively. Utilizing this method, SiNPs were accurately sized and counted in cell pellets and media. Our proposed method can be used to accurately quantify and characterize SiNPs (or agglomerated SiNPs) larger than the derived LLOD in a variety of biological matrices and will assist in determining relationships between exposures of SiNPs and toxicity in humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keegan L Rogers
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jared M Brown
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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18
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Shrimpton AJ, O'Farrell G, Howes HM, Craven R, Duffen AR, Cook TM, Reid JP, Brown JM, Pickering AE. A quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during awake tracheal intubation. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:587-597. [PMID: 36710390 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol-generating procedures are medical interventions considered high risk for transmission of airborne pathogens. Tracheal intubation of anaesthetised patients is not high risk for aerosol generation; however, patients often perform respiratory manoeuvres during awake tracheal intubation which may generate aerosol. To assess the risk, we undertook aerosol monitoring during a series of awake tracheal intubations and nasendoscopies in healthy participants. Sampling was undertaken within an ultraclean operating theatre. Procedures were performed and received by 12 anaesthetic trainees. The upper airway was topically anaesthetised with lidocaine and participants were not sedated. An optical particle sizer continuously sampled aerosol. Passage of the bronchoscope through the vocal cords generated similar peak median (IQR [range]) aerosol concentrations to coughing, 1020 (645-1245 [120-48,948]) vs. 1460 (390-2506 [40-12,280]) particles.l-1 respectively, p = 0.266. Coughs evoked when lidocaine was sprayed on the vocal cords generated 91,700 (41,907-166,774 [390-557,817]) particles.l-1 which was significantly greater than volitional coughs (p < 0.001). For 38 nasendoscopies in 12 participants, the aerosol concentrations were relatively low, 180 (120-525 [0-9552]) particles.l-1 , however, five nasendoscopies generated peak aerosol concentrations greater than a volitional cough. Awake tracheal intubation and nasendoscopy can generate high concentrations of respiratory aerosol. Specific risks are associated with lidocaine spray of the larynx, instrumentation of the vocal cords, procedural coughing and deep breaths. Given the proximity of practitioners to patient-generated aerosol, airborne infection control precautions are appropriate when undertaking awake upper airway endoscopy (including awake tracheal intubation, nasendoscopy and bronchoscopy) if respirable pathogens cannot be confidently excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Shrimpton
- Anaesthesia, Pain and Critical Care Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
| | - G O'Farrell
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - H M Howes
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - R Craven
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - A R Duffen
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - T M Cook
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospital NHS Trust, Bath, UK
| | - J P Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, UK
| | - J M Brown
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - A E Pickering
- Anaesthesia, Pain and Critical Care Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK.,Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
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19
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Cruz-Hernandez A, Roney A, Goswami DG, Tewari-Singh N, Brown JM. A review of chemical warfare agents linked to respiratory and neurological effects experienced in Gulf War Illness. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:412-432. [PMID: 36394251 PMCID: PMC9832991 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2147257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Over 40% of veterans from the Persian Gulf War (GW) (1990-1991) suffer from Gulf War Illness (GWI). Thirty years since the GW, the exposure and mechanism contributing to GWI remain unclear. One possible exposure that has been attributed to GWI are chemical warfare agents (CWAs). While there are treatments for isolated symptoms of GWI, the number of respiratory and cognitive/neurological issues continues to rise with minimum treatment options. This issue does not only affect veterans of the GW, importantly these chronic multisymptom illnesses (CMIs) are also growing amongst veterans who have served in the Afghanistan-Iraq war. What both wars have in common are their regions and inhaled exposures. In this review, we will describe the CWA exposures, such as sarin, cyclosarin, and mustard gas in both wars and discuss the various respiratory and neurocognitive issues experienced by veterans. We will bridge the respiratory and neurological symptoms experienced to the various potential mechanisms described for each CWA provided with the most up-to-date models and hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cruz-Hernandez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew Roney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dinesh G Goswami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Neera Tewari-Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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20
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McCollum CR, Courtney CM, O’Connor NJ, Aunins TR, Ding Y, Jordan TX, Rogers KL, Brindley S, Brown JM, Nagpal P, Chatterjee A. Nanoligomers Targeting Human miRNA for the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Are Safe and Nontoxic in Mice. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3087-3106. [PMID: 35729709 PMCID: PMC9236218 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The devastating effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have made clear a global necessity for antiviral strategies. Most fatalities associated with infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) result at least partially from uncontrolled host immune response. Here, we use an antisense compound targeting a previously identified microRNA (miRNA) linked to severe cases of COVID-19. The compound binds specifically to the miRNA in question, miR-2392, which is produced by human cells in several disease states. The safety and biodistribution of this compound were tested in a mouse model via intranasal, intraperitoneal, and intravenous administration. The compound did not cause any toxic responses in mice based on measured parameters, including body weight, serum biomarkers for inflammation, and organ histopathology. No immunogenicity from the compound was observed with any administration route. Intranasal administration resulted in excellent and rapid biodistribution to the lungs, the main site of infection for SARS-CoV-2. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies reveal delivery to different organs, including lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen. The compound was largely cleared through the kidneys and excreted via the urine, with no accumulation observed in first-pass organs. The compound is concluded to be a safe potential antiviral treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen R. McCollum
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue,
Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Colleen M. Courtney
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue,
Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Sachi Bioworks, Inc., 685 S
Arthur Ave Unit 5, Colorado Technology Center, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United
States
| | - Nolan J. O’Connor
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue,
Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Thomas R. Aunins
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue,
Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Yuchen Ding
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue,
Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Tristan X. Jordan
- Department of Microbiology, New York
University Langone, New York, New York 10016, United
States
| | - Keegan L. Rogers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora,
Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Stephen Brindley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora,
Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora,
Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Prashant Nagpal
- Sachi Bioworks, Inc., 685 S
Arthur Ave Unit 5, Colorado Technology Center, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United
States
- Antimicrobial Regeneration
Consortium, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United
States
| | - Anushree Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue,
Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Sachi Bioworks, Inc., 685 S
Arthur Ave Unit 5, Colorado Technology Center, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United
States
- Antimicrobial Regeneration
Consortium, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United
States
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21
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Shrimpton AJ, Brown JM, Cook TM, Penfold CM, Reid JP, Pickering AE. Quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation from upper airway suctioning assessed during tracheal intubation and extubation sequences in anaesthetized patients. J Hosp Infect 2022; 124:13-21. [PMID: 35276282 PMCID: PMC9172909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Open respiratory suctioning is defined as an aerosol generating procedure (AGP). Laryngopharyngeal suctioning, used to clear secretions during anaesthesia, is widely managed as an AGP. However, it is uncertain whether upper airway suctioning should be designated as an AGP due to the lack of both aerosol and epidemiological evidence. AIM To assess the relative risk of aerosol generation by upper airway suctioning during tracheal intubation and extubation in anaesthetized patients. METHODS This prospective environmental monitoring study was undertaken in an ultraclean operating theatre setting to assay aerosol concentrations during intubation and extubation sequences, including upper airway suctioning, for patients undergoing surgery (N=19). An optical particle sizer (particle size 0.3-10 μm) sampled aerosol 20 cm above the patient's mouth. Baseline recordings (background, tidal breathing and volitional coughs) were followed by intravenous induction of anaesthesia with neuromuscular blockade. Four periods of laryngopharyngeal suctioning were performed with a Yankauer sucker: pre-laryngoscopy, post-intubation, pre-extubation and post-extubation. FINDINGS Aerosol was reliably detected {median 65 [interquartile range (IQR) 39-259] particles/L} above background [median 4.8 (IQR 1-7) particles/L, P<0.0001] when sampling in close proximity to the patient's mouth during tidal breathing. Upper airway suctioning was associated with a much lower average aerosol concentration than breathing [median 6.0 (IQR 0-12) particles/L, P=0.0007], and was indistinguishable from background (P>0.99). Peak aerosol concentrations recorded during suctioning [median 45 (IQR 30-75) particles/L] were much lower than during volitional coughs [median 1520 (IQR 600-4363) particles/L, P<0.0001] and tidal breathing [median 540 (IQR 300-1826) particles/L, P<0.0001]. CONCLUSION Upper airway suctioning during airway management was not associated with a higher aerosol concentration compared with background, and was associated with a much lower aerosol concentration compared with breathing and coughing. Upper airway suctioning should not be designated as a high-risk AGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Shrimpton
- Anaesthesia, Pain and Critical Care, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - J M Brown
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - T M Cook
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospital NHS Trust, Bath, UK
| | - C M Penfold
- Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J P Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A E Pickering
- Anaesthesia, Pain and Critical Care, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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22
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Rogers KL, Cruz-Hernandez A, Brown JM. A Quantitative Method for Determining Uptake of Silica Nanoparticles in Macrophages by Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e396. [PMID: 35333456 PMCID: PMC8970570 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in our society, with numerous applications in medicine, consumer products, bioremediation, and advanced materials. As these nanomaterials increase in variety, analyzing their characteristics is of great importance. Single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) is a high-throughput, sensitive, and robust instrumental analysis method used to simultaneously characterize and quantify nanoparticles in a variety of matrices. One such type of nanoparticle of interest is amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). SiNPs have widespread use in consumer products such as food and cosmetics and are prime candidates for novel medical applications and uses in environmental bioremediation. Despite their increased use, SiNPs have been shown to have toxicological properties in vitro and in vivo, particularly with regard to the immune system. Because of the potential for increased SiNP exposure in the general public and in occupational settings, examining the relationship that SiNPs have with immune cells such as macrophages to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity is vital. To effectively determine the toxicity of nanoparticles, it is critical to examine dosimetry and the amount of nanoparticles taken up by the cell of interest. Different cell types have different uptake profiles, and varying physicochemical properties govern nanoparticle dosimetry and uptake in cells. Here, we describe a protocol using SP-ICP-MS to quantify and characterize the size, size distribution, and amount of SiNPs present in a cell and medium sample. We use a single-step digestion, which allows for the digestion of biological matrices while simultaneously keeping the SiNPs intact for SP-ICP-MS analysis. Clinically, this approach has the potential to be used as a method for analyzing SiNPs in other biological matrices, potentially as a way of defining SiNP uptake as a biomarker in immune-mediated diseases. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Treatment of cells with silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and digestion of biological matrices Support Protocol 1: Culturing RAW 264.7 cells for SiNP uptake assay Support Protocol 2: Determination of SiNP size via dynamic light scattering Support Protocol 3: Optimization of sample and ICP-MS parameters for SP-ICP-MS analysis of cells and medium Basic Protocol 2: Analysis and quantification of SiNP uptake in macrophages with SP-ICP-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keegan L. Rogers
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Angela Cruz-Hernandez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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23
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Mendoza RP, Anderson CC, Fudge DH, Roede JR, Brown JM. Metabolic Consequences of IgE- and Non-IgE-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation. J Immunol 2021; 207:2637-2648. [PMID: 34732470 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are important effector cells in the immune system and undergo activation (i.e., degranulation) by two major mechanisms: IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated mechanisms. Although IgE-mediated degranulation is well researched, the cellular mechanisms of non-IgE-mediated mast cell activation are poorly understood despite the potential to induce similar pathophysiological effects. To better understand non-IgE mast cell degranulation, we characterized and compared cellular metabolic shifts across several mechanisms of degranulation (allergen-induced [IgE-mediated], 20 nm of silver nanoparticle-mediated [non-IgE], and compound 48/80-mediated [non-IgE]) in murine bone marrow-derived mast cells. All treatments differentially impacted mitochondrial activity and glucose uptake, suggesting diverging metabolic pathways between IgE- and non-IgE-mediated degranulation. Non-IgE treatments depleted mast cells' glycolytic reserve, and compound 48/80 further inhibited the ability to maximize mitochondrial respiration. This cellular reprogramming may be indicative of a stress response with non-IgE treatments. Neither of these outcomes occurred with IgE-mediated degranulation, hinting at a separate programmed response. Fuel flexibility between the three primary mitochondrial nutrient sources was also eliminated in activated cells and this was most significant in non-IgE-mediated degranulation. Lastly, metabolomics analysis of bone marrow-derived mast cells following degranulation was used to compare general metabolite profiles related to energetic pathways. IgE-mediated degranulation upregulated metabolite concentrations for the TCA cycle and glycolysis compared with other treatments. In conclusion, mast cell metabolism varies significantly between IgE- and non-IgE-mediated degranulation suggesting novel cell regulatory mechanisms are potentially driving unexplored pathways of mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Mendoza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Colin C Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Dylan H Fudge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - James R Roede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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24
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Shrimpton AJ, Gregson FKA, Brown JM, Cook TM, Bzdek BR, Hamilton F, Reid JP, Pickering AE. A quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during supraglottic airway insertion and removal. Anaesthesia 2021; 76:1577-1584. [PMID: 34287820 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many guidelines consider supraglottic airway use to be an aerosol-generating procedure. This status requires increased levels of personal protective equipment, fallow time between cases and results in reduced operating theatre efficiency. Aerosol generation has never been quantitated during supraglottic airway use. To address this evidence gap, we conducted real-time aerosol monitoring (0.3-10-µm diameter) in ultraclean operating theatres during supraglottic airway insertion and removal. This showed very low background particle concentrations (median (IQR [range]) 1.6 (0-3.1 [0-4.0]) particles.l-1 ) against which the patient's tidal breathing produced a higher concentration of aerosol (4.0 (1.3-11.0 [0-44]) particles.l-1 , p = 0.048). The average aerosol concentration detected during supraglottic airway insertion (1.3 (1.0-4.2 [0-6.2]) particles.l-1 , n = 11), and removal (2.1 (0-17.5 [0-26.2]) particles.l-1 , n = 12) was no different to tidal breathing (p = 0.31 and p = 0.84, respectively). Comparison of supraglottic airway insertion and removal with a volitional cough (104 (66-169 [33-326]), n = 27), demonstrated that supraglottic airway insertion/removal sequences produced <4% of the aerosol compared with a single cough (p < 0.001). A transient aerosol increase was recorded during one complicated supraglottic airway insertion (which initially failed to provide a patent airway). Detailed analysis of this event showed an atypical particle size distribution and we subsequently identified multiple sources of non-respiratory aerosols that may be produced during airway management and can be considered as artefacts. These findings demonstrate supraglottic airway insertion/removal generates no more bio-aerosol than breathing and far less than a cough. This should inform the design of infection prevention strategies for anaesthetists and operating theatre staff caring for patients managed with supraglottic airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Shrimpton
- Pain and Critical Care Sciences and School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - F K A Gregson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J M Brown
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - T M Cook
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospital NHS Trust, Bath, UK
| | - B R Bzdek
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - F Hamilton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J P Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A E Pickering
- Pain and Critical Care Sciences and School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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25
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Cruz-Hernandez A, Mendoza RP, Nguyen K, Harder A, Evans CM, Bauer AK, Tewari-Singh N, Brown JM. Mast Cells Promote Nitrogen Mustard-Mediated Toxicity in the Lung Associated With Proinflammatory Cytokine and Bioactive Lipid Mediator Production. Toxicol Sci 2021; 184:127-141. [PMID: 34453837 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) has been widely used as a chemical warfare agent including most recently in Syria. Mice exposed to SM exhibit an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines followed by immune cell infiltration in the lung, however, the mechanisms leading to these inflammatory responses has not been completely elucidated. Mast cells are one of the first responding innate immune cells found at the mucosal surfaces of the lung and have been reported to be activated by SM in the skin. Therefore, we hypothesized that nitrogen mustard (NM: a surrogate for SM) exposure promotes activation of mast cells causing chronic respiratory inflammation. To assess the role of mast cells in NM-mediated pulmonary toxicity, we compared the effects of NM exposure between C57BL/6 and B6.Cg-KitW-sh/HNihrJaeBsmJ (KitW-sh; mast cell deficient) mice. Lung injury was observed in C57BL/6J mice following NM exposure (0.125 mg/kg) at 72 h, which was significantly abrogated in KitW-sh mice. Although both strains exhibited damage from NM, C57BL/6J mice had higher inflammatory cell infiltration and more elevated prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with KitW-sh mice. Additionally, we utilized murine bone marrow-derived mast cells to assess NM-induced early and late activation. Although NM exposure did not result in mast cell degranulation, we observed an upregulation in PGD2 and IL-6 levels following exposure to NM. Results suggest that mast cells play a prominent role in lung injury induced by NM and may contribute to the acute and potentially long-term lung injury observed caused by SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cruz-Hernandez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Ryan P Mendoza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Kathleen Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Anna Harder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Alison K Bauer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Neera Tewari-Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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26
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Sasai F, Roncal-Jimenez C, Rogers K, Sato Y, Brown JM, Glaser J, Garcia G, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Dawson JB, Sorensen C, Hernando AA, Gonzalez-Quiroz M, Lanaspa M, Newman LS, Johnson RJ. Climate change and nephrology. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 38:41-48. [PMID: 34473287 PMCID: PMC9869860 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change should be of special concern for the nephrologist, as the kidney has a critical role in protecting the host from dehydration, but it is also a favorite target of heat stress and dehydration. Here we discuss how rising temperatures and extreme heat events may affect the kidney. The most severe presentation of heat stress is heat stroke, which can result in severe electrolyte disturbance and both acute and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, lesser levels of heat stress also have multiple effects, including exacerbating kidney disease and precipitating cardiovascular events in subjects with established kidney disease. Heat stress can also increase the risk for kidney stones, cause multiple electrolyte abnormalities and induce both acute and chronic kidney disease. Recently there have been multiple epidemics of CKD of uncertain etiology in various regions of the world, including Mesoamerica, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand. There is increasing evidence that climate change and heat stress may play a contributory role in these conditions, although other causes, including toxins, could also be involved. As climate change worsens, the nephrologist should prepare for an increase in diseases associated with heat stress and dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Sasai
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carlos Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Keegan Rogers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yuka Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Gabriela Garcia
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City,Instituto Nacional de Cencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Department of Nephrology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Butler Dawson
- Center for Health, Work and Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cecilia Sorensen
- Center for Health, Work and Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ana Andres Hernando
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marvin Gonzalez-Quiroz
- Research Centre on Health, Work and Environment (CISTA), National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua,Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Miguel Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lee S Newman
- Center for Health, Work and Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Shrimpton AJ, Brown JM, Cook TM, Pickering AE. A quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during supraglottic airway insertion and removal. Anaesthesia 2021; 77:230-231. [PMID: 34432884 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J M Brown
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - T M Cook
- Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
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Fogueri U, Charkoftaki G, Roda G, Tuey S, Ibrahim M, Persaud I, Wempe MF, Brown JM, Thurman JM, Anchordoquy TJ, Joy MS. An evaluation of a novel nanoformulation of imatinib mesylate in a mouse model of lupus nephritis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1445-1454. [PMID: 34322850 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Studies have suggested imatinib mesylate (ImM) as a potential treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis (SLEN). However, ImM has limited renal excretion. The goal of the current research was to develop an ImM containing nanoformulation, conduct studies to evaluate pharmacokinetics, and determine whether kidney deposition can be enhanced in a mouse model of SLEN. A fish oil-based ImM oil-in-water nanoemulsion was developed and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, pH, and stability. MRL/MpJ-Faslrp (model of SLEN) and MRL/MpJ (control) mice (12-13 weeks) received one dose of ImM as either a nanoemulsion or naked drug. Pharmacokinetics and kidney deposition studies were performed. Statistics were conducted with a student's T-test. The nanoemulsion characteristics included particle size range of 60-80 nm, zeta potential of -6.6 to -7.8 mV, polydispersity index < 0.3, 3-day stability at 4 °C, and limited ImM leakage from the nanoemulsion in serum. Pharmacokinetics of the nanoformulation showed changes to pharmacokinetic parameters suggesting reduced systemic exposures (with reduced potential for toxicities) to ImM. Kidney deposition of ImM was threefold higher after 4 h in the MRL/MpJ-Faslrp mice that received the nanoformulation vs. naked drug. The current study showed encouraging results for development of a stable and well-characterized nanoemulsion for optimizing kidney deposition of ImM. Future strategies will define dose-efficacy and dose-toxicity relationships and evaluate approaches to further enhance kidney delivery and optimize deposition to the mesangial location of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Fogueri
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gavriel Roda
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stacey Tuey
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mustafa Ibrahim
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Indushekhar Persaud
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael F Wempe
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jared M Brown
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- School of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas J Anchordoquy
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melanie S Joy
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA. .,School of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Brown JM, Yelland MJ, Pullen T, Silva E, Martin A, Gold I, Whittle L, Wisse P. Novel use of social media to assess and improve coastal flood forecasts and hazard alerts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13727. [PMID: 34215770 PMCID: PMC8253846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal communities and infrastructure need protection from flooding and wave overtopping events. Assessment of hazard prediction methods, used in sea defence design, defence performance inspections and forecasting services, requires observations at the land-sea interface but these are rarely collected. Here we show how a database of hindcast overtopping events, and the conditions that cause them, can be built using qualitative overtopping information obtained from social media. We develop a database for a case study site at Crosby in the Northwest of England, use it to test the standard methods applied in operational flood forecasting services and new defence design, and suggest improvements to these methods. This novel approach will become increasingly important to deliver long-term, cost-effective coastal management solutions as sea-levels rise and coastal populations grow. At sites with limited, or no, monitoring or forecasting services, this approach, especially if combined with citizen science initiatives, could underpin the development of simplified early warning systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Brown
- National Oceanography Centre, 6 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L3 5AD, UK.
| | - M J Yelland
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - T Pullen
- HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BA, UK
| | - E Silva
- HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BA, UK
| | - A Martin
- Sefton Council, Trinity Road, Bootle, Liverpool, L20 3NJ, UK
| | - I Gold
- Environment Agency, Richard Fairclough House, Knutsford Road, Warrington, WA4 1HT, UK
| | - L Whittle
- Sefton Council, Trinity Road, Bootle, Liverpool, L20 3NJ, UK
| | - P Wisse
- Sefton Council, Trinity Road, Bootle, Liverpool, L20 3NJ, UK
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30
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Slade AL, Retzer A, Ahmed K, Kyte D, Keeley T, Armes J, Brown JM, Calman L, Gavin A, Glaser AW, Greenfield DM, Lanceley A, Taylor RM, Velikova G, Turner G, Calvert MJ. Systematic review of the use of translated patient-reported outcome measures in cancer trials. Trials 2021; 22:306. [PMID: 33902699 PMCID: PMC8074490 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are used in clinical trials to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of interventions. Inclusion of participants from different ethnic backgrounds is essential for generalisability of cancer trial results. PRO data collection should include appropriately translated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to minimise missing data and sample attrition. METHODS Protocols and/or publications from cancer clinical trials using a PRO endpoint and registered on the National Institute for Health Research Portfolio were systematically reviewed for information on recruitment, inclusion of ethnicity data, and use of appropriately translated PROMs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders to explore barriers and facilitators for optimal PRO trial design, diverse recruitment and reporting, and use of appropriately translated PROMs. RESULTS Eighty-four trials met the inclusion criteria, only 14 (17%) (n = 4754) reported ethnic group data, and ethnic group recruitment was low, 611 (13%). Although 8 (57%) studies were multi-centred and multi-national, none reported using translated PROMs, although available for 7 (88%) of the studies. Interviews with 44 international stakeholders identified a number of perceived barriers to ethnically diverse recruitment including diverse participant engagement, relevance of ethnicity to research question, prominence of PROs, and need to minimise investigator burden. Stakeholders had differing opinions on the use of translated PROMs, the impact of trial designs, and recruitment strategies on diverse recruitment. Facilitators of inclusive research were described and examples of good practice identified. CONCLUSIONS Greater transparency is required when PROs are used as primary or secondary outcomes in clinical trials. Protocols and publications should demonstrate that recruitment was accessible to diverse populations and facilitated by trial design, recruitment strategies, and appropriate PROM usage. The use of translated PROMs should be made explicit when used in cancer clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Slade
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.
| | - A Retzer
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - K Ahmed
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Kyte
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Psychosocial Oncology and Survivorship Clinical Studies Group subgroup: Understanding and measuring the consequences of cancer and its treatment, London, UK
| | - T Keeley
- Patient Centred Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, UK
| | - J Armes
- National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Psychosocial Oncology and Survivorship Clinical Studies Group subgroup: Understanding and measuring the consequences of cancer and its treatment, London, UK.,School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Kent Surrey & Sussex University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - J M Brown
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - L Calman
- National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Psychosocial Oncology and Survivorship Clinical Studies Group subgroup: Understanding and measuring the consequences of cancer and its treatment, London, UK.,Macmillan Survivorship Research Group, Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, UK
| | - A Gavin
- National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Psychosocial Oncology and Survivorship Clinical Studies Group subgroup: Understanding and measuring the consequences of cancer and its treatment, London, UK.,Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - A W Glaser
- National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Psychosocial Oncology and Survivorship Clinical Studies Group subgroup: Understanding and measuring the consequences of cancer and its treatment, London, UK.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D M Greenfield
- National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Psychosocial Oncology and Survivorship Clinical Studies Group subgroup: Understanding and measuring the consequences of cancer and its treatment, London, UK.,Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Lanceley
- National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Psychosocial Oncology and Survivorship Clinical Studies Group subgroup: Understanding and measuring the consequences of cancer and its treatment, London, UK.,Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - R M Taylor
- National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Psychosocial Oncology and Survivorship Clinical Studies Group subgroup: Understanding and measuring the consequences of cancer and its treatment, London, UK.,Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G Velikova
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G Turner
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - M J Calvert
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.,Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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Paruthi A, Brown JM, Panda E, Gautam ARS, Singh S, Misra SK. Transformation in band energetics of CuO nanoparticles as a function of solubility and its impact on cellular response. NanoImpact 2021; 22:100324. [PMID: 34622091 PMCID: PMC8491870 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles under a reactive microenvironment, have the propensity to undergo morphological and compositional changes, which can translate into band edge widening. Although cell membrane depolarization has been linked with the electronic band structure of nanomaterials in their native state, the change in band structure as a consequence of a soluble nanoparticle system is less studied. Therefore we studied the consequence of dissolution of CuO nanoparticles on the band structure and flat band potentials and correlated it with its ability to induce a intracellular oxidative stress. The temporal variation in bandgap, fermi energy level and valence band maxima were evaluated on the remnant CuO nanoparticles post dissolution. CuO nanoparticles showed a very high dissolution in simulated body fluid (51%) and cell culture media (75%). This dissolution resulted in an in situ physico-chemical transformation of CuO nanoparticles. A temporal increase in the bandgap energy as a result of media interaction was up to 107%. Temporal variation in the flat band potentials with the generation of intracellular ROS, cell viability, late and early apoptosis in addition to necrosis on RAW 264.7 cells was established due to biological redox potential overlap. The mRNA expression for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10 in response to the particle treatment was also evalulated for 6 hours. Through this study, we establish that the toxicological potential of CuO nanoparticles is a temporal function of band energies (its overlap with the intracellular redox potential) followed by release of ionic species in the cytotoxic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archini Paruthi
- Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emila Panda
- Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Sanjay Singh
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Superb K. Misra
- Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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32
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Ma Q, Pollard KM, Brown JM, Italiani P, Moghimi SM. Editorial: Immune Mechanisms in the Pathologic Response to Particles, Fibers, and Nanomaterials. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665810. [PMID: 33815427 PMCID: PMC8017123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kenneth Michael Pollard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jared M Brown
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Seyed Moein Moghimi
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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33
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Abstract
Mast cells are essential first responder granulocytes in the innate immune system that are well known for their role in type 1 immune hypersensitivity reactions. Although mostly recognized for their role in allergies, mast cells have a range of influences on other systems throughout the body and can respond to a wide range of agonists to properly prime an appropriate immune response. Mast cells have a dynamic energy metabolism to allow rapid responsiveness to their energetic demands. However, our understanding of mast cell metabolism and its impact on mast cell activation and development is still in its infancy. Mast cell metabolism during stimulation and development shifts between both arms of metabolism: catabolic metabolism-such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation-and anabolic metabolism-such as the pentose phosphate pathway. The potential for metabolic pathway shifts to precede and perhaps even control activation and differentiation provides an exciting opportunity to explore energy metabolism for clues in deciphering mast cell function. In this review, we discuss literature pertaining to metabolic environments and fluctuations during different sources of activation, especially IgE mediated vs. non-IgE mediated, and mast cell development, including progenitor cell types leading to the well-known resident mast cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jared M. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80016, USA; (R.P.M.); (D.H.F.)
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34
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Wang Y, Yang Y, Wang M, Wang S, Jeong JM, Xu L, Wen Y, Emontzpohl C, Atkins CL, Duong K, Moreno NF, Yuan X, Hall DR, Dar W, Feng D, Gao B, Xu Y, Czigany Z, Colgan SP, Bynon JS, Akira S, Brown JM, Eltzschig HK, Jacobsen EA, Ju C. Eosinophils attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice through ST2-dependent IL-13 production. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabb6576. [PMID: 33536281 PMCID: PMC8167890 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb6576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are a myeloid cell subpopulation that mediates type 2 T helper cell immune responses. Unexpectedly, we identified a rapid accumulation of eosinophils in 22 human liver grafts after hepatic transplantation. In contrast, no eosinophils were detectable in healthy liver tissues before transplantation. Studies with two genetic mouse models of eosinophil deficiency and a mouse model of antibody-mediated eosinophil depletion revealed exacerbated liver injury after hepatic ischemia and reperfusion. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived eosinophils normalized liver injury of eosinophil-deficient mice and reduced hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury in wild-type mice. Mechanistic studies combining genetic and adoptive transfer approaches identified a critical role of suppression of tumorigenicity (ST2)-dependent production of interleukin-13 by eosinophils in the hepatoprotection against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. Together, these data provide insight into a mechanism of eosinophil-mediated liver protection that could serve as a therapeutic target to improve outcomes of patients undergoing liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jong-Min Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yankai Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christoph Emontzpohl
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Constance Lynn Atkins
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Duong
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicolas F Moreno
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David R Hall
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wasim Dar
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zoltan Czigany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - J Steve Bynon
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jared M Brown
- School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Downey CL, Croft J, Ainsworth G, Buckley H, Shinkins B, Randell R, Brown JM, Jayne DG. Trial of remote continuous versus intermittent NEWS monitoring after major surgery (TRaCINg): a feasibility randomised controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2020; 6:183. [PMID: 33292669 PMCID: PMC7684886 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite medical advances, major surgery remains high risk with up to 44% of patients experiencing postoperative complications. Early recognition of postoperative complications is crucial in reducing morbidity and preventing long-term disability. The current standard of care is intermittent manual vital signs monitoring, but new wearable remote monitors offer the benefits of continuous vital signs monitoring without limiting the patient's mobility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and clinical outcomes of continuous remote monitoring after major surgery. METHODS The study was a randomised, controlled, unblinded, parallel group, feasibility trial. Adult patients undergoing elective major surgery were randomly assigned to receive continuous remote monitoring and normal National Early Warning Score (NEWS) monitoring (intervention group) or normal NEWS monitoring alone (control group). Continuous remote monitoring was achieved using the SensiumVitals® wireless patch which is worn on the patient's chest and monitors heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature continuously, and alerts the nurse when there is deviation from pre-set physiological norms. Feasibility was assessed by evaluating recruitment rate, adherence to protocol and randomisation and the amount of missing data. Clinical outcomes included time to antibiotics in cases of sepsis, length of hospital stay, number of critical care admissions and rate of hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-six patients were randomised between October 2018 and April 2019: 67 to the control group and 69 to the intervention group. Recruitment was completed prior to the 12 month target with a high rate of eligibility and consent. Missing data was limited only to questionnaire responses; no participants were lost to follow-up and only one participant was withdrawn due to loss of capacity. The number of patients classed as 'drop-out' due to design (8.1%) were less than anticipated, and there were no participants who crossed over into the alternative trial allocation group. Seventeen participants in the intervention group (28%) did not adhere to the monitoring protocol. No formal comparisons between arms was undertaken; however, participants had fewer unplanned critical care admissions (1 versus 5) and had a shorter average length of hospital stay (11.6 days (95% confidence interval 9.5-13.7 days) versus 16.2 days (95% confidence interval 11.3-21.2 days)) in the continuous vital signs monitoring group. The time taken to receive antibiotics in cases of sepsis was similar in both arms. A cost-utility analysis indicated that the remote monitoring system was cost-saving when compared to standard NEWS monitoring alone. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to perform a large-scale randomised controlled trial of continuous remote monitoring after major surgery. Progression to a definitive multicentre randomised controlled trial would be appropriate, taking consideration of factors, such as patient adherence, that might mask the potential benefit of additional monitoring. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry with study ID ISRCTN16601772 . Registered 30 August 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Downey
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- St James's University Hospital, Level 7, Clinical Sciences Building, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - J Croft
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - G Ainsworth
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - H Buckley
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - B Shinkins
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - R Randell
- School of Healthcare, Baines Wing, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J M Brown
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - D G Jayne
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
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36
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Emmerson J, Brown JM. Understanding Survival Analysis in Clinical Trials. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 33:12-14. [PMID: 32788065 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Emmerson
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - J M Brown
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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37
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Cruz-Hernandez AA, Mendoza R, Brown JM. Investigating the role of mast cell activation by nitrogen mustard in lung toxicity. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.74.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWA) were widely used during the Gulf War (1990–1991) and as a result left ~30% of veterans suffering from Gulf War Illness (GWI). The vesicating agent, sulfur mustard (SM) is one of the most noteworthy CWA used during this time. Prior research has demonstrated that SM targets the bone marrow and has the potential to influence immune cells. In the skin, SM is reported to induce mast cell degranulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if nitrogen mustard (NM) (a surrogate for SM) promotes activation of mast cells. Using murine bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs) we assessed activation through degranulation, eicosanoid expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. While NM exposure (1μM–50μM) did not result in mast cell degranulation, we observed a 30-fold increase of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA production at 10μM at 6h. In addition, IL-6 production by BMMCs post 24h exposure to NM demonstrated a dose dependent increase indicative of late phase activation. To further demonstrate a pivotal role for mast cells in NM exposure, we compared the effects of NM exposure on lung pathology between C57BL/6 and B6.Cg-KitW-sh/ HNihrJaeBsmJ (mast cell deficient) mice. Significant lung injury was observed in C57BL/6J following NM exposure at 72 hrs as indicated by H&E staining. In contrast, significantly less injury was observed in mast cell deficient mice. Similarly, increases in total protein and IL-6 was observed in C57BL/6 mice but not mast cell deficient mice. These results suggest that mast cells play a prominent role in the injury induced by NM and may contribute to symptoms observed in GWI.
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Mendoza RP, Anderson CC, Roede JR, Brown JM. Potential role of thioredoxin-interacting protein in non-IgE mast cell degranulation. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.148.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Non-IgE mediated pathways of mast cell degranulation result in similar pathological outcomes as IgE mediated degranulation without prior IgE sensitization thereby making it difficult to identify causative agents and develop therapeutics for patients. We have demonstrated that 20 nm silver nanoparticles (AgNP) induce non-IgE mast cell degranulation through an unknown mechanism. However, we have established that this non-IgE response is strain dependent with C57BL/6 bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs) being high responders and LP/J BMMCs being low responders. Further, RNA sequencing of high-responder and low-responder BMMCs demonstrated a significant increase in thioredoxin-interacting protein (txnip) in the low-responders after AgNP mediated degranulation. We explored this protein to determine its regulatory potential in non-IgE mast cell degranulation. At 1hr following exposure to AgNP, txnip mRNA levels increased in LP/J but not C57BL/6 which confirmed RNAseq results. Txnip protein levels were similarly decreased in BMMCs from both strains at 1hr; however, there was an increase in the low-responder BMMCs at six hours post-exposure that did not occur in the high-responder BMMCs. siRNA knockdown of txnip resulted in increased BMMC degranulation by AgNP. Txnip is strongly involved in cellular metabolism. Seahorse XfP results demonstrated a lower energy and glycolytically focused phenotype in low-responders compared to high-responders. C57BL/6 have significantly lowered glycolytic capacity after AgNP-mediated degranulation not present in LP/J. Our data suggests that txnip plays a role in non-IgE mediated mast cell degranulation and may modulate cellular metabolism.
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Alsaleh NB, Minarchick VC, Mendoza RP, Sharma B, Podila R, Brown JM. Silver nanoparticle immunomodulatory potential in absence of direct cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and MPRO 2.1 neutrophils. J Immunotoxicol 2020; 16:63-73. [PMID: 31282784 PMCID: PMC7135879 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2019.1588928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are being used in a wide range of consumer products and pharmaceuticals; hence, there is an increasing risk for human exposure and potential adverse outcomes. The immune system, vital in host defense and protection against environmental agents, is typically initiated and executed by innate effector immune cells including macrophages and neutrophils. Previous literature has reported the immune system as a major target of ENM toxicity; however, there is inconsistency regarding the immunotoxicity of ENM. This could be attributed to differences in ENM physicochemical properties, cellular models examined, biocorona formation, etc. Thus, the current study examined the toxicity and immunomodulatory effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), one of the most utilized ENM in consumer and medical products, in two key innate immune cell models, e.g. RAW 264.7 cells (macrophages) and differentiated MPRO 2.1 cells (promyelocytes/neutrophils). The results showed that despite a generation of reactive oxygen species, exposure to 20 nm citrate-coated AgNP was not associated with major oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, nor cytotoxicity. Nevertheless, and most importantly, pre-exposure to the AgNP for 24 h enhanced RAW 264.7 cell phagocytic ability as well as the release of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In MPRO 2.1 cells, AgNP pre-exposure also resulted in enhanced phagocytic ability; however, these cells manifest reduced cell degranulation (elastase release) and oxidative burst in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Taken together, these findings indicated to us that exposure to AgNP, despite not being directly (cyto)toxic to these cells, had the potential to alter immune cell responses. The findings underscore the import of assessing immune cell function post-exposure to ENM beyond the standard endpoints such as oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. In addition, these findings further illustrate the importance of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of ENM-cellular interactions, particularly in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser B Alsaleh
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Valerie C Minarchick
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Ryan P Mendoza
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Bipin Sharma
- b Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory of Nano-biophysics , Clemson University , Clemson , SC , USA
| | - Ramakrishna Podila
- b Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory of Nano-biophysics , Clemson University , Clemson , SC , USA
| | - Jared M Brown
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
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Persaud I, Raghavendra AJ, Paruthi A, Alsaleh NB, Minarchick VC, Roede JR, Podila R, Brown JM. Defect-induced electronic states amplify the cellular toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:145-161. [PMID: 31553248 PMCID: PMC7036006 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1668067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in numerous applications, including sunscreens, cosmetics, textiles, and electrical devices. Increased consumer and occupational exposure to ZnO NPs potentially poses a risk for toxicity. While many studies have examined the toxicity of ZnO NPs, little is known regarding the toxicological impact of inherent defects arising from batch-to-batch variations. It was hypothesized that the presence of varying chemical defects in ZnO NPs will contribute to cellular toxicity in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). Pristine and defected ZnO NPs (oxidized, reduced, and annealed) were prepared and assessed three major cellular outcomes; cytotoxicity/apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ZnO NPs chemical defects were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence. Increased toxicity was observed in defected ZnO NPs compared to the pristine NPs as measured by cell viability, ER stress, and glutathione redox potential. It was determined that ZnO NPs induced ER stress through the PERK pathway. Taken together, these results demonstrate a previously unrecognized contribution of chemical defects to the toxicity of ZnO NPs, which should be considered in the risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indushekhar Persaud
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Achyut J. Raghavendra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Clemson Nanomaterials Center and COMSET, Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625, USA
| | - Archini Paruthi
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, IN
| | - Nasser B. Alsaleh
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Valerie C. Minarchick
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - James R. Roede
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Podila
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Clemson Nanomaterials Center and COMSET, Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625, USA
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Abstract
Type I allergic hypersensitivity disorders (atopy) including asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy are on the rise in developed and developing countries. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) span a large spectrum of material compositions including carbonic, metals, polymers, lipid-based, proteins, and peptides and are being utilized in a wide range of industries including healthcare and pharmaceuticals, electronics, construction, and food industry, and yet, regulations for the use of ENMs in consumer products are largely lacking. Prior evidence has demonstrated the potential of ENMs to induce and/or aggravate type I allergic hypersensitivity responses. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that ENMs could directly interact with and activate key T-helper 2 (Th2) effector cell types (such as mast cells) and the complement system, which could result in pseudoallergic (non-IgE-mediated) hypersensitivity reactions. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms of ENM-mediated induction and/or exacerbation of type I immune responses are poorly understood. In this review, we first highlight key examples of studies that have demonstrated inherent immunomodulatory properties of ENMs in the context of type I allergic hypersensitivity reactions, and most importantly, we attempt to put together the potential molecular mechanisms that could drive ENM-mediated stimulation and/or aggravation of type I allergic hypersensitivity responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser B Alsaleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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McDaniel DK, Ringel-Scaia VM, Morrison HA, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Council-Troche M, Angle JW, Perry JB, Davis G, Leng W, Minarchick V, Yang Y, Chen B, Reece SW, Brown DA, Cecere TE, Brown JM, Gowdy KM, Hochella MF, Allen IC. Pulmonary Exposure to Magnéli Phase Titanium Suboxides Results in Significant Macrophage Abnormalities and Decreased Lung Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2714. [PMID: 31849940 PMCID: PMC6892980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coal is one of the most abundant and economic sources for global energy production. However, the burning of coal is widely recognized as a significant contributor to atmospheric particulate matter linked to deleterious respiratory impacts. Recently, we have discovered that burning coal generates large quantities of otherwise rare Magnéli phase titanium suboxides from TiO2 minerals naturally present in coal. These nanoscale Magnéli phases are biologically active without photostimulation and toxic to airway epithelial cells in vitro and to zebrafish in vivo. Here, we sought to determine the clinical and physiological impact of pulmonary exposure to Magnéli phases using mice as mammalian model organisms. Mice were exposed to the most frequently found Magnéli phases, Ti6O11, at 100 parts per million (ppm) via intratracheal administration. Local and systemic titanium concentrations, lung pathology, and changes in airway mechanics were assessed. Additional mechanistic studies were conducted with primary bone marrow derived macrophages. Our results indicate that macrophages are the cell type most impacted by exposure to these nanoscale particles. Following phagocytosis, macrophages fail to properly eliminate Magnéli phases, resulting in increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ultimately apoptosis. In the lungs, these nanoparticles become concentrated in macrophages, resulting in a feedback loop of reactive oxygen species production, cell death, and the initiation of gene expression profiles consistent with lung injury within 6 weeks of exposure. Chronic exposure and accumulation of Magnéli phases ultimately results in significantly reduced lung function impacting airway resistance, compliance, and elastance. Together, these studies demonstrate that Magnéli phases are toxic in the mammalian airway and are likely a significant nanoscale environmental pollutant, especially in geographic regions where coal combustion is a major contributor to atmospheric particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan K. McDaniel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Veronica M. Ringel-Scaia
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Holly A. Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - McAlister Council-Troche
- Analytical Research Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Angle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Justin B. Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Grace Davis
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Weinan Leng
- National Center for Earth and Environmental Nanotechnology Infrastructure, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Valerie Minarchick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sky W. Reece
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - David A. Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Thomas E. Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kymberly M. Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | | | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Papadimitriou-Olivgeri I, Brown JM, Kilpatrick AFR, Gill HS, Athanasou NA. Correction to: Solochrome cyanine: A histological stain for cobalt-chromium wear particles in metal-on-metal periprosthetic tissues. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2019; 30:110. [PMID: 31555914 PMCID: PMC6828412 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Papadimitriou-Olivgeri
- Department of Histopathology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - J M Brown
- Department of Histopathology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - A F R Kilpatrick
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - H S Gill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - N A Athanasou
- Department of Histopathology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK.
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Papadimitriou-Olivgeri I, Brown JM, Kilpatrick AFR, Gill HS, Athanasou NA. Solochrome cyanine: A histological stain for cobalt-chromium wear particles in metal-on-metal periprosthetic tissues. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2019; 30:103. [PMID: 31493091 PMCID: PMC6731196 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasties produce abundant implant-derived wear debris composed mainly of cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr). Cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) wear particles are difficult to identify histologically and need to be distinguished from other wear particle types and endogenous components (e.g., haemosiderin, fibrin) which may be present in MoM periprosthetic tissues. In this study we sought to determine whether histological stains that have an affinity for metals are useful in identifying Co-Cr wear debris in MoM periprosthetic tissues. Histological sections of periprosthetic tissue from 30 failed MoM hip arthroplasties were stained with haematoxylin-eosin (HE), Solochrome Cyanine (SC), Solochrome Azurine (SA) and Perls' Prussian Blue (PB). Sections of periprosthetic tissue from 10 cases of non-MoM arthroplasties using other implant biomaterials, including titanium, ceramic, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWP) were similarly analysed. Sections of 10 cases of haemosiderin-containing knee tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TSGCT) were also stained with HE, SC, SA and PB. In MoM periprosthetic tissues, SC stained metal debris in phagocytic macrophages and in the superficial necrotic zone which exhibited little or no trichrome staining for fibrin. In non-MoM periprosthetic tissues, UHMWP, PMMA, ceramic and titanium particles were not stained by SC. Prussian Blue, but not SC or SA, stained haemosiderin deposits in MoM periprosthetic tissues and TSGT. Our findings show that SC staining (most likely Cr-associated) is useful in distinguishing Co-Cr wear particles from other metal/non-metal wear particles types in histological preparations of periprosthetic tissue and that SC reliably distinguishes haemosiderin from Co-Cr wear debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Papadimitriou-Olivgeri
- Department of Histopathology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - J M Brown
- Department of Histopathology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - A F R Kilpatrick
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - H S Gill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - N A Athanasou
- Department of Histopathology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK.
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Alsaleh NB, Mendoza RP, Brown JM. Exposure to silver nanoparticles primes mast cells for enhanced activation through the high-affinity IgE receptor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 382:114746. [PMID: 31494149 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are a key effector cell in type I allergic reactions. It has been shown that environmental exposures such as diesel exhaust and heavy metals exacerbate mast cell degranulation and activation. Today, the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is rapidly expanding and silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are one of the mostly widely utilized ENMs, primarily for their antimicrobial properties, and are being incorporated into many consumer and biomedical products. We assessed whether pre-exposure of bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) to 20 nm AgNPs enhanced degranulation and activation to an allergen (dinitrophenol-conjugated human serum albumin) by measuring β-hexosaminidase release, LTB4 and IL-6 production. In addition, we assessed reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell oxidative stress and toxicity as well as total and individual protein tyrosine phosphorylation (p-Tyr). We found that pre-exposure of BMMCs to AgNPs results in exacerbated allergen-mediated mast cell degranulation, LTB4 production and IL-6 release. Exposure of BMMCs to AgNPs exacerbated allergen-induced ROS generation, however, this was not associated with oxidative stress nor cell death. Finally, pre-exposure to AgNPs enhanced allergen-mediated global p-Tyr as well as individual proteins including Syk, PLCγ and LAT. Our findings indicate that pre-exposure to AgNPs exacerbates mast cell allergen-mediated phosphorylation of FcεR1-linked tyrosine kinases and ROS generation resulting in amplified early and late-phase responses. These findings suggest that exposure to AgNPs has the potential to prime mast cells to allergic immune responses, which could be of particular concern to atopic populations as the use of AgNPs in consumer and biomedical products rapidly increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser B Alsaleh
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ryan P Mendoza
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jared M Brown
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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Mullane KM, Morrison VA, Camacho LH, Arvin A, McNeil SA, Durrand J, Campbell B, Su SC, Chan ISF, Parrino J, Kaplan SS, Popmihajlov Z, Annunziato PW, Cerana S, Dictar MO, Bonvehi P, Tregnaghi JP, Fein L, Ashley D, Singh M, Hayes T, Playford G, Morrissey O, Thaler J, Kuehr T, Greil R, Pecherstorfer M, Duck L, Van Eygen K, Aoun M, De Prijck B, Franke FA, Barrios CHE, Mendes AVA, Serrano SV, Garcia RF, Moore F, Camargo JFC, Pires LA, Alves RS, Radinov A, Oreshkov K, Minchev V, Hubenova AI, Koynova T, Ivanov I, Rabotilova B, Minchev V, Petrov PA, Chilingirov P, Karanikolov S, Raynov J, Grimard D, McNeil S, Kumar D, Larratt LM, Weiss K, Delage R, Diaz-Mitoma FJ, Cano PO, Couture F, Carvajal P, Yepes A, Torres Ulloa R, Fardella P, Caglevic C, Rojas C, Orellana E, Gonzalez P, Acevedo A, Galvez KM, Gonzalez ME, Franco S, Restrepo JG, Rojas CA, Bonilla C, Florez LE, Ospina AV, Manneh R, Zorica R, Vrdoljak DV, Samarzija M, Petruzelka L, Vydra J, Mayer J, Cibula D, Prausova J, Paulson G, Ontaneda M, Palk K, Vahlberg A, Rooneem R, Galtier F, Postil D, Lucht F, Laine F, Launay O, Laurichesse H, Duval X, Cornely OA, Camerer B, Panse J, Zaiss M, Derigs HG, Menzel H, Verbeek M, Georgoulias V, Mavroudis D, Anagnostopoulos A, Terpos E, Cortes D, Umanzor J, Bejarano S, Galeano RW, Wong RSM, Hui P, Pedrazzoli P, Ruggeri L, Aversa F, Bosi A, Gentile G, Rambaldi A, Contu A, Marei L, Abbadi A, Hayajneh W, Kattan J, Farhat F, Chahine G, Rutkauskiene J, Marfil Rivera LJ, Lopez Chuken YA, Franco Villarreal H, Lopez Hernandez J, Blacklock H, Lopez RI, Alvarez R, Gomez AM, Quintana TS, Moreno Larrea MDC, Zorrilla SJ, Alarcon E, Samanez FCA, Caguioa PB, Tiangco BJ, Mora EM, Betancourt-Garcia RD, Hallman-Navarro D, Feliciano-Lopez LJ, Velez-Cortes HA, Cabanillas F, Ganea DE, Ciuleanu TE, Ghizdavescu DG, Miron L, Cebotaru CL, Cainap CI, Anghel R, Dvorkin MV, Gladkov OA, Fadeeva NV, Kuzmin AA, Lipatov ON, Zbarskaya II, Akhmetzyanov FS, Litvinov IV, Afanasyev BV, Cherenkova M, Lioznov D, Lisukov IA, Smirnova YA, Kolomietz S, Halawani H, Goh YT, Drgona L, Chudej J, Matejkova M, Reckova M, Rapoport BL, Szpak WM, Malan DR, Jonas N, Jung CW, Lee DG, Yoon SS, Lopez Jimenez J, Duran Martinez I, Rodriguez Moreno JF, Solano Vercet C, de la Camara R, Batlle Massana M, Yeh SP, Chen CY, Chou HH, Tsai CM, Chiu CH, Siritanaratkul N, Norasetthada L, Sriuranpong V, Seetalarom K, Akan H, Dane F, Ozcan MA, Ozsan GH, Kalayoglu Besisik SF, Cagatay A, Yalcin S, Peniket A, Mullan SR, Dakhil KM, Sivarajan K, Suh JJG, Sehgal A, Marquez F, Gomez EG, Mullane MR, Skinner WL, Behrens RJ, Trevarthe DR, Mazurczak MA, Lambiase EA, Vidal CA, Anac SY, Rodrigues GA, Baltz B, Boccia R, Wertheim MS, Holladay CS, Zenk D, Fusselman W, Wade III JL, Jaslowsk AJ, Keegan J, Robinson MO, Go RS, Farnen J, Amin B, Jurgens D, Risi GF, Beatty PG, Naqvi T, Parshad S, Hansen VL, Ahmed M, Steen PD, Badarinath S, Dekker A, Scouros MA, Young DE, Graydon Harker W, Kendall SD, Citron ML, Chedid S, Posada JG, Gupta MK, Rafiyath S, Buechler-Price J, Sreenivasappa S, Chay CH, Burke JM, Young SE, Mahmood A, Kugler JW, Gerstner G, Fuloria J, Belman ND, Geller R, Nieva J, Whittenberger BP, Wong BMY, Cescon TP, Abesada-Terk G, Guarino MJ, Zweibach A, Ibrahim EN, Takahashi G, Garrison MA, Mowat RB, Choi BS, Oliff IA, Singh J, Guter KA, Ayrons K, Rowland KM, Noga SJ, Rao SB, Columbie A, Nualart MT, Cecchi GR, Campos LT, Mohebtash M, Flores MR, Rothstein-Rubin R, O'Connor BM, Soori G, Knapp M, Miranda FG, Goodgame BW, Kassem M, Belani R, Sharma S, Ortiz T, Sonneborn HL, Markowitz AB, Wilbur D, Meiri E, Koo VS, Jhangiani HS, Wong L, Sanani S, Lawrence SJ, Jones CM, Murray C, Papageorgiou C, Gurtler JS, Ascensao JL, Seetalarom K, Venigalla ML, D'Andrea M, De Las Casas C, Haile DJ, Qazi FU, Santander JL, Thomas MR, Rao VP, Craig M, Garg RJ, Robles R, Lyons RM, Stegemoller RK, Goel S, Garg S, Lowry P, Lynch C, Lash B, Repka T, Baker J, Goueli BS, Campbell TC, Van Echo DA, Lee YJ, Reyes EA, Senecal FM, Donnelly G, Byeff P, Weiss R, Reid T, Roeland E, Goel A, Prow DM, Brandt DS, Kaplan HG, Payne JE, Boeckh MG, Rosen PJ, Mena RR, Khan R, Betts RF, Sharp SA, Morrison VA, Fitz-Patrick D, Congdon J, Erickson N, Abbasi R, Henderson S, Mehdi A, Wos EJ, Rehmus E, Beltzer L, Tamayo RA, Mahmood T, Reboli AC, Moore A, Brown JM, Cruz J, Quick DP, Potz JL, Kotz KW, Hutchins M, Chowhan NM, Devabhaktuni YD, Braly P, Berenguer RA, Shambaugh SC, O'Rourke TJ, Conkright WA, Winkler CF, Addo FEK, Duic JP, High KP, Kutner ME, Collins R, Carrizosa DR, Perry DJ, Kailath E, Rosen N, Sotolongo R, Shoham S, Chen T. Safety and efficacy of inactivated varicella zoster virus vaccine in immunocompromised patients with malignancies: a two-arm, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2019; 19:1001-1012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kotecha T, Martinez-Naharro A, Lambe T, Francis RD, Chacko LIZA, Brown JM, Knight DS, Hawkins PN, Moon JM, Kellman PN, Bulluck H, Hausenloy DS, Rakhit RD, Fontana M. 48Quantification of myocardial infarct size and microvascular obstruction using dark-blood late gadolinium enhancement. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez112.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Kotecha
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Martinez-Naharro
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - T Lambe
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R D Francis
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L I Z A Chacko
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J M Brown
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D S Knight
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P N Hawkins
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J M Moon
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P N Kellman
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - H Bulluck
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D S Hausenloy
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - R D Rakhit
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Fontana
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Kotecha T, Martinez-Naharro A, Little C, Chacko LIZA, Manmathan G, Brown JM, Knight DS, Hawkins PN, Moon JM, Xue H, Lockie T, Rakhit RD, Kellman PN, Patel N, Fontana M. 303Quantitative CMR perfusion mapping to detect microvascular dysfunction in patients without obstructive coronary disease. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez119.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Kotecha
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Martinez-Naharro
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Little
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L I Z A Chacko
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - G Manmathan
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J M Brown
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D S Knight
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P N Hawkins
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J M Moon
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - H Xue
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - T Lockie
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R D Rakhit
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P N Kellman
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - N Patel
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Fontana
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Kotecha T, Monteagudo JM, Martinez-Naharro A, Little C, Chacko LIZA, Brown JM, Knight D, Hawkins PN, Moon JM, Xue H, Kellman PN, Patel N, Lockie T, Rakhit RD, Fontana M. 302Redefining assessment of adenosine stress response using CMR perfusion mapping: An alternative to splenic switch off. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Kotecha
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J M Monteagudo
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Martinez-Naharro
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Little
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L I Z A Chacko
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J M Brown
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Knight
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P N Hawkins
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J M Moon
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - H Xue
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - P N Kellman
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - N Patel
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - T Lockie
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R D Rakhit
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Fontana
- Royal Free Hospital , Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Mendoza RP, Anderson CC, Roede JR, Brown JM. Comparing mast cell immunometabolism shifts induced by IgE mediated and non-IgE mediated degranulation. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.54.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mast cells are immune effector cells with the ability to immediately release an array of pre-formed mediators in response to various stimuli, a process termed degranulation. Degranulation is generally divided into two categories: IgE mediated and non-IgE mediated. Non-IgE mast cell degranulation occurs in response to various environmental agents without prior IgE sensitization often making it difficult to identify the causative agent in patients. To better understand non-IgE mast cell degranulation, we characterized and compared metabolic shifts in response to both mechanisms of degranulation (IgE vs non-IgE) in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) grown from C57BL/6 mice. Compound 48/80 and silver nanoparticles were used to trigger non-IgE degranulation. To explore metabolic changes in BMMCs, we used Seahorse XF technology to measure: 1) respiratory mitochondrial metabolism, 2) anaerobic glycolytic metabolism, and 3) performed a phenotype stress test to define metabolic pathways. The mito stress test revealed a decrease in respiration for both mechanisms of degranulation but was consistently lower for non-IgE triggers. Secondly, we observed an increase in glycolysis from both mechanisms which was more prominent in non-IgE degranulation. However, there was a complete depletion of glycolytic reserve with non-IgE degranulation that did not occur with IgE mediated degranulation. The cell phenotype test revealed that BMMCs shift towards glycolysis when activated via a non-IgE pathway more prominently than via an IgE-pathway. In conclusion, mast cell metabolism varies significantly between IgE and non-IgE degranulation with an apparent shift towards glycolytic dependence for non-IgE activated mast cells.
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