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Alheejawi S, Berendt R, Jha N, Maity SP, Mandal M. Detection of malignant melanoma in H&E-stained images using deep learning techniques. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101659. [PMID: 34634635 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological images are widely used to diagnose diseases including skin cancer. As digital histopathological images are typically of very large size, in the order of several billion pixels, automated identification of all abnormal cell nuclei and their distribution within multiple tissue sections would assist rapid comprehensive diagnostic assessment. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based technique to segment the melanoma regions in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained histopathological images. In this technique, the nuclei in the image are first segmented using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The segmented nuclei are then used to generate melanoma region masks. Experimental results with a small melanoma dataset show that the proposed method can potentially segment the nuclei with more than 94 % accuracy and segment the melanoma regions with a Dice coefficient of around 85 %. The proposed technique also has a small execution time making it suitable for clinical diagnosis with a fast turnaround time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Alheejawi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Richard Berendt
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Naresh Jha
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Santi P Maity
- Department of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, India.
| | - Mrinal Mandal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Abstract
Molecular pathology allows the identification of causative agents in infectious diseases and detection of biomarkers important for prediction of disease susceptibility, diagnosis and personalized therapy. Accordingly, nucleic acid-based methods have gained a special role in clinical laboratories particularly to evaluate solid and hematological tumors. Extraction of nucleic acids is commonly performed in microdissected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) or cytological samples that had been previously evaluated through the use of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or Papanicolau (Pap) stains, respectively. Although the effect of both stains on nucleic acids integrity has been explored by several authors, the results are not consistent and require further examination. Accordingly, the goal of this review was to assess the influence of H&E and Pap stains on DNA and RNA integrity and to address the mechanism by which each staining compromises molecular based-analysis. The analyzed studies demonstrate that H&E- and Pap-staining result in low DNA recovery and some degree of DNA fragmentation. Additionally, it is concluded that hemalum inhibits PCR by interfering with DNA extraction, preventing DNA polymerase attachment and possibly by rescuing divalent cations. Accordingly, proper sample purification and adjustment of PCR conditions are of key importance to achieve satisfactory results by PCR in H&E- and Pap-stained samples. Furthermore, although H&E results in RNA fragmentation, it is possible to perform expression analysis in H&E-stained frozen sections, using RNase-free conditions, low amounts of hematoxylin and a rapid protocol from sample collection to RNA analysis. It The effect of Pap-staining on RNA integrity remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pote
- ESTeSL, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Otília Boghenco
- ESTeSL, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Marques-Ramos
- ESTeSL, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096, Lisboa, Portugal.
- H&TRC, Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Chermuła B, Jeseta M, Sujka-Kordowska P, Konwerska A, Jankowski M, Kranc W, Kocherova I, Celichowski P, Antosik P, Bukowska D, Milakovic I, Machatkova M, Pawelczyk L, Iżycki D, Zabel M, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Piotrowska-Kempisty H. Genes regulating hormone stimulus and response to protein signaling revealed differential expression pattern during porcine oocyte in vitro maturation, confirmed by lipid concentration. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:77-95. [PMID: 32189110 PMCID: PMC7343741 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Genes influencing oocyte maturation may be valuable for predicting their developmental potential, as well as discerning the mechanistic pathways regulating oocyte development. In the presented research microarray gene expression analysis of immature and in vitro matured porcine oocytes was performed. Two groups of oocytes were compared in the study: before (3 × n = 50) and after in vitro maturation (3 × n = 50). The selection of viable oocytes was performed using the brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) test. Furthermore, microarrays and RT-qPCR was used to analyze the transcriptome of the oocytes before and after IVM. The study focused on the genes undergoing differential expression in two gene-ontology groups: “Cellular response to hormone stimulus” and “Cellular response to unfolded protein”, which contain genes that may directly or indirectly be involved in signal transduction during oocyte maturation. Examination of all the genes of interest showed a lower level of their expression after IVM. From the total number of genes in these gene ontologies ten of the highest change in expression were identified: FOS, ID2, BTG2, CYR61, ESR1, AR, TACR3, CCND2, EGR2 and TGFBR3. The successful maturation of the oocytes was additionally confirmed with the use of lipid droplet assay. The genes were briefly described and related to the literature sources, to investigate their potential roles in the process of oocyte maturation. The results of the study may serve as a basic molecular reference for further research aimed at improving the methods of oocyte in vitro maturation, which plays an important role in the procedures of assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Chermuła
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Jeseta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patrycja Sujka-Kordowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aneta Konwerska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maurycy Jankowski
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ievgeniia Kocherova
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Elementary and Preclinical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland
| | | | | | - Leszek Pawelczyk
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dariusz Iżycki
- Chair of Biotechnology, Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781, Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland.
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Papadimitriou-Olivgeri I, Brown JM, Kilpatrick AFR, Gill HS, Athanasou NA. Solochrome cyanine: A histological stain for cobalt-chromium wear particles in metal-on-metal periprosthetic tissues. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2019; 30:103. [PMID: 31493091 PMCID: PMC6731196 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasties produce abundant implant-derived wear debris composed mainly of cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr). Cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) wear particles are difficult to identify histologically and need to be distinguished from other wear particle types and endogenous components (e.g., haemosiderin, fibrin) which may be present in MoM periprosthetic tissues. In this study we sought to determine whether histological stains that have an affinity for metals are useful in identifying Co-Cr wear debris in MoM periprosthetic tissues. Histological sections of periprosthetic tissue from 30 failed MoM hip arthroplasties were stained with haematoxylin-eosin (HE), Solochrome Cyanine (SC), Solochrome Azurine (SA) and Perls' Prussian Blue (PB). Sections of periprosthetic tissue from 10 cases of non-MoM arthroplasties using other implant biomaterials, including titanium, ceramic, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWP) were similarly analysed. Sections of 10 cases of haemosiderin-containing knee tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TSGCT) were also stained with HE, SC, SA and PB. In MoM periprosthetic tissues, SC stained metal debris in phagocytic macrophages and in the superficial necrotic zone which exhibited little or no trichrome staining for fibrin. In non-MoM periprosthetic tissues, UHMWP, PMMA, ceramic and titanium particles were not stained by SC. Prussian Blue, but not SC or SA, stained haemosiderin deposits in MoM periprosthetic tissues and TSGT. Our findings show that SC staining (most likely Cr-associated) is useful in distinguishing Co-Cr wear particles from other metal/non-metal wear particles types in histological preparations of periprosthetic tissue and that SC reliably distinguishes haemosiderin from Co-Cr wear debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Papadimitriou-Olivgeri
- Department of Histopathology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - J M Brown
- Department of Histopathology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - A F R Kilpatrick
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - H S Gill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - N A Athanasou
- Department of Histopathology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK.
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Madrigal-Carrillo EA, Díaz-Tufinio CA, Santamaría-Suárez HA, Arciniega M, Torres-Larios A. A screening platform to monitor RNA processing and protein-RNA interactions in ribonuclease P uncovers a small molecule inhibitor. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:6425-6438. [PMID: 30997498 PMCID: PMC6614837 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes and RNA-processing enzymes are attractive targets for antibiotic development owing to their central roles in microbial physiology. For many of these complexes, comprehensive strategies to identify inhibitors are either lacking or suffer from substantial technical limitations. Here, we describe an activity-binding-structure platform for bacterial ribonuclease P (RNase P), an essential RNP ribozyme involved in 5' tRNA processing. A novel, real-time fluorescence-based assay was used to monitor RNase P activity and rapidly identify inhibitors using a mini-helix and a pre-tRNA-like bipartite substrate. Using the mini-helix substrate, we screened a library comprising 2560 compounds. Initial hits were then validated using pre-tRNA and the pre-tRNA-like substrate, which ultimately verified four compounds as inhibitors. Biolayer interferometry-based binding assays and molecular dynamics simulations were then used to characterize the interactions between each validated inhibitor and the P protein, P RNA and pre-tRNA. X-ray crystallographic studies subsequently elucidated the structure of the P protein bound to the most promising hit, purpurin, and revealed how this inhibitor adversely affects tRNA 5' leader binding. This integrated platform affords improved structure-function studies of RNA processing enzymes and facilitates the discovery of novel regulators or inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel-Alejandro Madrigal-Carrillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos-Alejandro Díaz-Tufinio
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo-Aníbal Santamaría-Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcelino Arciniega
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Torres-Larios
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Kong T, Zhang SH, Zhang C, Zhang JL, Yang F, Wang GY, Yang ZJ, Bai DY, Zhang MY, Wang J, Zhang BH. Long-Term Effects of Unmodified 50 nm ZnO in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:478-489. [PMID: 30109551 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanometer zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) is widely used in many kinds of fields. However, information about the toxicity and toxic mechanism of nano-ZnO is limited. The aims of this study were to investigate the long-term toxic effects of unmodified 50 nm ZnO administered by gavage in mice. After 90 days, hematological parameters, hepatic and renal functions, and oxidative and anti-oxidative status were measured. Pathological damages in livers, kidneys, and other tissues were also examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The results showed that oral nano-ZnO exposure induced anemia and damages to liver and kidney, influenced the antioxidant system, and impacted functions of liver and kidney in mice after a 90-day exposure. The main cause for oxidative stress in vivo induced by nano-ZnO might be hydroxyl free radical. The lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) was 40 mg/kg·bw, and the livers, kidneys, lungs, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tracts are the target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Kong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China.
- Environmental and Animal Products Safety Laboratory of Key Discipline in University of Henan Province, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu-Hui Zhang
- Library of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China
- Environmental and Animal Products Safety Laboratory of Key Discipline in University of Henan Province, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Liang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China
- Environmental and Animal Products Safety Laboratory of Key Discipline in University of Henan Province, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China
- Environmental and Animal Products Safety Laboratory of Key Discipline in University of Henan Province, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China
- Environmental and Animal Products Safety Laboratory of Key Discipline in University of Henan Province, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ying Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, People's Republic of China
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Wang EK, Zhang X, Pan L, Cheng C, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Li Y, Zhe N. Multi-Path Dilated Residual Network for Nuclei Segmentation and Detection. Cells 2019; 8:E499. [PMID: 31126166 PMCID: PMC6562946 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a typical biomedical detection task, nuclei detection has been widely used in human health management, disease diagnosis and other fields. However, the task of cell detection in microscopic images is still challenging because the nuclei are commonly small and dense with many overlapping nuclei in the images. In order to detect nuclei, the most important key step is to segment the cell targets accurately. Based on Mask RCNN model, we designed a multi-path dilated residual network, and realized a network structure to segment and detect dense small objects, and effectively solved the problem of information loss of small objects in deep neural network. The experimental results on two typical nuclear segmentation data sets show that our model has better recognition and segmentation capability for dense small targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ke Wang
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xun Zhang
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Leyun Pan
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Caixia Cheng
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Yueping Li
- School of Computer Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Nie Zhe
- School of Computer Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Macáková K, Catapano MC, Tvrdý V, Klimková K, Karlíčková J, Mladěnka P. Hematoxylin assay of cupric chelation can give false positive results. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 52:29-36. [PMID: 30732895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Some compounds without apparent chelation sites have been shown to chelate cupric ions using the hematoxylin assay. Since these compounds also have reduction potential (direct antioxidant effect), the aim of this study was to determine the possible interference of reducing agents with the hematoxylin assay. Four different known reducing agents (hydroxylamine, vitamin C, trolox - a water-soluble form of vitamin E and reduced glutathione /GSH/) were selected for the study together with oxidized glutathione (GSSG) for comparison. All tested compounds behaved as cupric chelators in the spectrophotometric mildly competitive hematoxylin assay. In-depth analysis however showed that only GSH and GSSG were able to form complexes with both cupric and cuprous ions and only GSSG partly retained copper in its complexes in the more competitive bathocuproine assay. Further experiments showed that with the exception of GSSG, all other compounds reduce Cu2+ ions. Conclusion: Compounds reducing copper such as antioxidants can give false positive results in the hematoxylin-screening assay. GSSG is a stronger Cu chelator than GSH and does not reduce Cu, in contrast to the latter and thus may be a protective element after oxidation of GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Carmen Catapano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Tvrdý
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Klimková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Moya-Salazar J, Rojas-Zumaran V. Eco-Pap: The Ecological Modification of the Papanicolaou Stain for Sustainable Cervical Cancer Diagnosis. Acta Cytol 2018; 63:35-43. [PMID: 30352442 DOI: 10.1159/000493113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To validate the ecological modification of the Papanicolaou stain (Eco-Pap) for the diagnosis of cervical cancer. STUDY DESIGN A prospective study was performed at the Mother and Child "San Bartolomé" Hospital, Lima, Peru. Reagent handling strategies were divided into three phases: we used (1) Harris progressive hematoxylin (for nuclear staining), (2) a polychromatic solution (a mix of EA-36/Orange G-6 to suppress the use of several alcohol baths), and (3) direct mounting (with Entellan® solution). The cellular details were analyzed by the staining quality index, an external quality control, and the Bethesda System 2014. RESULTS We evaluated 72,901 cervical smears stained with the Eco-Pap. The validation of the Eco-Pap against the conventional Pap stain was optimal (κ = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.87-0.92), showing a sensibility and specificity of 88.3% (95% CI: 85.1-90.0) and 98.7% (95% CI: 98-99.2), respectively. The Eco-Pap dramatically reduced the environmental pollution caused by 72 L of xylene, hydrochloric acid, and ammonia (6 L each) and mercury oxide. CONCLUSION The Eco-Pap is an innovative and efficient staining method reducing the use of toxic reagents with carcinogenic potential during cervical cancer screening by exfoliative cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeel Moya-Salazar
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre-Niño San Bartolomé, Lima,
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Continental, Huancayo,
| | - Víctor Rojas-Zumaran
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre-Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, Peru
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru
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Sood R, Tyagi R, Selhi PK, Kaur G, Kaur H, Singh A. Role of FNA and Special Stains in Rapid Cytopathological Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nocardiosis. Acta Cytol 2018; 62:178-182. [PMID: 29669313 DOI: 10.1159/000488134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nocardia, a gram-positive aerobic bacillus of the Actinomycetales family, is a significant opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. Clinical and radiological features of pulmonary nocardiosis are nonspecific and can be misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, pneumocystis, staphylococcal or fungal infections, or as malignancy. Aspiration cytology with special stains is a quick and effective approach for accurate diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present 7 cases of pulmonary nocardiosis, admitted to the pathology department in a tertiary-care hospital in Punjab. Clinical findings, immune status, laboratory tests, chest radiographs, and computed tomography scans were reviewed. Cytologically, special stains like 1% Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN), 20% ZN, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Grocott methenamine silver (GMS), and reticulin stains were studied along with May-Grünwald Giemsa, Papanicolaou, and hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS All the patients were immunocompromised. The radiological changes were nonspecific. Cytomorphology showed acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrates with necrosis. None of the cases showed well-defined granulomas. GMS, modified 1% ZN and, Gordon and Sweet reticulin stains highlighted the delicate filamentous bacteria in all cases. PAS and 20% ZN stain for tuberculous bacilli were uniformly negative. CONCLUSION FNAC can provide a quick and accurate diagnosis of nocardiosis and thereby facilitate timely medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhi Sood
- Department of Oncopathology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchita Tyagi
- Department of Pathology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Pavneet Kaur Selhi
- Department of Pathology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gursheen Kaur
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pathology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Akashdeep Singh
- Department of Chest and Pulmonary Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
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11
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Abstract
Staging is one of the most important factors that determine the prognosis of the patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. The current staging protocol includes parameters-extent of tumor (T), lymph node status (N), presence of distant metastasis (M), and grade of the adenocarcinoma (G). In addition, different criteria are used in patients with and without neoadjuvant therapy. The silent aspects of the use of new staging protocol are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology of School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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12
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Abstract
In the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, adenocarcinoma of esophagus comprises preinvasive type (dysplasia), adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. For adenocarcinoma, it is important to determine the grading of the cancer and histological variants such as signet ring adenocarcinoma. In the current day management of esophageal adenocarcinoma by neoadjuvant therapy, the histology of the cancer and the lymph nodal status may change after the therapy. Tumor regression grading systems could be used to assess the response to the neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology of School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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13
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Abstract
Tissue microarray technology could allow immunohistochemical staining or in situ hybridization on hundreds of different tissue samples simultaneously. It allows faster analysis and considerably reducing costs incurred in staining. The technique also provides a high-throughput analysis of multiple tissues for the different types of research. In the literature, many researches of esophageal adenocarcinoma use tissue microarray to enhance the output. In this chapter, we have a brief overview of tissue microarray technologies, the advantages and disadvantages of tissue microarray, and related troubleshootings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Saremi
- Cancer Molecular Pathology of School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology of School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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14
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Hamasaki M, Chang KHF, Nabeshima K, Tauchi-Nishi PS. Intraoperative Squash and Touch Preparation Cytology of Brain Lesions Stained with H+E and Diff-Quik™: A 20-Year Retrospective Analysis and Comparative Literature Review. Acta Cytol 2017; 62:44-53. [PMID: 28977789 DOI: 10.1159/000480063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Squash preparation (SP) is a rapid technique for the intraoperative assessment of brain lesions. Only a few studies have employed touch preparation (TP) cytology and Diff-QuikTM (DQ) staining in conjunction with SP. Our study aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of SP of brain lesions at our institution, ascertain the additional effect of TP and DQ staining, examine factors affecting the sensitivity and specificity of our methods, and compare our findings with those of previous investigations. STUDY DESIGN Our database was searched for all SP/TP of brain lesions examined from January 1996 to December 2016. RESULTS During this 20-year study period, our search revealed 400 brain lesions diagnosed by SP/TP cytology. There were 338 (84.5%) neoplasms and 62 (15.5%) nonneoplastic lesions. The most common neoplasms were glioblastoma multiforme (24.6%), metastatic cancer (18.3%), meningioma (16.9%), astrocytoma (11.5%), lymphoma (8.3%), oligoastrocytoma (3.3%), and pituitary adenoma (3.3%). There was discordance between the SP/TP and histological diagnoses in 19/338 (5.6%) cases, i.e., 12 misclassifications of tumor subtype and 7 sampling errors. No false-positive cases were detected. CONCLUSION Brain SP/TP stained with H+E/DQ demonstrated high sensitivity (97.9%), specificity (100%), and overall diagnostic accuracy (95.3%). The combined methods, in particular, aided in the diagnosis of brain tumors prone to smearing artifacts and certain metastatic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hamasaki
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Abstract
Digital imaging of H&E stained slides has enabled the application of image processing to support pathology workflows. Potential applications include computer-aided diagnostics, advanced quantification tools, and innovative visualization platforms. However, the intrinsic variability of biological tissue and the vast differences in tissue preparation protocols often lead to significant image variability that can hamper the effectiveness of these computational tools. We developed an alternative representation for H&E images that operates within a space that is more amenable to many of these image processing tools. The algorithm to derive this representation operates by exploiting the correlation between color and the spatial properties of the biological structures present in most H&E images. In this way, images are transformed into a structure-centric space in which images are segregated into tissue structure channels. We demonstrate that this framework can be extended to achieve color normalization, effectively reducing inter-slide variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Zarella
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chan Yeoh
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - David E. Breen
- Department of Computer Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Fernando U. Garcia
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Eastern Regional Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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16
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Li C, Chen T. A novel hematoxylin and eosin stain assay for detection of the parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya. Harmful Algae 2017; 62:30-36. [PMID: 28118890 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya infects broad range of marine organisms. Particularly, Amoebophrya infections in planktonic dinoflagellates can prevent or delay the formation of algal blooms, and recycle undergrazed planktonic dinoflagellates back to the microbial loop by disrupting host cells. Its ecological significance was gradually recognized along with the discovery of its enormous molecular diversity in oceanic and coastal ecosystems. Thus, we developed a reliable, easily accessible and less time-consuming assay, to detect and assess Amoebophrya infections in planktonic dinoflagellates. The modified hematoxylin and eosin staining assay provided reliable diagnosis of Amoebophrya infection by identifying the characteristic "beehive" of the multinucleate trophonts. After staining, the typical multinucleate "beehive" is evidently distinguishable from the compact nuclei of uninfected host cells. The modified hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining assay is easy to use, that can be routinely performed within 3h (up to 20 samples/batch) using general laboratory equipment, supplies and chemical reagents. The produced slides with agar-embedded dinoflagellate cells can be stored for several months or even years in a dry place without noticeable loss in quality of staining. With suitable calculation, the modified H & E assay can be applied to assess the prevalence of Amoebophrya infection in planktonic dinoflagellates. This efficient and powerful assay will facilitate the investigation on the ecological roles of Amoebophryidae in coastal and oceanic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China.
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10039, China
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17
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Elfer KN, Sholl AB, Wang M, Tulman DB, Mandava SH, Lee BR, Brown JQ. DRAQ5 and Eosin ('D&E') as an Analog to Hematoxylin and Eosin for Rapid Fluorescence Histology of Fresh Tissues. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165530. [PMID: 27788264 PMCID: PMC5082869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time on-site histopathology review of biopsy tissues at the point-of-procedure has great potential for significant clinical value and improved patient care. For instance, on-site review can aid in rapid screening of diagnostic biopsies to reduce false-negative results, or in quantitative assessment of biospecimen quality to increase the efficacy of downstream laboratory and histopathology analysis. However, the only currently available rapid pathology method, frozen section analysis (FSA), is too time- and labor-intensive for use in screening large quantities of biopsy tissues and is too destructive for maximum tissue conservation in multiple small needle core biopsies. In this work we demonstrate the spectrally-compatible combination of the nuclear stain DRAQ5 and the anionic counterstain eosin as a dual-component fluorescent staining analog to hematoxylin and eosin intended for use on fresh, unsectioned tissues. Combined with optical sectioning fluorescence microscopy and pseudo-coloring algorithms, DRAQ5 and eosin (“D&E”) enables very fast, non-destructive psuedohistological imaging of tissues at the point-of-acquisition with minimal tissue handling and processing. D&E was validated against H&E on a one-to-one basis on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and frozen section tissues of various human organs using standard epi-fluorescence microscopy, demonstrating high fidelity of the staining mechanism as an H&E analog. The method was then applied to fresh, whole 18G renal needle core biopsies and large needle core prostate biospecimen biopsies using fluorescence structured illumination optical sectioning microscopy. We demonstrate the ability to obtain high-resolution histology-like images of unsectioned, fresh tissues similar to subsequent H&E staining of the tissue. The application of D&E does not interfere with subsequent standard-of-care H&E staining and imaging, preserving the integrity of the tissue for thorough downstream analysis. These results indicate that this dual-stain pseudocoloring method could provide a real-time histology-like image at the time of acquisition and valuable objective tissue analysis for the clinician at the time of service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N. Elfer
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Sholl
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Mei Wang
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - David B. Tulman
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Sree H. Mandava
- Dept. of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R. Lee
- Dept. of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - J. Quincy Brown
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Giacomelli MG, Husvogt L, Vardeh H, Faulkner-Jones BE, Hornegger J, Connolly JL, Fujimoto JG. Virtual Hematoxylin and Eosin Transillumination Microscopy Using Epi-Fluorescence Imaging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159337. [PMID: 27500636 PMCID: PMC4976978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We derive a physically realistic model for the generation of virtual transillumination, white light microscopy images using epi-fluorescence measurements from thick, unsectioned tissue. We demonstrate this technique by generating virtual transillumination H&E images of unsectioned human breast tissue from epi-fluorescence multiphoton microscopy data. The virtual transillumination algorithm is shown to enable improved contrast and color accuracy compared with previous color mapping methods. Finally, we present an open source implementation of the algorithm in OpenGL, enabling real-time GPU-based generation of virtual transillumination microscopy images using conventional fluorescence microscopy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Giacomelli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States of America
| | - Lennart Husvogt
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Hilde Vardeh
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Beverly E. Faulkner-Jones
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joachim Hornegger
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - James L. Connolly
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Kelishadi SS, Omar R, Herring N, Tutela JP, Chowdhry S, Brooks R, Wilhelmi BJ. The Safe Labiaplasty: A Study of Nerve Density in Labia Minora and Its Implications. Aesthet Surg J 2016; 36:705-9. [PMID: 26893524 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical techniques to alleviate labia minora hypertrophy are gaining popularity. Due to the rapidly growing number of labiaplasties performed around the world, there is concern for the safety of these procedures with respect to maintaining sensitivity to the genitalia and/or implications for sexual arousal. OBJECTIVES An anatomic study aimed at identifying the nerve density distribution of the labia minora was performed to provide unique insight into performing labiaplasty while preserving sensation. METHODS Four fresh tissue cadaver labia minora were analyzed. Each labia minora was divided into 6 anatomic areas. The samples from each of the 6 anatomic locations were analyzed for presence of nerve bundles using both a routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and a confirmatory immunohistochemical staining for S100 protein. Nerve density was analyzed under light microscopy, counted, and then expressed as percentage nerve density as well as number of bundles per square millimeter. RESULTS Upon gross analysis, the raw data reveal that labia minora have a heterogeneous population of sensory nerves. When looking at percent nerve density, the data do not reveal any statistical differences between the anatomic locations. CONCLUSIONS Most labiaplasty techniques can be performed safely and are unlikely to cause loss of sensation as the nerve density distribution in labia minora is heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rawhi Omar
- From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Nicole Herring
- From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - John Paul Tutela
- From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Saeed Chowdhry
- From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Ron Brooks
- From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Bradon J Wilhelmi
- From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
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20
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Ye X, Sun Y, Xu Y, Chen Z, Lu S. Integrated In Silico-In Vitro Discovery of Lung Cancer-related Tumor Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2) Inhibitors. Med Chem 2016; 12:613-620. [PMID: 26951145 DOI: 10.2174/1573406412666160307151535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is involved in the glycolytic pathway of lung cancer and targeting this kinase has been observed to radiosensitize non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). OBJECTIVE An integration of in silico virtual screening and in vitro kinase assay was described to discover novel PKM2 inhibitors from a candidate library containing >400,000 commercially available compounds. METHOD The method is a stepwise screening scheme that first used empirical strategies to fast exclude those undruggable compounds in the library and then employed molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD)-based rescoring to identify few potential hits. Subsequently, the computational findings were substantiated using a standard kinase assay protocol. RESULTS Four compounds, i.e. nalidixic acid, indoprofen, hematoxylin and polydatin, were identified to inhibit PKM2 kinase at micromolar level, with IC50 values of 53, 21, 340 and 128 .M, respectively. CONCLUSION Structural analysis revealed that hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, π-π stacking and hydrophobic forces co-confer high stability and strong specificity to PKM2-inhibitor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shun Lu
- Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
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21
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Rudys R, Bagdonas S, Kirdaitė G, Papečkienė J, Rotomskis R. Multidimensional visualization of healthy and sensitized rabbit knee tissues by means of confocal microscopy. J Biomed Opt 2015; 20:051035. [PMID: 25672969 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.5.051035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study combines several fluorescence detection methods to distinguish structural features of the synovium and cartilage tissues and to visualize the localization of endogenous porphyrins in the sensitized tissues. Specimens of synovium and cartilage tissues obtained from rabbits with antigen-induced monoarthritis after intra-articular 5-aminolevulinic acid methyl ester injection and those from healthy rabbits were investigated ex vivo by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence intensity, and lifetime microscopy. The presence of endogenous porphyrins was confirmed with the fluorescence spectra measured on sliced sensitized specimens. Application of the lifetime-gating method on fast fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy images, allowed separate visualization of tissue structures possessing different average lifetimes. The presence of the structures has been validated by histopathological imaging based on conventional rapid hematoxylin–eosin staining of the specimens. The fluorescence lifetime of endogenous protoporphyrin IX has been assessed and employed for visualization of sensitized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdas Rudys
- The National Cancer Institute, P. Baublio 3b, Vilnius LT 08406, LithuaniabState Research Institute, Center for Innovative Medicine, Žygimantu 9, Vilnius LT 01102, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Bagdonas
- Vilnius University, Biophotonics Group of Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Sauletekio 9, Building 3, Vilnius LT-10222, Lithuania
| | - Gailutė Kirdaitė
- State Research Institute, Center for Innovative Medicine, Žygimantu 9, Vilnius LT 01102, Lithuania
| | - Jurga Papečkienė
- State Research Institute, Center for Innovative Medicine, Žygimantu 9, Vilnius LT 01102, Lithuania
| | - Ričardas Rotomskis
- The National Cancer Institute, P. Baublio 3b, Vilnius LT 08406, LithuaniacVilnius University, Biophotonics Group of Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Sauletekio 9, Building 3, Vilnius LT-10222, Lithuania
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22
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Cao W, Liu Y, Jiang G, Wu T. [A comparison of methods for identifying mast cells of Cyprinus carpio]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 30:872-877. [PMID: 25108443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare different identifying methods of the mast cells of red crucian carp (Cyprinus carpio). METHODS The gill filaments were taken from Cyprinus carpio infected with Edwardsiella tarda and fixed in Bouin's solution. The hematoxylin-eosin (HE), toluidine blue (TB), Alcian blue (AB), neutral red, Masson trichrome, May-Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) stainings and streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemical method were used to observe the mast cells. The smears of head kidney stained by Wright-Giemsa were used as a supplementary method. RESULTS AB and TB were desirable staining solutions for clearly displaying mast cells, and MGG staining came second. Immunohistochemical method showed the small number of tryptase-positive mast cells and a weak positive reaction. The cells in smears were dispersed and showed different developmental stages. CONCLUSION The immunohistochemistry and the histochemical staining combined with Wright-Giemsa-stained smears are two good ways to identify the mast cells of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Cao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guoliang Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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23
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Jahanshahi M, Shaabani R, Nikmahzar EG, Babakordi F. Female rat hippocampal cell density after conditioned place preference. Folia Biol (Praha) 2014; 60:47-51. [PMID: 24594056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is important for learning tasks, such as conditioned place preference (CPP), which is widely used as a model for studying the reinforcing effects of drugs with dependence liability. Long-term opiate use may produce maladaptive plasticity in the brain structures involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus. We investigated the phenomenon of conditioning with morphine on the cell density of female rat hippocampus. Forty-eight female Wistar rats weighing on average 200-250 g were used. Rats were distributed into eight groups. Experimental groups received morphine daily (three days) at different doses (2.5, 5, 7.5 mg/kg) and the control-saline group received normal saline (1 ml/kg), and then the CPP test was performed. Three sham groups received only different doses (2.5, 5, 7.5 mg/kg) of morphine without CPP test. Forty-eight hours after behavioural testing animals were decapitated under chloroform anaesthesia and their brains were fixed, and after tissue processing, slices were stained with cresyl violet for neurons and phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin for astrocytes. The maximum response was obtained with 5 mg/kg of morphine. The density of neurons in CA1 and CA3 areas of hippocampus after injection of morphine and CPP was decreased. The number of astrocytes in different areas of hippocampus was increased after injection of morphine and CPP. It seems that the effective dose was 5 mg/kg, as it led to the CPP. We concluded that both injection of mor phine and CPP can decrease the density of neurons and also increase the number of astrocytes in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jahanshahi
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - R Shaabani
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - E G Nikmahzar
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - F Babakordi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
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24
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Lee S, Yang G, Mulligan W, Gipp J, Bushman W. Ventral prostate fibrosis in the Akita mouse is associated with macrophage and fibrocyte infiltration. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:939053. [PMID: 25019092 PMCID: PMC4074948 DOI: 10.1155/2014/939053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A higher incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among diabetic men is unexplained. Recently, prostate inflammation and fibrosis have been implicated as major contributing factors to bladder outlet obstruction and LUTS. We characterized the inflammatory cell infiltrate and collagen content of the anterior, dorsal, and ventral lobes of 18-week-old DBA2J.Ins2-Akita mice (Akita) and age-matched control mice. We performed hematoxylin and eosin staining to score tissue injury and inflammation, picrosirius red staining to quantitate collagen content, and immunostaining to identify monocytes/macrophages and infiltrating fibrocytes. We observed significantly greater numbers of monocytes/macrophages and fibrocytes specifically in the ventral prostate of the Akita mice and found that this was associated with significant greater collagen content specifically in the ventral prostate of the Akita mice. These observations support the inference that diabetes elicits monocyte/macrophage infiltration and collagen accumulation in the prostate and suggest that further study of Akita mice may inform translational studies of diabetes in the genesis prostatic inflammation, prostatic fibrosis, and LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53717, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53717, USA
| | - William Mulligan
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53717, USA
| | - Jerry Gipp
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53717, USA
| | - Wade Bushman
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53717, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53717, USA
- *Wade Bushman:
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25
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Chang LW, Fu A, Wozniak E, Chow M, Duke DG, Green L, Kelley K, Hernandez JA, Jacobson ER. Immunohistochemical detection of a unique protein within cells of snakes having inclusion body disease, a world-wide disease seen in members of the families Boidae and Pythonidae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82916. [PMID: 24340066 PMCID: PMC3858296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body disease (IBD) is a worldwide disease in captive boa constrictors (boa constrictor) and occasionally in other snakes of the families Boidae and Pythonidae. The exact causative agent(s) and pathogenesis are not yet fully understood. Currently, diagnosis of IBD is based on the light microscopic identification of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in hematoxylin and eosin stained tissues or blood smears. An antigenically unique 68 KDa protein was identified within the IBD inclusion bodies, called IBD protein. A validated immuno-based ante-mortem diagnostic test is needed for screening snakes that are at risk of having IBD. In this study, despite difficulties in solubilizing semi-purified inclusion bodies, utilizing hybridoma technology a mouse anti-IBD protein monoclonal antibody (MAB) was produced. The antigenic specificity of the antibody was confirmed and validated by western blots, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immuno-transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical staining. Paraffin embedded tissues of IBD positive and negative boa constrictors (n=94) collected from 1990 to 2011 were tested with immunohistochemical staining. In boa constrictors, the anti-IBDP MAB had a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 100% in detecting IBD. The antibody also cross-reacted with IBD inclusion bodies in carpet pythons (Morelia spilota) and a ball python (python regius). This validated antibody can serve as a tool for the development of ante-mortem immunodiagnostic tests for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Chang
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ann Fu
- Molecular Pathology Core, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Edward Wozniak
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Public Health Regions 8, Zoonosis Control Unit, Uvalde, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marjorie Chow
- Protein Biomarkers Laboratory, Proteomic Division, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Diane G. Duke
- Hybridoma Laboratory, Cellomic Division, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Linda Green
- Hybridoma Laboratory, Cellomic Division, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Karen Kelley
- Electron Microscopy and Bio-imaging Core Laboratory, Cellomic Division, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jorge A. Hernandez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elliott R. Jacobson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Epitropou G, Kavvadias V, Iliou D, Stathopoulos E, Balas C. A real-time spectral mapper as an emerging diagnostic technology in biomedical sciences. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2013:1422-5. [PMID: 24109964 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Real time spectral imaging and mapping at video rates can have tremendous impact not only on diagnostic sciences but also on fundamental physiological problems. We report the first real-time spectral mapper based on the combination of snap-shot spectral imaging and spectral estimation algorithms. Performance evaluation revealed that six band imaging combined with the Wiener algorithm provided high estimation accuracy, with error levels lying within the experimental noise. High accuracy is accompanied with much faster, by 3 orders of magnitude, spectral mapping, as compared with scanning spectral systems. This new technology is intended to enable spectral mapping at nearly video rates in all kinds of dynamic bio-optical effects as well as in applications where the target-probe relative position is randomly and fast changing.
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García Gómez M, Valle Díaz de la Guardia F, Díaz Moreno E, Muñoz Miguel Sanz MA, Garzón I, Fernández Valadés R, Ruiz Montes AM, Crespo PV. [In vitro generation of a human bladder wall substitute by tissue engineering]. Cir Pediatr 2013; 26:167-172. [PMID: 24645241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Certain urological congenital conditions, such as bladder exstrophy and acquired conditions such as trauma and tumors may require the use of different tissues like small bowel, sigmoid colon or stomach for bladder reconstruction. However, these tissues are often associated to important complications. The aim of this study is to develop a novel substitute of the human bladder wall by tissue engineering. MATERIAL AND METHODS We first generated primary cell cultures of epithelial and stromal bladder mucosa cells from small tissue biopsies of human bladder by using enzymatic methods based on trypsin-EDTA and collagenase I. Then, a three-dimensional substitute of the bladder mucosa was generated using fibrin-agarose biomaterials. The analysis of the tissue substitutes was carried out at day 14th of development by histological examination of samples stained with hematoxylin-eosin. RESULTS The use of enzymatic digestion methods allowed us to efficiently generate primary cell cultures of the human bladder epithelial and stromal cells. The proliferation rate was higher in stromal cells as compared to epithelial cells. Once the bladder mucosa substitutes were generated, a good biocompatibility of the stromal and epithelial cells into the biomaterial was found. The histological structure of the bladder wall substitutes was analogue to that of the native human bladder mucosa. CONCLUSIONS The bladder mucosa substitute generated by tissue engineering showed structural and histological similarities with the native human bladder tissues and open the door to the future therapeutic use of these bioengineered tissues.
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Chang H, Han J, Borowsky A, Loss L, Gray JW, Spellman PT, Parvin B. Invariant delineation of nuclear architecture in glioblastoma multiforme for clinical and molecular association. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2013; 32:670-82. [PMID: 23221815 PMCID: PMC3728287 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2012.2231420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Automated analysis of whole mount tissue sections can provide insights into tumor subtypes and the underlying molecular basis of neoplasm. However, since tumor sections are collected from different laboratories, inherent technical and biological variations impede analysis for very large datasets such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our objective is to characterize tumor histopathology, through the delineation of the nuclear regions, from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue sections. Such a representation can then be mined for intrinsic subtypes across a large dataset for prediction and molecular association. Furthermore, nuclear segmentation is formulated within a multi-reference graph framework with geodesic constraints, which enables computation of multidimensional representations, on a cell-by-cell basis, for functional enrichment and bioinformatics analysis. Here, we present a novel method, multi-reference graph cut (MRGC), for nuclear segmentation that overcomes technical variations associated with sample preparation by incorporating prior knowledge from manually annotated reference images and local image features. The proposed approach has been validated on manually annotated samples and then applied to a dataset of 377 Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) whole slide images from 146 patients. For the GBM cohort, multidimensional representation of the nuclear features and their organization have identified 1) statistically significant subtypes based on several morphometric indexes, 2) whether each subtype can be predictive or not, and 3) that the molecular correlates of predictive subtypes are consistent with the literature. Data and intermediaries for a number of tumor types (GBM, low grade glial, and kidney renal clear carcinoma) are available at: http://tcga.lbl.gov for correlation with TCGA molecular data. The website also provides an interface for panning and zooming of whole mount tissue sections with/without overlaid segmentation results for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chang
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720 U.S.A
| | - Ju Han
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720 U.S.A
| | - Alexander Borowsky
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 U.S.A
| | - Leandro Loss
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720 U.S.A
| | - Joe W. Gray
- Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, 97239 U.S.A
| | - Paul T. Spellman
- Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, 97239 U.S.A
| | - Bahram Parvin
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720 U.S.A
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Miyagawa M. [Histochemical stains for minerals by hematoxylin-lake method]. Rinsho Byori 2013; 61:313-317. [PMID: 23855187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to establish the experimental animal model by histological staining methods for minerals. After intraperitoneal injections of minerals, precipitates deposited on the surface of the liver. Liver tissues were fixed in paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and cut into thin sections which were used as minerals containing standard section. Several reagents for histological stains and spectrophotometry for minerals were applied in both test-tube experiments and stainings of tissue sections to test for minerals. Hematoxylin-lake was found of capable of staining minerals in tissue. A simple technique used was described for light microscopic detection of minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Miyagawa
- Central Experimental Animal Center, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
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Xing Y, Lv A, Wang L, Yan X, Zhao W, Cao F. Engineered myocardial tissues constructed in vivo using cardiomyocyte-like cells derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:6. [PMID: 22240454 PMCID: PMC3276447 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the feasibility of constructing engineered myocardial tissues (EMTs) in vivo, using polylactic acid -co-glycolic acid (PLGA) for scaffold and cardiomyocyte-like cells derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) for seeded cells. METHODS BMMSCs were isolated from femur and tibia of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by density-gradient centrifugation. The third passage cells were treated with 10 μmol/L 5-azacytidine (5-aza) and 0.1 μmol/L angiotensin II (Ang II) for 24 h, followed by culturing in complete medium for 3 weeks to differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells. The cardiomyocyte-like cells were seeded into PLGA scaffolds to form the grafts. The grafts were cultured in the incubator for three days and then implanted into the peritoneal cavity of SD rats. Four weeks later, routine hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemical staining for myocardium-specific cardiac troponin I (cTnI), scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the morphology and microconstruction of the EMTs in host rats. RESULTS HE staining showed that the cardiomyocyte-like cells distributed equally in the PLGA scaffold, and the nuclei arranged in the spindle shape. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that majority of engrafted cells in the PLGA -Cardiomyocyte-like cells group were positive for cTnI. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the inoculated cells well attached to PLGA and grew in 3 dimensions in construct. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the EMTs contained well arranged myofilaments paralleled to the longitudinal cell axis, the cells were rich in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, while desmosomes, gap junction and Z line-like substances were also can be observed as well within the engrafted cells. CONCLUSION We have developed an in vivo method to construct engineered myocardial tissue. The in vivo microenvironment helped engrafted cells/tissue survive and share similarities with the native heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Anlin Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xuebo Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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Abstract
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) allows the precise procurement of enriched cell populations from a heterogeneous tissue, or live cell culture, under direct microscopic visualization. Histologically enriched cell populations can be procured by harvesting cells of interest directly or isolating specific cells by ablating unwanted cells. The basic components of laser microdissection technology are (a) visualization of cells via light microscopy, (b) transfer of laser energy to a thermolabile polymer with either the formation of a polymer-cell composite (capture method) or transfer of laser energy via an ultraviolet laser to photovolatize a region of tissue (cutting method), and (c) removal of cells of interest from the heterogeneous tissue section. The capture and cutting methods (instruments) for laser microdissection differ in the manner by which cells of interest are removed from the heterogeneous sample. Laser energy in the capture method is infrared (810 nm), while in the cutting mode the laser is ultraviolet (355 nm). Infrared lasers melt a thermolabile polymer that adheres to the cells of interest, whereas ultraviolet lasers ablate cells for either removal of unwanted cells or excision of a defined area of cells. LCM technology is applicable to an array of applications including mass spectrometry, DNA genotyping and loss-of-heterozygosity analysis, RNA transcript profiling, cDNA library generation, proteomics discovery, and signal kinase pathway profiling. This chapter describes LCM using an Arcturus(XT) instrument for downstream protein sample analysis and using an mmi CellCut Plus® instrument for RNA analysis via NanoString technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Golubeva
- National Cancer Institute-Frederick/SAIC, Frederick, MD, USA
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Abstract
Accurate analysis of the three-dimensional (3D) architecture of developing organs is critical to understanding how developmental defects can be linked with structural abnormalities. Here, we describe a 3D reconstruction technique of the developing kidney including the outer kidney capsule, ureteric epithelium, and developing nephrons. This 3D reconstructive process involves generating serial sections of the developing kidney, followed by histological staining. Each serial image is projected on the monitor and each tissue lineage or structure is traced. The kidney tracings are aligned and a 3D image is rendered. Each reconstructed tissue/lineage can then be subjected to quantitative analysis (e.g., surface area or volume). The reconstructed ureteric epithelium can be skeletonized to determine the branching architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Rangos Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Uttam S, Bista RK, Hartman DJ, Brand RE, Liu Y. Correction of stain variations in nuclear refractive index of clinical histology specimens. J Biomed Opt 2011; 16:116013. [PMID: 22112118 PMCID: PMC3221715 DOI: 10.1117/1.3650306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
For any technique to be adopted into a clinical setting, it is imperative that it seamlessly integrates with well-established clinical diagnostic workflow. We recently developed an optical microscopy technique-spatial-domain low-coherence quantitative phase microscopy (SL-QPM) that can extract the refractive index of the cell nucleus from the standard histology specimens on glass slides prepared via standard clinical protocols. This technique has shown great potential in detecting cancer with a better sensitivity than conventional pathology. A major hurdle in the clinical translation of this technique is the intrinsic variation among staining agents used in histology specimens, which limits the accuracy of refractive index measurements of clinical samples. In this paper, we present a simple and easily generalizable method to remove the effect of variations in staining levels on nuclear refractive index obtained with SL-QPM. We illustrate the efficacy of our correction method by applying it to variously stained histology samples from animal model and clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhar Uttam
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Optical Imaging Laboratory (BOIL), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA.
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Kumar K, Manohar MR. Consistency of histomorphometric measurements of normal oral epithelium subjected to variations in routine tissue processing. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2011; 33:12-18. [PMID: 22125841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of formalin fixation time on histomorphometry by changing the fixation time and the effect of the age of processing solutions on histomorphometry by processing tissues in solutions of varying ages. STUDY DESIGN The study consisted of two parts. The first part examined the effect of formalin fixation time on histomorphometry by changing the fixation time. The second part looked at the the effect of the age of processing solutions on histomorphometry by processing tissues in solutions of different ages. RESULTS In first part of the study, cytoplasmic expansion was observed between 24 hours and 1 week of fixation, followed by shrinkage thereafter. The nuclear area showed progressive shrinkage from 24 hours to 1 month. In second part of the study, tissues processed in fresh solution showed more shrinkage than tissues processed in used solution. CONCLUSION It is important to be aware of changes in histomorphometric values resulting from a variable fixation period and age of processing solutions. It is also important to standardize the histomorphometric procedure or take into account the effect of factors that influence morphometric values to minimize the errors due to the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology, J. K. K. Nataraja Dental College and Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, and Educare Institute of Dental Sciences, Chattiparamba, Malappuram, Kerala, India.
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Singh SS, Ray MJ, Davis W, Marshall JR, Sakr WA, Mohler JL. Manual and automated systems in the analysis of images from prostate tissue microarray cores. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2010; 32:311-319. [PMID: 21456342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare manual and automated image analysis systems in morphologic analysis of nuclei from benign prostate, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostate cancer (CaP). Morphologic features derived using automated image analysis systems may be more objective and reproducible than manual systems, which require humans to segment nuclei from histologic images. STUDY DESIGN Images of hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of prostate tissue microarray were analyzed independently using the automated and manual systems. Mean optical density (MOD), nuclear area (NA), and nuclear roundness factor (NRF) were the morphologic features studied. The ability to differentiate between tissue types using morphologic features derived from an automated and a manual system was compared. RESULTS Nuclei from 17 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), 4 HGPIN, and 8 aggressive CaP were analyzed. The manual system distinguished better between BPH and HGPIN (p < 0.0001), whereas the automated system distinguished better between BPH and CaP (p = 0.01) in multivariate models. The manual system distinguished better BPH and HGPIN using NA (p < 0.0001) and MOD (p < 0.0001), whereas the automated system distinguished better BPH and CaP using MOD (p < 0.0001) and NRF (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION The minimal human effort required for automated image analysis makes it superior to the manual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaroop S Singh
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.
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Nasirizadeh N, Zare HR, Pournaghi-Azar MH, Hejazi MS. Introduction of hematoxylin as an electroactive label for DNA biosensors and its employment in detection of target DNA sequence and single-base mismatch in human papilloma virus corresponding to oligonucleotide. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:2638-44. [PMID: 21146975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
For the detection of DNA hybridization, a new electrochemical biosensor was developed on the basis of the interaction of hematoxylin with 20-mer deoxyoligonucleotides (from human papilloma virus, HPV). The study was performed based on the interaction of hematoxylin with an alkanethiol DNA probe self-assembled gold electrode (ss-DNA/AuE) and its hybridization form (ds-DNA/AuE). The optimum conditions were found for the immobilization of HPV probe on the gold electrode (AuE) surface and its hybridization with the target DNA. Electrochemical detection of the self-assembled DNA and the hybridization process were performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) over the potential range where the accumulated hematoxylin at the modified electrode was electroactive. Observing a remarkable difference between the voltammetric signals of the hematoxylin obtained from different hybridization samples (non-complementary, mismatch and complementary DNAs), we confirmed the potential of the developed biosensor in detecting and discriminating the target complementary DNA from non-complementary and mismatch oligonucleotides. Under optimum conditions, the electrochemical signal had a linear relationship with the concentration of the target DNA ranging from 12.5 nM to 350.0 nM, and the detection limit was 3.8 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Nasirizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Yazd University, P.O. Box 89195-741, Yazd, Iran
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Mansour MA, Bekheet SA, Al-Rejaie SS, Al-Shabanah OA, Al-Howiriny TA, Al-Rikabi AC, Abdo AA. Ginger ingredients inhibit the development of diethylnitrosoamine induced premalignant phenotype in rat chemical hepatocarcinogenesis model. Biofactors 2010; 36:483-90. [PMID: 20872761 DOI: 10.1002/biof.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the possible antitumor activity of ginger extract against hepatic carcinogenesis initiated by diethylnitrosoamines (DEN) and promoted by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4) ). A total of 60 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups with 15 animals in each group. Rats in group 1 (control group) received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of normal saline. Animals in group 2 were given ginger (50 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 8 weeks. Rats in group 3 (DEN group) were injected with a single dose of DEN (200 mg/kg, i.p.), 2 weeks later received a single dose of CCl(4) (2 mL/kg i.g) by gavage as 1:1 dilution in corn oil. Animals in group 4 (DEN-ginger group) received the same carcinogenesis induction protocol as in group 3 plus ginger (50 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 2 weeks before induction of hepatocarcinogenesis and continued throughout the experimental period. DEN-initiated and CCl(4) -promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistar rats was manifested biochemically by elevation of serum hepatic tumor markers tested; α-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen. In addition, hepatocarcinogenesis was further confirmed by a significant increase in hepatic tissue growth factors; vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and hydroxyproline content. A marked decrease in endostatin and metallothonein were also observed. Long-term ginger extract administration 2 weeks before induction of hepatocarcinogenesis and throughout the experimental period prevented the decrease of the hepatic content of metallothionein and endostatin and the increase in the growth factors induced by the carcinogen. Moreover, ginger extract normalize serum hepatic tumor markers. Histopathological examination of liver tissue also correlated with the biochemical observations. These findings suggest a protective effect of ginger extract against premalignant stages of liver cancer in the DEN-initiated and CCl(4) -promoted hepatocarcinogenesis model in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Begelman G, Zibulevsky M, Rivlin E, Kolatt T. Blind decomposition of transmission light microscopic hyperspectral cube using sparse representation. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2009; 28:1317-24. [PMID: 19258197 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2009.2015145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we address the problem of fully automated decomposition of hyperspectral images for transmission light microscopy. The hyperspectral images are decomposed into spectrally homogeneous compounds. The resulting compounds are described by their spectral characteristics and optical density. We present the multiplicative physical model of image formation in transmission light microscopy, justify reduction of a hyperspectral image decomposition problem to a blind source separation problem, and provide method for hyperspectral restoration of separated compounds. In our approach, dimensionality reduction using principal component analysis (PCA) is followed by a blind source separation (BSS) algorithm. The BSS method is based on sparsifying transformation of observed images and relative Newton optimization procedure. The presented method was verified on hyperspectral images of biological tissues. The method was compared to the existing approach based on nonnegative matrix factorization. Experiments showed that the presented method is faster and better separates the biological compounds from imaging artifacts. The results obtained in this work may be used for improving automatic microscope hardware calibration and computer-aided diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory Begelman
- Department of Computer Science, Technion, IsraelInstitute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel.
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Abstract
Fluorescence confocal mosaicing microscopy of tissue biopsies stained with acridine orange has been shown to accurately identify tumors and with an overall sensitivity of 96.6% and specificity of 89.2%. However, fluorescence shows only nuclear detail similar to hematoxylin in histopathology and does not show collagen or cytoplasm, which may provide necessary negative contrast information similar to eosin used in histopathology. Reflectance mode contrast is sensitive to collagen and cytoplasm without staining. To further improve sensitivity and specificity, digitally stained confocal mosaics combine confocal fluorescence and reflectance images in a multimodal pseudo-color image to mimic the appearance of histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin and facilitate the introduction of confocal microscopy into the clinical realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Gareau
- Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, 160 East 53rd Street, New York, New York 10022, USA.
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Ohtsuki K, Koyama F, Tamura T, Enomoto Y, Fujii H, Mukogawa T, Nakagawa T, Uchimoto K, Nakamura S, Nonomura A, Nakajima Y. Prognostic value of immunohistochemical analysis of tumor budding in colorectal carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2008; 28:1831-1836. [PMID: 18630467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor 'budding' of colorectal carcinoma along the invasive margin has been associated with increased malignant potential. This study investigated the possible prognostic significance of budding in invasive colorectal carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Specimens resected from 149 patients who underwent potentially curative surgery for invasive colorectal carcinoma were studied. Budding was defined according to Ueno's criteria; budding intensity was assessed by examination of hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained specimens and immunohistochemical (IHC)-stained specimens using anti-cytokeratin antibody and anti-lymphatic vessel antibody. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis identified many more budding foci that were not detectable by examination of HE-stained specimens. Multivariate analyses revealed that budding identified using immunohistochemical staining was a significant prognostic marker for disease-free survival and there was significant correlation between budding and microlymphatic vessel infiltration at the invasive tumor front. CONCLUSION Budding, particularly as assessed with immunohistochemical staining, is a useful predictor of poor prognosis in patients with invasive colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Ohtsuki
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-city, Nara, Japan.
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Daskalakis A, Kostopoulos S, Spyridonos P, Glotsos D, Ravazoula P, Kardari M, Kalatzis I, Cavouras D, Nikiforidis G. Design of a multi-classifier system for discriminating benign from malignant thyroid nodules using routinely H&E-stained cytological images. Comput Biol Med 2008; 38:196-203. [PMID: 17996861 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kasacka I, Majewski M. An immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the stomach of hypertensive rats. J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 58:469-478. [PMID: 17928643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Essential hypertension is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental determinants. The effect of spontaneous hypertension on the distribution and occurrence of somatostatin-, gastrin- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the fundus and pylorus of the rat stomach was examined by immunohistochemistry. The animals were killed by decapitation at 4 and 16 weeks of age (5 control rats and 5 hypertensive rats). Endocrine cells generally increase in number in hypertensive rats as compared to control rats. However, the detailed responses of endocrine cells to hypertension depend on the cell type, region of gastric mucosa and age of animals. The present results suggest that hypertension has an influence on the intrinsic regulatory system by endocrine cells control in the rat stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Białystok, Poland.
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Dayananda BP, Revanasiddappa HD, Kiran Kumar TN. Micellanized spectrophotometric method for the determination of beryllium using haematoxylin. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2007; 67:1333-8. [PMID: 17126595 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitized spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of beryllium has been described. The method is based on the formation of a ternary complex by the reaction of beryllium with haematoxylin in the presence of micellar medium (cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide). The ternary complex of beryllium has a maximum absorbance at 592 nm and showed an excellent sensitivity (molar absorption coefficient of 7.07 x 10(4)L mol(-1)cm(-1) and the Sandell's sensitivity being 1.27 x 10(-4) microg cm(-2)) and reproducibility (within-day precision: R.S.D.<or=0.36%, n=5, between-day precision: R.S.D.<or=0.65%, n=5). Linearity was achieved over the range 0.01-0.1 microg mL(-1) of beryllium with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The effect of foreign substances on the determination has been examined. The proposed procedure has been applied to the determination of beryllium in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Dayananda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore 570006, India
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De Rossi A, Rocha LB, Rossi MA. Application of fluorescence microscopy on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of healthy and diseased teeth and supporting structures. J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 36:377-81. [PMID: 17559501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Destruction of dental tissue and supporting structures is usually microscopically assessed by routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections. This short communication is concerned with the potential role of fluorescence microscopy of HE-stained sections to study morphological aspects of intact and pathological teeth in dental research. This methodology improves the visualization of the anatomical structures of the intact teeth, especially anatomical features and periodontal ligament spatial distribution. This technique also improves the visualization of the root and bone resorption and the delineation of the periapical lesion extension. The fluorescence microscopy technique of HE-stained sections is an easy, reliable and inexpensive method that seems to be a useful tool for evaluating morphological aspects of intact and pathological teeth in dental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andiara De Rossi
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii, the two recognized causes of coccidioidomycosis, may be detected by direct microscopy, culture, and serologic documentation. Two useful stains include the Grocott methenamine silver (GMS) and the calcofluor white (CFW). Other useful stains used in histopathologic studies include hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS). Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have been introduced for detection of Coccidioides spp. in specimens, but are not yet commercially available. Isolation of Coccidioides spp. by culture is not difficult as many fungal as well as routine bacteriologic media are available. For the safe isolation of Coccidioides spp., the laboratory should maintain a biological safety level 2 or 3. Identification of Coccidioides spp. uses the organisms' phenotypic or genotypic characteristics. Phenotypic identification to genus level may be achieved by visualization of spherules in specimens and/or by the presence of arthroconidia in culture. Isolates may be confirmed as Coccidioides spp. by molecular probes. Separation of species into C. immitis and C. posadasii is best achieved by specialized molecular techniques which are not normally available in routine clinical laboratories. Humoral antibodies can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of coccidioidomycosis. Although positive serologic results may be helpful in the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis, negative serologic results cannot be used to rule out the disease. Enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and immunodiffusion methods are commonly used for detection of both IgM and IgG antibody groups. Sequential complement fixation (CF) studies for IgG class of antibody are useful for the prognosis of coccidioidomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Saubolle
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, 1111 E. McDowell Road, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA.
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Gharravi AM, Golalipour MJ, Ghorbani R, Khazaei M. Effects modification of iron hematoxylin on neuron staining. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:768-772. [PMID: 19069861 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.768.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Iron weigert staining methods is used as nuclear staining. In present study we introduce a modification iron weigert hematoxylin for staining neuron without astrocytes. Whole brain of adult wistar rats (12-13 week old) were removed, immersed in formaldehyde fixative and embedded in paraffin. Sections, 5-7 microm (from brain cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum) divided to three groups: one for staining by Hematoxyllin and eosin, second for staining by cresyl fast violet (that specially performed for Nisl substances in neuron) and last for staining by modification iron hematoxyllin methods, but different in quantity and quality. In new method general and specific architecture of neuron, nucleus and nuclear envelope was clearly visible reactions of neuron were predominant. Astrocyte did not respond to staining methods. Also spines (axon) of purkinje cells clearly visible. Modification iron weigert hematoxylin can be replacement to cost and time consuming chemical staining method for staining neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Gharravi
- Department of Anatomy, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Korzhevskiĭ DE. [Application of hematoxylin in histological technique]. Morfologiia 2007; 132:77-82. [PMID: 18411731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This review of the literature presents the data on the history of development of the methods of staining of histological sections using the natural dye, hematoxylin. The content of solutions of the most commonly used alum hematoxylins is described. The information is given on the modern staining methods, in which alum and iron hematoxylins are used, as well as on the hematoxylins, in which vanadium, lead, bismuth, uranium and other metals' salts are applied as mordants.
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Pawlak K, Puchalska M, Miszczak A, Rosłoniec E, Jarosz M. Blue natural organic dyestuffs--from textile dyeing to mural painting. Separation and characterization of coloring matters present in elderberry, logwood and indigo. J Mass Spectrom 2006; 41:613-22. [PMID: 16575781 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural dyestuffs used for painting or dyeing of textiles are complex mixtures of compounds of various chemical properties. Proper identification of the dye used by a painter and, even better, its origin is possible only when its compositional 'fingerprint' can be evaluated. For this reason gradient program for liquid chromatographic separation of 16 color compounds--components of natural blue dyes: elderberry, logwood and indigo--has been developed. Two detector systems were used simultaneously: UV-Vis spectrophotometry (at 280, 445, 520 and 600 nm) and ESI mass spectrometry (positive and negative SIM mode). It was found that fragmentation observed in ESI-MS is affected not only by ion source parameters, but also by chromatographic conditions, especially in case of the less stable substances: cyanidin glucosides, tannic acid, rutin and hematoxylin. Examination of characteristic dissociation pathways of the compounds under investigation after direct admission into ion source or after chromatographic separation allowed to select proper ions for SIM detection and to develop novel and efficient reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC)-UV-Vis/ESI-MS method for the analysis of natural blue dyes. The procedure was successfully applied for identification of indigotin and carminic acid-main colorants extracted from a fiber taken from the blue-red 'Italian' tapestry (the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw, Poland).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pawlak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Warsaw, Poland
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