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Leonard J, Kepplinger D, Espina V, Gillevet P, Ke Y, Birukov KG, Doctor A, Hoemann CD. Whole blood coagulation in an ex vivo thrombus is sufficient to induce clot neutrophils to adopt a myeloid-derived suppressor cell signature and shed soluble Lox-1. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1031-1045. [PMID: 38135253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood clots are living tissues that release inflammatory mediators including IL-8/CXCL8 and MCP-1/CCL2. A deeper understanding of blood clots is needed to develop new therapies for prothrombotic disease states and regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVES To identify a common transcriptional shift in cultured blood clot leukocytes. METHODS Differential gene expression of whole blood and cultured clots (4 hours at 37 °C) was assessed by RNA sequencing (RNAseq), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, proteomics, and histology (23 diverse healthy human donors). Cultured clot serum bioactivity was tested in endothelial barrier functional assays. RESULTS All cultured clots developed a polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell (PMN-MDSC) signature, including up-regulation of OLR1 (mRNA encoding lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 [Lox-1]), IL-8/CXCL8, CXCL2, CCL2, IL10, IL1A, SPP1, TREM1, and DUSP4/MKP. Lipopolysaccharide enhanced PMN-MDSC gene expression and specifically induced a type II interferon response with IL-6 production. Lox-1 was specifically expressed by cultured clot CD15+ neutrophils. Cultured clot neutrophils, but not activated platelets, shed copious amounts of soluble Lox-1 (sLox-1) with a donor-dependent amplitude. sLox-1 shedding was enhanced by phorbol ester and suppressed by heparin and by beta-glycerol phosphate, a phosphatase inhibitor. Cultured clot serum significantly enhanced endothelial cell monolayer barrier function, consistent with a proresolving bioactivity. CONCLUSION This study suggests that PMN-MDSC activation is part of the innate immune response to coagulation which may have a protective role in inflammation. The cultured blood clot is an innovative thrombus model that can be used to study both sterile and nonsterile inflammatory states and could be used as a personalized medicine tool for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leonard
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - David Kepplinger
- Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Department of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Pat Gillevet
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Allan Doctor
- Departments of Pediatrics & Bioengineering and Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline D Hoemann
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA.
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Andalibi A, Veneziano R, Paige M, Buschmann M, Haymond A, Espina V, Luchini A, Liotta L, Bishop B, Van Hoek M. Drug discovery efforts at George Mason University. SLAS Discov 2023; 28:270-274. [PMID: 36921802 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
With over 39,000 students, and research expenditures in excess of $200 million, George Mason University (GMU) is the largest R1 (Carnegie Classification of very high research activity) university in Virginia. Mason scientists have been involved in the discovery and development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics in areas as diverse as infectious diseases and cancer. Below are highlights of the efforts being led by Mason researchers in the drug discovery arena. To enable targeted cellular delivery, and non-biomedical applications, Veneziano and colleagues have developed a synthesis strategy that enables the design of self-assembling DNA nanoparticles (DNA origami) with prescribed shape and size in the 10 to 100 nm range. The nanoparticles can be loaded with molecules of interest such as drugs, proteins and peptides, and are a promising new addition to the drug delivery platforms currently in use. The investigators also recently used the DNA origami nanoparticles to fine tune the spatial presentation of immunogens to study the impact on B cell activation. These studies are an important step towards the rational design of vaccines for a variety of infectious agents. To elucidate the parameters for optimizing the delivery efficiency of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), Buschmann, Paige and colleagues have devised methods for predicting and experimentally validating the pKa of LNPs based on the structure of the ionizable lipids used to formulate the LNPs. These studies may pave the way for the development of new LNP delivery vehicles that have reduced systemic distribution and improved endosomal release of their cargo post administration. To better understand protein-protein interactions and identify potential drug targets that disrupt such interactions, Luchini and colleagues have developed a methodology that identifies contact points between proteins using small molecule dyes. The dye molecules noncovalently bind to the accessible surfaces of a protein complex with very high affinity, but are excluded from contact regions. When the complex is denatured and digested with trypsin, the exposed regions covered by the dye do not get cleaved by the enzyme, whereas the contact points are digested. The resulting fragments can then be identified using mass spectrometry. The data generated can serve as the basis for designing small molecules and peptides that can disrupt the formation of protein complexes involved in disease processes. For example, using peptides based on the interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), Luchini, Liotta, Paige and colleagues disrupted the formation of IL-1/IL-R/IL-1RAcP complex and demonstrated that the inhibition of complex formation reduced the inflammatory response to IL-1B. Working on the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents, Bishop, van Hoek and colleagues have discovered a number of antimicrobial peptides from reptiles and other species. DRGN-1, is a synthetic peptide based on a histone H1-derived peptide that they had identified from Komodo Dragon plasma. DRGN-1 was shown to disrupt bacterial biofilms and promote wound healing in an animal model. The peptide, along with others, is being developed and tested in preclinical studies. Other research by van Hoek and colleagues focuses on in silico antimicrobial peptide discovery, screening of small molecules for antibacterial properties, as well as assessment of diffusible signal factors (DFS) as future therapeutics. The above examples provide insight into the cutting-edge studies undertaken by GMU scientists to develop novel methodologies and platform technologies important to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Andalibi
- School for Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Remi Veneziano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Michael Buschmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Amanda Haymond
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA; School for Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA; School for Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Barney Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Monique Van Hoek
- School for Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
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Lang JD, Nguyen TVV, Levin MK, Blas PE, Williams HL, Rodriguez ESR, Briones N, Mueller C, Selleck W, Moore S, Zismann VL, Hendricks WPD, Espina V, O'Shaughnessy J. Pilot clinical trial and phenotypic analysis in chemotherapy-pretreated, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with oral TAK-228 and TAK-117 (PIKTOR) to increase DNA damage repair deficiency followed by cisplatin and nab paclitaxel. Biomark Res 2023; 11:73. [PMID: 37491309 PMCID: PMC10369813 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have homologous recombination deficiency with upregulation of compensatory DNA repair pathways. PIKTOR, a combination of TAK-228 (TORC1/2 inhibitor) and TAK-117 (PI3Kα inhibitor), is hypothesized to increase genomic instability and increase DNA damage repair (DDR) deficiency, leading to increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and to immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors. METHODS 10 metastatic TNBC patients received 4 mg TAK-228 and 200 mg TAK-117 (PIKTOR) orally each day for 3 days followed by 4 days off, weekly, until disease progression (PD), followed by intravenous cisplatin 75 mg/m2 plus nab paclitaxel 220 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles. Patients received subsequent treatment with pembrolizumab and/or chemotherapy. Primary endpoints were objective response rate with cisplatin/nab paclitaxel and safety. Biopsies of a metastatic lesion were collected prior to and at PD on PIKTOR. Whole exome and RNA-sequencing and reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) were used to phenotype tumors pre- and post-PIKTOR for alterations in DDR, proliferation, and immune response. RESULTS With cisplatin/nab paclitaxel (cis/nab pac) therapy post PIKTOR, 3 patients had clinical benefit (1 partial response (PR) and 2 stable disease (SD) ≥ 6 months) and continued to have durable benefit in progression-free survival with pembrolizumab post-cis/nab pac for 1.2, 2, and 3.6 years. Their post-PIKTOR metastatic tissue displayed decreased mismatch repair (MMR), increased tumor mutation burden, and significantly lower levels of 53BP1, DAG Lipase β, GCN2, AKT Ser473, and PKCzeta Thr410/403 compared to pre-PIKTOR tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS Priming patients' chemotherapy-pretreated metastatic TNBC with PIKTOR led to very prolonged response/disease control with subsequent cis/nab pac, followed by pembrolizumab, in 3 of 10 treated patients. Our multi-omics approach revealed a higher number of genomic alterations, reductions in MMR, and alterations in immune and stress response pathways post-PIKTOR in patients who had durable responses. TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical trial was registered on June 21, 2017, at ClinicalTrials.gov using identifier NCT03193853.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Lang
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Tuong Vi V Nguyen
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Maren K Levin
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Page E Blas
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | | | | | - Natalia Briones
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 22030, USA
| | - William Selleck
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Sarah Moore
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Victoria L Zismann
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - William P D Hendricks
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Joyce O'Shaughnessy
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, 3410 Worth Street, Suite 400, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
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Vuong NB, Alomia M, Alruwaili I, Alsaab F, Erickson JL, Zhou W, Luchini A, Van Hoek M, Espina V, Hoefer RA, Liotta L. Abstract 189: Evaluating the influence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus-derived extracellular vesicles on calcium deposition in early breast cancer. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Microcalcifications are an important mammographic feature of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and are detected in 85-90% of abnormal mammograms. Calcium transport and calcium channels regulate microcalcifications and are essential for breast cancer proliferation. The breast duct intraductal lumen, which is the origin of ductal carcinomas, has been shown to be a non-sterile environment. We hypothesize that the intraductal microbiome influences calcium handling and mineral deposition in breast cancer. Bacteria have been known to enhance the formation of mineral deposits, including calcium salts, in various non mammalian microenvironments via secreted factors or extracellular vesicle mediated nucleation. We performed a clinical study on a cohort of 150 women who received a suspicious mammogram and were subjected to a follow up biopsy, and we identified differences in calcium handling microbiota between patients who harbored a malignant disease with respect to benign controls. To mechanistically study the role of microbiota in breast cancer calcium handling, we developed a 3D spheroid model of ductal carcinoma in situ using the BT-474 cell line. When exposed to high concentrations of calcium in the culture medium (from 1.75 mM to 2.05 mM), spheroids developed calcium mineral deposits in a calcium dose dependent manner; deposits were identified in internal regions of the spheroid, which correspond to hypoxic areas of DCIS in vivo. Extracellular calcium deposition correlated with cell survival in face of a toxic calcium level. Spheroids were cultured under a continuous flow of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LMS2-1-derived EVs over the course of two weeks. EVs were isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation; the 100K fraction was retained and characterized in terms of size, concentration, and protein content. EV treatment induced increased calcium export and mineral deposition in a dose dependent manner. Our findings support the hypothesis that L. rhamnosus-derived extracellular vesicles influence calcium regulation and mineral deposition in the hypoxic breast cancer milieu. More studies will be undertaken in the future to unveil molecular mechanisms that underlie this interaction, both at the cancer cell and the microbiota level.
Citation Format: Ngoc Bao Vuong, Melany Alomia, Intisar Alruwaili, Fahad Alsaab, James L. Erickson, Weidong Zhou, Alessandra Luchini, Monique Van Hoek, Virginia Espina, Richard A. Hoefer, Lance Liotta. Evaluating the influence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus-derived extracellular vesicles on calcium deposition in early breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 189.
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Liotta LA, Pappalardo PA, Carpino A, Haymond A, Howard M, Espina V, Wulfkuhle J, Petricoin E. Laser Capture Proteomics: spatial tissue molecular profiling from the bench to personalized medicine. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:845-861. [PMID: 34607525 PMCID: PMC10720974 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1984886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) uses a laser to isolate, or capture, specific cells of interest in a complex heterogeneous tissue section, under direct microscopic visualization. Recently, there has been a surge of publications using LCM for tissue spatial molecular profiling relevant to a wide range of research topics. AREAS COVERED We summarize the many advances in tissue Laser Capture Proteomics (LCP) using mass spectrometry for discovery, and protein arrays for signal pathway network mapping. This review emphasizes: a) transition of LCM phosphoproteomics from the lab to the clinic for individualized cancer therapy, and b) the emerging frontier of LCM single cell molecular analysis combining proteomics with genomic, and transcriptomic analysis. The search strategy was based on the combination of MeSH terms with expert refinement. EXPERT OPINION LCM is complemented by a rich set of instruments, methodology protocols, and analytical A.I. (artificial intelligence) software for basic and translational research. Resolution is advancing to the tissue single cell level. A vision for the future evolution of LCM is presented. Emerging LCM technology is combining digital and AI guided remote imaging with automation, and telepathology, to a achieve multi-omic profiling that was not previously possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance A. Liotta
- Center For Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine (CAPMM) School of Systems Biology, College of Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Philip A. Pappalardo
- Center For Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine (CAPMM) School of Systems Biology, College of Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Alan Carpino
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Haymond
- Center For Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine (CAPMM) School of Systems Biology, College of Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Marissa Howard
- Center For Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine (CAPMM) School of Systems Biology, College of Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center For Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine (CAPMM) School of Systems Biology, College of Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Julie Wulfkuhle
- Center For Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine (CAPMM) School of Systems Biology, College of Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Emanuel Petricoin
- Center For Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine (CAPMM) School of Systems Biology, College of Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
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AlMasri SS, Zenati MS, Desilva A, Nassour I, Boone BA, Singhi AD, Bartlett DL, Liotta LA, Espina V, Loughran P, Lotze MT, Paniccia A, Zeh HJ, Zureikat AH, Bahary N. Encouraging long-term survival following autophagy inhibition using neoadjuvant hydroxychloroquine and gemcitabine for high-risk patients with resectable pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7233-7241. [PMID: 34559451 PMCID: PMC8525088 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preoperative autophagy inhibition with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in combination with gemcitabine in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been shown to be safe and effective in inducing a serum biomarker response and increase resection rates in a previous phase I/II clinical trial. We aimed to analyze the long-term outcomes of preoperative HCQ with gemcitabine for this cohort. METHODS A review of patients enrolled between July 2010 and February 2013 in the completed phase I/II single arm (two doses of fixed-dose gemcitabine (1500 mg/m2 ) in combination with oral hydroxychloroquine administered for 31 consecutive days until the day of surgery for high-risk pancreatic cancer) was undertaken. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival analysis (OS) using Kaplan-Meier estimates were performed. RESULTS Of 35 patients initially enrolled, 29 patients underwent surgical resection (median age at diagnosis: 62 years, 45% females). Median duration of follow-up was 7.5 years. There was a median 15% decrease in the serum CA19-9 levels following completion of neoadjuvant therapy and 83% of the cohort underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy, 7 (24%) patients had a concomitant venous resection. On histopathology, 14 (48%) patients had at least a partial treatment response. The median PFS and OS were 11 months (95% Confidence interval [CI]: 7-28) and 31 months (95% CI: 13-47), respectively, while 9 (31%) patients survived beyond 5 years from diagnosis; a rate that compares very favorably with contemporaneous series. CONCLUSION Compared to historical data, neoadjuvant autophagy inhibition with HCQ plus gemcitabine is associated with encouraging long-term survival for patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mazen S. Zenati
- Department of Surgery, Epidemiology, Clinical and Translational ScienceUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Annissa Desilva
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Ibrahim Nassour
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Brian A. Boone
- Department of SurgeryWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWVUSA
| | - Aatur D. Singhi
- Department of PathologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | | | - Lance A. Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular MedicineGeorge Mason UniversityManassasVAUSA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular MedicineGeorge Mason UniversityManassasVAUSA
| | | | - Michael T. Lotze
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | | | - Herbert J. Zeh
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTXUSA
| | | | - Nathan Bahary
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPAUSA
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Magni R, Rruga F, Alsaab FM, Sharif S, Howard M, Espina V, Kim B, Lepene B, Lee G, Alayouni MA, Steinberg H, Araujo R, Kashanchi F, Riccardi F, Morreira S, Araujo A, Poli F, Jaganath D, Semitala FC, Worodria W, Andama A, Choudhary A, Honnen WJ, Petricoin EF, Cattamanchi A, Colombatti R, de Waard JH, Oberhelman R, Pinter A, Gilman RH, Liotta LA, Luchini A. Author Correction: Lipoarabinomannan antigenic epitope differences in tuberculosis disease subtypes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19546. [PMID: 34580341 PMCID: PMC8476616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Magni
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Fatlum Rruga
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.,Dipartimento Di Salute Della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fahad M Alsaab
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.,College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Sharif
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Marissa Howard
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Gwenyth Lee
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mohamad A Alayouni
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | | | - Robyn Araujo
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Fabio Riccardi
- Aid Health and Development Onlus, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Fernando Poli
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Devan Jaganath
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fred C Semitala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.,Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Worodria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.,Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alfred Andama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.,Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alok Choudhary
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - William J Honnen
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Adithya Cattamanchi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raffaella Colombatti
- Department of Women's and Child's Health, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.,One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Richard Oberhelman
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru.,Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.
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Cuellar AE, Adams LM, de Jonge L, Espina V, Espinoza L, Fischer SF, Frankenfeld CL, Hines DA, Kornienko O, Lawrence HY, Rana ZH, Ramezani N, Rossheim ME, Short JL, Waithaka EN, Wilson AN, Cheskin LJ. Protocol for the Mason: Health Starts Here prospective cohort study of young adult college students. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:897. [PMID: 33980206 PMCID: PMC8114021 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adulthood is a period of increasing independence for the 40% of young adults enrolled in U.S. colleges. Previous research indicates differences in how students' health behaviors develop and vary by gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. George Mason University is a state institution that enrolls a highly diverse student population, making it an ideal setting to launch a longitudinal cohort study using multiple research methods to evaluate the effects of health behaviors on physical and psychological functioning, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Mason: Health Starts Here was developed as a longitudinal cohort study of successive waves of first year students that aims to improve understanding of the natural history and determinants of young adults' physical health, mental health, and their role in college completion. The study recruits first year students who are 18 to 24 years old and able to read and understand English. All incoming first year students are recruited through various methods to participate in a longitudinal cohort for 4 years. Data collection occurs in fall and spring semesters, with online surveys conducted in both semesters and in-person clinic visits conducted in the fall. Students receive physical examinations during clinic visits and provide biospecimens (blood and saliva). CONCLUSIONS The study will produce new knowledge to help understand the development of health-related behaviors during young adulthood. A long-term goal of the cohort study is to support the design of effective, low-cost interventions to encourage young adults' consistent performance of healthful behaviors, improve their mental health, and improve academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Cuellar
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
| | - Leah M Adams
- Departments of Psychology, and of Women & Gender Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
| | - Lilian de Jonge
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Peterson Hall 4113, Fairfax, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
| | - Laurette Espinoza
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Peterson Hall 4113, Fairfax, USA
| | - Sarah F Fischer
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
| | - Cara L Frankenfeld
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
| | - Denise A Hines
- Department of Social Work, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
| | - Olga Kornienko
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
| | | | - Ziaul H Rana
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Peterson Hall 4113, Fairfax, USA
| | | | - Matthew E Rossheim
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
| | - Jerome L Short
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
| | - Eric N Waithaka
- Department of Social Work, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
| | - Alyssa N Wilson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Peterson Hall 4113, Fairfax, USA
| | - Lawrence J Cheskin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Peterson Hall 4113, Fairfax, USA.
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9
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Ghergurovich JM, Lang JD, Levin MK, Briones N, Facista SJ, Mueller C, Cowan AJ, McBride MJ, Rodriguez ESR, Killian A, Dao T, Lamont J, Barron A, Su X, Hendricks WPD, Espina V, Von Hoff DD, O'Shaughnessy J, Rabinowitz JD. Local production of lactate, ribose phosphate, and amino acids within human triple-negative breast cancer. Med (N Y) 2021; 2:736-754. [PMID: 34223403 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Upregulated glucose metabolism is a common feature of tumors. Glucose can be broken down by either glycolysis or the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP). The relative usage within tumors of these catabolic pathways remains unclear. Similarly, the extent to which tumors make biomass precursors from glucose, versus take them up from the circulation, is incompletely defined. Methods We explore human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) metabolism by isotope tracing with [1,2-13C]glucose, a tracer that differentiates glycolytic versus oxPPP catabolism and reveals glucose-driven anabolism. Patients enrolled in clinical trial NCT03457779 and received IV infusion of [1,2-13C]glucose during core biopsy of their primary TNBC. Tumor samples were analyzed for metabolite labeling by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Genomic and proteomic analyses were performed and related to observed metabolic fluxes. Findings TNBC ferments glucose to lactate, with glycolysis dominant over the oxPPP. Most ribose phosphate is nevertheless produced by oxPPP. Glucose also feeds amino acid synthesis, including of serine, glycine, aspartate, glutamate, proline and glutamine (but not asparagine). Downstream in glycolysis, tumor pyruvate and lactate labeling exceeds that found in serum, indicating that lactate exchange via monocarboxylic transporters is less prevalent in human TNBC compared with most normal tissues or non-small cell lung cancer. Conclusions Glucose directly feeds ribose phosphate, amino acid synthesis, lactate, and the TCA cycle locally within human breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Ghergurovich
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jessica D Lang
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Maren K Levin
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Natalia Briones
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Salvatore J Facista
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Alexis J Cowan
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Matthew J McBride
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Aaron Killian
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Tuoc Dao
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, US Oncology, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lamont
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, US Oncology, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Alison Barron
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, US Oncology, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - William P D Hendricks
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Joyce O'Shaughnessy
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, US Oncology, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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10
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Abbasi M, Fitzgerald S, Ayers-Ringler J, Espina V, Mueller C, Rucker S, Kadirvel R, Kallmes D, Brinjikji W. Proteomic Analysis of Cardioembolic and Large Artery Atherosclerotic Clots Using Reverse Phase Protein Array Technology Reveals Key Cellular Interactions Within Clot Microenvironments. Cureus 2021; 13:e13499. [PMID: 33777584 PMCID: PMC7990677 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombus characteristics are dependent on clot composition, but identification of the etiology based on histological analysis has proved inconclusive. Identification of proteomic signatures may help to differentiate between clots of different etiologies such as cardioembolic, large artery atherosclerotic, and other known etiologies, information that could enhance an individualized medicine approach to secondary stroke prevention. In this study, total protein extracts from cardioembolic (n=25) and large artery atherosclerotic (n=23) thrombus specimens were arrayed in quadruplicate on nitrocellulose slides and immunostained for 31 proteins using a Dako Autostainer (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, USA). We quantified 31 proteins involved in platelet and/or endothelial function, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism. Pathway analysis showed more heterogeneity and protein network interactions in the cardioembolic clots but no specific correlations with clot etiology. Reverse-phase protein arrays are a powerful tool for assessing cellular interactions within the clot microenvironment and may enhance understanding of clot formation and origination. This tool could be further explored to help in identifying stroke etiology in large vessel occlusion patients with embolic stroke of an undetermined source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Fitzgerald
- Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, IRL
| | | | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, USA
| | - Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, USA
| | - Sally Rucker
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, USA
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11
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O'Shaughnessy J, Rodriguez ESR, Ontiveros P, Wenstrup R, Pramparo T, Lang J, Zismann V, Briones N, Hendricks W, Espina V, Mueller C, Levin MK. Abstract PS11-25: Pilot trial of priming with oral TAK-228 and TAK-117 (PIKTOR) to increase DNA damage repair deficiency (DDRD) followed by cisplatin (cis) and nab paclitaxel (nab pac) in chemotherapy-pretreated metastatic triple negative breast cancer (metTNBC) pts. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs20-ps11-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A subset of TNBCs have homologous recombination deficiency with upregulation of compensatory DNA repair pathways. The combination of TAK-228 and TAK-117 (PIKTOR), investigational oral TORC1/2 and PI3Kα selective inhibitors, respectively, is hypothesized to increase genomic instability (GI) and to increase DDRD, leading to increased sensitivity to DNA damaging chemotherapy and to checkpoint inhibitors in metTNBC pts. METHODS: 10 metTNBC pts received 4 mg PO TAK-228 and 200 mg PO TAK-117 QDx3d QW until disease progression (PD), followed by cis 75 mg/m2 plus nab pac 220 mg/m2 for up to 6 cycles. Primary endpoints were objective response rate with cis/nab pac and safety. Blood samples and biopsies of metastatic lesions were collected prior to and at PD on PIKTOR. Blood CTC analyses included enumeration, cell morphology, phenotypic heterogeneity, and predicted genomic instability (pGI) derived from cell phenotypes. RESULTS: 10 pts received PIKTOR followed by cis/nab pac. Median age: 51 yrs; median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was 3 (range, 1-5); 7 pts had prior carboplatin; sites of metastases: lymph nodes (n=8); lung (n=6); chest wall (n=1); bone (n=1); brain (n=1). Median time on PIKTOR was 8 wks (range, 3-14). With cis/nab pac, 1 pt had PR, 2 had SD > 6 mos, 1 had SD and 6 had PD. 2 SD pts (sites LNs and bone) and 1 PD pt (sites LNs), all carboplatin-pretreated, whose pre-PIKTOR BCs were PDL1-negative (2 pts) or unknown (1 pt) have durable SD on pembrolizumab post-cis/nab pac for 1+ yrs. PIKTOR related AEs ≥30% included: fatigue (90%); nausea (80%); diarrhea (60%); vomiting (40%); stomatitis (40%); hyperglycemia (30%); rash (30%); cough (30%); chest pain (30%). Incidence and grade of cis/nab pac-related AEs were not greater than expected with this regimen. At PD on PIKTOR, higher CTC burden and pGI+ CTCs were observed in a subset of pts suggesting that some CTCs may have developed greater GI with PIKTOR treatment. Next generation sequencing (NGS) and reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analyses of biomarkers of DNA repair pathways pre-and post-PIKTOR tissues are underway and will be presented at the meeting. CONCLUSIONS: Priming pts’ metTNBC with PIKTOR did not lead to durable responses with cis/nab pac in most pts in this pretreated population. However, 3/10 pts who had carboplatin-pretreated disease in LNs +/- bone, have highly durable SD on pembrolizumab following PIKTOR therapy.
Citation Format: Joyce O'Shaughnessy, Esther San Roman Rodriguez, Priscilla Ontiveros, Rick Wenstrup, Tiziano Pramparo, Jessica Lang, Victoria Zismann, Natalia Briones, William Hendricks, Virginia Espina, Claudius Mueller, Maren K Levin. Pilot trial of priming with oral TAK-228 and TAK-117 (PIKTOR) to increase DNA damage repair deficiency (DDRD) followed by cisplatin (cis) and nab paclitaxel (nab pac) in chemotherapy-pretreated metastatic triple negative breast cancer (metTNBC) pts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS11-25.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Lang
- 4The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maren K Levin
- 2Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX
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12
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Dailing A, Mitchell K, Vuong N, Lee KH, Joshi R, Espina V, Haymond Still A, Gottschalk CJ, Brown AM, Paige M, Liotta LA, Luchini A. Characterization and Validation of Arg286 Residue of IL-1RAcP as a Potential Drug Target for Osteoarthritis. Front Chem 2021; 8:601477. [PMID: 33614593 PMCID: PMC7886681 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.601477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and the fastest growing cause of chronic disability in the world. Formation of the ternary IL-1β /IL-1R1/IL-1RAcP protein complex and its downstream signaling has been implicated in osteoarthritis pathology. Current OA therapeutic approaches target either the cytokine IL-1β or the primary receptor IL-1RI but do not exploit the potential of the secondary receptor IL-1RAcP. Our previous work implicated the Arg286 residue of IL-1RAcP as a key mediator of complex formation. Molecular modeling confirmed Arg286 as a high-energy mediator of the ternary IL-1β complex architecture and interaction network. Anti-IL-1RAcP monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting the Arg286 residue were created and were shown to effectively reduce the influx of inflammatory cells to damaged joints in a mouse model of osteoarthritis. Inhibitory peptides based on the native sequence of IL-1RAcP were prepared and examined for efficacy at disrupting the complex formation. The most potent peptide inhibitor had an IC50 value of 304 pM in a pull-down model of complex formation, and reduced IL-1β signaling in a cell model by 90% at 2 μM. Overall, therapies that target the Arg286 region surface of IL-1RAcP, and disrupt subsequent interactions with subunits, have the potential to serve as next generation treatments for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dailing
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Kelsey Mitchell
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Ngoc Vuong
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Kyung Hyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Reva Joshi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Amanda Haymond Still
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | | | - Anne M. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Research and Informatics, University Libraries Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Lance A. Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
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13
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Magni R, Almofee R, Yusuf S, Mueller C, Vuong N, Almosuli M, Hoang MT, Meade K, Sethi I, Mohammed N, Araujo R, McDonald TK, Marcelli P, Espina V, Kim B, Garritsen A, Green C, Russo P, Zhou W, Vaisman I, Petricoin EF, Hoadley D, Molestina RE, McIntyre H, Liotta LA, Luchini A. Evaluation of pathogen specific urinary peptides in tick-borne illnesses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19340. [PMID: 33168903 PMCID: PMC7653918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry enhanced by nanotechnology can achieve previously unattainable sensitivity for characterizing urinary pathogen-derived peptides. We utilized mass spectrometry enhanced by affinity hydrogel particles (analytical sensitivity = 2.5 pg/mL) to study tick pathogen-specific proteins shed in the urine of patients with (1) erythema migrans rash and acute symptoms, (2) post treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS), and (3) clinical suspicion of tick-borne illnesses (TBI). Targeted pathogens were Borrelia, Babesia, Anaplasma, Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Bartonella, Francisella, Powassan virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Colorado tick fever virus. Specificity was defined by 100% amino acid sequence identity with tick-borne pathogen proteins, evolutionary taxonomic verification for related pathogens, and no identity with human or other organisms. Using a cut off of two pathogen peptides, 9/10 acute Lyme Borreliosis patients resulted positive, while we identified zero false positive in 250 controls. Two or more pathogen peptides were identified in 40% of samples from PTLDS and TBI patients (categories 2 and 3 above, n = 59/148). Collectively, 279 distinct unique tick-borne pathogen derived peptides were identified. The number of pathogen specific peptides was directly correlated with presence or absence of symptoms reported by patients (ordinal regression pseudo-R2 = 0.392, p = 0.010). Enhanced mass spectrometry is a new tool for studying tick-borne pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Magni
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Raghad Almofee
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Sameen Yusuf
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Ngoc Vuong
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Mahmood Almosuli
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Minh Thu Hoang
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Katherine Meade
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Ish Sethi
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Nuha Mohammed
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Robyn Araujo
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Teresa Kaza McDonald
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Paul Marcelli
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul Russo
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Iosif Vaisman
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Deborah Hoadley
- New England Institute for Lyme Disease and Tick-Borne Illness, Longmeadow, USA
| | | | | | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
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14
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Collins DM, Madden SF, Gaynor N, AlSultan D, Le Gal M, Eustace AJ, Gately KA, Hughes C, Davies AM, Mahgoub T, Ballot J, Toomey S, O'Connor DP, Gallagher WM, Holmes FA, Espina V, Liotta L, Hennessy BT, O'Byrne KJ, Hasmann M, Bossenmaier B, O'Donovan N, Crown J. Effects of HER Family-targeting Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity in HER2-expressing Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:807-818. [PMID: 33122343 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is one mechanism of action of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies trastuzumab and pertuzumab. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), like lapatinib, may have added therapeutic value in combination with mAbs through enhanced ADCC activity. Using clinical data, we examined the impact of lapatinib on HER2/EGFR expression levels and natural killer (NK) cell gene signatures. We investigated the ability of three TKIs (lapatinib, afatinib, and neratinib) to alter HER2/immune-related protein levels in preclinical models of HER2-positive (HER2+) and HER2-low breast cancer, and the subsequent effects on trastuzumab/pertuzumab-mediated ADCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Preclinical studies (proliferation assays, Western blotting, high content analysis, and flow cytometry) employed HER2+ (SKBR3 and HCC1954) and HER2-low (MCF-7, T47D, CAMA-1, and CAL-51) breast cancer cell lines. NCT00524303 provided reverse phase protein array-determined protein levels of HER2/pHER2/EGFR/pEGFR. RNA-based NK cell gene signatures (CIBERSORT/MCP-counter) post-neoadjuvant anti-HER2 therapy were assessed (NCT00769470/NCT01485926). ADCC assays utilized flow cytometry-based protocols. RESULTS Lapatinib significantly increased membrane HER2 levels, while afatinib and neratinib significantly decreased levels in all preclinical models. Single-agent lapatinib increased HER2 or EGFR levels in 10 of 11 (91%) tumor samples. NK cell signatures increased posttherapy (P = 0.03) and associated with trastuzumab response (P = 0.01). TKI treatment altered mAb-induced NK cell-mediated ADCC in vitro, but it did not consistently correlate with HER2 expression in HER2+ or HER2-low models. The ADCC response to trastuzumab and pertuzumab combined did not exceed either mAb alone. CONCLUSIONS TKIs differentially alter tumor cell phenotype which can impact NK cell-mediated response to coadministered antibody therapies. mAb-induced ADCC response is relevant when rationalizing combinations for clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis M Collins
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland.
| | - Stephen F Madden
- RCSI Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola Gaynor
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Dalal AlSultan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland.,RCSI Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marion Le Gal
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Alex J Eustace
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Kathy A Gately
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare Hughes
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony M Davies
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thamir Mahgoub
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Jo Ballot
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Toomey
- RCSI Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education & Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darran P O'Connor
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frankie A Holmes
- Texas Oncology-Memorial Hermann Memorial City, US Oncology Research, Houston, -Texas
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Bryan T Hennessy
- RCSI Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education & Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute and Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Max Hasmann
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Norma O'Donovan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Mohammed SI, Torres-Luquis O, Zhou W, Lanman NA, Espina V, Liotta L. Tumor-Draining Lymph Secretome En Route to the Regional Lymph Node in Breast Cancer Metastasis. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press) 2020; 12:57-67. [PMID: 32273752 PMCID: PMC7104086 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s236168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During metastasis, tumor cells metastasize from primary tumors to distant organs via the circulatory and the lymphatic systems. There is a plethora of information about metastasis through the circulatory system, however not much information is available about the tumor cells dissemination through the lymphatic system or the lymphatic microenvironment that aids in this process in breast cancer metastasis. PURPOSE The study designed to examine the tumor-derived secretome in lymph before reaching the draining lymph nodes. METHODS Using a microsurgical technique, we have collected the lymph in transit from the primary tumor en route to the regional lymph node in animals with metastatic and non-metastatic mammary carcinoma and healthy controls. The lymph samples were subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis, bioinformatics, and pathway analysis. RESULTS The metastatic tumor-draining lymph before its entry into the closest regional lymph node contain 26 proteins with >175-folds in abundance compared to lymph from non-metastatic tumor-bearing animals. Among these proteins were biliverdin reductase B, heat shock protein, coagulation factor XIII, lymphocytes cytosol protein 1, and aldose reductase. These proteins were not identified in the lymph from healthy animals. Pathways analysis revealed that cadherin-mediated endocytosis, acute phase response, junction signaling, gap junction, VEGF singling, and PI3K/AKT singling pathways are overrepresented in the lymph from metastatic tumor-bearing compared to the lymph from non-metastatic tumor-bearing animals. Among the significantly up-regulated proteins in the lymph from metastatic tumor-bearing animals were proteins that identified in exosomes include heat shock protein, enolase 1 alpha, S100, and biliverdin reductase B. One of the proteins significantly down-regulated in lymph from animals with metastasis is Kininogen, a known metastasis inhibitor protein. CONCLUSION Proteins and exosomal proteins in lymph draining a metastatic tumor are different from those in lymph draining non-metastatic tumors, and these proteins involved in pathways that regulate tumor cells migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907, USA
| | - Odalys Torres-Luquis
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907, USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA20110, USA
| | - Nadia Attalah Lanman
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA20110, USA
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA20110, USA
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Zeh HJ, Bahary N, Boone BA, Singhi AD, Miller-Ocuin JL, Normolle DP, Zureikat AH, Hogg ME, Bartlett DL, Lee KK, Tsung A, Marsh JW, Murthy P, Tang D, Seiser N, Amaravadi RK, Espina V, Liotta L, Lotze MT. A Randomized Phase II Preoperative Study of Autophagy Inhibition with High-Dose Hydroxychloroquine and Gemcitabine/Nab-Paclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3126-3134. [PMID: 32156749 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesized that autophagy inhibition would increase response to chemotherapy in the preoperative setting for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We performed a randomized controlled trial to assess the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine in combination with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants with potentially resectable tumors were randomized to two cycles of nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine (PG) alone or with hydroxychloroquine (PGH), followed by resection. The primary endpoint was histopathologic response in the resected specimen. Secondary clinical endpoints included serum CA 19-9 biomarker response and margin negative R0 resection. Exploratory endpoints included markers of autophagy, immune infiltrate, and serum cytokines. RESULTS Thirty-four patients in the PGH arm and 30 in the PG arm were evaluable for the primary endpoint. The PGH arm demonstrated statistically improved Evans grade histopathologic responses (P = 0.00016), compared with control. In patients with elevated CA 19-9, a return to normal was associated with improved overall and recurrence-free survival (P < 0.0001). There were no differences in serious adverse events between arms and chemotherapy dose number was equivalent. The PGH arm had greater evidence of autophagy inhibition in their resected specimens (increased SQSTM1, P = 0.027, as well as increased immune cell tumor infiltration, P = 0.033). Overall survival (P = 0.59) and relapse-free survival (P = 0.55) did not differ between the two arms. CONCLUSIONS The addition of hydroxychloroquine to preoperative gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy in patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma resulted in greater pathologic tumor response, improved serum biomarker response, and evidence of autophagy inhibition and immune activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan Bahary
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Brian A Boone
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Daniel P Normolle
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amer H Zureikat
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Melissa E Hogg
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenneth K Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - J Wallis Marsh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pranav Murthy
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Natalie Seiser
- HPB and Transplant Institute at St. Vincent's Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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17
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Ghergurovich JM, O’Shaughnessy J, Levin MK, Killian A, Hendricks W, Espina V, Rabinowitz JD. Abstract P3-02-06: Tracing glucose catabolism in human triple negative breast cancer tumors. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs19-p3-02-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive tumor type for which few targeted treatments exist. Altered tumor metabolism may provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. Recent genetic analyses in TNBC demonstrate augmented expression of pathways related to glucose metabolism, including glycolysis, the pentose phosphate (PPP), and serine biosynthetic pathways. No studies, however, have directly probed how glucose is utilized by TNBCs in vivo. Here, we trace these metabolic fates by infusing TNBC patients with isotopically labeled 1,2-13C-glucose, a tracer that can determine which of these pathways predominate. Upon achieving stable tracer enrichment in serum, patient primary TNBC biopsies were collected and flash frozen. Subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) revealed most TNBC tumors locally ferment glucose to lactate, with limited exchange of pyruvate/lactate with the systemic circulation. This contrasts with lung cancer, where pyruvate/lactate exchange is extensive. In addition, isotopic labeling patterns indicate that glycolysis dominates the PPP in terms of total flux. Nevertheless, ribose-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis consistently arises from the oxidative branch of the PPP. Furthermore, a subset of patients demonstrated high levels of de novo serine production. To better understand these observations, next generation sequencing (NGS) and reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analyses on adjacent biopsies from these patients are underway. Together, these findings provide the first comprehensive in vivo characterization of glucose metabolism in TNBC and raise the potential to use tracing to guide development of metabolic therapeutics.
Citation Format: Jonathan Michael Ghergurovich, Joyce O’Shaughnessy, Maren K Levin, Aaron Killian, William Hendricks, Virginia Espina, Joshua D Rabinowitz. Tracing glucose catabolism in human triple negative breast cancer tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-02-06.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maren K Levin
- 3Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX
| | - Aaron Killian
- 3Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX
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18
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Holmes FA, Levin MK, Cao Y, Balasubramanian S, Ross JS, Krekow L, McIntyre K, Osborne C, Espina V, Liotta L, O’Shaughnessy J. Comutation of PIK3CA and TP53 in Residual Disease After Preoperative Anti-HER2 Therapy in ERBB2 (HER2)-Amplified Early Breast Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:1-26. [DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify proteomic and genomic alterations in residual disease (RD) for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC) after preoperative trastuzumab (H), lapatinib (L), or both (H+L) in combination with chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage II/III HER2+ BC (n = 100) were randomly assigned to preoperative treatment with H versus L 1,250mg versus H+L (L: 750 to 1,000 mg) plus 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide, followed by weekly paclitaxel. After receiving institutional review board–approved informed consent, targeted next-generation sequencing was performed on 20 patients’ formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumors to characterize genomic alterations across 287 cancer-related genes. Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis was performed on both the baseline biopsy and RD specimens, when available. RESULTS Two of 20 RD tissues were HER2 negative per next-generation sequencing; one sample had insufficient tissue. Of six pretreatment biopsy specimens, four were comutated with TP53 and PIK3CA. Of 17 HER2+ RD, seven specimens (41%) had PIK3CA mutations always comutated with TP53, and four (24%) also had concurrent CDK12 amplification. Overall, CDK12 amplification was observed in eight of the 17 (47%) HER2+ RD specimens. A total of 12 RD specimens (71%) had TP53 mutations. Although prevalence of individual TP53 and PIK3CA mutations was only modestly higher than published estimates for those in HER2+ primary BCs (55% and 32% for TP53 and PIK3CA, respectively), prevalence of these as comutations appeared higher (41%), compared with less than 10% in several series. On RPPA analysis of the RD tissue with comutations, the strongest Spearman ρ correlations were limited to EGFR and phospho-AKT (ρ, 0.999; P = .019) and phospho-mTOR and phospho-S6 ribosomal protein (ρ, 0.994; P = .048). CONCLUSION HER2-amplified RD tissue after preoperative H, L, or H+L plus chemotherapy was enriched for PIK3CA and TP53 comutations, and the RD tissue demonstrated activation of EGFR/AKT/mTOR signaling on RPPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankie Ann Holmes
- Texas Oncology, Houston, TX
- US Oncology McKesson Specialty Health, The Woodlands, TX
| | | | - Ying Cao
- Valley Medical Oncology Consultants, Pleasanton, CA
| | | | - Jeffrey S. Ross
- Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lea Krekow
- US Oncology McKesson Specialty Health, The Woodlands, TX
- Texas Oncology, Bedford, TX
| | - Kristi McIntyre
- US Oncology McKesson Specialty Health, The Woodlands, TX
- Texas Oncology, Dallas, TX
| | - Cynthia Osborne
- US Oncology McKesson Specialty Health, The Woodlands, TX
- Texas Oncology, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | - Joyce O’Shaughnessy
- US Oncology McKesson Specialty Health, The Woodlands, TX
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Texas Oncology, Dallas, TX
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19
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Davis JB, Krishna SS, Abi Jomaa R, Duong CT, Espina V, Liotta LA, Mueller C. A new model isolates glioblastoma clonal interactions and reveals unexpected modes for regulating motility, proliferation, and drug resistance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17380. [PMID: 31758030 PMCID: PMC6874607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor clonal heterogeneity drives treatment resistance. But robust models are lacking that permit eavesdropping on the basic interaction network of tumor clones. We developed an in vitro, functional model of clonal cooperation using U87MG glioblastoma cells, which isolates fundamental clonal interactions. In this model pre-labeled clones are co-cultured to track changes in their individual motility, growth, and drug resistance behavior while mixed. This highly reproducible system allowed us to address a new class of fundamental questions about clonal interactions. We demonstrate that (i) a single clone can switch off the motility of the entire multiclonal U87MG cell line in 3D culture, (ii) maintenance of clonal heterogeneity is an intrinsic and influential cancer cell property, where clones coordinate growth rates to protect slow growing clones, and (iii) two drug sensitive clones can develop resistance de novo when cooperating. Furthermore, clonal communication for these specific types of interaction did not require diffusible factors, but appears to depend on cell-cell contact. This model constitutes a straightforward but highly reliable tool for isolating the complex clonal interactions that make up the fundamental "hive mind" of the tumor. It uniquely exposes clonal interactions for future pharmacological and biochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Davis
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Sreshta S Krishna
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Ryan Abi Jomaa
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Cindy T Duong
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
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Abstract
Introduction: Signal transduction cascades drive cellular proliferation, apoptosis, immune, and survival pathways. Proteins have emerged as actionable drug targets because they are often dysregulated in cancer, due to underlying genetic mutations, or dysregulated signaling pathways. Cancer drug development relies on proteomic technologies to identify potential biomarkers, mechanisms-of-action, and to identify protein binding hot spots. Areas covered: Brief summaries of proteomic technologies for drug discovery include mass spectrometry, reverse phase protein arrays, chemoproteomics, and fragment based screening. Protein-protein interface mapping is presented as a promising method for peptide therapeutic development. The topic of biosimilar therapeutics is presented as an opportunity to apply proteomic technologies to this new class of cancer drug. Expert opinion: Proteomic technologies are indispensable for drug discovery. A suite of technologies including mass spectrometry, reverse phase protein arrays, and protein-protein interaction mapping provide complimentary information for drug development. These assays have matured into well controlled, robust technologies. Recent regulatory approval of biosimilar therapeutics provides another opportunity to decipher the molecular nuances of their unique mechanisms of action. The ability to identify previously hidden protein hot spots is expanding the gamut of potential drug targets. Proteomic profiling permits lead compound evaluation beyond the one drug, one target paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Haymond
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Justin B Davis
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
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21
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Mueller C, Gambarotti M, Benini S, Picci P, Righi A, Stevanin M, Hombach-Klonisch S, Henderson D, Liotta L, Espina V. Unlocking bone for proteomic analysis and FISH. J Transl Med 2019; 99:708-721. [PMID: 30659273 PMCID: PMC10752433 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue is critically lagging behind soft tissues and biofluids in our effort to advance precision medicine. The main challenges have been accessibility and the requirement for deleterious decalcification processes that impact the fidelity of diagnostic histomorphology and hinder downstream analyses such as fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). We have developed an alternative fixation chemistry that simultaneously fixes and decalcifies bone tissue. We compared tissue morphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), cell signal phosphoprotein analysis, and FISH in 50 patient matched primary bone cancer cases that were either formalin fixed and decalcified, or theralin fixed with and without decalcification. Use of theralin improved tissue histomorphology, whereas overall IHC was comparable to formalin fixed, decalcified samples. Theralin-fixed samples showed a significant increase in protein and DNA extractability, supporting technologies such as laser-capture microdissection and reverse phase protein microarrays. Formalin-fixed bone samples suffered from a fixation artifact where protein quantification of β-actin directly correlated with fixation time. Theralin-fixed samples were not affected by this artifact. Moreover, theralin fixation enabled standard FISH staining in bone cancer samples, whereas no FISH staining was observed in formalin-fixed samples. We conclude that the use of theralin fixation unlocks the molecular archive within bone tissue allowing bone to enter the standard tissue analysis pipeline. This will have significant implications for bone cancer patients, in whom personalized medicine has yet to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Marco Gambarotti
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Benini
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Righi
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Stevanin
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Dana Henderson
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
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22
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Espina V, Mueller C. Solid Pin Protein Array Printing Platforms. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2019; 1188:61-75. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9755-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Mendonça Gorgulho C, Murthy P, Liotta L, Espina V, Lotze MT. Different measures of HMGB1 location in cancer immunology. Methods Enzymol 2019; 629:195-217. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Eustace AJ, Conlon NT, McDermott MSJ, Browne BC, O'Leary P, Holmes FA, Espina V, Liotta LA, O'Shaughnessy J, Gallagher C, O'Driscoll L, Rani S, Madden SF, O'Brien NA, Ginther C, Slamon D, Walsh N, Gallagher WM, Zagozdzon R, Watson WR, O'Donovan N, Crown J. Development of acquired resistance to lapatinib may sensitise HER2-positive breast cancer cells to apoptosis induction by obatoclax and TRAIL. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:965. [PMID: 30305055 PMCID: PMC6180577 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lapatinib has clinical efficacy in the treatment of trastuzumab-refractory HER2-positive breast cancer. However, a significant proportion of patients develop progressive disease due to acquired resistance to the drug. Induction of apoptotic cell death is a key mechanism of action of lapatinib in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Methods We examined alterations in regulation of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in cell line models of acquired lapatinib resistance both in vitro and in patient samples from the NCT01485926 clinical trial, and investigated potential strategies to exploit alterations in apoptosis signalling to overcome lapatinib resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer. Results In this study, we examined two cell lines models of acquired lapatinib resistance (SKBR3-L and HCC1954-L) and showed that lapatinib does not induce apoptosis in these cells. We identified alterations in members of the BCL-2 family of proteins, in particular MCL-1 and BAX, which may play a role in resistance to lapatinib. We tested the therapeutic inhibitor obatoclax, which targets MCL-1. Both SKBR3-L and HCC1954-L cells showed greater sensitivity to obatoclax-induced apoptosis than parental cells. Interestingly, we also found that the development of acquired resistance to lapatinib resulted in acquired sensitivity to TRAIL in SKBR3-L cells. Sensitivity to TRAIL in the SKBR3-L cells was associated with reduced phosphorylation of AKT, increased expression of FOXO3a and decreased expression of c-FLIP. In SKBR3-L cells, TRAIL treatment caused activation of caspase 8, caspase 9 and caspase 3/7. In a second resistant model, HCC1954-L cells, p-AKT levels were not decreased and these cells did not show enhanced sensitivity to TRAIL. Furthermore, combining obatoclax with TRAIL improved response in SKBR3-L cells but not in HCC1954-L cells. Conclusions Our findings highlight the possibility of targeting altered apoptotic signalling to overcome acquired lapatinib resistance, and identify potential novel treatment strategies, with potential biomarkers, for HER2-positive breast cancer that is resistant to HER2 targeted therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4852-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Eustace
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Neil T Conlon
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martina S J McDermott
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brigid C Browne
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick O'Leary
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frankie A Holmes
- Texas Oncology-Memorial Hermann Memorial City, US Oncology Research, 925 Gessner Road #550, Houston, TX, 77024-2546, USA
| | | | | | | | - Clair Gallagher
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sweta Rani
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen F Madden
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neil A O'Brien
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Charles Ginther
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Dennis Slamon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Naomi Walsh
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Radoslaw Zagozdzon
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka, 59, Warsaw, Poland
| | - William R Watson
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Norma O'Donovan
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Bell TM, Espina V, Lundberg L, Pinkham C, Brahms A, Carey BD, Lin SC, Dahal B, Woodson C, de la Fuente C, Liotta LA, Bailey CL, Kehn-Hall K. Combination Kinase Inhibitor Treatment Suppresses Rift Valley Fever Virus Replication. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040191. [PMID: 29652799 PMCID: PMC5923485 DOI: 10.3390/v10040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses must parasitize host cell translational machinery in order to make proteins for viral progeny. In this study, we sought to use this signal transduction conduit against them by inhibiting multiple kinases that influence translation. Previous work indicated that several kinases involved in translation, including p70 S6K, p90RSK, ERK, and p38 MAPK, are phosphorylated following Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infection. Furthermore, inhibiting p70 S6K through treatment with the FDA approved drug rapamycin prevents RVFV pathogenesis in a mouse model of infection. We hypothesized that inhibiting either p70 S6K, p90RSK, or p90RSK’s upstream kinases, ERK and p38 MAPK, would decrease translation and subsequent viral replication. Treatment with the p70 S6K inhibitor PF-4708671 resulted in decreased phosphorylation of translational proteins and reduced RVFV titers. In contrast, treatment with the p90RSK inhibitor BI-D1870, p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580, or the ERK inhibitor PD0325901 alone had minimal influence on RVFV titers. The combination of PF-4708671 and BI-D1870 treatment resulted in robust inhibition of RVFV replication. Likewise, a synergistic inhibition of RVFV replication was observed with p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or the ERK inhibitor PD0325901 combined with rapamycin treatment. These findings serve as a proof of concept regarding combination kinase inhibitor treatment for RVFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Bell
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Lindsay Lundberg
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Chelsea Pinkham
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Ashwini Brahms
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Brian D Carey
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Shih-Chao Lin
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Bibha Dahal
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Caitlin Woodson
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Cynthia de la Fuente
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Charles L Bailey
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
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Fitzgerald S, Espina V, Liotta L, Sheehan KM, O'Grady A, Cummins R, O'Kennedy R, Kay EW, Kijanka GS. Stromal TRIM28-associated signaling pathway modulation within the colorectal cancer microenvironment. J Transl Med 2018; 16:89. [PMID: 29631612 PMCID: PMC5891886 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromal gene expression patterns predict patient outcomes in colorectal cancer. TRIM28 is a transcriptional co-repressor that regulates an abundance of genes through the KRAB domain family of transcription factors. We have previously shown that stromal expression of TRIM28 is a marker of disease relapse and poor survival in colorectal cancer. Here, we perform differential epithelium-stroma proteomic network analyses to characterize signaling pathways associated with TRIM28 within the tumor microenvironment. METHODS Reverse phase protein arrays were generated from laser capture micro-dissected carcinoma and stromal cells from fresh frozen colorectal cancer tissues. Phosphorylation and total protein levels were measured for 30 cancer-related signaling pathway endpoints. Strength and direction of associations between signaling endpoints were identified using Spearman's rank-order correlation analysis and compared to TRIM28 levels. Expression status of TRIM28 in tumor epithelium and stromal fibroblasts was assessed using IHC in formalin fixed tissue and the epithelium to stroma protein expression ratio method. RESULTS We found distinct proteomic networks in the epithelial and stromal compartments which were linked to expression levels of TRIM28. Low levels of TRIM28 in tumor stroma (high epithelium: stroma ratio) were found in 10 out of 19 cases. Upon proteomic network analyses, these stromal high ratio cases revealed moderate signaling pathway similarity exemplified by 76 significant Spearman correlations (ρ ≥ 0.75, p ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, low levels of stromal TRIM28 correlated with elevated MDM2 levels in tumor epithelium (p = 0.01) and COX-2 levels in tumor stroma (p = 0.002). Low TRIM28 epithelium to stroma ratios were associated with elevated levels of caspases 3 and 7 in stroma (p = 0.041 and p = 0.036) and an increased signaling pathway similarity in stromal cells with 81 significant Spearman correlations (ρ ≥ 0.75, p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS By dissecting TRIM28-associated pathways in stromal fibroblasts and epithelial tumor cells, we performed comprehensive proteomic analyses of molecular networks within the tumor microenvironment. We found modulation of several signaling pathways associated with TRIM28, which may be attributed to the pleiotropic properties of TRIM28 through its translational suppression of the family of KRAB domain transcription factors in tumor stromal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán Fitzgerald
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Katherine M Sheehan
- Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Anthony O'Grady
- Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Robert Cummins
- Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Research Complex, Hamid Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Elaine W Kay
- Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Gregor S Kijanka
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland. .,Translational Research Institute, Immune Profiling and Cancer Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, 37 Kent St., Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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Abstract
Generating molecular information in a clinically relevant time frame is the first hurdle to truly integrating precision medicine in health care. Reverse phase protein microarrays are being utilized in clinical trials for quantifying posttranslationally modified signal transduction proteins and cellular signaling pathways, allowing direct comparison of the activation state of proteins from multiple specimens, or individual patient specimens, within the same array. This technology provides diagnostic and therapeutic information critical to precision medicine. To enhance accessibility of this technology, two hurdles must be overcome: data normalization and data acquisition. Herein we describe an unamplified, dual-color signal detection methodology for reverse phase protein microarrays that allows multiplex, within spot data normalization, reduces data acquisition time, simplifies automated spot detection, and provides a stable signal output. This method utilizes Quantum Nanocrystal fluorophore labels (Qdot) substituted for organic fluorophores coupled with an imager (ArrayCAM) that captures images of the microarray rather than sequentially scanning the array. Streamlining and standardizing the data analysis steps with ArrayCAM high-resolution, dual mode chromogenic/fluorescent array imaging overcomes the data acquisition hurdle. The spot location and analysis algorithm provides certain parameter settings that can be tailored to the particular microarray type (fluorescent vs. colorimetric), resulting in greater than 99 % spot location sensitivity. The described method demonstrates equivalent sensitivity for a non-amplified Qdot immunoassay when using automated vs. manual immunostaining procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Yeon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Life Science Lab Building, MS1A9, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | | | | | - Grace Lawrence
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Life Science Lab Building, MS1A9, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Michael Harpole
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Life Science Lab Building, MS1A9, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Life Science Lab Building, MS1A9, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer subtypes are currently defined by a combination of morphologic, genomic, and proteomic characteristics. These subtypes provide a molecular portrait of the tumor that aids diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment escalation/de-escalation options. Gene expression signatures describing intrinsic breast cancer subtypes for predicting risk of recurrence have been rapidly adopted in the clinic. Despite the use of subtype classifications, many patients develop drug resistance, breast cancer recurrence, or therapy failure. Areas covered: This review provides a summary of immunohistochemistry, reverse phase protein array, mass spectrometry, and integrative studies that are revealing differences in biological functions within and between breast cancer subtypes. We conclude with a discussion of rigor and reproducibility for proteomic-based biomarker discovery. Expert commentary: Innovations in proteomics, including implementation of assay guidelines and standards, are facilitating refinement of breast cancer subtypes. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic information distinguish biologically functional subtypes, are predictive of recurrence, and indicate likelihood of drug resistance. Actionable, activated signal transduction pathways can now be quantified and characterized. Proteomic biomarker validation in large, well-designed studies should become a public health priority to capitalize on the wealth of information gleaned from the proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Mueller
- a Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Amanda Haymond
- a Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Justin B Davis
- a Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Alexa Williams
- a Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- a Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urine is a highly desirable biospecimen for biomarker analysis because it can be collected recurrently by non-invasive techniques, in relatively large volumes. Urine contains cellular elements, biochemicals, and proteins derived from glomerular filtration of plasma, renal tubule excretion, and urogenital tract secretions that reflect, at a given time point, an individual's metabolic and pathophysiologic state. AREAS COVERED High-resolution mass spectrometry, coupled with state of the art fractionation systems are revealing the plethora of diagnostic/prognostic proteomic information existing within urinary exosomes, glycoproteins, and proteins. Affinity capture pre-processing techniques such as combinatorial peptide ligand libraries and biomarker harvesting hydrogel nanoparticles are enabling measurement/identification of previously undetectable urinary proteins. Expert commentary: Future challenges in the urinary proteomics field include a) defining either single or multiple, universally applicable data normalization methods for comparing results within and between individual patients/data sets, and b) defining expected urinary protein levels in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Harpole
- a Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Justin Davis
- b Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- a Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
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Sassi N, Mattarei A, Espina V, Liotta L, Zoratti M, Paradisi C, Biasutto L. Potential anti-cancer activity of 7- O -pentyl quercetin: Efficient, membrane-targeted kinase inhibition and pro-oxidant effect. Pharmacol Res 2017; 124:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Teunis AL, Popova TG, Espina V, Liotta LA, Popov SG. Immune-modulating Activity of Hydrogel Microparticles Contributes to the Host Defense in a Murine Model of Cutaneous Anthrax. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:62. [PMID: 28894739 PMCID: PMC5581330 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the open-mesh (0.7 μ) polyacrylamide microparticles (MPs) with internally-coupled Cibacron affinity dye demonstrate protective effect in mice challenged into footpads with high doses (200 LD50) of anthrax (Sterne) spores. A single injection of MPs before spore challenge reduces inflammatory response, delays onset of mortality and promotes survival. In this study, we show that the effect of MPs was substantially increased at the lower spore dose (7 LD50). The inflammation of footpads was reduced to the background level, and 60% of animals survived for 16 days while all untreated infected animals died within 6 days with strong inflammation. The effects of MPs were promoted when the MPs were loaded with a combination of neutrophil-attracting chemokines IL-8 and MIP-1α which delayed the onset of mortality in comparison with untreated mice for additional 8 days. The MPs were not inherently cytotoxic against the bacteria or cultured murine Raw 264.7 cells, but stimulated these cells to release G-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and TNF-α. Consistent with this finding the injection of MPs induced neutrophil influx into footpads, stimulated production of TNF-α associated with migration of pERK1/2-positive cells with the Langerhans phenotype from epidermis to regional lymph nodes. Our data support the mechanism of protection in which the immune defense induced by MPs along with the exogenous chemokines counterbalances the suppressive effect caused by anthrax infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Teunis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason UniversityManassas, VA, United States
| | - Taissia G Popova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason UniversityManassas, VA, United States
| | - Virginia Espina
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason UniversityManassas, VA, United States
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason UniversityManassas, VA, United States
| | - Serguei G Popov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason UniversityManassas, VA, United States
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Luchini A, Paris L, Espina V, Mitchell K, Dailing A, Liotta LA. Abstract 211: Protein painting identifies PD-1: PDL-1 therapeutic targets at protein-protein interfaces. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The next generation of molecular cancer therapeutics will target pivotal protein-protein interaction interfaces participating in immune cell receptor signaling, oncogenes, and suppressor genes. We have created a wholly novel, technology “protein painting” for the rapid direct sequencing of hidden native protein-protein interaction hot spots. Our technology, employs previously unexplored small molecule (12 Å) aryl hydrocarbon dyes or “paints” to cut out, and MS sequence, only the hidden unmodified contact interfaces between two or more interacting native proteins.
Novel Technology: Paint chemistries have extremely high affinities (rapid on-rates, and very slow off-rates that are ten to 100 times higher than most protein-protein interactions). When mixed with a native pre-formed protein complex for only 5 minutes at physiologic pH and salinity, the paints non-covalently coat all external sites on the protein without altering the 3D conformation of the complex, but cannot gain access to the solvent inaccessible hidden protein-protein interaction domains. Each paint molecule spans less than 3 amino acids, and has high affinity for protease cleavage consensus sites. Following painting, the proteins are dissociated. This leaves the paint molecules coating surfaces not participating in the interface. Following dissociation, the proteins are linearized, digested with trypsin, and sequenced by standard MS. The paint molecules remain non-covalently bound after the proteins are denatured. Trypsin will not cleave the regions of the protein that are “painted”. Following proteolysis peptides emerging from MS will be generated exclusively from the unmodified opposing points where the proteins were in intimate contact.
Results: Protein Painting identified hot spot domains between PD-L1:PD-1, including two surface interface regions that are separated in the linear sequence but adjacent in the 3D structure. We created novel cyclized multivalent inhibitors that block both sides of the PD-L1:PD-1 interface and markedly suppress cell-cell coupling and abolished downstream signaling through this complex in cultured tumor cell immune cell interactions. A very high correlation (p<0.0003) was found for known contact points predicted by crystal structure, with a 97% specificity for true positive hot spots: 95% agreement with Robetta prediction software for known complexes. Protein painting outperforms (425%) hydrogen deuterium exchange and cross linking for number of positive hits and % true positive hits.
Conclusions: Protein painting is a new tool to identify highly specific drug targets located within protein interaction interfaces, yielding inhibitors that abolish protein signaling relevant to cancer immunotherapy.
Citation Format: Alessandra Luchini, Luisa Paris, Virginia Espina, Kelsey Mitchell, Angela Dailing, Lance A. Liotta. Protein painting identifies PD-1: PDL-1 therapeutic targets at protein-protein interfaces [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 211. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-211
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Romano A, Cremasco F, Chiechi A, Paradiso F, Milan E, Fontana F, Manteiga JM, Raimondo FD, Spira AI, Meter AV, Petricoin EC, Espina V, Liotta LA, Cenci S. Abstract 5413: Multiplexed phosphoprotein cell signaling analysis in multiple myeloma reveals a pro-survival pathway elicited by amino-acid starvation. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Substantial advances in our understanding of the biology of the incurable plasma cell (PC) malignancy multiple myeloma (MM) came from the study of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment (BMME). Our previous work disclosed an essential role for autophagy in sustaining MM cell proliferation and survival. However, the control exerted on PC autophagy by the BMME and its pathophysiological significance are virtually unknown.
Experimental design: We integrated ex vivo multiplexed phosphoprotein cell signaling analyses of primary MM and BMME cells, metabolomic profiling of patient-derived BM and peripheral plasma, and in vitro studies on human MM cell lines. Primary CD138+ MM and BMME CD138- cells were isolated from BM aspirates obtained from 35 clinically characterized MM patients and 60 proteins - representative of autophagy, cell survival, proliferation, protein degradation and translation pathways - were analyzed by Reverse Phase Protein Arrays (RPPA).Comprehensive metabolomics profiling was achieved by ultra-high performance liquid and gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry (UHPLC/GC-MS) on ad hoc-collected B and peripheral plasma samples from patients at different disease stages (30 MGUS, 17 smoldering MM, 16 MM) and age-matched healthy donors (29). For in vitro studies, human MM lines were exposed to amino acid (AA) depletion and selected responses evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting analyses.
Results: First, RPPA revealed that patients with the most aggressive clinical presentation (refractoriness, short time to progression and active bone disease) displayed higher activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway associated to higher expression of the autophagic proteins ATG5, LC3B and p62. In search for extrinsic stimuli capable of raising both mTOR and autophagic activity, we recapitulated such expression pattern in MM cells through selective starvation of tryptophan (Trp) and arginine (Arg), two AA endowed with distinctive immune regulatory activity. When exposed to Trp-free or Arg-free medium, human MM cell lines activated GCN2-mediated responses, increasing mTOR, p-S6RP, CHOP, p62 and Blimp-1 and immunoglobulin secretion; conversely, stable lentiviral p62 silencing reduced Blimp-1 and caused the in vitro extinction of MM cell lines within 10 days of culture. UHPLC/GC-MS metabolomics analysis of plasma samples revealed a progressively and significantly lower concentration of Trp and Arg associated with disease evolution and shorter progression-free survival.
Conclusion: Taken together, our findings disclose a novel extrinsic circuit whereby reduced concentration of the essential immunoregulatory AA Trp and Arg sustains PC cell fitness and survival. Attesting to pathophysiologic relevance, this mechanism appears coopted by MM as a component of its vicious BMME.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Alessandra Romano, Floriana Cremasco, Antonella Chiechi, Francesca Paradiso, Enrico Milan, Francesca Fontana, Jose M. Manteiga, Francesco Di Raimondo, Alexander I. Spira, Amy Van Meter, Emanuel Chip Petricoin, Virginia Espina, Lance A. Liotta, Simone Cenci. Multiplexed phosphoprotein cell signaling analysis in multiple myeloma reveals a pro-survival pathway elicited by amino-acid starvation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5413. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5413
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Enrico Milan
- 1San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Simone Cenci
- 1San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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34
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Romano A, Giallongo C, La Cava P, Parrinello NL, Chiechi A, Vetro C, Tibullo D, Di Raimondo F, Liotta LA, Espina V, Palumbo GA. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Autophagy as Pro-Survival Pathway Elicited by Long-Term Exposure with 5-Azacitidine in High-Risk Myelodysplasia. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:204. [PMID: 28491035 PMCID: PMC5405131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Azacytidine (5-AZA) is the standard first-choice treatment for high-risk myelodysplasia (MDS) patients. However, the clinical outcome for those patients who interrupt treatment or whose disease failed to respond is very poor. In order to identify the cellular pathways that are modified by long-term exposure to 5-AZA, we evaluated key proteins associated with the autophagy pathway by reverse-phase microarray (RPPA). Comparing bone marrow mononucleated cells (BMMCs) obtained from 20 newly-diagnosed patients and after four 5-AZA cycles we found an increased autophagy signaling. We then evaluated ex-vivo the effect of the combination of 5-AZA with autophagy inhibitors chloroquine (CQ) and leupeptin. Since 5-AZA and CQ showed synergism due to an increase of basal autophagy after 5-AZA exposure, we adopted a sequential treatment treating BMMCs with 5 μM 5-AZA for 72 h followed by 10 μM CQ for 24 h and found increased apoptosis, associated to a reduction of G2M phase and increase in G0-G1 phase. Long-term exposure to 5-AZA induced the reduction of the autophagic marker SQSTM1/p62, reversible by CQ or leupeptin exposure. In conclusion, we identified autophagy as a compensatory pathway occurring in MDS-BM after long-term exposure to 5-AZA and we provided evidences that a sequential treatment of 5-AZA followed by CQ could improve 5-AZA efficacy, providing novel insight for tailored therapy in MDS patients progressing after 5-AZA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Romano
- Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico UniversitariaCatania, Italy.,Scuola Superiore di CataniaCatania, Italy.,Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason UniversityManassas, VA, USA
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico UniversitariaCatania, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonella Chiechi
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason UniversityManassas, VA, USA
| | - Calogero Vetro
- Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico UniversitariaCatania, Italy.,Scuola Superiore di CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico UniversitariaCatania, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico UniversitariaCatania, Italy.,Scuola Superiore di CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason UniversityManassas, VA, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason UniversityManassas, VA, USA
| | - Giuseppe A Palumbo
- Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico UniversitariaCatania, Italy
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Bell TM, Espina V, Senina S, Woodson C, Brahms A, Carey B, Lin SC, Lundberg L, Pinkham C, Baer A, Mueller C, Chlipala EA, Sharman F, de la Fuente C, Liotta L, Kehn-Hall K. Rapamycin modulation of p70 S6 kinase signaling inhibits Rift Valley fever virus pathogenesis. Antiviral Res 2017; 143:162-175. [PMID: 28442428 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite over 60 years of research on antiviral drugs, very few are FDA approved to treat acute viral infections. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), an arthropod borne virus that causes hemorrhagic fever in severe cases, currently lacks effective treatments. Existing as obligate intracellular parasites, viruses have evolved to manipulate host cell signaling pathways to meet their replication needs. Specifically, translation modulation is often necessary for viruses to establish infection in their host. Here we demonstrated phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase, S6 ribosomal protein, and eIF4G following RVFV infection in vitro through western blot analysis and in a mouse model of infection through reverse phase protein microarrays (RPPA). Inhibition of p70 S6 kinase through rapamycin treatment reduced viral titers in vitro and increased survival and mitigated clinical disease in RVFV challenged mice. Additionally, the phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase was decreased following rapamycin treatment in vivo. Collectively these data demonstrate modulating p70 S6 kinase can be an effective antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Bell
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Svetlana Senina
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Caitlin Woodson
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Ashwini Brahms
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Brian Carey
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Shih-Chao Lin
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Lindsay Lundberg
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Chelsea Pinkham
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Alan Baer
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | | | - Faye Sharman
- Premier Laboratory, LLC, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA
| | - Cynthia de la Fuente
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
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36
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Staunton L, Tonry C, Lis R, Espina V, Liotta L, Inzitari R, Bowden M, Fabre A, O'Leary J, Finn SP, Loda M, Pennington SR. Pathology-Driven Comprehensive Proteomic Profiling of the Prostate Cancer Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:281-293. [PMID: 28057717 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Gleason grading is an important predictor of prostate cancer outcomes and is influential in determining patient treatment options. Clinical decisions based on a Gleason score of 7 are difficult as the prognosis for individuals diagnosed with Gleason 4+3 cancer is much worse than for those diagnosed with Gleason 3+4 cancer. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a highly precise method to isolate specific cell populations or discrete microregions from tissues. This report undertook a detailed molecular characterization of the tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer to define the proteome in the epithelial and stromal regions from tumor foci of Gleason grades 3 and 4. Tissue regions of interest were isolated from several Gleason 3+3 and Gleason 4+4 tumors using telepathology to leverage specialized pathology expertise to support LCM. Over 2,000 proteins were identified following liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of all regions of interest. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in protein expression (>100 proteins) between Gleason 3 and Gleason 4 regions-in both stromal and epithelial compartments. A subset of these proteins has had prior strong association with prostate cancer, thereby providing evidence for the authenticity of the approach. Finally, validation of these proteins by immunohistochemistry has been obtained using an independent cohort of prostate cancer tumor specimens.Implications: This unbiased strategy provides a strong foundation for the development of biomarker protein panels with significant diagnostic and prognostic potential. Mol Cancer Res; 15(3); 281-93. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Staunton
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Tonry
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosina Lis
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Rosanna Inzitari
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michaela Bowden
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aurelie Fabre
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Massimo Loda
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen R Pennington
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Popova TG, Teunis A, Espina V, Liotta LA, Popov SG. Chemokine-Releasing Microparticles Improve Bacterial Clearance and Survival of Anthrax Spore-Challenged Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163163. [PMID: 27632537 PMCID: PMC5025034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the hydrogel microparticles (MPs) were used to enhance migration of neutrophils in order to improve outcome of anthrax infection in a mouse model. Two MP formulations were tested. In the first one the polyacrylamide gel MPs were chemically coupled with Cibacron Blue (CB) affinity bait. In the second one the bait molecules within the MPs were additionally loaded with neutrophil-attracting chemokines (CKs), human CXCL8 and mouse CCL3. A non-covalent interaction of the bait with the CKs provided their gradual release after administration of the MPs to the host. Mice were challenged into footpads with Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores and given a dose of MPs a few hours before and/or after the spores. Pre-treatment with a single dose of CK-releasing MPs without any additional intervention was able to induce influx of neutrophils to the site of spore inoculation and regional lymph nodes correlating with reduced bacterial burden and decreased inflammatory response in footpads. On average, in two independent experiments, up to 53% of mice survived over 13 days. All control spore-challenged but MP-untreated mice died. The CB-coupled particles were also found to improve survival likely due to the capacity to stimulate release of endogenous CKs, but were less potent at decreasing the inflammatory host response than the CK-releasing MPs. The CK post-treatment did not improve survival compared to the untreated mice which died within 4 to 6 days with a strong inflammation of footpads, indicating quick dissemination of spores though the lymphatics after challenge. This is the first report on the enhanced innate host resistance to anthrax in response to CKs delivered and/or endogenously induced by the MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taissia G. Popova
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States of America
| | - Allison Teunis
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States of America
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States of America
| | - Lance A. Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States of America
| | - Serguei G. Popov
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mueller C, Liotta LA, Chiechi A, Picci P, Alberghini M, Memeo L, Canzonieri V, Espina V. Abstract 3877: A new frontier for molecular profiling of neoplastic bone tissue. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-3877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Tissue is alive and reacting to ex vivo stress during “cold ischemia time”. Tumor cells react to the absence of vascular perfusion, hypoxia, acidosis, and accumulation of cellular waste, which can critically mask cancer related signaling network data. Standard formalin fixation of calcified tissue requires decalcification with formic/nitric acid solution, which greatly interferes with downstream molecular analysis. We developed a non-formalin fixative (TheraLin) for preserving biomarker molecules and tissue histomorphology in one step, which greatly facilitates the analysis of phosphoprotein signaling pathways in calcified tumor samples.
Methods: Fifty specimens of neoplastic bone were collected at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (Bologna, Italy). Matched 0.5 cm samples were fixed in TheraLin preservative; or fixed in 4% buffered formalin and decalcified with formic/nitric acid solution. Specimens were processed into paraffin blocks and 5 μm tissue sections cut onto glass slides. Enriched tumor cell populations were procured using Laser Capture Microdissection. Reverse Phase Protein Microarrays were constructed with the microdissected tumor cells and probed with >40 antibodies to unmodified or phosphorylated proteins. Immunohistochemistry (>200 stains in total) was performed on routine clinical protein targets and a subset of phosphorylated proteins.
Results: TheraLin fixation greatly facilitated molecular profiling of bony tissues by eliminating the need for decalcification (18.5 hour average reduction in processing time) while maintaining or improving histomorphology (>85% of cases) and immunohistology (>75% of cases). In addition, we were able to demonstrate full compatibility with laser capture microdissection, reverse phase protein microarrays and downstream analysis of cell signal protein activation. Protein extractability from microdissected material was significantly increased (>2.5 fold, p<0.01) compared to formalin fixed, decalcified bone tissue.
Conclusion: TheraLin obviates the need for decalcification of bone tissue while simultaneously preserving histomophology and immunohistochemistry. TheraLin enables reliable quantification of phosphorylated signal transduction proteins, the substrates of kinase drug targets, and greatly facilitates tumor cell enrichment compared to standard formalin fixation and decalcification.
Citation Format: Claudius Mueller, Lance A. Liotta, Antonella Chiechi, Piero Picci, Marco Alberghini, Lorenzo Memeo, Vincenzo Canzonieri, Virginia Espina. A new frontier for molecular profiling of neoplastic bone tissue. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3877.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Piero Picci
- 3Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Memeo
- 4Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Catania, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - John P Williams
- Novant Health Breast Center, Novant Health Haymarket Medical Center, Haymarket, Virginia
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
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Boone BA, Bahary N, Zureikat AH, Moser AJ, Normolle DP, Wu WC, Singhi AD, Bao P, Bartlett DL, Liotta LA, Espina V, Loughran P, Lotze MT, Zeh HJ. Safety and Biologic Response of Pre-operative Autophagy Inhibition in Combination with Gemcitabine in Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22:4402-10. [PMID: 25905586 PMCID: PMC4663459 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autophagy is a cell survival mechanism that plays a critical role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Murine studies have previously demonstrated that treatment with the late-autophagy inhibitor chloroquine in combination with chemotherapy limited tumor growth. METHODS In this phase 1/2 trial, we examined treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and gemcitabine for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability, evaluated by Storer's dose escalation design. Secondary endpoints were CA 19-9 biomarker response, R0 resection rates, survival, and correlative studies of autophagy. RESULTS Thirty-five patients were enrolled. There were no dose-limiting toxicities and no grade 4/5 events related to treatment. Nineteen patients (61 %) had a decrease in CA 19-9 after treatment. Twenty-nine patients (94 %) underwent surgical resection as scheduled, with a 77 % R0 resection rate. Median overall survival was 34.8 months (95 % confidence interval, 11.57 to not reached). Patients who had more than a 51 % increase in the autophagy marker LC3-II in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells had improvement in disease-free survival (15.03 vs. 6.9 months, p < 0.05) and overall survival (34.83 vs. 10.83 months, p < 0.05). No outcome differences were demonstrated in the 81 % of patients with abnormal p53 expression assessed by immunohistochemistry in the resected specimens. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative autophagy inhibition with HCQ plus gemcitabine is safe and well tolerated. Surrogate biomarker responses (CA 19-9) and surgical oncologic outcomes were encouraging. p53 status was not associated with adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Boone
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Bahary
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amer H Zureikat
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A James Moser
- Institute for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel P Normolle
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Phillip Bao
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Patricia Loughran
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Popova TG, Teunis A, Vaseghi H, Zhou W, Espina V, Liotta LA, Popov SG. Nitric oxide as a regulator of B. anthracis pathogenicity. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:921. [PMID: 26388860 PMCID: PMC4557104 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key physiological regulator in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It can cause a variety of biological effects by reacting with its targets or/and indirectly inducing oxidative stress. NO can also be produced by bacteria including the pathogenic Bacillus anthracis; however, its role in the infectious process only begins to emerge. NO incapacitates macrophages by S-nitrosylating the intracellular proteins and protects B. anthracis from oxidative stress. It is also implicated in the formation of toxic peroxynitrite. In this study we further assessed the effects of B. anthracis NO produced by the NO synthase (bNOS) on bacterial metabolism and host cells in experiments with the bNOS knockout Sterne strain. The mutation abrogated accumulation of nitrite and nitrate as tracer products of NO in the culture medium and markedly attenuated growth in both aerobic and microaerobic conditions. The regulatory role of NO was also suggested by the abnormally high rate of nitrate denitrification by the mutant in the presence of oxygen. Anaerobic regulation mediated by NO was reflected in reduced fermentation of glucose by the mutant correlating with the reduced toxicity of bacteria toward host cells in culture. The toxic effect of NO required permeabilization of the target cells as well as the activity of fermentation-derived metabolite in the conditions of reduced pH. The host cells demonstrated increased phosphorylation of major survivor protein kinase AKT correlating with reduced toxicity of the mutant in comparison with Sterne. Our global proteomic analysis of lymph from the lymph nodes of infected mice harboring bacteria revealed numerous changes in the pattern and levels of proteins associated with the activity of bNOS influencing key cell physiological processes relevant to energy metabolism, growth, signal transduction, stress response, septic shock, and homeostasis. This is the first in vivo observation of the bacterial NO effect on the lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taissia G Popova
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA USA ; Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA USA
| | - Allison Teunis
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA USA
| | - Haley Vaseghi
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA USA
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA USA
| | - Serguei G Popov
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA USA
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Espina V, Levin MK, Carpten JD, Craig DW, Von Hoff D, Liotta LA, O'Shaughnessy J. Abstract P1-07-05: Triple negative breast cancer metastases: Protein signal transduction networks within the tumor-stromal microenvironment complement genomic analysis and stratify local versus distant metastasis. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs14-p1-07-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Genomic profiling of primary TNBC may not reflect the lethal metastatic (mTNBC) lesions that constitute a selected subclone of the primary tumor. Moreover, while the stroma microenvironment of primary tumors has been the subject of study, almost nothing is known about the stromal microenvironment of metastasis. We conducted proteomic signal pathway network analysis of microdissected tumor cells and stroma from mTNBC samples for which whole genome sequencing was known. We addressed the following questions: 1) Can potentially actionable driver mutations in the metastasis be inferred from the activated/ suppressed protein signaling pathways in the tumor cells? 2) Are the tumor cell signaling pathways different between local and distant metastasis? 3) Does the proteomic signaling profile of the stroma provide strategies for stromal therapy of mTNBC?
Methods: Enriched populations of mTNBC cells and adjacent stromal cells were collected by Laser Capture Microdissection from 13 fresh frozen mTNBC samples. Signal pathway profiling of 130 protein and/or phosphoprotein endpoints were quantified by reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA). The samples represented local (regional lymph node and chest wall) (n=7) and distant (n=6) metastasis. Spearman rho correlation analysis identified pair-wise protein linakges (rho=0.8, p<0.01). Whole genome sequencing was also performed on the mTNBC samples (Craig DW. Mol Cancer Ther, 2012).
Results: We compared the protein signaling network of the tumor and matched stroma to investigate tumor-stroma crosstalk, and also to the genomic alterations (GAs) in the same tumor. GAs in mTNBC fell into two major categories: DNA repair or cell cycle/growth factor signaling. Proteomic analysis confirmed the down-regulation of endocrine (ER, AR, PR) and HER2 pathways. PhosphoJAK1/2 and phosphoHer3 were markedly down-regulated in mTNBCs, while EGFR and Her4 signaling were not. Spearman rho pairwise correlations revealed differences between local and distant metastases as well as between local and distant stroma. Cyclin D1 in locally metastatic tumor cells was linked with Autotaxin, PLCgamma and RUNX1, whereas in distant metastatic tumor cells, Cyclin D1 was linked with HIF-1alpha, phosphoJAK1, and HSP70. Growth factor signaling via phosphoEFGR was more prevalent in distant mTNBC tumor samples (322 linkages) compared to local mTNBC tumor samples (146 linkages). Distant stromal cell linkages were dominated by growth factor (phospho mTOR) and immune cell crosstalk, e.g. 21 linkages between CD63 in distant stromal samples compared to 1 CD63 linkage in local stromal cells.
Discussion: Proteomic signal pathway data can stratify metastatic lesions into functionally important groups based on a) clinical phenotype (distant versus local metastasis) and b) GA subtype (DNA repair vs growth factor signaling), thereby providing new actionable strategies for novel therapies, e.g. anti-JAK1 and anti-HSP70, and providing a means to prioritize potential driver mutations. Profiling the signal pathway network of mTNBC stroma, for the first time, provides novel strategies for targeting immune cell and mTOR pathways, for new classes of stromal therapy.
Citation Format: Virginia Espina, Maren K Levin, John D Carpten, David W Craig, Daniel Von Hoff, Lance A Liotta, Joyce O'Shaughnessy. Triple negative breast cancer metastases: Protein signal transduction networks within the tumor-stromal microenvironment complement genomic analysis and stratify local versus distant metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-05.
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Fitzgerald S, Espina V, Sheehan KM, Cummins R, O'Grady A, Kenny D, O'Kennedy R, Liotta L, Kay EW, Kijanka G. Abstract B55: Molecular characterization of epithelial and stromal crosstalk associated with TRIM28 expression levels in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.chtme14-b55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: TRIM28 is a universal transcriptional co-repressor with pleotropic effects in both normal and tumor cells. We have previously shown that varying TRIM28 levels in epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts have a prognostic value in colorectal cancer patients. The pathophysiological role of TRIM28 in carcinogenesis may therefore be associated with TRIM28 expression levels and cell type of expression within the tumor microenvironment. In this study we aim to dissect the molecular pathways associated with TRIM28 expression ratios within the tumor microenvironment by isolating individual populations of neoplastic epithelial and stromal cells and investigating their protein signaling networks. Methods: TRIM28 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on FFPE tissue from 19 colorectal cancer patients. TRIM28 staining was evaluated in both epithelial and stromal compartments. IHC scoring of at least 2 units of difference in staining intensity between stromal fibroblasts and epithelial cells was defined as a high TRIM28 expression ratio and a low TRIM28 expression ratio was defined as 1 or 0 units of difference in staining intensity. Reverse-phase protein microarrays (RPMA) were constructed from laser capture micro-dissection (LCM) enriched tumor epithelium and stroma isolated from fresh-frozen tissue of the same patient cohort. The protein signaling networks were measured for 32 downstream signaling endpoints. Spearman rank analysis was used to assess the correlations between individual protein pairs. Correlation coefficient ρ ≥ 0.75 with P ≤ 0.01 was considered significant. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis of the FFPE tissue sections identified 10 TRIM28 high ratio cases and 9 TRIM28 low ratio cases. Proteomic networks were assessed in TRIM28 high and low ratio cases in fresh-frozen tissue using RPMA. Spearman ρ rank correlation analyses for the 32 signaling proteins revealed that 184 highly correlated protein pairs exclusive to the TRIM28 high ratio group, whereas 157 protein pairs were found exclusively in the TRIM28 low ratio group. In addition 191 protein pairs were shared across both TRIM28 high and low ratio groups. The caspases 3 and 7, as well as the cell surface receptor RAGE, were prominent in the high TRIM28 ratio group proteomic network, whereas the Metalloprotease MMP9 and the GTPase Ras-GRF1 were exclusive to the low TRIM28 ratio group. Furthermore we found Survivin and JNK to be prominent in the stromal compartment of the high TRIM28 cases. Conclusions: We characterized molecular pathways associated with TRIM28 expression ratios within the tumor microenvironment. Proteomic analysis revealed distinct protein signaling networks associated with varying TRIM28 expression levels in epithelial and stromal compartments. The study presents a novel way of deciphering molecular crosstalk between the epithelial and stromal compartments within the microenvironment.
Citation Format: Seán Fitzgerald, Virginia Espina, Katherine M. Sheehan, Robert Cummins, Anthony O'Grady, Dermot Kenny, Richard O'Kennedy, Lance Liotta, Elaine W. Kay, Gregor Kijanka. Molecular characterization of epithelial and stromal crosstalk associated with TRIM28 expression levels in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B55. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B55
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán Fitzgerald
- 1Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland,
| | - Virginia Espina
- 2Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA,
| | - Katherine M. Sheehan
- 3Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland,
| | - Robert Cummins
- 3Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland,
| | - Anthony O'Grady
- 3Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland,
| | - Dermot Kenny
- 4Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland,
| | | | - Lance Liotta
- 2Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA,
| | - Elaine W. Kay
- 3Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland,
| | - Gregor Kijanka
- 1Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland,
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Colarossi L, Memeo L, Colarossi C, Aiello E, Iuppa A, Espina V, Liotta L, Mueller C. Inhibition of histone deacetylase 4 increases cytotoxicity of docetaxel in gastric cancer cells. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:924-931. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Colarossi
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine; George Mason University; Manassas VA USA
- Fondazione IOM; Viagrande Catania Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Department of Experimental Oncology; Mediterranean Institute of Oncology; Viagrande Catania Italy
- IOM Ricerca srl; Viagrande Catania Italy
| | - Cristina Colarossi
- Department of Experimental Oncology; Mediterranean Institute of Oncology; Viagrande Catania Italy
| | - Eleonora Aiello
- Department of Experimental Oncology; Mediterranean Institute of Oncology; Viagrande Catania Italy
| | - Antonio Iuppa
- Department of Experimental Oncology; Mediterranean Institute of Oncology; Viagrande Catania Italy
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine; George Mason University; Manassas VA USA
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine; George Mason University; Manassas VA USA
| | - Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine; George Mason University; Manassas VA USA
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Fitzgerald S, Sheehan KM, Espina V, O'Grady A, Cummins R, Kenny D, Liotta L, O'Kennedy R, Kay EW, Kijanka GS. High CerS5 expression levels associate with reduced patient survival and transition from apoptotic to autophagy signalling pathways in colorectal cancer. J Pathol Clin Res 2014; 1:54-65. [PMID: 27499893 PMCID: PMC4858121 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide synthase 5 is involved in the de novo synthesis of ceramide, a sphingolipid involved in cell death and proliferation. In this study, we investigated the role of ceramide synthase 5 in colorectal cancer by examining ceramide synthase 5 expression, clinico-pathological parameters and association with survival/death signalling pathways in cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of CerS5 was performed on 102 colorectal cancer samples using tissue microarrays constructed from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. We found strong membranous ceramide synthase 5 staining in 57 of 102 (56%) colorectal cancers. A multivariate Cox regression analysis of ceramide synthase 5 expression adjusted for disease stage, differentiation and lymphovascular invasion revealed reduced 5-year overall survival (p = 0.001) and 5-year recurrence-free survival (p = 0.002), with hazard ratios of 4.712 and 4.322, respectively. The effect of ceramide synthase 5 expression on tumourigenic processes was further characterised by reverse phase protein array analysis. Reverse phase protein arrays were generated from laser capture microdissection-enriched carcinoma cells from 19 fresh-frozen colorectal cancer tissues. Measurements of phosphorylation and total levels of signalling proteins involved in apoptosis, autophagy and other cancer-related pathways revealed two distinct signalling networks; weak membranous ceramide synthase 5 intensity was associated with a proteomic network dominated by signalling proteins linked to apoptosis, whereas strong ceramide synthase 5 intensity was associated with a proteomic sub-network mostly composed of proteins linked to autophagy. In conclusion, high ceramide synthase 5 expression was found in colorectal cancer tissue and was associated with poorer patient outcomes. Our findings suggest that this may be mediated by a transition from apoptotic to autophagy signalling pathways in ceramide synthase 5 High expressing tumours, thus implicating ceramide synthase 5 in the progression of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán Fitzgerald
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City UniversityDublinIreland; School of Biotechnology, Dublin City UniversityDublinIreland
| | - Katherine M Sheehan
- Department of Pathology Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine George Mason University Manassas VA USA
| | - Anthony O'Grady
- Department of Pathology Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Robert Cummins
- Department of Pathology Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Dermot Kenny
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City UniversityDublinIreland; Molecular and Cellular TherapeuticsThe Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine George Mason University Manassas VA USA
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City UniversityDublinIreland; School of Biotechnology, Dublin City UniversityDublinIreland
| | - Elaine W Kay
- Department of Pathology Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Gregor S Kijanka
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University Dublin Ireland
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Espina V, Edmiston KH, Liotta LA. Non-enzymatic, serum-free tissue culture of pre-invasive breast lesions for spontaneous generation of mammospheres. J Vis Exp 2014:e51926. [PMID: 25406584 DOI: 10.3791/51926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), by definition, is proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells within the confines of the breast duct, without breaching the collagenous basement membrane. While DCIS is a non-obligate precursor to invasive breast cancers, the molecular mechanisms and cell populations that permit progression to invasive cancer are not fully known. To determine if progenitor cells capable of invasion existed within the DCIS cell population, we developed a methodology for collecting and culturing sterile human breast tissue at the time of surgery, without enzymatic disruption of tissue. Sterile breast tissue containing ductal segments is harvested from surgically excised breast tissue following routine pathological examination. Tissue containing DCIS is placed in nutrient rich, antibiotic-containing, serum free medium, and transported to the tissue culture laboratory. The breast tissue is further dissected to isolate the calcified areas. Multiple breast tissue pieces (organoids) are placed in a minimal volume of serum free medium in a flask with a removable lid and cultured in a humidified CO₂ incubator. Epithelial and fibroblast cell populations emerge from the organoid after 10 - 14 days. Mammospheres spontaneously form on and around the epithelial cell monolayer. Specific cell populations can be harvested directly from the flask without disrupting neighboring cells. Our non-enzymatic tissue culture system reliably reveals cytogenetically abnormal, invasive progenitor cells from fresh human DCIS lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University;
| | | | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University
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Magni R, Espina BH, Liotta LA, Luchini A, Espina V. Hydrogel nanoparticle harvesting of plasma or urine for detecting low abundance proteins. J Vis Exp 2014:e51789. [PMID: 25145492 DOI: 10.3791/51789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel biomarker discovery plays a crucial role in providing more sensitive and specific disease detection. Unfortunately many low-abundance biomarkers that exist in biological fluids cannot be easily detected with mass spectrometry or immunoassays because they are present in very low concentration, are labile, and are often masked by high-abundance proteins such as albumin or immunoglobulin. Bait containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAm) based nanoparticles are able to overcome these physiological barriers. In one step they are able to capture, concentrate and preserve biomarkers from body fluids. Low-molecular weight analytes enter the core of the nanoparticle and are captured by different organic chemical dyes, which act as high affinity protein baits. The nanoparticles are able to concentrate the proteins of interest by several orders of magnitude. This concentration factor is sufficient to increase the protein level such that the proteins are within the detection limit of current mass spectrometers, western blotting, and immunoassays. Nanoparticles can be incubated with a plethora of biological fluids and they are able to greatly enrich the concentration of low-molecular weight proteins and peptides while excluding albumin and other high-molecular weight proteins. Our data show that a 10,000 fold amplification in the concentration of a particular analyte can be achieved, enabling mass spectrometry and immunoassays to detect previously undetectable biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Magni
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University
| | | | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University;
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Luchini A, Espina V, Liotta LA. Protein painting reveals solvent-excluded drug targets hidden within native protein-protein interfaces. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4413. [PMID: 25048602 PMCID: PMC4109009 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the contact regions between a protein and its binding partners is essential for creating therapies that block the interaction. Unfortunately, such contact regions are extremely difficult to characterize because they are hidden inside the binding interface. Here we introduce protein painting as a new tool that employs small molecules as molecular paints to tightly coat the surface of protein–protein complexes. The molecular paints, which block trypsin cleavage sites, are excluded from the binding interface. Following mass spectrometry, only peptides hidden in the interface emerge as positive hits, revealing the functional contact regions that are drug targets. We use protein painting to discover contact regions between the three-way interaction of IL1β ligand, the receptor IL1RI and the accessory protein IL1RAcP. We then use this information to create peptides and monoclonal antibodies that block the interaction and abolish IL1β cell signalling. The technology is broadly applicable to discover protein interaction drug targets. Identifying the site where a protein binds to another molecule is an important factor for the design of therapeutics intended to prevent this interaction. Here, the authors coat protein–receptor complexes with surface-binding molecules, and determine their interacting regions using mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10900 University Boulevard, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10900 University Boulevard, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10900 University Boulevard, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA
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Cremona M, Espina V, Caccia D, Veneroni S, Colecchia M, Pierobon M, Deng J, Mueller C, Procopio G, Lanzi C, Daidone MG, Cho WCS, Petricoin EF, Liotta L, Bongarzone I. Stratification of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by signaling pathway analysis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:237-49. [PMID: 24575852 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.893193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of cell signaling pathways in 16 clear cell renal cell carcinomas to identify groups based on commonly shared phosphorylation-driven signaling networks. Using laser capture microdissection and reverse-phase protein arrays, we profiled 75 key nodes spanning signaling pathways important in tumorigenesis. Analysis revealed significantly different (P < 0.05) signaling levels for 27 nodes between two groups of samples, designated A (4 samples; high EGFR, RET, and RASGFR1 levels, converging to activate AKT/mTOR) and B (12 samples; high ERK1/2 and STAT phosphorylation). Group B was further partitioned into groups C (7 samples; elevated expression of LC3B) and D (5 samples; activation of Src and STAT). Network analysis indicated that group A was characterized by signaling pathways related to cell cycle and proliferation, and group B by pathways related to cell death and survival. Homogeneous clear cell renal cell carcinomas could be stratified into at least two major functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Cremona
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
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Romeo MJ, Espina V, Lowenthal M, Espina BH, Petricoin EF, Liotta LA. CSF proteome: a protein repository for potential biomarker identification. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 2:57-70. [PMID: 15966853 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis is not limited to the analysis of serum or tissues. Synovial, peritoneal, pericardial and cerebrospinal fluid represent unique proteomes for disease diagnosis and prognosis. In particular, cerebrospinal fluid serves as a rich source of putative biomarkers that are not solely limited to neurologic disorders. Peptides, proteolytic fragments and antibodies are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, thus providing a repository of pathologic information. Proteomic technologies such as immunoblotting, isoelectric focusing, 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry have proven useful for deciphering this unique proteome. Cerebrospinal fluid proteins are generally less abundant than their corresponding serum counterparts, necessitating the development and use of sensitive analytical techniques. This review highlights some of the promising areas of cerebrospinal fluid proteomic research and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Romeo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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