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Liutkus M, Sasselli IR, Rojas AL, Cortajarena AL. Diverse crystalline protein scaffolds through metal-dependent polymorphism. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4971. [PMID: 38591647 PMCID: PMC11002994 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
As protein crystals are increasingly finding diverse applications as scaffolds, controlled crystal polymorphism presents a facile strategy to form crystalline assemblies with controllable porosity with minimal to no protein engineering. Polymorphs of consensus tetratricopeptide repeat proteins with varying porosity were obtained through co-crystallization with metal salts, exploiting the innate metal ion geometric requirements. A single structurally exposed negative amino acid cluster was responsible for metal coordination, despite the abundance of negatively charged residues. Density functional theory calculations showed that while most of the crystals were the most thermodynamically stable assemblies, some were kinetically trapped states. Thus, crystalline porosity diversity is achieved and controlled with metal coordination, opening a new scope in the application of proteins as biocompatible protein-metal-organic frameworks (POFs). In addition, metal-dependent polymorphic crystals allow direct comparison of metal coordination preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantas Liutkus
- Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)Basque Research and Technology AllianceSan SebastianSpain
| | - Ivan R. Sasselli
- Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)Basque Research and Technology AllianceSan SebastianSpain
- Present address:
Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM)CSIC‐UPV/EHUSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Adriana L. Rojas
- Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)Basque Research and Technology AllianceBilbaoSpain
| | - Aitziber L. Cortajarena
- Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)Basque Research and Technology AllianceSan SebastianSpain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
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2
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Catrambone V, Candia‐Rivera D, Valenza G. Intracortical brain-heart interplay: An EEG model source study of sympathovagal changes. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26677. [PMID: 38656080 PMCID: PMC11041380 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between cerebral and cardiovascular activity, known as the functional brain-heart interplay (BHI), and its temporal dynamics, have been linked to a plethora of physiological and pathological processes. Various computational models of the brain-heart axis have been proposed to estimate BHI non-invasively by taking advantage of the time resolution offered by electroencephalograph (EEG) signals. However, investigations into the specific intracortical sources responsible for this interplay have been limited, which significantly hampers existing BHI studies. This study proposes an analytical modeling framework for estimating the BHI at the source-brain level. This analysis relies on the low-resolution electromagnetic tomography sources localization from scalp electrophysiological recordings. BHI is then quantified as the functional correlation between the intracortical sources and cardiovascular dynamics. Using this approach, we aimed to evaluate the reliability of BHI estimates derived from source-localized EEG signals as compared with prior findings from neuroimaging methods. The proposed approach is validated using an experimental dataset gathered from 32 healthy individuals who underwent standard sympathovagal elicitation using a cold pressor test. Additional resting state data from 34 healthy individuals has been analysed to assess robustness and reproducibility of the methodology. Experimental results not only confirmed previous findings on activation of brain structures affecting cardiac dynamics (e.g., insula, amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior and mid-cingulate cortices) but also provided insights into the anatomical bases of brain-heart axis. In particular, we show that the bidirectional activity of electrophysiological pathways of functional brain-heart communication increases during cold pressure with respect to resting state, mainly targeting neural oscillations in theδ $$ \delta $$ ,β $$ \beta $$ , andγ $$ \gamma $$ bands. The proposed approach offers new perspectives for the investigation of functional BHI that could also shed light on various pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Catrambone
- Neurocardiovascular Intelligence Laboratory & Department of Information Engineering & Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center, E. Piaggio, School of EngineeringUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Diego Candia‐Rivera
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INRIA, CNRS, INSERM, AP‐HP, Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtriŕeParisFrance
| | - Gaetano Valenza
- Neurocardiovascular Intelligence Laboratory & Department of Information Engineering & Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center, E. Piaggio, School of EngineeringUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
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Niess F, Strasser B, Hingerl L, Bader V, Frese S, Clarke WT, Duguid A, Niess E, Motyka S, Krššák M, Trattnig S, Scherer T, Lanzenberger R, Bogner W. Whole-brain deuterium metabolic imaging via concentric ring trajectory readout enables assessment of regional variations in neuronal glucose metabolism. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26686. [PMID: 38647048 PMCID: PMC11034002 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is an emerging magnetic resonance technique, for non-invasive mapping of human brain glucose metabolism following oral or intravenous administration of deuterium-labeled glucose. Regional differences in glucose metabolism can be observed in various brain pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, epilepsy or schizophrenia, but the achievable spatial resolution of conventional phase-encoded DMI methods is limited due to prolonged acquisition times rendering submilliliter isotropic spatial resolution for dynamic whole brain DMI not feasible. The purpose of this study was to implement non-Cartesian spatial-spectral sampling schemes for whole-brain 2H FID-MR Spectroscopic Imaging to assess time-resolved metabolic maps with sufficient spatial resolution to reliably detect metabolic differences between healthy gray and white matter regions. Results were compared with lower-resolution DMI maps, conventionally acquired within the same session. Six healthy volunteers (4 m/2 f) were scanned for ~90 min after administration of 0.8 g/kg oral [6,6']-2H glucose. Time-resolved whole brain 2H FID-DMI maps of glucose (Glc) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) were acquired with 0.75 and 2 mL isotropic spatial resolution using density-weighted concentric ring trajectory (CRT) and conventional phase encoding (PE) readout, respectively, at 7 T. To minimize the effect of decreased signal-to-noise ratios associated with smaller voxels, low-rank denoising of the spatiotemporal data was performed during reconstruction. Sixty-three minutes after oral tracer uptake three-dimensional (3D) CRT-DMI maps featured 19% higher (p = .006) deuterium-labeled Glc concentrations in GM (1.98 ± 0.43 mM) compared with WM (1.66 ± 0.36 mM) dominated regions, across all volunteers. Similarly, 48% higher (p = .01) 2H-Glx concentrations were observed in GM (2.21 ± 0.44 mM) compared with WM (1.49 ± 0.20 mM). Low-resolution PE-DMI maps acquired 70 min after tracer uptake featured smaller regional differences between GM- and WM-dominated areas for 2H-Glc concentrations with 2.00 ± 0.35 mM and 1.71 ± 0.31 mM, respectively (+16%; p = .045), while no regional differences were observed for 2H-Glx concentrations. In this study, we successfully implemented 3D FID-MRSI with fast CRT encoding for dynamic whole-brain DMI at 7 T with 2.5-fold increased spatial resolution compared with conventional whole-brain phase encoded (PE) DMI to visualize regional metabolic differences. The faster metabolic activity represented by 48% higher Glx concentrations was observed in GM- compared with WM-dominated regions, which could not be reproduced using whole-brain DMI with the low spatial resolution protocol. Improved assessment of regional pathologic alterations using a fully non-invasive imaging method is of high clinical relevance and could push DMI one step toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Niess
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard Strasser
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Lukas Hingerl
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Viola Bader
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sabina Frese
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - William T. Clarke
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Anna Duguid
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Eva Niess
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for MR Imaging Biomarkers (BIOMAK), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Stanislav Motyka
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for MR Imaging Biomarkers (BIOMAK), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Martin Krššák
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute for Clinical Molecular MRIKarl Landsteiner SocietySt. PöltenAustria
| | - Thomas Scherer
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for MR Imaging Biomarkers (BIOMAK), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Yavuz M, Akkol S, Onat F. Alpha-2a adrenergic receptor activation in genetic absence epilepsy: An absence status model? Epilepsia Open 2024; 9:534-547. [PMID: 38071480 PMCID: PMC10984306 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to propose a candidate animal model of absence status epilepticus induced by specific alpha-2a adrenergic receptor (α2AR) activation. We also aim to investigate the responsiveness of this model to classical anti-status or anti-absence medications. METHODS An α2AR agonist, dexmedetomidine (DEX), was injected intracerebroventricularly into adult rats with genetic absence epilepsy, and their electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. The total duration, number, and mean duration of each spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) were evaluated. The blocks of absence status events were classified as the initial and second sets of absence statuses. Ethosuximide (ETX) was administered as a pretreatment to another group of rats and later injected with 2.5 μg DEX. In addition, ETX, valproic acid (VPA), diazepam (DIAZ), and atipamezole (ATI) were administered after induced status-like events following DEX administration. Power spectral characteristics and coherence analysis were performed on the EEG to assess the absence status events and sleep. RESULTS The 2.5 μg dose of DEX increased the total SWD duration and induced continuous SWDs up to 26 min. Following the initial absence status event, sleep was induced; then, the second period of absence status-like activities were initiated. ETX pretreatment blocked the occurrence of absence status-like activities. Power spectral density analyses revealed that DEX-induced post-sleep activities had higher power in delta frequency band (1-4 Hz) and attenuated power of 7 Hz harmonics (14 and 21 Hz) than the pre-injection seizure. The mean duration of SWDs were decreased in all the groups, but occasional prolonged activities were seen in ETX or VPA-injected rats but not with DIAZ or ATI. SIGNIFICANCE This study presents an absence status epilepticus animal model that is activated by α2AR activation to investigate the pathophysiological role of absence status. Unlike other agents ATI switched off the second set of absence statuses to normal SWDs, without sedation or lethargy, can show it may preferentially block absence status-like activity. THE PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY This study proposes a rat model for prolonged seizures, resembling absence status epilepticus. Activating the brain's alpha-2a adrenergic receptor with dexmedetomidine induced seizures lasting up to 26 minutes. Ethosuximide pretreatment and post-treatment with valproic acid, diazepam, and atipamezole decreased induced seizures. The findings suggest this model is valuable for studying absence status epilepticus. In addition, atipamezole normalized abnormal seizures without sedation, hinting at its potential for targeted treatment and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Yavuz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of PharmacyAcibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Serdar Akkol
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham Medical CenterBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Filiz Onat
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of MedicineMarmara UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of MedicineAcibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar UniversityIstanbulTurkey
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Merwaiss F, Lozano‐Sanchez E, Zulaica J, Rusu L, Vazquez‐Vilar M, Orzáez D, Rodrigo G, Geller R, Daròs J. Plant virus-derived nanoparticles decorated with genetically encoded SARS-CoV-2 nanobodies display enhanced neutralizing activity. Plant Biotechnol J 2024; 22:876-891. [PMID: 37966715 PMCID: PMC10955499 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are a new class of virus-based formulations that can be used as building blocks to implement a variety of functions of potential interest in biotechnology and nanomedicine. Viral coat proteins (CP) that exhibit self-assembly properties are particularly appropriate for displaying antigens and antibodies, by generating multivalent VNPs with therapeutic and diagnostic potential. Here, we developed genetically encoded multivalent VNPs derived from two filamentous plant viruses, potato virus X (PVX) and tobacco etch virus (TEV), which were efficiently and inexpensively produced in the biofactory Nicotiana benthamiana plant. PVX and TEV-derived VNPs were decorated with two different nanobodies recognizing two different regions of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The addition of different picornavirus 2A ribosomal skipping peptides between the nanobody and the CP allowed for modulating the degree of VNP decoration. Nanobody-decorated VNPs purified from N. benthamiana tissues successfully recognized the RBD antigen in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and showed efficient neutralization activity against pseudoviruses carrying the Spike protein. Interestingly, multivalent PVX and TEV-derived VNPs exhibited a neutralizing activity approximately one order of magnitude higher than the corresponding nanobody in a dimeric format. These properties, combined with the ability to produce VNP cocktails in the same N. benthamiana plant based on synergistic infection of the parent PVX and TEV, make these green nanomaterials an attractive alternative to standard antibodies for multiple applications in diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Merwaiss
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de PlantasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Enrique Lozano‐Sanchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de PlantasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - João Zulaica
- Institute for Integrative Systems BiologyConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat de ValènciaPaternaSpain
| | - Luciana Rusu
- Institute for Integrative Systems BiologyConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat de ValènciaPaternaSpain
| | - Marta Vazquez‐Vilar
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de PlantasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Diego Orzáez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de PlantasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Guillermo Rodrigo
- Institute for Integrative Systems BiologyConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat de ValènciaPaternaSpain
| | - Ron Geller
- Institute for Integrative Systems BiologyConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat de ValènciaPaternaSpain
| | - José‐Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de PlantasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
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von Rennenberg R, Nolte CH, Liman TG, Hellwig S, Riegler C, Scheitz JF, Georgakis MK, Fang R, Bode FJ, Petzold GC, Hermann P, Zerr I, Goertler M, Bernkopf K, Wunderlich S, Dichgans M, Endres M. High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T and Cognitive Function Over 12 Months After Stroke-Results of the DEMDAS Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033439. [PMID: 38456438 PMCID: PMC11010029 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical myocardial injury in form of hs-cTn (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin) levels has been associated with cognitive impairment and imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) in population-based and cardiovascular cohorts. Whether hs-cTn is associated with domain-specific cognitive decline and SVD burden in patients with stroke remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed patients with acute stroke without premorbid dementia from the prospective multicenter DEMDAS (DZNE [German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease]-Mechanisms of Dementia after Stroke) study. Patients underwent neuropsychological testing 6 and 12 months after the index event. Test results were classified into 5 cognitive domains (language, memory, executive function, attention, and visuospatial function). SVD markers (lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, white matter hyperintensities, and enlarged perivascular spaces) were assessed on cranial magnetic resonance imaging to constitute a global SVD score. We examined the association between hs-cTnT (hs-cTn T levels) and cognitive domains as well as the global SVD score and individual SVD markers, respectively. Measurement of cognitive and SVD-marker analyses were performed in 385 and 466 patients with available hs-cTnT levels, respectively. In analyses adjusted for demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and cognitive status at baseline, higher hs-cTnT was negatively associated with the cognitive domains "attention" up to 12 months of follow-up (beta-coefficient, -0.273 [95% CI, -0.436 to -0.109]) and "executive function" after 12 months. Higher hs-cTnT was associated with the global SVD score (adjusted odds ratio, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.27-3.00]) and the white matter hyperintensities and lacune subscores. CONCLUSIONS In patients with stroke, hs-cTnT is associated with a higher burden of SVD markers and cognitive function in domains linked to vascular cognitive impairment. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01334749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina von Rennenberg
- Department of Neurology (Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Christian H. Nolte
- Department of Neurology (Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz‐Kreislaufforschung), partner site Berlin, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation AcademyBerlinGermany
| | - Thomas G. Liman
- Department of Neurology (Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health SciencesCarl von Ossietzky University of OldenburgOldenburgGermany
| | - Simon Hellwig
- Department of Neurology (Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation AcademyBerlinGermany
| | - Christoph Riegler
- Department of Neurology (Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Jan F. Scheitz
- Department of Neurology (Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz‐Kreislaufforschung), partner site Berlin, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation AcademyBerlinGermany
| | - Marios K. Georgakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), partner site MunichMunichGermany
| | - Rong Fang
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), partner site MunichMunichGermany
| | - Felix J. Bode
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Gabor C. Petzold
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), partner site BonnBonnGermany
| | - Peter Hermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - Inga Zerr
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - Michael Goertler
- Department of NeurologyMagdeburg University Vascular and Stroke CentreMagdeburgGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), partner site MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Kathleen Bernkopf
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Silke Wunderlich
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), partner site MunichMunichGermany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology (Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz‐Kreislaufforschung), partner site Berlin, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation AcademyBerlinGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
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7
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Trogisch FA, Koser F, Michel S, Liem DA, Florea BI, Hecker M, Drews O. Genetic ablation of Lmp2 increases the susceptibility for impaired cardiac function. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1148948. [PMID: 38516190 PMCID: PMC10955435 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1148948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteasome degradation is an integral part of cellular growth and function. Proteasomal intervention may mitigate adverse myocardial remodeling, but is associated with the onset of heart failure. Previously, we have demonstrated that increasing abundance of cardiac Lmp2 and its incorporation into proteasome complexes is an endogenous mechanism for proteasome regulation during hypertrophic remodeling of the heart induced by chronic ß-adrenoreceptor stimulation. Here, we investigated whether Lmp2 is required for myocardial remodeling not driven by inflammation and show that Lmp2 is a tipping element for growth and function in the heart but not for proteasome insufficiency. While it has no apparent impact under unchallenged conditions, myocardial remodeling without Lmp2 exacerbates hypertrophy and restricts cardiac function. Under chronic ß-adrenoreceptor stimulation, as seen in the development of cardiovascular disease and the manifestation of heart failure, genetic ablation of Lmp2 in mice caused augmented concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle. While the heart rate was similarly elevated as in wildtype, myocardial contractility was not maintained without Lmp2, and apparently uncoupled of the ß-adrenergic response. Normalized to the exacerbated myocardial mass, contractility was reduced by 41% of the pretreatment level, but would appear preserved at absolute level. The lack of Lmp2 interfered with elevated 26S proteasome activities during early cardiac remodeling reported previously, but did not cause bulk proteasome insufficiency, suggesting the Lmp2 containing proteasome subpopulation is required for a selected group of proteins to be degraded. In the myocardial interstitium, augmented collagen deposition suggested matrix stiffening in the absence of Lmp2. Indeed, echocardiography of left ventricular peak relaxation velocity (circumferential strain rate) was reduced in this treatment group. Overall, targeting Lmp2 in a condition mimicking chronic ß-adrenoreceptor stimulation exhibited the onset of heart failure. Anticancer therapy inhibiting proteasome activity, including Lmp2, is associated with adverse cardiac events, in particular heart failure. Sparing Lmp2 may be an avenue to reduce adverse cardiac events when chronic sympathetic nervous system activation cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A. Trogisch
- European Center for Angioscience, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Koser
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Synje Michel
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David A. Liem
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bogdan I. Florea
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Drews
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Center for Medical Research, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
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Ramos J, Segura A. Microbial biotechnology and beyond: A roadmap for sustainable development and climate mitigation in the transition from fossil fuels to green chemistry. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14434. [PMID: 38465780 PMCID: PMC10926174 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Our planet, which operates as a closed system, is facing increasing entropy due to human activities such as the overexploitation of natural resources and fossil fuel use. The COP28 in Dubai emphasized the urgency to abandon fossil fuels, recognizing them as the primary cause of human-induced environmental changes, while highlighting the need to transition to renewable energies. We promote the crucial role of microbes for sustaining biogenic cycles to combat climate change and the economic potential of synthetic biology tools for producing diverse non-fossil fuels and chemicals, thus contributing to emission reduction in transport and industry. The shift to 'green chemistry' encounters challenges, derived from the availability of non-food residues and waste (mainly lignocellulosic) as raw material, the construction of cost-effective bioprocessing plants, product recovery from fermentation broths and the utilization of leftover lignin residues for synthesizing new chemicals, aligning with circular economy and sustainable development goals. To meet the Paris Agreement goals, an urgent global shift to low-carbon, renewable sources is imperative, ultimately leading to the cessation of our reliance on fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan‐Luis Ramos
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasEstación Experimental del ZaidínGranadaSpain
| | - Ana Segura
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasEstación Experimental del ZaidínGranadaSpain
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Handing G, Straneo M, Agossou C, Wanduru P, Kandeya B, Abeid MS, Annerstedt KS, Hanson C. Birth asphyxia and its association with grand multiparity and referral among hospital births: A prospective cross-sectional study in Benin, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:590-601. [PMID: 38183308 PMCID: PMC10867390 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Birth asphyxia is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The relationship to grand multiparity (GM), a controversial pregnancy risk factor, remains largely unexplored, especially in the context of large multinational studies. We investigated birth asphyxia and its association with GM and referral in Benin, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a perinatal e-Registry in 16 hospitals (four per country). The study population consisted of 80 663 babies (>1000 g, >28 weeks' gestational age) delivered between July 2021 and December 2022. The primary outcome was birth asphyxia, defined by 5-minute appearance, pulse, grimace, activity and respiration score <7. A multilevel and stratified multivariate logistic regression was performed with GM (parity ≥5) as exposure, and birth asphyxia as outcome. An interaction between referral (none, prepartum, intrapartum) and GM was also evaluated as a secondary outcome. All models were adjusted for confounders. CLINICAL TRIAL Pan African Clinical Trial Registry 202006793783148. RESULTS Birth asphyxia was present in 7.0% (n = 5612) of babies. More babies with birth asphyxia were born to grand multiparous women (11.9%) than to other parity groups (≤7.6%). Among the 76 850 cases included in the analysis, grand multiparous women had a 1.34 times higher odds of birth asphyxia (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-1.54) vs para one to two. Grand multiparous women referred intrapartum had the highest probability of asphyxiation (13.02%, 95% CI 9.34-16.69). GM increased odds of birth asphyxia in Benin (odds ratio [OR] 1.37, 95% CI 1.13-1.68) and Uganda (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.64), but was non-significant in Tanzania (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.81-2.56) and Malawi (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.67-1.44). CONCLUSIONS There is some evidence of an increased risk of birth asphyxia for grand multiparous women having babies at hospitals, especially following intrapartum referral. Antenatal counseling should recognize grand multiparity as higher risk and advise appropriate childbirth facilities. Findings in Malawi suggest an advantage of health systems configuration requiring further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Handing
- Department of Global Public HealthKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Manuela Straneo
- Department of Global Public HealthKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Christian Agossou
- Department of StatisticsCenter for Research in Human Reproduction and DemographyCotonouBenin
| | - Phillip Wanduru
- School of Public HealthMakerere University College of Health SciencesMulago KampalaUganda
| | - Bianca Kandeya
- Center for Reproductive HealthKamuzu University of Health SciencesChichiriMalawi
| | - Muzdalifat S. Abeid
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAga Khan UniversityDar es SalaamTanzania
| | | | - Claudia Hanson
- Department of Global Public HealthKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Disease ControlLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonEngland
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van Gennip ACE, van Sloten TT, Fayosse A, Sabia S, Singh‐Manoux A. Age at cardiovascular disease onset, dementia risk, and the role of lifestyle factors. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1693-1702. [PMID: 38085549 PMCID: PMC10947967 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We first examined the role of age at cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset for incident dementia, and then examined whether lifestyle factors at guideline-recommended levels in individuals with CVD mitigates dementia risk. METHODS We used population-based data (Whitehall II: n = 10,308/baseline 1985-1988/examinations every 4-5 years). Lifestyle factors (non-smoking, body mass index [BMI], physical activity, diet) were extracted post-CVD. RESULTS Over a median of 31.6 years, 3275 (32.1%) developed CVD. At age 70, risk of dementia was higher in individuals with CVD onset before (hazard ratio [HR] of incident dementia for participants with CVD before age 60, using participants without CVD at age 70 as the reference: 1.56, 95% confidence interal [CI] 1.18-2.08) but not after 60 years. In participants with CVD, a greater number of lifestyle factors at recommended levels post-CVD was associated with a lower dementia risk (per lifestyle factor at recommended level HR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.59-0.92). DISCUSSION Our results suggest that early onset CVD is associated with a higher dementia risk at older ages. In those with CVD, the dementia risk was lower if lifestyle factors are at recommended levels following CVD diagnosis. HIGHLIGHTS CVD in midlife but not in late life is associated with a higher risk of dementia. Dementia risk in CVD patients is lower if their lifestyle factors are at recommended levels. These findings provide evidence to promote CVD prevention in midlife or earlier. Study findings also show the importance of a healthy lifestyle in those with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- April C. E. van Gennip
- Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Inserm U1153Université Paris CitéParisFrance
- Department of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas T. van Sloten
- Department of Vascular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Aurore Fayosse
- Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Inserm U1153Université Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Séverine Sabia
- Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Inserm U1153Université Paris CitéParisFrance
- Faculty of Brain SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Archana Singh‐Manoux
- Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Inserm U1153Université Paris CitéParisFrance
- Faculty of Brain SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Maity A, Wulffelé J, Ayala I, Favier A, Adam V, Bourgeois D, Brutscher B. Structural Heterogeneity in a Phototransformable Fluorescent Protein Impacts its Photochemical Properties. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306272. [PMID: 38146132 PMCID: PMC10933604 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Photoconvertible fluorescent proteins (PCFP) are important cellular markers in advanced imaging modalities such as photoactivatable localization microscopy (PALM). However, their complex photophysical and photochemical behavior hampers applications such as quantitative and single-particle-tracking PALM. This work employs multidimensional NMR combined with ensemble fluorescence measurements to show that the popular mEos4b in its Green state populates two conformations (A and B), differing in side-chain protonation of the conserved residues E212 and H62, altering the hydrogen-bond network in the chromophore pocket. The interconversion (protonation/deprotonation) between these two states, which occurs on the minutes time scale in the dark, becomes strongly accelerated in the presence of UV light, leading to a population shift. This work shows that the reversible photoswitching and Green-to-Red photoconversion properties differ between the A and B states. The chromophore in the A-state photoswitches more efficiently and is proposed to be more prone to photoconversion, while the B-state shows a higher level of photobleaching. Altogether, this data highlights the central role of conformational heterogeneity in fluorescent protein photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Maity
- CEACNRSInstitut de Biologie Structurale (IBS)Université Grenoble Alpes71 avenue des Martyrs, Cedex 9Grenoble38044France
| | - Jip Wulffelé
- CEACNRSInstitut de Biologie Structurale (IBS)Université Grenoble Alpes71 avenue des Martyrs, Cedex 9Grenoble38044France
| | - Isabel Ayala
- CEACNRSInstitut de Biologie Structurale (IBS)Université Grenoble Alpes71 avenue des Martyrs, Cedex 9Grenoble38044France
| | - Adrien Favier
- CEACNRSInstitut de Biologie Structurale (IBS)Université Grenoble Alpes71 avenue des Martyrs, Cedex 9Grenoble38044France
| | - Virgile Adam
- CEACNRSInstitut de Biologie Structurale (IBS)Université Grenoble Alpes71 avenue des Martyrs, Cedex 9Grenoble38044France
| | - Dominique Bourgeois
- CEACNRSInstitut de Biologie Structurale (IBS)Université Grenoble Alpes71 avenue des Martyrs, Cedex 9Grenoble38044France
| | - Bernhard Brutscher
- CEACNRSInstitut de Biologie Structurale (IBS)Université Grenoble Alpes71 avenue des Martyrs, Cedex 9Grenoble38044France
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Silva MP, Oliveira C, Prieto R, Silva MA, New L, Pérez‐Jorge S. Bioenergetic modelling of a marine top predator's responses to changes in prey structure. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11135. [PMID: 38529024 PMCID: PMC10961477 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining how animals allocate energy, and how external factors influence this allocation, is crucial to understand species' life history requirements and response to disturbance. This response is driven in part by individuals' energy balance, prey characteristics, foraging behaviour and energy required for essential functions. We developed a bioenergetic model to estimate minimum foraging success rate (FSR), that is, the lowest possible prey capture rate for individuals to obtain the minimum energy intake needed to meet daily metabolic requirements, for female sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). The model was based on whales' theoretical energetic requirements using foraging and prey characteristics from animal-borne tags and stomach contents, respectively. We used this model to simulate two prey structure change scenarios: (1) decrease in mean prey size, thus lower prey energy content and (2) decrease in prey size variability, reducing the variability in prey energy content. We estimate the whales need minimum of ~14% FSR to meet their energetic requirements, and energy intake is more sensitive to energy content changes than a decrease in energy variability. To estimate vulnerability to prey structure changes, we evaluated the compensation level required to meet bioenergetic demands. Considering a minimum 14% FSR, whales would need to increase energy intake by 21% (5-35%) and 49% (27-67%) to compensate for a 15% and 30% decrease in energy content, respectively. For a 30% and 50% decrease in energy variability, whales would need to increase energy intake by 13% (0-23%) and 24% (10-35%) to meet energetic demands, respectively. Our model demonstrates how foraging and prey characteristics can be used to estimate impact of changing prey structure in top predator energetics, which can help inform bottom-up effects on marine ecosystems. We showed the importance of considering different FSR in bioenergetics models, as it can have decisive implications on estimates of energy acquired and affect the conclusions about top predator's vulnerability to possible environmental fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P. Silva
- Institute of Marine Sciences – OKEANOSUniversity of the AzoresHortaPortugal
- Institute of Marine Research – IMARHortaPortugal
| | - Cláudia Oliveira
- Institute of Marine Sciences – OKEANOSUniversity of the AzoresHortaPortugal
- Institute of Marine Research – IMARHortaPortugal
| | - Rui Prieto
- Institute of Marine Sciences – OKEANOSUniversity of the AzoresHortaPortugal
- Institute of Marine Research – IMARHortaPortugal
| | - Mónica A. Silva
- Institute of Marine Sciences – OKEANOSUniversity of the AzoresHortaPortugal
- Institute of Marine Research – IMARHortaPortugal
| | - Leslie New
- Department of Mathematics and Computer ScienceUrsinus CollegeCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sergi Pérez‐Jorge
- Institute of Marine Sciences – OKEANOSUniversity of the AzoresHortaPortugal
- Institute of Marine Research – IMARHortaPortugal
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Killen BA, Van Rossom S, Burg F, Vander Sloten J, Jonkers I. In-silico techniques to inform and improve the personalized prescription of shoe insoles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1351403. [PMID: 38464541 PMCID: PMC10920237 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1351403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Corrective shoe insoles are prescribed for a range of foot deformities and are typically designed based on a subjective assessment limiting personalization and potentially leading to sub optimal treatment outcomes. The incorporation of in silico techniques in the design and customization of insoles may improve personalized correction and hence insole efficiency. Methods: We developed an in silico workflow for insole design and customization using a combination of measured motion capture, inverse musculoskeletal modelling as well as forward simulation approaches to predict the kinematic response to specific insole designs. The developed workflow was tested on twenty-seven participants containing a combination of healthy participants (7) and patients with flatfoot deformity (20). Results: Average error between measured and simulated kinematics were 4.7 ± 3.1, 4.5 ± 3.1, 2.3 ± 2.3, and 2.3 ± 2.7° for the chopart obliquity, chopart anterior-posterior axis, tarsometatarsal first ray, and tarsometatarsal fifth ray joints respectively. Discussion: The developed workflow offers distinct advantages to previous modeling workflows such as speed of use, use of more accessible data, use of only open-source software, and is highly automated. It provides a solid basis for future work on improving predictive accuracy by adapting the currently implemented insole model and incorporating additional data such as plantar pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A. Killen
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Fien Burg
- Materialise Motion, Materialise, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Vander Sloten
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium
| | - Ilse Jonkers
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Almeida MJ, Barata AM, De Haan S, Joshi BK, Brehm JM, Yazbek M, Maxted N. Towards a practical threat assessment methodology for crop landraces. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1336876. [PMID: 38455728 PMCID: PMC10917973 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1336876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Crop landraces (LR), the traditional varieties of crops that have been maintained for millennia by repeated cycles of planting, harvesting, and selection, are genetically diverse compared to more modern varieties and provide one of the key components for crop improvement due to the ease of trait transfer within the crop species. However, LR diversity is increasingly threatened with genetic erosion and extinction by replacement with improved cultivars, lack of incentives for farmers to maintain traditional agricultural systems, and rising threats from climate change. Their active conservation is necessary to maintain this critical resource. However, as there are hundreds of thousands of LR and millions of LR populations for crops globally, active conservation is complex and resource-intensive. To assist in implementation, it is useful to be able to prioritise LR for conservation action and an obvious means of prioritisation is based on relative threat assessment. There have been several attempts to propose LR threat assessment methods, but none thus far has been widely accepted or applied. The aim of this paper is to present a novel, practical, standardised, and objective methodology for LR threat assessment derived from the widely applied IUCN Red Listing for wild species, involving the collation of time series information for LR population range, LR population trend, market, and farmer characteristics and LR context information. The collated information is compared to a set of threat criteria and an appropriate threat category is assigned to the LR when a threshold level is reached. The proposed methodology can be applied at national, regional, or global levels and any crop group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Almeida
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Maria Barata
- Banco Português de Germoplasma Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Braga, Portugal
| | - Stef De Haan
- Andean Food Systems, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru
| | - Bal Krishna Joshi
- National Gene Bank, National Agricultural Research Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Joana Magos Brehm
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Banco Português de Germoplasma Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana Yazbek
- Genebank, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Terbol, Lebanon
| | - Nigel Maxted
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Geurts F, Chaker L, van der Burgh AC, Cronin‐Fenton D, Fenton RA, Hoorn EJ. Urinary Prostaglandin E2 Excretion and the Risk of Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032835. [PMID: 38362883 PMCID: PMC11010119 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with cardiovascular mortality and kidney disease. This study hypothesizes that urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2 metabolite (PGEM) excretions are markers of cardiovascular and kidney health, because they reflect both systemic and kidney-derived PGE2 production. METHODS AND RESULTS PGE2 and PGEM were measured in spot urine samples from 2291 participants (≥55 years old) of the population-based Rotterdam Study. Urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretions were analyzed using linear regression analyses to identify cross-sectional associations with cardiovascular risk factors and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Longitudinal associations with cardiovascular mortality and kidney outcomes (eGFR <60 or <45 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and the composite outcome 40% eGFR loss or kidney failure) were assessed with Cox regression. Urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretions were higher with increasing age, lower eGFR, smoking, diabetes, and albuminuria. A 2-fold higher urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretion was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (28 825 patient-years; 160 events; PGE2 hazard ratio [HR], 1.27, [95% CI, 1.06-1.54]; PGEM HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.10-1.67]). Higher PGE2 excretions were also associated with a higher risk of incident eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (31 530 person-years; 691 events; HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.02-1.25]) with similar HRs for the other kidney outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretions are novel markers for the presence and progression of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Future studies should address whether these associations are causal and can be targeted to improve cardiovascular and kidney outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Geurts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical CenterUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical CenterUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical CenterUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical CenterUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anna C. van der Burgh
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical CenterUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Deirdre Cronin‐Fenton
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus University Hospital and Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Ewout J. Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical CenterUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Rosenberger A, Crossland RE, Dressel R, Kube D, Wolff D, Wulf G, Bickeböller H, Dickinson A, Holler E. A genome-wide association study on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation reveals novel genomic loci associated with transplant outcomes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1280876. [PMID: 38384455 PMCID: PMC10879589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1280876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Data on genomic susceptibility for adverse outcomes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for recipients are scarce. Methods We performed a genome wide association study (GWAS) to identify genes associated with survival/mortality, relapse, and severe graft-versus-host disease (sGvHD), fitting proportional hazard and subdistributional models to data of n=1,392 recipients of European ancestry from three centres. Results The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17154454, intronic to the neuronal growth guidant semaphorin 3C gene (SEMA3C), was genome-wide significantly associated with event-free survival (p=7.0x10-8) and sGvHD (p=7.5x10-8). Further associations were detected for SNPs in the Paxillin gene (PXN) with death without prior relapse or sGvHD, as well as for SNPs of the Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 gene (PVT1, a long non-coding RNA gene), the Melanocortin 5 Receptor (MC5R) gene and the WW Domain Containing Oxidoreductase gene (WWOX), all associated with the occurrence of sGvHD. Functional considerations support the observed associations. Discussion Thus, new genes were identified, potentially influencing the outcome of HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Rosenberger
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rachel E. Crossland
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Kube
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Wulf
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heike Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Dickinson
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Montagud‐Martínez R, Márquez‐Costa R, Heras‐Hernández M, Dolcemascolo R, Rodrigo G. On the ever-growing functional versatility of the CRISPR-Cas13 system. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14418. [PMID: 38381083 PMCID: PMC10880580 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems evolved in prokaryotes to implement a powerful antiviral immune response as a result of sequence-specific targeting by ribonucleoproteins. One of such systems consists of an RNA-guided RNA endonuclease, known as CRISPR-Cas13. In very recent years, this system is being repurposed in different ways in order to decipher and engineer gene expression programmes. Here, we discuss the functional versatility of the CRISPR-Cas13 system, which includes the ability for RNA silencing, RNA editing, RNA tracking, nucleic acid detection and translation regulation. This functional palette makes the CRISPR-Cas13 system a relevant tool in the broad field of systems and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Montagud‐Martínez
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)CSIC – University of ValenciaPaternaSpain
| | - Rosa Márquez‐Costa
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)CSIC – University of ValenciaPaternaSpain
| | - María Heras‐Hernández
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)CSIC – University of ValenciaPaternaSpain
| | - Roswitha Dolcemascolo
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)CSIC – University of ValenciaPaternaSpain
| | - Guillermo Rodrigo
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)CSIC – University of ValenciaPaternaSpain
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Pagano A, Gomes C, Timmerman E, Sulima P, Przyborowski JA, Kruszka D, Impens F, Paiva JAP. Revealing the transitory and local effect of zebularine on development and on proteome dynamics of Salix purpurea. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1304327. [PMID: 38298602 PMCID: PMC10827895 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1304327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction DNA methylation plays major roles in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, transposon and transcriptional silencing, and DNA repair, with implications in developmental processes and phenotypic plasticity. Relevantly for woody species, DNA methylation constitutes a regulative layer in cell wall dynamics associated with xylogenesis. The use of methyltransferase and/or demethylase inhibitors has been proven informative to shed light on the methylome dynamics behind the regulation of these processes. Methods The present work employs the cytidine analog zebularine to inhibit DNA methyltransferases and induce DNA hypomethylation in Salix purpurea plantlets grown in vitro and in soil. An integrative approach was adopted to highlight the effects of zebularine on proteomic dynamics, revealing age-specific (3 weeks of in vitro culture and 1 month of growth in soil) and tissue-specific (stem and root) effects. Results and discussion After 3 weeks of recovery from zebularine treatment, a decrease of 5-mC levels was observed in different genomic contexts in the roots of explants that were exposed to zebularine, whereas a functionally heterogeneous subset of protein entries was differentially accumulated in stem samples, including entries related to cell wall biosynthesis, tissue morphogenesis, and hormonal regulation. Significant proteomic remodeling was revealed in the development from in vitro to in-soil culture, but no significant changes in 5-mC levels were observed. The identification of tissue-specific proteomic hallmarks in combination with hypomethylating agents provides new insights into the role of DNA methylation and proteome in early plant development in willow species. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD045653. WGBS data are available under BioProject accession PRJNA889596.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pagano
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Carolina Gomes
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Evy Timmerman
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paweł Sulima
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jerzy Andrzej Przyborowski
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kruszka
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorge Almiro Pinto Paiva
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Katopodi T, Petanidis S, Anestakis D, Charalampidis C, Chatziprodromidou I, Floros G, Eskitzis P, Zarogoulidis P, Koulouris C, Sevva C, Papadopoulos K, Dagher M, Karakousis VA, Varsamis N, Theodorou V, Mystakidou CM, Vlassopoulos K, Kosmidis S, Katsios NI, Farmakis K, Kosmidis C. Tumor cell metabolic reprogramming and hypoxic immunosuppression: driving carcinogenesis to metastatic colonization. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1325360. [PMID: 38292487 PMCID: PMC10824957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A significant factor in the antitumor immune response is the increased metabolic reprogramming of immunological and malignant cells. Increasing data points to the fact that cancer metabolism affects not just cancer signaling, which is essential for maintaining carcinogenesis and survival, but also the expression of immune cells and immune-related factors such as lactate, PGE2, arginine, IDO, which regulate the antitumor immune signaling mechanism. In reality, this energetic interaction between the immune system and the tumor results in metabolic competition in the tumor ecosystem, limiting the amount of nutrients available and causing microenvironmental acidosis, which impairs the ability of immune cells to operate. More intriguingly, different types of immune cells use metabolic reprogramming to keep the body and self in a state of homeostasis. The process of immune cell proliferation, differentiation, and performance of effector functions, which is crucial to the immune response, are currently being linked to metabolic reprogramming. Here, we cover the regulation of the antitumor immune response by metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and immune cells as well as potential strategies for metabolic pathway targeting in the context of anticancer immunotherapy. We also discuss prospective immunotherapy-metabolic intervention combinations that might be utilized to maximize the effectiveness of current immunotherapy regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Katopodi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Savvas Petanidis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Doxakis Anestakis
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - George Floros
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | | | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charilaos Koulouris
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Sevva
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Papadopoulos
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marios Dagher
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Varsamis
- Department of Surgery, Interbalkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Theodorou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysi Maria Mystakidou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vlassopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stylianos Kosmidis
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Konstantinos Farmakis
- Pediatric Surgery Clinic, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “G. Gennimatas”, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christoforos Kosmidis
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Berkner MO, Weise S, Reif JC, Schulthess AW. Genomic prediction reveals unexplored variation in grain protein and lysine content across a vast winter wheat genebank collection. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1270298. [PMID: 38273944 PMCID: PMC10808176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1270298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Globally, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major source of proteins in human nutrition despite its unbalanced amino acid composition. The low lysine content in the protein fraction of wheat can lead to protein-energy-malnutrition prominently in developing countries. A promising strategy to overcome this problem is to breed varieties which combine high protein content with high lysine content. Nevertheless, this requires the incorporation of yet undefined donor genotypes into pre-breeding programs. Genebank collections are suspected to harbor the needed genetic diversity. In the 1970s, a large-scale screening of protein traits was conducted for the wheat genebank collection in Gatersleben; however, this data has been poorly mined so far. In the present study, a large historical dataset on protein content and lysine content of 4,971 accessions was curated, strictly corrected for outliers as well as for unreplicated data and consolidated as the corresponding adjusted entry means. Four genomic prediction approaches were compared based on the ability to accurately predict the traits of interest. High-quality phenotypic data of 558 accessions was leveraged by engaging the best performing prediction model, namely EG-BLUP. Finally, this publication incorporates predicted phenotypes of 7,651 accessions of the winter wheat collection. Five accessions were proposed as donor genotypes due to the combination of outstanding high protein content as well as lysine content. Further investigation of the passport data suggested an association of the adjusted lysine content with the elevation of the collecting site. This publicly available information can facilitate future pre-breeding activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel O. Berkner
- Breeding Research Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Stephan Weise
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Jochen C. Reif
- Breeding Research Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Albert W. Schulthess
- Breeding Research Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
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Cerdán L, Álvarez B, Fernández LÁ. Massive integration of large gene libraries in the chromosome of Escherichia coli. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14367. [PMID: 37971317 PMCID: PMC10832519 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Large gene libraries are frequently created in Escherichia coli plasmids, which can induce cell toxicity and expression instability due to the high gene dosage. To address these limitations, gene libraries can be integrated in a single copy into the bacterial chromosome. Here, we describe an efficient system for the massive integration (MAIN) of large gene libraries in the E. coli chromosome that generates in-frame gene fusions that are expressed stably. MAIN uses a thermosensitive integrative plasmid that is linearized in vivo to promote extensive integration of the gene library via homologous recombination. Positive and negative selections efficiently remove bacteria lacking gene integration in the target site. We tested MAIN with a library of 107 VHH genes that encode nanobodies (Nbs). The integration of VHH genes into a custom target locus of the E. coli chromosome enabled stable expression and surface display of the Nbs. Next-generation DNA sequencing confirmed that MAIN preserved the diversity of the gene library after integration. Finally, we screened the integrated library to select Nbs that bind a specific antigen using magnetic and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. This allowed us to identify Nbs binding the epidermal growth factor receptor that were not previously isolated in a similar screening of a multicopy plasmid library. Our results demonstrate that MAIN enables large gene library integration into the E. coli chromosome, creating stably expressed in-frame fusions for functional screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Cerdán
- Department of Microbial BiotechnologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Beatriz Álvarez
- Department of Microbial BiotechnologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Luis Ángel Fernández
- Department of Microbial BiotechnologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
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Moreddu R. Nanotechnology and Cancer Bioelectricity: Bridging the Gap Between Biology and Translational Medicine. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2304110. [PMID: 37984883 PMCID: PMC10767462 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectricity is the electrical activity that occurs within living cells and tissues. This activity is critical for regulating homeostatic cellular function and communication, and disruptions of the same can lead to a variety of conditions, including cancer. Cancer cells are known to exhibit abnormal electrical properties compared to their healthy counterparts, and this has driven researchers to investigate the potential of harnessing bioelectricity as a tool in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In parallel, bioelectricity represents one of the means to gain fundamental insights on how electrical signals and charges play a role in cancer insurgence, growth, and progression. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature in this field, addressing the fundamentals of bioelectricity in single cancer cells, cancer cell cohorts, and cancerous tissues. The emerging role of bioelectricity in cancer proliferation and metastasis is introduced. Based on the acknowledgement that this biological information is still hard to access due to the existing gap between biological findings and translational medicine, the latest advancements in the field of nanotechnologies for cellular electrophysiology are examined, as well as the most recent developments in micro- and nano-devices for cancer diagnostics and therapy targeting bioelectricity.
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Groth C, Maric J, Garcés Lázaro I, Hofman T, Zhang Z, Ni Y, Keller F, Seufert I, Hofmann M, Neumann-Haefelin C, Sticht C, Rippe K, Urban S, Cerwenka A. Hepatitis D infection induces IFN-β-mediated NK cell activation and TRAIL-dependent cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1287367. [PMID: 38143742 PMCID: PMC10739304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The co-infection of hepatitis B (HBV) patients with the hepatitis D virus (HDV) causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis and thus drastically worsens the course of the disease. Therapy options for HBV/HDV patients are still limited. Here, we investigated the potential of natural killer (NK) cells that are crucial drivers of the innate immune response against viruses to target HDV-infected hepatocytes. Methods We established in vitro co-culture models using HDV-infected hepatoma cell lines and human peripheral blood NK cells. We determined NK cell activation by flow cytometry, transcriptome analysis, bead-based cytokine immunoassays, and NK cell-mediated effects on T cells by flow cytometry. We validated the mechanisms using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene deletions. Moreover, we assessed the frequencies and phenotype of NK cells in peripheral blood of HBV and HDV superinfected patients. Results Upon co-culture with HDV-infected hepatic cell lines, NK cells upregulated activation markers, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) including the death receptor ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), produced interferon (IFN)-γ and eliminated HDV-infected cells via the TRAIL-TRAIL-R2 axis. We identified IFN-β released by HDV-infected cells as an important enhancer of NK cell activity. In line with our in vitro data, we observed activation of peripheral blood NK cells from HBV/HDV co-infected, but not HBV mono-infected patients. Conclusion Our data demonstrate NK cell activation in HDV infection and their potential to eliminate HDV-infected hepatoma cells via the TRAIL/TRAIL-R2 axis which implies a high relevance of NK cells for the design of novel anti-viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Groth
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jovana Maric
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Irene Garcés Lázaro
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tomáš Hofman
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yi Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZFI) - Heidelberg Partner Site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Keller
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Seufert
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karsten Rippe
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Urban
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZFI) - Heidelberg Partner Site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Vergara EJ, Tran AC, Kim MY, Mussá T, Paul MJ, Harrison T, Reljic R. Mucosal and systemic immune responses after a single intranasal dose of nanoparticle and spore-based subunit vaccines in mice with pre-existing lung mycobacterial immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1306449. [PMID: 38130713 PMCID: PMC10733481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1306449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health threat that claims more than one million lives annually. With a quarter of the global population harbouring latent TB, post-exposure vaccination aimed at high-risk populations that could develop active TB disease would be of great public health benefit. Mucosal vaccination is an attractive approach for a predominantly lung disease like TB because it elicits both local and systemic immunity. However, the immunological consequence of mucosal immunisation in the presence of existing lung immunity remains largely unexplored. Using a mycobacterial pre-exposure mouse model, we assessed whether pre-existing mucosal and systemic immune responses can be boosted and/or qualitatively altered by intranasal administration of spore- and nanoparticle-based subunit vaccines. Analysis of lung T cell responses revealed an increasing trend in the frequency of important CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets, and T effector memory cells with a Th1 cytokine (IFNγ and TNFα) signature among immunised mice. Additionally, significantly greater antigen specific Th1, Th17 and IL-10 responses, and antigen-induced T cell proliferation were seen from the spleens of immunised mice. Measurement of antigen-specific IgG and IgA from blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid also revealed enhanced systemic and local humoral immune responses among immunised animals. Lastly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from the TB-endemic country of Mozambique show that individuals with LTBI showed significantly greater CD4 T cell reactivity to the vaccine candidate as compared to healthy controls. These results support further testing of Spore-FP1 and Nano-FP1 as post-exposure TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Joseph Vergara
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Cano Tran
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tufária Mussá
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Matthew J. Paul
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Harrison
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Badami GD, La Manna MP, Di Carlo P, Stanek O, Linhartova I, Caccamo N, Sebo P, Dieli F. Delivery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis epitopes by Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxoid expands HLA-E-restricted cytotoxic CD8 + T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1289212. [PMID: 38106407 PMCID: PMC10722248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) remains the first cause of death from infection caused by a bacterial pathogen. Chemotherapy does not eradicate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) from human lungs, and the pathogen causes a latent tuberculosis infection that cannot be prevented by the currently available Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine, which is ineffective in the prevention of pulmonary TB in adults. HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T lymphocytes are essential players in protective immune responses against Mtb. Hence, expanding this population in vivo or ex vivo may be crucial for vaccination or immunotherapy against TB. Methods The enzymatically inactive Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase (CyaA) toxoid is an effective tool for delivering peptide epitopes into the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells (APC) for presentation and stimulation of specific CD8+ T-cell responses. In this study, we have investigated the capacity of the CyaA toxoid to deliver Mtb epitopes known to bind HLA-E for the expansion of human CD8+ T cells in vitro. Results Our results show that the CyaA-toxoid containing five HLA-E-restricted Mtb epitopes causes significant expansion of HLA-E-restricted antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, which produce IFN-γ and exert significant cytotoxic activity towards peptide-pulsed macrophages. Discussion HLA-E represents a promising platform for the development of new vaccines; our study indicates that the CyaA construct represents a suitable delivery system of the HLA-E-binding Mtb epitopes for ex vivo and in vitro expansion of HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cells inducing a predominant Tc1 cytokine profile with a significant increase of IFN-γ production, for prophylactic and immunotherapeutic applications against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusto D. Badami
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco P. La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Di Carlo
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ondrej Stanek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogen, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Irena Linhartova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogen, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter Sebo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogen, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Howard SA, Carr CM, Sbahtu HI, Onwukwe U, López MJ, Dobson ADW, McCarthy RR. Enrichment of native plastic-associated biofilm communities to enhance polyester degrading activity. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2698-2718. [PMID: 37515381 PMCID: PMC10947123 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is an increasing worldwide problem urgently requiring a solution. While recycling rates are increasing globally, only 9% of all plastic waste has been recycled, and with the cost and limited downstream uses of recycled plastic, an alternative is needed. Here, we found that expanded polystyrene (EPS) promoted high levels of bacterial biofilm formation and sought out environmental EPS waste to characterize these native communities. We demonstrated that the EPS attached communities had limited plastic degrading activity. We then performed a long-term enrichment experiment where we placed a robust selection pressure on these communities by limiting carbon availability such that the waste plastic was the only carbon source. Seven of the resulting enriched bacterial communities had increased plastic degrading activity compared to the starting bacterial communities. Pseudomonas stutzeri was predominantly identified in six of the seven enriched communities as the strongest polyester degrader. Sequencing of one isolate of P. stutzeri revealed two putative polyesterases and one putative MHETase. This indicates that waste plastic-associated biofilms are a source for bacteria that have plastic-degrading potential, and that this potential can be unlocked through selective pressure and further in vitro enrichment experiments, resulting in biodegradative communities that are better than nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A. Howard
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life SciencesBrunel University LondonUxbridgeUK
| | - Clodagh M. Carr
- School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- SSPC‐SFI Research Centre for PharmaceuticalsUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Habteab Isaack Sbahtu
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life SciencesBrunel University LondonUxbridgeUK
| | - Uchechukwu Onwukwe
- Experimental Techniques Centre, College of Engineering, Design and Physical SciencesBrunel University LondonUxbridgeUK
| | - Maria J. López
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II‐BUniversity of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITALAlmeriaSpain
| | - Alan D. W. Dobson
- School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- SSPC‐SFI Research Centre for PharmaceuticalsUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Ronan R. McCarthy
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life SciencesBrunel University LondonUxbridgeUK
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Thompson MSA, Couce E, Schratzberger M, Lynam CP. Climate change affects the distribution of diversity across marine food webs. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:6606-6619. [PMID: 37814904 PMCID: PMC10946503 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Many studies predict shifts in species distributions and community size composition in response to climate change, yet few have demonstrated how these changes will be distributed across marine food webs. We use Bayesian Additive Regression Trees to model how climate change will affect the habitat suitability of marine fish species across a range of body sizes and belonging to different feeding guilds, each with different habitat and feeding requirements in the northeast Atlantic shelf seas. Contrasting effects of climate change are predicted for feeding guilds, with spatially extensive decreases in the species richness of consumers lower in the food web (planktivores) but increases for those higher up (piscivores). Changing spatial patterns in predator-prey mass ratios and fish species size composition are also predicted for feeding guilds and across the fish assemblage. In combination, these changes could influence nutrient uptake and transformation, transfer efficiency and food web stability, and thus profoundly alter ecosystem structure and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray S. A. Thompson
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas)Lowestoft LaboratoryLowestoftUK
| | - Elena Couce
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas)Lowestoft LaboratoryLowestoftUK
| | - Michaela Schratzberger
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas)Lowestoft LaboratoryLowestoftUK
| | - Christopher P. Lynam
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas)Lowestoft LaboratoryLowestoftUK
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Vignoli A, Tenori L. NMR-based metabolomics in Alzheimer's disease research: a review. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1308500. [PMID: 38099198 PMCID: PMC10720579 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1308500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and represents the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population worldwide. Currently, there is no cure for AD, and the continuous increase in the number of susceptible individuals poses one of the most significant emerging threats to public health. However, the molecular pathways involved in the onset and progression of AD are not fully understood. This information is crucial for developing less invasive diagnostic instruments and discovering novel potential therapeutic targets. Metabolomics studies the complete ensemble of endogenous and exogenous metabolites present in biological specimens and may provide an interesting approach to identify alterations in multiple biochemical processes associated with AD onset and evolution. In this mini review, we summarize the results from metabolomic studies conducted using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on human biological samples (blood derivatives, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, saliva, and tissues) from AD patients. We describe the metabolic alterations identified in AD patients compared to controls and to patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Moreover, we discuss the challenges and issues associated with the application of NMR-based metabolomics in the context of AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Vignoli
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Czimmerer Z, Patsalos A, Hoeksema MA. Editorial: Transcriptional regulation of macrophage function. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1321064. [PMID: 38022640 PMCID: PMC10653439 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1321064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Czimmerer
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andreas Patsalos
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Marten A. Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection: Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences: Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndrome, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Velleuer E, Domínguez-Hüttinger E, Rodríguez A, Harris LA, Carlberg C. Concepts of multi-level dynamical modelling: understanding mechanisms of squamous cell carcinoma development in Fanconi anemia. Front Genet 2023; 14:1254966. [PMID: 38028610 PMCID: PMC10652399 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1254966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare disease (incidence of 1:300,000) primarily based on the inheritance of pathogenic variants in genes of the FA/BRCA (breast cancer) pathway. These variants ultimately reduce the functionality of different proteins involved in the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks and DNA double-strand breaks. At birth, individuals with FA might present with typical malformations, particularly radial axis and renal malformations, as well as other physical abnormalities like skin pigmentation anomalies. During the first decade of life, FA mostly causes bone marrow failure due to reduced capacity and loss of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. This often makes hematopoietic stem cell transplantation necessary, but this therapy increases the already intrinsic risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in early adult age. Due to the underlying genetic defect in FA, classical chemo-radiation-based treatment protocols cannot be applied. Therefore, detecting and treating the multi-step tumorigenesis process of SCC in an early stage, or even its progenitors, is the best option for prolonging the life of adult FA individuals. However, the small number of FA individuals makes classical evidence-based medicine approaches based on results from randomized clinical trials impossible. As an alternative, we introduce here the concept of multi-level dynamical modelling using large, longitudinally collected genome, proteome- and transcriptome-wide data sets from a small number of FA individuals. This mechanistic modelling approach is based on the "hallmarks of cancer in FA", which we derive from our unique database of the clinical history of over 750 FA individuals. Multi-omic data from healthy and diseased tissue samples of FA individuals are to be used for training constituent models of a multi-level tumorigenesis model, which will then be used to make experimentally testable predictions. In this way, mechanistic models facilitate not only a descriptive but also a functional understanding of SCC in FA. This approach will provide the basis for detecting signatures of SCCs at early stages and their precursors so they can be efficiently treated or even prevented, leading to a better prognosis and quality of life for the FA individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunike Velleuer
- Department of Cytopathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Helios Klinikum, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Elisa Domínguez-Hüttinger
- Departamento Düsseldorf Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad México, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad México, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad México, Mexico
| | - Leonard A. Harris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
- Cancer Biology Program, Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Minion L, Wade J, Moreno‐Naranjo JM, Ryan S, Siligardi G, Fuchter MJ. Insights into the origins of inverted circular dichroism in thin films of a chiral side chain polyfluorene. Chirality 2023; 35:817-825. [PMID: 37349263 PMCID: PMC10946986 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized a fluorene-bithiophene co-polymer with chiral side chains (cPFT2) and investigated its chiroptical properties via synchotronradiation circular dichroism. We observed that thin films of the polymer display an intense circular dichroism (CD) upon annealing, which is of opposite handedness to the CD reported for similar polyfluorenes bearing the same enantiomeric chiral side chain. We then contrast the properties of this polymer with chiral side chain fluorene homopolymer (cPF) and observe large differences in their thin film morphology. Using photoluminescence spectroscopy, we uncover evidence of polymer chain bending in cPFT2, which is further supported by theoretical calculations, and propose an explanation for the observed inverted optical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Minion
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondonUK
- B23 Beamline, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotUK
| | - Jessica Wade
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondonUK
| | - Juan Manuel Moreno‐Naranjo
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondonUK
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London, White City CampusLondonUK
| | - Seán Ryan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London, White City CampusLondonUK
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- B23 Beamline, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotUK
| | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondonUK
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London, White City CampusLondonUK
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Palà E, Penalba A, Bustamante A, García‐Berrocoso T, Lamana‐Vallverdú M, Meisel C, Meisel A, van der Worp HB, R Macleod M, Kallmünzer B, Schwab S, Montaner J. Blood biomarker changes following therapeutic hypothermia in ischemic stroke. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3230. [PMID: 37721534 PMCID: PMC10636403 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic hypothermia is a promising candidate for stroke treatment although its efficacy has not yet been demonstrated in patients. Changes in blood molecules could act as surrogate markers to evaluate the efficacy and safety of therapeutic cooling. METHODS Blood samples from 54 patients included in the EuroHYP-1 study (27 treated with hypothermia, and 27 controls) were obtained at baseline, 24 ± 2 h, and 72 ± 4 h. The levels of a panel of 27 biomarkers, including matrix metalloproteinases and cardiac and inflammatory markers, were measured. RESULTS Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) increased over time in relation to the hypothermia treatment. Statistically significant correlations between the minimum temperature achieved by each patient in the hypothermia group and the MMP-3 level measured at 72 h, FABP level measured at 24 h, and IL-8 levels measured at 24 and 72 h were found. No differential biomarker levels were observed in patients with poor or favorable outcomes according to modified Rankin Scale scores. CONCLUSION Although the exact roles of MMP3, FABP, and IL-8 in hypothermia-treated stroke patients are not known, further exploration is needed to confirm their roles in brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Palà
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)–Universitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Anna Penalba
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)–Universitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alejandro Bustamante
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)–Universitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolBadalonaSpain
| | - Teresa García‐Berrocoso
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)–Universitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- CSIC/UAB Proteomics LaboratoryInstitute of Biomedical Research of BarcelonaSpanish National Research Council (IIBB‐CSIC/IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Marcel Lamana‐Vallverdú
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)–Universitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Christian Meisel
- Institute for Medical ImmunologyCharité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of ImmunologyLabor Berlin–Charité VivantesBerlinGermany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research BerlinCharité University Hospital BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - H. Bart van der Worp
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryBrain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotlandUK
| | - Bernd Kallmünzer
- Department of NeurologyUniversitätsklinikum ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Department of NeurologyUniversitätsklinikum ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)–Universitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institute de Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville & Department of NeurologyHospital Universitario Virgen MacarenaSevilleSpain
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Marangon D, Lecca D. Exosomal non-coding RNAs in glioma progression: insights into tumor microenvironment dynamics and therapeutic implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1275755. [PMID: 38020906 PMCID: PMC10646304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1275755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common and deadly types of brain tumors, known for their extensive genetic and epigenetic variability, which poses considerable challenges for pharmacological treatment. Glioma heterogeneity is also related to their intricate and dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME), which comprises a diverse array of cell types, including immune cells, vascular cells, glial cells, and neural precursors, collectively influencing tumor behavior and progression. A pivotal aspect of this intercellular communication relies on the exchange of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain and transfer complex molecular cargoes typical of their cells of origin, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, metabolites, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), that encompass microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Glioma cells actively release EVs loaded with specific ncRNAs that can target genes and other ncRNAs in recipient cells residing within the TME. Among these recipient cells, prominent players include tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAMs), non-neoplastic astrocytes and endothelial cells. The intricate interplay between EVs derived from glioma cells and these recipient cells significantly contributes to the establishment of a tumor-permissive microenvironment, promoting tumor cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and invasion, by targeting various downstream pathways. This review critically examines the current understanding of the intricate interplay between glioma, exosomal ncRNAs, and various components of the glioma TME. By shedding light on the roles of ncRNAs in mediating intercellular communication, this review underscores their significance in orchestrating TME transformation and highlights their potential as novel therapeutic targets for effectively tackling glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Marangon
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Porcu L, Fichera M, Nanetti L, Rulli E, Giunti P, Parkinson MH, Durr A, Ewenczyk C, Boesch S, Nachbauer W, Indelicato E, Klopstock T, Stendel C, Rodríguez de Rivera FJ, Schöls L, Fleszar Z, Giordano I, Didszun C, Castaldo A, Rai M, Klockgether T, Pandolfo M, Schulz JB, Reetz K, Mariotti C. Longitudinal changes of SARA scale in Friedreich ataxia: Strong influence of baseline score and age at onset. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:2000-2012. [PMID: 37641437 PMCID: PMC10647003 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) is widely used in different types of ataxias and has been chosen as the primary outcome measure in the European natural history study for Friedreich ataxia (FA). METHODS To assess distribution and longitudinal changes of SARA scores and its single items, we analyzed SARA scores of 502 patients with typical-onset FA (<25 years) participating in the 4-year prospective European FA Consortium for Translational Studies (EFACTS). Pattern of disease progression was determined using linear mixed-effects regression models. The chosen statistical model was re-fitted in order to estimate parameters and predict disease progression. Median time-to-change and rate of score progression were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and weighted linear regression models, respectively. RESULTS SARA score at study enrollment and age at onset were the major predictive factors of total score progression during the 4-year follow-up. To a less extent, age at evaluation also influenced the speed of SARA progression, while disease duration did not improve the prediction of the statistical model. Temporal dynamics of total SARA and items showed a great variability in the speed of score increase during disease progression. Gait item had the highest annual progression rate, with median time for one-point score increase of 1 to 2 years. INTERPRETATION Analyses of statistical properties of SARA suggest a variable sensitivity of the scale at different disease stages, and provide important information for population selection and result interpretation in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Porcu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Mario Fichera
- Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilan20133Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilan20133Italy
| | - Eliana Rulli
- Laboratory of Methodology for Clinical Research, Oncology DepartmentIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Paola Giunti
- Department of Clinical and Movement NeurosciencesAtaxia Centre, UCL‐Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonWC1N 3BGUK
| | - Michael H. Parkinson
- Department of Clinical and Movement NeurosciencesAtaxia Centre, UCL‐Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonWC1N 3BGUK
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), AP‐HP, INSERM, CNRSUniversity Hospital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParis75646France
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), AP‐HP, INSERM, CNRSUniversity Hospital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParis75646France
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Department of NeurologyMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria
| | | | | | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of NeurologyFriedrich Baur Institute, University Hospital, LMUMunich80336Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Munich81377Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Munich81377Germany
| | - Claudia Stendel
- Department of NeurologyFriedrich Baur Institute, University Hospital, LMUMunich80336Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Munich81377Germany
| | | | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurology and Hertie‐Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingen72076Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Zofia Fleszar
- Department of Neurology and Hertie‐Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingen72076Germany
| | - Ilaria Giordano
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital of BonnBonn53127Germany
| | - Claire Didszun
- Department of NeurologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Anna Castaldo
- Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilan20133Italy
| | - Myriam Rai
- Laboratory of Experimental NeurologyUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrussels1070Belgium
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital of BonnBonn53127Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Bonn53127Germany
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- Laboratory of Experimental NeurologyUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrussels1070Belgium
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCH3A 0G4Canada
| | - Jörg B. Schulz
- Department of NeurologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
- JARA Brain Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Jülich and RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52056Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of NeurologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
- JARA Brain Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Jülich and RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52056Germany
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilan20133Italy
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Yıldırım K, Miladinović D, Sweet J, Akin M, Galović V, Kavas M, Zlatković M, de Andrade E. Genome editing for healthy crops: traits, tools and impacts. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1231013. [PMID: 37965029 PMCID: PMC10641503 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1231013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Crop cultivars in commercial use have often been selected because they show high levels of resistance to pathogens. However, widespread cultivation of these crops for many years in the environments favorable to a pathogen requires durable forms of resistance to maintain "healthy crops". Breeding of new varieties tolerant/resistant to biotic stresses by incorporating genetic components related to durable resistance, developing new breeding methods and new active molecules, and improving the Integrated Pest Management strategies have been of great value, but their effectiveness is being challenged by the newly emerging diseases and the rapid change of pathogens due to climatic changes. Genome editing has provided new tools and methods to characterize defense-related genes in crops and improve crop resilience to disease pathogens providing improved food security and future sustainable agricultural systems. In this review, we discuss the principal traits, tools and impacts of utilizing genome editing techniques for achieving of durable resilience and a "healthy plants" concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubilay Yıldırım
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Dragana Miladinović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jeremy Sweet
- Sweet Environmental Consultants, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Meleksen Akin
- Department of Horticulture, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Türkiye
| | - Vladislava Galović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Musa Kavas
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Milica Zlatković
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Eugenia de Andrade
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Oeiras, Portugal
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
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Robinson SD, Bachrata B, Eckstein K, Bollmann S, Bollmann S, Hodono S, Cloos M, Tourell M, Jin J, O'Brien K, Reutens DC, Trattnig S, Enzinger C, Barth M. Improved dynamic distortion correction for fMRI using single-echo EPI and a readout-reversed first image (REFILL). Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5095-5112. [PMID: 37548414 PMCID: PMC10502646 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The boundaries between tissues with different magnetic susceptibilities generate inhomogeneities in the main magnetic field which change over time due to motion, respiration and system instabilities. The dynamically changing field can be measured from the phase of the fMRI data and corrected. However, methods for doing so need multi-echo data, time-consuming reference scans and/or involve error-prone processing steps, such as phase unwrapping, which are difficult to implement robustly on the MRI host. The improved dynamic distortion correction method we propose is based on the phase of the single-echo EPI data acquired for fMRI, phase offsets calculated from a triple-echo, bipolar reference scan of circa 3-10 s duration using a method which avoids the need for phase unwrapping and an additional correction derived from one EPI volume in which the readout direction is reversed. This Reverse-Encoded First Image and Low resoLution reference scan (REFILL) approach is shown to accurately measure B0 as it changes due to shim, motion and respiration, even with large dynamic changes to the field at 7 T, where it led to a > 20% increase in time-series signal to noise ratio compared to data corrected with the classic static approach. fMRI results from REFILL-corrected data were free of stimulus-correlated distortion artefacts seen when data were corrected with static field mapping. The method is insensitive to shim changes and eddy current differences between the reference scan and the fMRI time series, and employs calculation steps that are simple and robust, allowing most data processing to be performed in real time on the scanner image reconstruction computer. These improvements make it feasible to routinely perform dynamic distortion correction in fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Daniel Robinson
- Centre of Advanced ImagingUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Molecular MR in Musculoskeletal ImagingViennaAustria
| | - Beata Bachrata
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Molecular MR in Musculoskeletal ImagingViennaAustria
- Department of Medical EngineeringCarinthia University of Applied SciencesKlagenfurtAustria
| | - Korbinian Eckstein
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Saskia Bollmann
- Centre of Advanced ImagingUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Steffen Bollmann
- School of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Shota Hodono
- Centre of Advanced ImagingUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology (CIBIT)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Martijn Cloos
- Centre of Advanced ImagingUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology (CIBIT)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Monique Tourell
- Centre of Advanced ImagingUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Siemens Healthcare Pty Ltd.BrisbaneAustralia
| | - Jin Jin
- Siemens Healthcare Pty Ltd.BrisbaneAustralia
| | | | - David C. Reutens
- Centre of Advanced ImagingUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology (CIBIT)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Markus Barth
- Centre of Advanced ImagingUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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Kinyungu SW, Agbessenou A, Subramanian S, Khamis FM, Akutse KS. One stone for two birds: Endophytic fungi promote maize seedlings growth and negatively impact the life history parameters of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1253305. [PMID: 37900958 PMCID: PMC10600476 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1253305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, is a voracious pest of cereals native to the Americas and which invaded Africa in 2016. Chemical control is the main management option, which however remains ineffective and unsustainable. Fungal endophytes are increasingly used as alternative for the management of insect pests of economic importance. This study assessed the potential of eight endophytic fungal isolates to colonize maize plant and their ability to promote seedlings growth through seed and foliar inoculations, as well as their suppressive effects on FAW. Fungal colonization rates of different plant parts by the endophytes varied as per the inoculation methods. Beauveria bassiana ICIPE 279 colonized more than 60% of all the seedling parts while B. bassiana G1LU3 only colonized stem (25%) and leaf (5%) tissues through foliar inoculation. Trichoderma atroviride F2S21, T. asperellum M2RT4, T. harzianum F2R41, Trichoderma sp. F2L41, Hypocrea lixii F3ST1 and Fusarium proliferatum F2S51 successfully colonized all the plant parts and therefore were selected and further evaluated through seed inoculation for their endophytic persistence, effect on plant growth, and pathogenicity to Spodoptera frugiperda immature and adult stages. Weekly assessment showed varied effect of the endophytes on maize plant growth parameters compared to the control. During the first week, percentage colonization of the plant parts ranges between 90%-100%, 65%-100%, and 60%-100%, in the roots, stems, and leaves, respectively for all the five tested isolates. However, the colonization pattern/rates significantly decreased over time for H. lixii F3ST1 in the stems and leaves, and for T. harzianum F2R41 in the leaves and for T. asperellum M2RT4 in the roots. In addition, T. harzianum F2R41 outperformed all the other isolates in boosting the plant height, whereas H. lixii F3ST1 and T. asperellum M2RT4 outperformed all the other isolates in increasing the wet and dry shoots weight. Furthermore, the number of egg masses laid on endophytically-colonized maize plants varied among the treatments. Trichoderma asperellum M2RT4 and H. lixii F3ST1 endophytically-colonized maize plants significantly reduced the number of egg masses and the defoliation/feeding rates of the pest compared to the control. Additionally, T. harzianum F2R41 had the highest negative impact on the pupation and adult emergence of S. frugiperda with a female-biased sex ratio. Our findings indicate that T. asperellum M2RT4, T. harzianum F2R41, and H. lixii F3ST1 hold a potential to be developed as endophytic-fungal-based biopesticides for sustainable management of S. frugiperda and as plant growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon W. Kinyungu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ayaovi Agbessenou
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Dossenheim, Germany
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Management, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fathiya M. Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Komivi S. Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Melini F, Melini V, Luziatelli F, Abou Jaoudé R, Ficca AG, Ruzzi M. Effect of microbial plant biostimulants on fruit and vegetable quality: current research lines and future perspectives. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1251544. [PMID: 37900743 PMCID: PMC10602749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1251544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetables hold a prominent place in dietary guidance worldwide and, following the increasing awareness of the importance of their consumption for health, their demand has been on the rise. Fruit and vegetable production needs to be reconsidered so that it can be productive and, meantime, sustainable, resilient, and can deliver healthy and nutritious diets. Microbial plant biostimulants (PBs) are a possible approach to pursuing global food security and agricultural sustainability, and their application emerged as a promising alternative or substitute to the use of agrochemicals (e.g., more efficient use of mineral and organic fertilizers or less demand and more efficient use of pesticides in integrated production systems) and as a new frontier of investigation. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive reviews are currently available on the effects that microbial plant biostimulants' application can have specifically on each horticultural crop. This study thus aimed to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the effects that PBs can have on the morpho-anatomical, biochemical, physiological, and functional traits of the most studied crops. It emerged that most experiments occurred under greenhouse conditions; only a few field trials were carried out. Tomato, lettuce, and basil crops have been primarily treated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), while plant grow-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) metabolites were used for crops, such as strawberries and cucumbers. The literature review also pointed out that crop response to PBs is never univocal. Complex mechanisms related to the PB type, the strain, and the crop botanical family, occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Melini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Melini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Luziatelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Renée Abou Jaoudé
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Grazia Ficca
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ruzzi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Holhorea PG, Naya-Català F, Belenguer Á, Calduch-Giner JA, Pérez-Sánchez J. Understanding how high stocking densities and concurrent limited oxygen availability drive social cohesion and adaptive features in regulatory growth, antioxidant defense and lipid metabolism in farmed gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1272267. [PMID: 37869714 PMCID: PMC10586056 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1272267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The study combined the use of biometric, behavioral, physiological and external tissue damage scoring systems to better understand how high stocking densities drive schooling behavior and other adaptive features during the finishing growing phase of farmed gilthead sea bream in the Western Mediterranean. Fish were grown at three different final stocking densities (LD, 8.5 kg/m3; MD, 17 kg/m3; HD, 25 kg/m3). Water oxygen concentration varied between 5 and 6 ppm in LD fish to 3-4 ppm in HD fish with the summer rise of water temperature from 19°C to 26°C (May-July). HD fish showed a reduction of feed intake and growth rates, but they also showed a reinforced social cohesion with a well-defined endogenous swimming activity rhythm with feeding time as a main synchronization factor. The monitored decrease of the breathing/swimming activity ratio by means of the AEFishBIT data-logger also indicated a decreased energy partitioning for growth in the HD environment with a limited oxygen availability. Plasma glucose and cortisol levels increased with the rise of stocking density, and the close association of glycaemia with the expression level of antioxidant enzymes (mn-sod, gpx4, prdx5) in liver and molecular chaperones (grp170, grp75) in skeletal muscle highlighted the involvement of glucose in redox processes via rerouting in the pentose-phosphate-pathway. Other adaptive features included the depletion of oxidative metabolism that favored lipid storage rather than fatty acid oxidation to decrease the oxygen demand as last electron acceptor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This was coincident with the metabolic readjustment of the Gh/Igf endocrine-growth cascade that promoted the regulation of muscle growth at the local level rather than a systemic action via the liver Gh/Igf axis. Moreover, correlation analyses within HD fish displayed negative correlations of hepatic transcripts of igf1 and igf2 with the data-logger measurements of activity and respiration, whereas the opposite was found for muscle igf2, ghr1 and ghr2. This was indicative of a growth-regulatory transition that supported a proactive instead of a reactive behavior in HD fish, which was considered adaptive to preserve an active and synchronized feeding behavior with a minimized risk of oxidative stress and epidermal skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)), Castellón, Spain
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Ikanga J, Patel SS, Roberts BR, Schwinne M, Hickle S, Verberk IMW, Epenge E, Gikelekele G, Tshengele N, Kavugho I, Mampunza S, Yarasheski KE, Teunissen CE, Stringer A, Levey A, Alonso A. Association of plasma biomarkers with cognitive function in persons with dementia and cognitively healthy in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2023; 15:e12496. [PMID: 37954546 PMCID: PMC10632676 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study investigates whether plasma biomarkers (Aβ42/40 and p-tau 181), APS, as well as apolipoprotein E (APOE) proteotype predict cognitive deficits in elderly adults from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods Forty-four with possible AD (pAD) and 41 healthy control (HC) subjects were screened using CSID and AQ, underwent cognitive assessment with the African Neuropsychology Battery (ANB), and provided blood samples for plasma Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ42/40, and APOE proteotype. Linear and logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations of plasma biomarkers with ANB tests and the ability of biomarkers to predict cognitive status. Results Patients with pAD had significantly lower plasma Aβ42/40 levels, higher APS, and higher prevalence of APOE E4 allele compared to HC. Groups did not differ in levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, or P-tau 181. Results showed that Aβ42/40 ratio and APS were significantly associated with African Naming Test (ANT), African List Memory Test (ALMT), and African Visuospatial Memory Test (AVMT) scores, while the presence of APOE E4 allele was associated with ANT, ALMT, AVMT, and APT scores. P-tau 181 did not show any significant associations while adjusting for age, education, and gender. APS showed the highest area under the curve (AUC) value (AUC = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68-0.88) followed by Aβ42/40 (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66-0.86) and APOE E4 (AUC = 0.69 (CI 0.57-0.81) in discriminating pAD from HC. Discussion These results demonstrate associations between select plasma biomarker of AD pathology (Aβ42/40), APS, and APOE E4 allele) and ANB test scores and the ability of these biomarkers to differentiate pAD from cognitively normal SSA individuals, consistent with findings reported in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Ikanga
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineUniversity of Kinshasa and Catholic University of CongoKinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Saranya Sundaram Patel
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Blaine R. Roberts
- Department of BiochemistryDepartment of neurologySchool of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Megan Schwinne
- Department of EpidemiologyRollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Sabrina Hickle
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Inge M. W. Verberk
- Neurochemistry laboratoryDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, NeurodegenerationAmsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije UniversitietAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Epenge
- Department of neurologyUniversity of KinshasaKinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Guy Gikelekele
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineUniversity of Kinshasa and Catholic University of CongoKinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Nathan Tshengele
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineUniversity of Kinshasa and Catholic University of CongoKinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Samuel Mampunza
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineUniversity of Kinshasa and Catholic University of CongoKinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry laboratoryDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, NeurodegenerationAmsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije UniversitietAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anthony Stringer
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Allan Levey
- Department of NeurologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of EpidemiologyRollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Gunalp S, Helvaci DG, Oner A, Bursalı A, Conforte A, Güner H, Karakülah G, Szegezdi E, Sag D. TRAIL promotes the polarization of human macrophages toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype and is associated with increased survival in cancer patients with high tumor macrophage content. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209249. [PMID: 37809073 PMCID: PMC10551148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily that can either induce cell death or activate survival pathways after binding to death receptors (DRs) DR4 or DR5. TRAIL is investigated as a therapeutic agent in clinical trials due to its selective toxicity to transformed cells. Macrophages can be polarized into pro-inflammatory/tumor-fighting M1 macrophages or anti-inflammatory/tumor-supportive M2 macrophages and an imbalance between M1 and M2 macrophages can promote diseases. Therefore, identifying modulators that regulate macrophage polarization is important to design effective macrophage-targeted immunotherapies. The impact of TRAIL on macrophage polarization is not known. Methods Primary human monocyte-derived macrophages were pre-treated with either TRAIL or with DR4 or DR5-specific ligands and then polarized into M1, M2a, or M2c phenotypes in vitro. The expression of M1 and M2 markers in macrophage subtypes was analyzed by RNA sequencing, qPCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the macrophages against U937 AML tumor targets was assessed by flow cytometry. TCGA datasets were also analyzed to correlate TRAIL with M1/M2 markers, and the overall survival of cancer patients. Results TRAIL increased the expression of M1 markers at both mRNA and protein levels while decreasing the expression of M2 markers at the mRNA level in human macrophages. TRAIL also shifted M2 macrophages towards an M1 phenotype. Our data showed that both DR4 and DR5 death receptors play a role in macrophage polarization. Furthermore, TRAIL enhanced the cytotoxicity of macrophages against the AML cancer cells in vitro. Finally, TRAIL expression was positively correlated with increased expression of M1 markers in the tumors from ovarian and sarcoma cancer patients and longer overall survival in cases with high, but not low, tumor macrophage content. Conclusions TRAIL promotes the polarization of human macrophages toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype via both DR4 and DR5. Our study defines TRAIL as a new regulator of macrophage polarization and suggests that targeting DRs can enhance the anti-tumorigenic response of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment by increasing M1 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Gunalp
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Derya Goksu Helvaci
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiye
- Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Aysenur Oner
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Alessandra Conforte
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hüseyin Güner
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Science, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Gökhan Karakülah
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Eva Szegezdi
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Duygu Sag
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
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Zhao H, Wu D, Gyamfi MA, Wang P, Luecht C, Pfefferkorn AM, Ashraf MI, Kamhieh-Milz J, Witowski J, Dragun D, Budde K, Schindler R, Zickler D, Moll G, Catar R. Expanded Hemodialysis ameliorates uremia-induced impairment of vasculoprotective KLF2 and concomitant proinflammatory priming of endothelial cells through an ERK/AP1/cFOS-dependent mechanism. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209464. [PMID: 37795100 PMCID: PMC10546407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Expanded hemodialysis (HDx) therapy with improved molecular cut-off dialyzers exerts beneficial effects on lowering uremia-associated chronic systemic microinflammation, a driver of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hemodialysis (HD) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, studies on the underlying molecular mechanisms are still at an early stage. Here, we identify the (endothelial) transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) and its associated molecular signalling pathways as key targets and regulators of uremia-induced endothelial micro-inflammation in the HD/ESRD setting, which is crucial for vascular homeostasis and controlling detrimental vascular inflammation. Methods and results First, we found that human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) and other typical endothelial and kidney model cell lines (e.g. HUVECs, HREC, and HEK) exposed to uremic serum from patients treated with two different hemodialysis regimens in the Permeability Enhancement to Reduce Chronic Inflammation II (PERCI-II) crossover clinical trial - comparing High-Flux (HF) and Medium Cut-Off (MCO) membranes - exhibited strongly reduced expression of vasculoprotective KLF2 with HF dialyzers, while dialysis with MCO dialyzers led to the maintenance and restoration of physiological KLF2 levels in HMECs. Mechanistic follow-up revealed that the strong downmodulation of KLF2 in HMECs exposed to uremic serum was mediated by a dominant engagement of detrimental ERK instead of beneficial AKT signalling, with subsequent AP1-/c-FOS binding in the KLF2 promoter region, followed by the detrimental triggering of pleiotropic inflammatory mediators, while the introduction of a KLF2 overexpression plasmid could restore physiological KLF2 levels and downmodulate the detrimental vascular inflammation in a mechanistic rescue approach. Conclusion Uremia downmodulates vasculoprotective KLF2 in endothelium, leading to detrimental vascular inflammation, while MCO dialysis with the novel improved HDx therapy approach can maintain physiological levels of vasculoprotective KLF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dashan Wu
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Adu Gyamfi
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Pinchao Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Luecht
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Duska Dragun
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schindler
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Rooney CHE, Gamliel A, Shaul D, Tyler DJ, Grist JT, Katz‐Brull R. Directly Bound Deuterons Increase X-Nuclei Hyperpolarization using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300144. [PMID: 37431622 PMCID: PMC10947409 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Deuterated 13 C sites in sugars (D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose) showed 6.3-to-17.5-fold higher solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) levels than their respective protonated sites at 3.35T. This effect was found to be unrelated to the protonation of the bath. Deuterated 15 N in sites bound to exchangeable protons ([15 N2 ]urea) showed a 1.3-fold higher polarization than their respective protonated sites at the same magnetic field. This relatively smaller effect was attributed to incomplete deuteration of the 15 N sites due to the solvent mixture. For a 15 N site that is not bound to protons or deuterons ([15 N]nitrate), deuteration of the bath did not affect the polarization level. These findings suggest a phenomenon related to DNP of X-nuclei directly bound to deuteron(s) as opposed to proton(s). It appears that direct binding to deuterons increases the solid-state DNP polarization level of X-nuclei which are otherwise bound to protons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayelet Gamliel
- Department of RadiologyHadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9112011Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineHadassah Medical OrganizationJerusalemIsrael
| | - David Shaul
- Department of RadiologyHadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9112011Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineHadassah Medical OrganizationJerusalemIsrael
| | - Damian J. Tyler
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance ResearchDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - James T. Grist
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance ResearchDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of RadiologyOxford University HospitalsOxfordUK
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Rachel Katz‐Brull
- Department of RadiologyHadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9112011Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineHadassah Medical OrganizationJerusalemIsrael
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Cassidy JR, Voss G, Underbjerg KR, Persson M, Ceder Y. Expression of microRNA-379 reduces metastatic spread of prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1252915. [PMID: 37781173 PMCID: PMC10539900 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1252915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of cancer in males, and the metastatic form is a leading cause of death worldwide. There are currently no curative treatments for this subset of patients. To decrease the mortality of this disease, greater focus must be placed on developing therapeutics to reduce metastatic spread. We focus on dissemination to the bone since this is both the most common site of metastatic spread and associated with extreme pain and discomfort for patients. Our strategy is to exploit microRNAs (miRNAs) to disrupt the spread of primary PCa to the bone. Methods PCa cell lines were transduced to overexpress microRNA-379 (miR-379). These transduced PCa cells were assessed using cell growth, migration, colony formation and adhesion assays. We also performed in vivo intracardiac injections to look at metastatic spread in NSG mice. A cytokine array was also performed to identify targets of miR-379 that may drive metastatic spread. Results PCa cells with increased levels of miR-379 showed a significant decrease in proliferation, migration, colony formation, and adhesion to bone cells in vitro. In vivo miR-379 overexpression in PC3 cells significantly decreased metastatic spread to bone and reduced levels of miR-379 were seen in patients with metastases. We identified GDF-15 to be secreted from osteoblasts when grown in conditioned media from PCa cells with reduced miR-379 levels. Discussion Taken together, our in vitro and in vivo functional assays support a role for miR-379 as a tumour suppressor. A potential mechanism is unravelled whereby miR-379 deregulation in PCa cells affects the secretion of GDF-15 from osteoblasts which in turn facilitates the metastatic establishment in bone. Our findings support the potential role of miR-379 as a therapeutic solution for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yvonne Ceder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Molina-Menor E, Vidal-Verdú À, Gomis-Olcina C, Peretó J, Porcar M. A 3D printed plastic frame deeply impacts yeast cell growth. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1250667. [PMID: 37771573 PMCID: PMC10523559 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1250667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid State Fermentation (SSF) processes have been explored for yeast growth and protein and metabolites production. However, most of these processes lack standardization. In this work, we present a polylactic acid (PLA) 3D printed matrix that dramatically enhances yeast growth when embedded in liquid media compared to equivalent static cultures, and changes yeast expression patterns at the proteome level (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD043759). Moreover, differences in sugar assimilation and ethanol production, as the main product of alcoholic fermentation, are observed. Our results suggest that these matrixes may be useful for a vast range of biotechnological applications based on yeast fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Molina-Menor
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
| | - Àngela Vidal-Verdú
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
| | - Carlos Gomis-Olcina
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
| | - Juli Peretó
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Manuel Porcar
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
- Darwin Bioprospecting Excellence SL, Parc Científic Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Ferreira IA, Peixoto D, Losada AP, Quiroga MI, do Vale A, Costas B. Early innate immune responses in European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax L.) following Tenacibaculum maritimum infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254677. [PMID: 37731496 PMCID: PMC10507263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The marine aquaculture industry has been witnessing a worldwide emergence of tenacibaculosis, a poorly understood bacterial disease caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum that affects commercially important fish. So far, knowledge on the T. maritimum virulence mechanisms is scarce and the pathogen-host interaction operating in tenacibaculosis remain to be disclosed. This study aimed at contributing to a better understanding of this disease, by evaluating the early innate immune response triggered in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) by a bath-challenge with T. maritimum. Methods Groups of sea bass were bath-challenged with T. maritimum (challenged fish) or mock-challenged. Undisturbed fish were used as controls (time 0). Samples of blood, liver and mucosal organs (skin, gills and posterior-intestine) were collected at 0 h (control) and at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-challenge (n=12). Mucosal organs were used for analyzing the expression of immune-related genes by RT-qPCR, as well as blood samples for assessing haematological and innate humoral parameters and liver for oxidative stress assessment. Results An increased expression of il-1β, il8, mmp9 and hamp1 was detected in all mucosal organs of infected fish when compared with control and mock-challenged fish, suggesting a pro-inflammatory response against T. maritimum transversal to all organs. The faster induction of these pro-inflammatory genes was observed in the gills. Regarding the systemic response, challenged fish presented neutrophilia, monocytosis, signs of anemia, and a decrease of bactericidal and lysozyme activities in plasma. Almost no variations were observed regarding hepatic oxidative stress. Discussion/Conclusions The present study suggests that T. maritimum induces a local innate immune response upon bath infection not only in the skin of European sea bass, but also in the gills and posterior-intestine, likely triggered by the T. maritimum's capacity to adhere, colonize and damage these organs that can function as entry ways to bacteria, leading ultimately to the seen host's systemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês A. Ferreira
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Peixoto
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Losada
- Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - María Isabel Quiroga
- Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ana do Vale
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Montégut L, Abdellatif M, Motiño O, Madeo F, Martins I, Quesada V, López‐Otín C, Kroemer G. Acyl coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP): An aging- and disease-relevant "autophagy checkpoint". Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13910. [PMID: 37357988 PMCID: PMC10497816 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP), also known as diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), is a phylogenetically ancient protein present in some eubacteria and the entire eukaryotic radiation. In several eukaryotic phyla, ACBP/DBI transcends its intracellular function in fatty acid metabolism because it can be released into the extracellular space. This ACBP/DBI secretion usually occurs in response to nutrient scarcity through an autophagy-dependent pathway. ACBP/DBI and its peptide fragments then act on a range of distinct receptors that diverge among phyla, namely metabotropic G protein-coupled receptor in yeast (and likely in the mammalian central nervous system), a histidine receptor kinase in slime molds, and ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors in mammals. Genetic or antibody-mediated inhibition of ACBP/DBI orthologs interferes with nutrient stress-induced adaptations such as sporulation or increased food intake in multiple species, as it enhances lifespan or healthspan in yeast, plant leaves, nematodes, and multiple mouse models. These lifespan and healthspan-extending effects of ACBP/DBI suppression are coupled to the induction of autophagy. Altogether, it appears that neutralization of extracellular ACBP/DBI results in "autophagy checkpoint inhibition" to unleash the anti-aging potential of autophagy. Of note, in humans, ACBP/DBI levels increase in various tissues, as well as in the plasma, in the context of aging, obesity, uncontrolled infection or cardiovascular, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Montégut
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm U1138Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology PlatformsGustave Roussy InstitutVillejuifFrance
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité de Paris SaclayParisFrance
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm U1138Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology PlatformsGustave Roussy InstitutVillejuifFrance
- Department of CardiologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed‐GrazGrazAustria
| | - Omar Motiño
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm U1138Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology PlatformsGustave Roussy InstitutVillejuifFrance
| | - Frank Madeo
- BioTechMed‐GrazGrazAustria
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealthUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Isabelle Martins
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm U1138Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology PlatformsGustave Roussy InstitutVillejuifFrance
| | - Victor Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)Universidad de OviedoOviedoSpain
| | - Carlos López‐Otín
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm U1138Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)Universidad de OviedoOviedoSpain
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm U1138Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology PlatformsGustave Roussy InstitutVillejuifFrance
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of BiologyHôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP‐HPParisFrance
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Falconer L, Cutajar K, Krupandan A, Capuzzo E, Corner RA, Ellis T, Jeffery K, Mikkelsen E, Moore H, O'Beirn FX, O'Donohoe P, Ruane NM, Shilland R, Tett P, Telfer TC. Planning and licensing for marine aquaculture. Rev Aquac 2023; 15:1374-1404. [PMID: 38505117 PMCID: PMC10947445 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Marine aquaculture has the potential to increase its contribution to the global food system and provide valuable ecosystem services, but appropriate planning, licensing and regulation systems must be in place to enable sustainable development. At present, approaches vary considerably throughout the world, and several national and regional investigations have highlighted the need for reforms if marine aquaculture is to fulfil its potential. This article aims to map and evaluate the challenges of planning and licensing for growth of sustainable marine aquaculture. Despite the range of species, production systems and circumstances, this study found a number of common themes in the literature; complicated and fragmented approaches to planning and licensing, property rights and the licence to operate, competition for space and marine spatial planning, emerging species and diversifying marine aquaculture production (seaweed production, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture [IMTA], nutrient and carbon offsetting with aquaculture, offshore aquaculture and co-location and multiuse platforms), and the need to address knowledge gaps and use of decision-support tools. Planning and licensing can be highly complicated, so the UK is used as a case study to show more detailed examples that highlight the range of challenges and uncertainty that industry, regulators and policymakers face across interacting jurisdictions. There are many complexities, but this study shows that many countries have undergone, or are undergoing, similar challenges, suggesting that lessons can be learned by sharing knowledge and experiences, even across different species and production systems, rather than having a more insular focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Falconer
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of StirlingStirlingScotlandUK
| | - Karl Cutajar
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of StirlingStirlingScotlandUK
| | - Amalia Krupandan
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of StirlingStirlingScotlandUK
| | - Elisa Capuzzo
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture ScienceDorsetUK
| | | | - Tim Ellis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture ScienceDorsetUK
| | - Keith Jeffery
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture ScienceDorsetUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robyn Shilland
- The Association for Coastal Ecosystem ServicesLochend CottageDunbarUK
| | - Paul Tett
- Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanUK
| | - Trevor C. Telfer
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of StirlingStirlingScotlandUK
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Coupé S, Giantsis IA, Vázquez Luis M, Scarpa F, Foulquié M, Prévot J, Casu M, Lattos A, Michaelidis B, Sanna D, García‐March JR, Tena‐Medialdea J, Vicente N, Bunet R. The characterization of toll-like receptor repertoire in Pinna nobilis after mass mortality events suggests adaptive introgression. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10383. [PMID: 37546570 PMCID: PMC10401143 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The fan mussel Pinna nobilis is currently on the brink of extinction due to a multifactorial disease mainly caused to the highly pathogenic parasite Haplosporidium pinnae, meaning that the selection pressure outweighs the adaptive potential of the species. Hopefully, rare individuals have been observed somehow resistant to the parasite, stretching the need to identify the traits underlying this better fitness. Among the candidate to explore at first intention are fast-evolving immune genes, of which toll-like receptor (TLR). In this study, we examined the genetic diversity at 14 TLR loci across P. nobilis, Pinna rudis and P. nobilis × P. rudis hybrid genomes, collected at four physically distant regions, that were found to be either resistant or sensitive to the parasite H. pinnae. We report a high genetic diversity, mainly observed at cell surface TLRs compared with that of endosomal TLRs. However, the endosomal TLR-7 exhibited unexpected level of diversity and haplotype phylogeny. The lack of population structure, associated with a high genetic diversity and elevated dN/dS ratio, was interpreted as balancing selection, though both directional and purifying selection were detected. Interestingly, roughly 40% of the P. nobilis identified as resistant to H. pinnae were introgressed with P. rudis TLR. Specifically, they all carried a TLR-7 of P. rudis origin, whereas sensitive P. nobilis were not introgressed, at least at TLR loci. Small contributions of TLR-6 and TLR-4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to the clustering of resistant and susceptible individuals could be detected, but their specific role in resistance remains highly speculative. This study provides new information on the diversity of TLR genes within the P. nobilis species after MME and additional insights into adaptation to H. pinnae that should contribute to the conservation of this Mediterranean endemic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Coupé
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, MIOMarseilleFrance
| | | | - Maite Vázquez Luis
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de BalearesPalma de MallorcaSpain
| | - Fabio Scarpa
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFabio Scarpa, Daria Sanna: University of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Mathieu Foulquié
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, MIOMarseilleFrance
- Institut océanographique Paul RicardIle des Embiez, VarFrance
| | | | - Marco Casu
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Athanasios Lattos
- Faculty of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Western MacedoniaKozaniGreece
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Faculty of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Western MacedoniaKozaniGreece
| | - Daria Sanna
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFabio Scarpa, Daria Sanna: University of SassariSassariItaly
| | - José Rafa García‐March
- IMEDMAR‐UCV, Institute of Environment and Marine Science ResearchUniversidad Católica de Valencia SVMCalpe, AlicanteSpain
| | - José Tena‐Medialdea
- IMEDMAR‐UCV, Institute of Environment and Marine Science ResearchUniversidad Católica de Valencia SVMCalpe, AlicanteSpain
| | - Nardo Vicente
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix‐Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon UniversitéAvignonFrance
| | - Robert Bunet
- Institut océanographique Paul RicardIle des Embiez, VarFrance
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Hauser JA, Burden SJ, Karunakaran A, Muthurangu V, Taylor AM, Jones A. Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of the Contributions of Adipose and Nonadipose Tissues to Cardiovascular Remodeling in Adolescents. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030221. [PMID: 37489750 PMCID: PMC10492986 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Greater body mass index is associated with cardiovascular remodeling in adolescents. However, body mass index cannot differentiate between adipose and nonadipose tissues. We examined how visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue are linked with markers of early cardiovascular remodeling, independently from nonadipose tissue. Methods and Results Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging was done in 82 adolescents (39 overweight/obese; 36 female; median age, 16.3 [interquartile range, 14.4-18.1] years) to measure body composition and cardiovascular remodeling markers. Left ventricular diastolic function was assessed by echocardiography. Waist, waist:height ratio, and body mass index z scores were calculated. Residualized nonadipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and visceral adipose tissue variables, uncorrelated with each other, were constructed using partial regression modeling to allow comparison of their individual contributions in a 3-compartment body composition model. Cardiovascular variables mostly related to nonadipose rather than adipose tissue. Nonadipose tissue was correlated positively with left ventricular mass (r=0.81), end-diastolic volume (r=0.70), stroke volume (r=0.64), left ventricular mass:end-diastolic volume (r=0.37), and systolic blood pressure (r=0.35), and negatively with heart rate (r=-0.33) (all P<0.01). Subcutaneous adipose tissue was associated with worse left ventricular diastolic function (r=-0.42 to -0.48, P=0.0007-0.02) and higher heart rates (r=0.34, P=0.007) but linked with better systemic vascular resistance (r=-0.35, P=0.006). There were no significant relationships with visceral adipose tissue and no associations of any compartment with pulse wave velocity. Conclusions Simple anthropometry does not reflect independent effects of nonadipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue on the adolescent cardiovascular system. This could result in normal cardiovascular adaptations to growth being misinterpreted as pathological sequelae of excess adiposity in studies reliant on such measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob A. Hauser
- Centre for Translational Cardiovascular ImagingUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Samuel J. Burden
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Department of Women and Children’s HealthKing’s College London, St Thomas’ HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ajanthiha Karunakaran
- Centre for Translational Cardiovascular ImagingUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Vivek Muthurangu
- Centre for Translational Cardiovascular ImagingUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Taylor
- Centre for Translational Cardiovascular ImagingUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexander Jones
- Centre for Translational Cardiovascular ImagingUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
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