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Chinraj V, Reddy RA, Selvaraj J, Sureshkumar R. Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Levodopa Stearic Acid Hydrazide Conjugate for the Management of Parkinson's DiseaseNovel Conjugate for Parkinson's Disease. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2024; 74:60-66. [PMID: 38286420 DOI: 10.1055/a-2234-9859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the highest prevalent neurodegenerative disease in elderly individuals after Alzheimer's disease. The pathological identification for Parkinson's disease is loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra region of the brain that in turn leads to dopamine deficiency that affects the body's normal physiological and neurological disorder. The important drawback in the modality of treatment is levodopa is only supplying depleted dopamine in the brain, it does not affect neurodegeneration. Even though levodopa manages the disease, an alternative treatment strategy is required to stop or prevent further degeneration of neuron. The compound with neuroprotector activity suits the requirement. Of them, stearic acid plays a vital role in protecting neurons against oxidative stress through a Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent mechanism. Hence, our present study aimed to design, synthesize, and characterize the levodopa stearic acid hydrazide conjugate. Additionally, evaluate the cytotoxicity of synthesized compound in SHSY5Y: cell lines. In brief, levodopa was conjugated to the stearic acid successfully and was confirmed with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance, and Mass Spectroscopy. In vitro cell viability study in SHSY5Y: cell lines showed elevated cell viability in 0.134 µm concentration of Conjugate, and 0.563 µm concentration of levodopa. Showing that the synthesized compound could offer an improved treatment strategy for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthi Chinraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramakkamma Aishwarya Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jubie Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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Janani SK, Dhanabal SP, Sureshkumar R, Nikitha Upadhyayula SS. Anti-nucleolin Aptamer as a Boom in Rehabilitation of Breast Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3114-3126. [PMID: 36173049 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220928105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. It is important to target the complex pathways using a suitable targeted delivery system. Targeted delivery systems can effectively act on cancer cells and lead to the annihilation of tumor proliferation. They mainly employ targeting agents like aptamers linked to the formulation. Based on the expression of the receptors on the surface of the cancer cells, suitable aptamers can be developed. AS1411 is one such aptamer that has the ability to bind to the over-expressed nucleolin present in breast cancer cells. Nucleolin is a phosphoprotein that is involved in various aspects, like cell growth, differentiation and survival. Mostly they are found in the nucleolus, nucleus, cytoplasm and cell surface. The shuttling effect of the nucleolin between the nucleus and cytoplasm serves as a bonus for the AS1411 aptamer. Because of the shutting effect, the internalization of the drug compound or chemotherapeutic drug inside the cell can be achieved. In this article, we have discussed nucleolin, anti-nucleolin aptamer, namely, AS1411, and its application in exhibiting various anticancer activities, including apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, anti-metastasis, stimulation of tumor suppressor (i.e., P53), and inhibition of tumor inducer. Further, the ways of internalization, namely macropinocytosis, are also discussed. Additionally, we have also discussed the superiority of the aptamer compared to the antibodies as well as the limitations of the aptamers. By considering all the above parameters, we hope this aptamer will be effective in the management and eradication of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Janani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S P Dhanabal
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sai Surya Nikitha Upadhyayula
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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Karthika C, Sureshkumar R, Sajini DV, Ashraf GM, Rahman MH. 5-fluorouracil and curcumin with pectin coating as a treatment regimen for titanium dioxide with dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer model. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:63202-63215. [PMID: 35459988 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer was inducted in Wister rats using titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) and dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and treatment using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and curcumin (CUR), individually and following a synergistic approach. Compatibility studies are evaluated by using FT-IR spectra analysis, and Vero cell lines as well as HCT-116 cell lines are used for evaluating the synergistic approach. It was then followed by induction of colorectal cancer in rats for 70 days and treatment using 5-FU and CUR with pectin coating (individually and in combination) for 28 days. The reports state that 5-FU and CUR combination was found to be compatible. The synergistic effect was evaluated for1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 2:1 ratio of 5-FU:CUR, where 1:4 ratio shows a CI50 value of 0.853, selected further for the animal studies. The 1:4 ratio of 5-FU and CUR (50:200) shows to be effective for the treatment of colorectal cancer within 28 days, proven using histopathology report, bodyweight analysis, and hematological reports. 5-FU and CUR (1:4) ratio with pectin coating was proven effective for the treatment of colorectal cancer induced by TiO2NPs with DMH and was found to produce a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Deepak Vasudevan Sajini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju, 26426, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani Street, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh.
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Janani S, Dhanabal S, Sureshkumar R, Nikitha Upadhyayula SS. PEGylation of Nanoemulsion Using Spontaneous Emulsification Method. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2022; 20:274-285. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2022.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S.K. Janani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, and JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S.P. Dhanabal
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, and JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sai Surya Nikitha Upadhyayula
- Department of Pharmaceutics, and JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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Karthika C, Rahman MH, Sureshkumar R, Akter R, Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Azad AK, Barai P, Barai HR. 5-Fluorouracil and Curcumin Combination Coated with Pectin and Its Strategy towards Titanium Dioxide, Dimethylhydrazine Colorectal Cancer Model with the Evaluation of the Blood Parameters. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142868. [PMID: 35890644 PMCID: PMC9316185 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is considered the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of death globally. It has been proven that titanium dioxide nanoparticles produce oxidative stress and can lead to chronic inflammation, which could turn into diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and so on. To evaluate the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) curcumin (CUR) conjugate coated with pectin on colorectal cancer induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) and dimethylhydrazine (DMH), male rats were administered TiO2-NPs (5 mg/kg) orally and DMH (1 mg/kg) peritoneally for 70 days and treated with 5-FU (60 mg/kg) and CUR (240 mg/kg) conjugate (1:4 ratio) coated with pectin. The bodyweight of the animals was evaluated, and the blood sugar level was calculated. Further blood and plasma analyses were conducted. Hematological parameters, antioxidant parameters, and biochemical estimation were taken into consideration. The TiO2-NPs level in the blood and colorectal region was also calculated. With the induction of colon cancer using TiO2-NPs and DMH, a significant increase in the body weight of the animals was seen; eventually, with treatment, it was reduced. The bodyweight increase was due to an increase in the blood sugar level. There were also significant changes in the hematological parameters and biochemical estimation reports when comparing those of the positive control, negative control, and treated groups. No significant effect on biochemical estimation reports was seen. Conclusions: These reports suggest that 5-FU CUR conjugate coated with pectin helps in the management of colorectal cancer induced by TiO2-NPs and DMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty 643001, India;
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (M.H.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Raman Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty 643001, India;
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (H.R.B.)
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (M.H.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.K.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.K.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Paritosh Barai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh;
| | - Hasi Rani Barai
- School of Mechanical and IT Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (H.R.B.)
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Karthika C, Sureshkumar R, Zehravi M, Akter R, Ali F, Ramproshad S, Mondal B, Tagde P, Ahmed Z, Khan FS, Rahman MH, Cavalu S. Multidrug Resistance of Cancer Cells and the Vital Role of P-Glycoprotein. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:897. [PMID: 35743927 PMCID: PMC9227591 DOI: 10.3390/life12060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a major factor in the multidrug resistance phenotype in cancer cells. P-gp is a protein that regulates the ATP-dependent efflux of a wide range of anticancer medicines and confers resistance. Due to its wide specificity, several attempts have been made to block the action of P-gp to restore the efficacy of anticancer drugs. The major goal has been to create molecules that either compete with anticancer medicines for transport or function as a direct P-gp inhibitor. Despite significant in vitro success, there are presently no drugs available in the clinic that can "block" P-gp-mediated resistance. Toxicity, unfavourable pharmacological interactions, and a variety of pharmacokinetic difficulties might all be the reason for the failure. On the other hand, P-gp has a significant effect in the body. It protects the vital organs from the entry of foreign bodies and other toxic chemicals. Hence, the inhibitors of P-gp should not hinder its action in the normal cells. To develop an effective inhibitor of P-gp, thorough background knowledge is needed in this field. The main aim of this review article was to set forth the merits and demerits of the action of P-gp on cancer cells as well as on normal cells. The influence of P-gp on cancer drug delivery and the contribution of P-gp to activating drug resistance were also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Raman Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University Alkharj, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Faraat Ali
- Department of Licensing and Enforcement, Laboratory Services, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority (BoMRA), Gaborone 999106, Botswana;
| | - Sarker Ramproshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj 1400, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Banani Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj 1400, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Priti Tagde
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Mahala Campus, Community College, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat S. Khan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Dhahran Al Janoub, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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Murugesan R, Sureshkumar R, Radhakrishnan A, Jupudi S, Chennu M. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Nanomaterial Tool in the Management of Prostate Cancer: A Possible Nanoformulation Approach. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 12:509-514. [PMID: 35935048 PMCID: PMC9348525 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading diseases in men all over the world caused due to over-expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Currently, the detection and targeting of PCa is one of the major challenges in the prostate gland. Therefore, Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor molecules like ibrutinib (Ibr) loaded with nanomaterials like multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which has good physico-chemical properties may be the best regimen to treat PCa. In this strategy, the chemically modified MWCNTs have excellent ‘Biosensing’ properties makes it easy for detecting PCa without fluorescent agent and thus targets particular site of PCa. In the present study, Ibr/MWCNTs conjugated with T30 oligonucleotide may selectively target and inhibit PSMA thereby reduce the over-expression in PCa. Hence, the proposed formulation design can extensively reduce the dosage regimen without any toxic effect. Additionally, the present hypothesis also revealed the binding mode of Ibr in the catalytic pocket of PSMA by in silico method. Therefore, we presume that if this hypothesis proves correct, it becomes an additional novel tool and one of the conceivable therapeutic options in treating PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Murugesan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, India
| | - Raman Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, India
- Corresponding Author: Raman Sureshkumar,
| | - Arun Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, India
| | - Srikanth Jupudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, India
| | - Manisha Chennu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, India
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Ali M, Suresh A, Sarath T, Arunmozhi N, Sureshkumar R, Joseph C. Surgical Management of Dystocia Due to Unilateral Uterine Torsion in a Domestic Shorthair Cat. Top Companion Anim Med 2021; 45:100577. [PMID: 34407483 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A 2-year-old pluriparous domestic shorthair queen was brought to the Madras Veterinary College Teaching hospital with a history of full-term pregnancy, straining for the past 24 hours and brown vaginal discharge. Radiography of the abdomen showed presence of 3 fetal skeletons, and ultrasonography revealed no fetal heartbeat. An emergency caesarean section was performed, and a 720° torsion of the right uterine horn was revealed. Three dead kittens were delivered, 2 from the right horn and 1 from the left horn. An ovariohysterectomy was also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ali
- Department of Clinics, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashitha Suresh
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - T Sarath
- Department of Clinics, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Arunmozhi
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Sureshkumar
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Cecilia Joseph
- Veterinary University Peripheral Hospital, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Karthika C, Sureshkumar R. Incorporation of natural assumption to deal with cancer. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:4902-4917. [PMID: 33230796 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current state of the art for the use of natural ingredients for cancer therapy is by reviewing the publications and findings associated with cancer research with the employment of flavonoids. Cancer is the most furious disease making fear in the eyes of mankind. Though various treatment methods are prevalent, the patient's choices are shifting from synthetic treatment strategy to the natural ones. The plant-based metabolites are used very often in our life as a food additive and also as a medicine for primary health care. The safety profile and its efficacy add on advantage for the incorporation of the natural products separately or in combination as a remedy for cancer. Flavonoids, the plant-based metabolites are proven for their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Their chemotherapeutic and chemosensitizing power had made it interesting for the researchers to dig more on the health benefits of the flavonoids and incorporating it in a holistic approach, with its natural benefits to relieve the pain and the symptoms of the patient suffering from various medical conditions. The predominant approach for the management of cancer is by following safe and effective treatment modality. In this review, we mentioned the benefits of the flavonoids for the management of various cancers and its potency as a chemotherapeutic agent and as the chemosensitizer. Our mother nature had given remedies to cure various diseases in both human beings and animals by it; we just need to find out the sources and access to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Karthika C, Sureshkumar R. "Can nature heal and be a possible remedy for the management of Covid- 19?". Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:e300821190175. [PMID: 33430752 DOI: 10.2174/1871526521999210111202954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has become a major challenge for health care professionals and researchers all over the world. The discovery and development of new drugs require time for passing the quality, safety, and efficacy criteria. Hence the only available option is to rely on herbal or natural remedies as well as other existing ones. Nature has its healing power and has the remedy for all the ailments from which life on earth is struggling. For this pandemic situation also, nature should have created a remedy but finding a loophole is in the hands of our researchers. In this hypothesis, a novel combination strategy is introduced with the existing drugs such as hydroxychloroquine and flavonoid in a volatile liquid-based Nanoformulation incorporated into an inhaler as a possible remedy for the management of coronavirus infection. The synergistic activity of this combination shall pave the way for an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of COVID- 19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, P.B.20, Rocklands, Ooty-643001, Tamil Nadu,. India
| | - Raman Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, P.B.20, Rocklands, Ooty-643001, Tamil Nadu,. India
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Karthika C, Sureshkumar R. Can curcumin along with chemotherapeutic drug and lipid provide an effective treatment of metastatic colon cancer and alter multidrug resistance? Med Hypotheses 2019; 132:109325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Janani SK, Sureshkumar R, Upadhyayula SSN, Karthika C, Vasanthi C. Will the polyphenol and adapalene combination be a good strategy on acne vulgaris? Med Hypotheses 2019; 133:109409. [PMID: 31581031 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common disease which affects about 85% of the population. Various topical drugs are available, but the retinoid derivatives are mostly taken into consideration. They are used as a first-line treatment drugs. However, they also have few side effects. Whereas, adapalene which is a third generation topical retinoid has fewer side effects compared to other derivatives. In this, we hypothesize that the combination therapy of adapalene and flavonoid could improve the efficacy and thereby it can also decrease the treatment time. Since, flavonoids possess multiple activities we assume that it can improve the action of the drug by showing a synergistic activity. Moreover, when we incorporate these two drugs in nanoemulgel, it can easily penetrate into the skin and produce its therapeutic action. Hence, we assume that if this hypothesis proves to be correct then this method will be an effective one in treating acne (pustule).
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Janani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ooty, India
| | - Raman Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ooty, India.
| | - Sai Surya Nikitha Upadhyayula
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ooty, India
| | - Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ooty, India
| | - C Vasanthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ooty, India
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Shivasaraun UV, Sureshkumar R, Karthika C, Puttappa N. Flavonoids as adjuvant in psoralen based photochemotherapy in the management of vitiligo/leucoderma. Med Hypotheses 2018; 121:26-30. [PMID: 30396481 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a disorder characterized by the decrease in melanin pigment of skin. This depigmenting disorder has prevalence among worldwide, irrespective of age and sex. There is an existence of different treatment modalities for the management of vitiligo. But irrespective of treatment methods, the main drawback in the management of vitiligo is the occurrence of side effects during the implication of treatment. Among the treatment modalities, photochemotherapy seems to be the better choice of treatment for vitiligo. Photochemotherapy involves the usage of UV rays for photoactivation of the drug to cause photosensitization of skin which in turn leads to repigmentation. The main aim of the study is to develop novel combination strategy of lipid based nanoemulsion gel for the treatment of leucoderma using trimethylpsoralen and flavonoid. We assume that if this hypothesis of combination therapy proves successful it can be used as an additional novel treatment strategy in the management of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- U V Shivasaraun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund 643001, India
| | - Raman Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund 643001, India.
| | - Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund 643001, India
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Sureshkumar R, Santhi S, Sangeetha V, Geetha N, Hariharan S. Significance of nucleophosmin1 (NPM1) gene mutation status on acute myeloid leukaemia patients with normal karyotype in South India. Mol Cytogenet 2014. [PMCID: PMC4044415 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-s1-p71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kumar RS, Sunderam RS, Sivakumar T, Sivakumar P, Sureshkumar R, Kanagasabi R, Vijaya M, Perumal BP, Gupta M, Mazumdar UK, Kumar MS, Kumar KA. Effect ofBauhinia racemosaStem Bark on N-nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats. Am J Chin Med 2012; 35:103-14. [PMID: 17265555 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x07004667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant defense system induced by the methanol extract of Bauhinia racemosa L.(MEBR) against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wister albino rats. The effects of MEBR on surface visible macroscopic (Morphometry) liver lesions (neoplastic nodules) and the levels of serum enzymes, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants were evaluated in NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.In rats treated, with NDEA, significantly elevated levels of serum enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP), bilirubin and decreased levels of protein and uric acid were observed. Significantly elevated amount of malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipidperoxidation, indicated higher levels of lipid peroxidation, which was accompanied by significantly decreased levels of antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Administration of MEBR was able to suppress nodule development/hepatocellular lesion formation in rats. The extract treatment increases in antioxidant levels and dramatic decreases in lipid peroxidation levels. MEBR also produced a protective effect by decreasing the level of serum enzymes, bilirubin and increased the protein and uric acid levels. The results suggest that MEBR exert chemopreventive effects by suppressing nodule development and decreasing lipid peroxidation and enhancing the levels of antioxidants in NDEA carcinogenesis by reducing the formation of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanathan Sambath Kumar
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, JKK Nataraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, Namakkal-638 183, Tamilnadu, India.
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Sureshkumar R, Bharath S, Jain S, Prakash O, Purushottam M, Thennarasu K, Mukherjee O, Sivakumar PT, Varghese M. ApoE4 and late onset depression in Indian population. J Affect Disord 2012; 136:244-8. [PMID: 22226379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ApoE4 is a 'risk factor' for cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's dementia, and Late Onset Depression (LOD) is a forerunner of dementia. There is thus a need to study the association between ApoE4 allele and LOD. METHOD The study assessed the frequency of ApoE4 allele in 31 cases of LOD above the age of 50 years and 31 matched controls. The subjects were assessed on various clinical parameters towards diagnosis. RESULTS There was a significant association between the ApoE4 allele and LOD in comparison to controls (Odd's ratio=4.7, Confidence Interval=1.12 to 19.79, P=0.035). ApoE4 allele had no association with the age of onset of depression, cognitive functions and severity of LOD. CONCLUSION Individuals with LOD have a significantly higher frequency of the ApoE4 allele. In other words, elderly in India with an ApoE4 allele have 4.7 times more risk of developing depression in old age. Within LOD group there is no difference between those with and without ApoE4 accordingly in age of onset of depression, cognitive functions and severity of LOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sureshkumar
- Geriatric Clinic & Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
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Sureshkumar R, Chin G. A case of haemoptysis, cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis and positive ANCA--immunosuppression or not? Intern Med J 2011; 40:e3-4. [PMID: 21260955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Senthil V, Gopalakrishnan S, Sureshkumar R, Jawahar N, Ganesh GNK, Nagasamyvenkatesh D. Mucoadhesive slow-release tablets of theophylline: Design and evaluation. Asian J Pharm 2010. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-8398.63979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Justin William B, Ayyappan S, Capt Dhana Jaya Rao G, Pushkinraj H, Kannan T, Sureshkumar R, Manjunath S, Murugan P, Srinivasan V, Abraham S. Intralesional application of autologous bone marrow stem cells with scaffold in canine for spinal cord injury. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2009; 5:64. [PMID: 24693048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Ayyappan
- Madras Veterinary College , Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Ta Kannan
- Madras Veterinary College , Chennai, India
| | | | - S Manjunath
- Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine , Chennai, India
| | - P Murugan
- Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine , Chennai, India
| | - V Srinivasan
- Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine , Chennai, India
| | - S Abraham
- Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine , Chennai, India ; Yamanashi University - Faculty of Medicine , Chuo, Japan
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Sureshkumar R, Munikumar, Ganesh GNK, Jawahar N, Nagasamyvenkatesh D, Senthil V, Raju L, Samantha MK. Formulation and evaluation of pectin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose coated curcumin pellets for colon delivery. Asian J Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-8398.55052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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McKenzie SA, Bhattacharya A, Sureshkumar R, Joshi B, Franklin A, Pickering R, Dundas I. Which obese children should have a sleep study? Respir Med 2008; 102:1581-5. [PMID: 18640017 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The UK government has recommended the development of obesity services for children. As obesity is common, studying every obese child for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) would be challenging and full paediatric sleep services are not available in every area in Europe. The purpose of this study was to consider how well clinical features predict significant OSA in obese children in order to help prioritise the need for sleep studies and subsequent treatment. METHODS Consecutive children referred for obesity management aged 2-16 years with a body mass index (BMI) of >2.5 z scores for age were offered a sleep study using overnight oximetry and audiovisual recordings. Significant OSA was defined as > or = 5 dips/h of >4% oxygen saturation or > or = 5 respiratory-event related arousals/h. RESULTS Forty-one of 158 (26%) children (mean BMI z score 3.7) had significant OSA and 95% of these had either reported apnoea, restless sleep or tonsillar hypertrophy (TH). Nineteen percent of all children had none of these features. BMI was not related to OSA. CONCLUSION If only obese children with reported apnoea, restless sleep or TH have a sleep study, 95% of all obese children with significant OSA will be identified using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A McKenzie
- 2nd floor, Fielden House, Royal London Hospital, Barts and the London NHS Trust, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, UK.
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Kim K, Adrian RJ, Balachandar S, Sureshkumar R. Dynamics of hairpin vortices and polymer-induced turbulent drag reduction. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:134504. [PMID: 18517960 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.134504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been known for over six decades that the dissolution of minute amounts of high molecular weight polymers in wall-bounded turbulent flows results in a dramatic reduction in turbulent skin friction by up to 70%. First principles simulations of turbulent flow of model polymer solutions can predict the drag reduction (DR) phenomenon. However, the essential dynamical interactions between the coherent structures present in turbulent flows and polymer conformation field that lead to DR are poorly understood. We examine this connection via dynamical simulations that track the evolution of hairpin vortices, i.e., counter-rotating pairs of quasistreamwise vortices whose nonlinear autogeneration and growth, decay and breakup are centrally important to turbulence stress production. The results show that the autogeneration of new vortices is suppressed by the polymer stresses, thereby decreasing the turbulent drag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungyoun Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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Lakshmi ND, Ganesh TN, Ayyappan S, Shafiuzama MD, Sureshkumar R. Management of a distal metaphyseal radial fracture in a dog with a mini T-plate. Vet Rec 2007; 161:791-792. [PMID: 18065816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Dhana Lakshmi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai 7, Tamil Nadu, India
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Thomas DG, Sureshkumar R, Khomami B. Pattern formation in Taylor-Couette flow of dilute polymer solutions: dynamical simulations and mechanism. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:054501. [PMID: 17026104 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.054501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report spatiotemporal pattern formation in Taylor-Couette flow (i.e., flow between rotating cylinders) of viscoelastic dilute polymer solutions obtained for the first time from first-principles dynamical simulations. Solution structures with varying spatial and temporal symmetries, such as rotating standing waves, flames, disordered oscillations, and solitary vortex solutions which include diwhirls (stationary and axisymmetric) and oscillatory strips (axisymmetric or nonaxisymmetric), are observed, depending on the ratio of fluid relaxation time to the time period of inner cylinder rotation. The flow-microstructure coupling mechanisms underlying the pattern formation process are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Thomas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Center for Materials Innovation, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Kulkarni P, Sureshkumar R, Biswas P. Hierarchical approach to model multilayer colloidal deposition in porous media. Environ Sci Technol 2005; 39:6361-70. [PMID: 16190188 DOI: 10.1021/es0500557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Particle deposition is important in many environmental systems such as water and wastewater filtration, air pollution control, subsurface transport, biofilm formation and fouling, and thin film synthesis for use in remediation technologies. While continuum-level models have been developed to predict deposition dynamics in these systems, these models fail to explain transient dynamics of multilayer deposition from a mechanistic viewpoint. In this work, a multiscale approach has been developed to predict multiple layer irreversible colloidal deposition in the presence of interparticle electrostatic and van der Waals interactions in porous media. The approach combines the kinetic information obtained from the mesoscopic stochastic simulations of particle deposition with the macroscopic conservation equation describing colloidal transport. Sequential Brownian dynamics simulations are first performed by accounting for particle-particle (P-P) and particle-surface (P-S) interactions, and multilayered particle deposits are obtained. The available surface function quantifying the deposition kinetics is then obtained from the deposit microstructure. Deposition dynamics are studied at different ionic strengths and particle potentials that control the range and magnitude of interparticle interactions. Simulation results showed that the microstructure of the particle deposits formed under the influence of P-P and P-S electrostatic interactions exhibited significant variations with respect to ionic strength and could be qualitatively explained bythe interplay between the repulsive and attractive P-P and P-S interaction forces. The available surface function also varied significantly as a function of ionic strength. This basic understanding of the deposition dynamics at the mesoscale was then combined with the continuum-level transport equations to predict particle breakthrough curves in porous media. The approach is capable of capturing transient features of deposition dynamics, as demonstrated by the good agreement between the model predictions and the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kulkarni
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Building 815E, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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Sureshkumar R. Conducting successful ward rounds. West J Med 2003. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.327.7427.s180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Sequential lattice Monte Carlo simulations, in which the transition probabilities are derived from the discrete form of the continuum-level mass conservation law, are used to predict the morphology of colloidal deposits. The simulations account for particle-surface (P-S) and particle-particle (P-P) electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. Simulation results for maximum coverage for monolayer deposition are in quantitative agreement with the hard-sphere RSA jamming limit. Moreover, as reported in earlier studies, monolayer simulations in the absence of P-S interactions qualitatively predict the monotonic increases in fractional coverage with increasing ionic strength, characterized by the Debye screening length (kappa a). Monolayer simulations with P-S interactions show that the dependence of fractional coverage on kappa a is strongly influenced by the ratio of particle to surface potentials (Psi(p)/Psi(s)). P-S and P-P forces achieve their respective maximum at different values of kappa a leading to a nonmonotonic trend in surface coverage as a function of kappa a. These results indicate that the incorporation of P-S interactions into colloidal deposition studies allows more accurate interpretation of the experimental data. In multilayer deposition simulations, balance between long-ranged weak interactions and short-ranged strong interactions between P-P and P-S, coupled with physical screening effects, resulted in widely varying coverages with height of the deposit, ionic strength, and Psi(p)/Psi(s). Moreover, fractal dimension of the deposit ranged from approximately 1 (kappa a << 1) to 1.7 (kappa a >> 1). Qualitative kinetic analysis showed widely varying deposition rates in different layers depending on Psi(p)/Psi(s) and ionic strength. The multilayer system approached the monolayer system in the limit kappa a--> infinity and Psi(p)/Psi(s)--> infinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kulkarni
- Environmental Engineering Science Program, Campus Box 1180, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sureshkumar
- Department of Paediatrics, Poole Hospital, Dorset, UK.
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Lin B, Sureshkumar R, Kardos J. Electropolymerization of pyrrole on PAN-based carbon fibers: experimental observations and a multiscale modeling approach. Chem Eng Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2509(01)00313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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