26
|
Tsang RSW, Shuel M, Whyte K, Hoang L, Tyrrell G, Horsman G, Wylie J, Jamieson F, Lefebvre B, Haldane D, Gad RR, German GJ, Needle R. Antibiotic susceptibility and molecular analysis of invasive Haemophilus influenzae in Canada, 2007 to 2014. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:1314-1319. [PMID: 28137937 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously we studied the antibiotic susceptibility of invasive Haemophilus influenzae collected in Canada from 1990 to 2006 and characterized isolates by serotype, MLST and ftsI gene sequencing for significant PBP3 mutations. Objectives To provide an update based on isolates collected from 2007 to 2014. Methods A total of 882 case isolates were characterized by serotype using slide agglutination and PCR. MLST was carried out to determine ST. Isolates were tested for β-lactamase production, presence of significant PBP3 mutations and antibiotic susceptibility by disc diffusion against 14 antibiotics. MIC values of three antibiotics were determined for 316 isolates using microbroth dilution. Results Non-typeable H. influenzae accounted for 54.6% of the isolates and 45.4% were serotypeable, predominantly type a (23.1%), type b (8.3%) and type f (10.8%). The overall rate of ampicillin resistance due to β-lactamase production was 16.4% and increased from 13.5% in 2007-10 to 19% in 2011-14. Significant PBP3 mutations were identified in 129 isolates (14.6%) with 23 (2.6%) also producing β-lactamase. MLST identified related STs (ST-136, ST-14 and ST-367) associated exclusively with genetically β-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant isolates and confirmed previously reported associations between significant PBP3 mutations and ST. Conclusions A significant increase in β-lactamase-producing isolates was observed from 2007 to 2014; the rate of significant PBP3 mutations has increased since previously reported and 52.5% of non-typeable H. influenzae now show resistance markers. Resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was common and no resistance to fluoroquinolones or third-generation cephalosporins was found.
Collapse
|
27
|
Fontenot KR, Edwards JV, Haldane D, Pircher N, Liebner F, Condon BD, Qureshi H, Yager D. Designing cellulosic and nanocellulosic sensors for interface with a protease sequestrant wound-dressing prototype: Implications of material selection for dressing and protease sensor design. J Biomater Appl 2017; 32:622-637. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328217735049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interfacing nanocellulosic-based biosensors with chronic wound dressings for protease point of care diagnostics combines functional material properties of high specific surface area, appropriate surface charge, and hydrophilicity with biocompatibility to the wound environment. Combining a protease sensor with a dressing is consistent with the concept of an intelligent dressing, which has been a goal of wound-dressing design for more than a quarter century. We present here biosensors with a nanocellulosic transducer surface (nanocrystals, nanocellulose composites, and nanocellulosic aerogels) immobilized with a fluorescent elastase tripeptide or tetrapeptide biomolecule, which has selectivity and affinity for human neutrophil elastase present in chronic wound fluid. The specific surface area of the materials correlates with a greater loading of the elastase peptide substrate. Nitrogen adsorption and mercury intrusion studies revealed gas permeable systems with different porosities (28–98%) and pore sizes (2–50 nm, 210 µm) respectively, which influence water vapor transmission rates. A correlation between zeta potential values and the degree of protease sequestration imply that the greater the negative surface charge of the nanomaterials, the greater the sequestration of positively charged neutrophil proteases. The biosensors gave detection sensitivities of 0.015–0.13 units/ml, which are at detectable human neutrophil elastase levels present in chronic wound fluid. Thus, the physical and interactive biochemical properties of the nano-based biosensors are suitable for interfacing with protease sequestrant prototype wound dressings. A discussion of the relevance of protease sensors and cellulose nanomaterials to current chronic wound dressing design and technology is included.
Collapse
|
28
|
Haldane D. Health and Safety in a Changing World. Occup Med (Lond) 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
29
|
Tsang RSW, Hoang L, Tyrrell GJ, Horsman G, Van Caeseele P, Jamieson F, Lefebvre B, Haldane D, Gad RR, German GJ, Zahariadis G. Increase in Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W invasive disease in Canada: 2009-2016. CANADA COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT = RELEVE DES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES AU CANADA 2017; 43:144-149. [PMID: 29770081 PMCID: PMC5764745 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v43i78a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
30
|
Demczuk WHB, Martin I, Hoang L, Van Caeseele P, Lefebvre B, Horsman G, Haldane D, Gubbay J, Ratnam S, German G, Daley Bernier J, Strudwick L, McGeer A, Zhanel GG, Van Domselaar G, Graham M, Mulvey MR. Phylogenetic analysis of emergent Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 22F causing invasive pneumococcal disease using whole genome sequencing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178040. [PMID: 28531208 PMCID: PMC5439729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since implementation of the 13-valent polyvalent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Canada during 2010, the proportion of PCV13 serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has declined from 55% (n = 1492) in 2010 to 31% (n = 764) in 2014. A concurrent increase of non-PCV13 serotypes has occurred and 22F has become the most prevalent serotype in Canada increasing from 7% (n = 183) to 11% (n = 283). Core single nucleotide variant phylogenetic analysis was performed on 137 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 22F isolates collected across Canada from 2005-2015. Six phylogenetic lineages (n = 117) were identified among a serotype 22F/ST433 clonal complex (CC), including a recently expanding erythromycin-resistant clone. Erythromycin-resistance was observed in 25 isolates possessing ermB, mef or a 23S rRNA A2061G point mutation; 2 penicillin-resistant isolates had recombinant pbp1a, pbp2a and/or pbp2x; 3 tetracycline-resistant isolates contained tetM; and 1 isolate was multidrug-resistant. Virulence factor analysis indicated a high level of homogeneity among the 22F/ST433 clonal complex strains. A group of 6 phylogenetic outlier strains had differing MLST, antimicrobial resistance and molecular profiles suggestive of capsule switching events. While capsule switch events among S. pneumoniae serotype 22F has been observed, increasing prevalence of S. pneumoniae serotype 22F can be attributed to an evolving homogenous clone expanding nationally through local transmission events.
Collapse
|
31
|
Martin I, Sawatzky P, Liu G, Allen V, Lefebvre B, Hoang L, Drews S, Horsman G, Wylie J, Haldane D, Garceau R, Ratnam S, Wong T, Archibald C, Mulvey MR. Decline in Decreased Cephalosporin Susceptibility and Increase in Azithromycin Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:65-7. [PMID: 26689114 PMCID: PMC4696705 DOI: 10.3201/eid2201.151247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Canada during 2010–2014. The proportion of isolates with decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins declined significantly between 2011 and 2014, whereas azithromycin resistance increased significantly during that period. Continued surveillance of antimicrobial drug susceptibilities is imperative to inform treatment guidelines.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hatchette TF, Johnston BL, Schleihauf E, Mask A, Haldane D, Drebot M, Baikie M, Cole TJ, Fleming S, Gould R, Lindsay R. Epidemiology of Lyme Disease, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2002-2013. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:1751-8. [PMID: 26401788 PMCID: PMC4593424 DOI: 10.3201/eid2110.141640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nova Scotia has the highest reported incidence in Canada, but risk is localized to identified disease-endemic regions. Ixodes scapularis ticks, which transmit Borreliaburgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease (LD), are endemic to at least 6 regions of Nova Scotia, Canada. To assess the epidemiology and prevalence of LD in Nova Scotia, we analyzed data from 329 persons with LD reported in Nova Scotia during 2002–2013. Most patients reported symptoms of early localized infection with rash (89.7%), influenza-like illness (69.6%), or both; clinician-diagnosed erythema migrans was documented for 53.2%. In a separate serosurvey, of 1,855 serum samples screened for antibodies to B.burgdorferi, 2 were borderline positive (both with an indeterminate IgG on Western blot), resulting in an estimated seroprevalence of 0.14% (95% CI 0.02%–0.51%). Although LD incidence in Nova Scotia has risen sharply since 2002 and is the highest in Canada (16/100,000 population in 2013), the estimated number of residents with evidence of infection is low, and risk is localized to currently identified LD-endemic regions.
Collapse
|
33
|
Haldane D. Constructive Ergonomics. Occup Med (Lond) 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqw006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
34
|
|
35
|
Haldane D. Treating Self-injury: A Practical Guide. Occup Med (Lond) 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqt120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
36
|
Mulvey MR, Boyd DA, Finley R, Fakharuddin K, Langner S, Allen V, Ang L, Bekal S, El Bailey S, Haldane D, Hoang L, Horsman G, Louis M, Robberts L, Wylie J. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky in Canada. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19:999-1001. [PMID: 23735312 PMCID: PMC3713822 DOI: 10.3201/eid1906.121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky in Canada during 2003-2009. All isolates had similar macrorestriction patterns and were multilocus sequence type ST198, which has been observed in Europe and Africa. Ciprofloxacin-resistant S. enterica serovar Kentucky represents 66% of all ciprofloxacin-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella sp. isolates observed in Canada since 2003.
Collapse
|
37
|
Martin I, Sawatzky P, Liu G, Allen V, Lefebvre B, Hoang L, Lovgren M, Haldane D, Caeseele PV, Horsman G, Garceau R, Ratnam S, Wong T, Gilmour M. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and distribution of sequence types of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Canada: 2010. Can J Microbiol 2013; 59:671-8. [PMID: 24102220 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2013-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibilities in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and characterization of N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence types (NG-MAST, ST) provide important surveillance data as resistance rates continue to rise. A total of 2970 N. gonorrhoeae isolates were collected by Canadian provincial public health laboratories in 2010, and 1233 were submitted to the National Microbiology Laboratory for testing. The NG-MAST and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by agar dilution were determined for each isolate. Of the 2970 isolates, 25.1% were resistant to penicillin, 34.6% resistant to tetracycline, 31.5% resistant to erythromycin, 35.9% resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 1.2% resistant to azithromycin. Decreased susceptibility to cefixime (MIC ≥ 0.25 mg/L) and ceftriaxone (MIC ≥ 0.125 mg/L) was identified in 3.2% and 7.3% of the isolates, respectively. The most common STs found in Canada were ST1407 (13.3%), ST3150 (11.3%), and ST3158 (9.0%), with 249 different STs identified among the isolates. Within the ST1407 group, 19.5% and 43.3% isolates have decreased susceptibility to cefixime and ceftriaxone, respectively. ST1407, the most prevalent NG-MAST in Canada in 2010, has been associated with high-level ceftriaxone MICs and with cefixime treatment failure cases worldwide. Identification and monitoring of STs and corresponding antimicrobial resistance profiles may be useful in surveillance programs and be used to inform public health actions.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mulvey MR, Finley R, Allen V, Ang L, Bekal S, El Bailey S, Haldane D, Hoang L, Horsman G, Louie M, Robberts L, Wylie J, McCracken M, Langner S, Ahmed R, Tabor H, Gilmour M. Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- involving human cases in Canada: results from the Canadian Integrated Program on Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS), 2003-10. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:1982-6. [PMID: 23710071 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Over the last decade, a marked increase in Salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- with a core resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracycline (ASSuT) has been observed in Europe. This study describes the emergence and characterization of isolates of multidrug-resistant Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- in Canada. METHODS Human clinical isolates of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- were identified by provincial laboratories from 2003 to 2010. Serotyping and phage typing were performed by standardized methodologies. MIC values were determined using broth microdilution. PCR was used to determine the presence of resistance genes. Multilocus sequence typing was performed on a selected number of isolates. RESULTS A total of 26 251 Salmonella were submitted as part of the Canadian Integrated Program on Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS). Of these, Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- accounted for a total of 766 isolates (2.9%), and the number increased significantly from 42 (1.4%) in 2003 to 164 (4.8%) in 2010. The ASSuT+ phenotype was observed in 11.9% (n = 91) of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- isolates and increased from two isolates in 2003 to 35 isolates in 2010. Two sequence types (STs) were observed. ST34 was mainly associated with the ASSuT isolates (n = 24; 38%), which contained blaTEM, strA-strB, tet(B) and sul2. ST19 was more likely to be associated with the ACSSuT phenotype and contained blaTEM, floR, strA-strB, sul2 and tet(A) or blaPSE-1, floR, aadA2, sul1 and tet(G). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- has significantly increased from 2003 to 2010 and it is now the fifth most common serotype reported in Canada causing human disease. Similar antimicrobial resistance patterns, phage types and STs have been observed in Europe.
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang S, Haldane D, Liang R, Smithyman J, Zhang C, Wang B. Nanoscale infiltration behaviour and through-thickness permeability of carbon nanotube buckypapers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:015704. [PMID: 23221271 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/1/015704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube thin films or 'buckypapers' show potential for various applications including electrodes for energy devices, nanoscale filtration devices and composite materials. This paper reports on the study of through-thickness permeability of different buckypaper materials. The infiltration behaviours of different liquids into four types of buckypaper were investigated. Infiltration of the liquids into buckypaper was found to follow Darcy's law, except in the case of epoxy resin solution permeation into SWNT buckypaper. The results revealed that the permeability of SWNT buckypaper was of the order of 10(-19) m(2), which is about two orders of magnitude lower than the 10(-17) m(2) permeability for the MWNT buckypaper. The factors of wider pores, higher porosity and less surface area appear to contribute to a higher permeability, which is consistent with Darcy's law and the Kozeny-Carman model. The Kozeny constants of buckypapers correlated well with the tortuosity of their flow paths and nanoscale pore size. The polarity of working fluids did not show an impact on the permeability. Solutions with molecular size near the size of the nanopores in the buckypaper led to lower permeability due to the occurrence of pore blockage. In addition, a threshold pressure existed for liquid to infiltrate into nanoscale pores in buckypapers, which does not exist in fibre reinforcement preforms.
Collapse
|
40
|
Haldane D. Employment Law Handbook. Occup Med (Lond) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
41
|
Haldane D. Introduction to Occupational Health in Public Health Practice. Occup Med (Lond) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqr202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
42
|
|
43
|
Haldane D. Using CBT in General Practice. The 10 Minute Consultation. Occup Med (Lond) 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqp049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
44
|
Haldane D. Psychiatry. A Very Short Introduction. Occup Med (Lond) 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqn105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
45
|
Haldane D. Fitness for Work. The Medical Aspects. Occup Med (Lond) 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqm121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
46
|
Haldane D. CBT for Occupational Stress in Health Professionals. Introducing a Schema-Based Approach. Occup Med (Lond) 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kql164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
47
|
Haldane D. British Association of Dermatologists: Latex Allergy: http://www.bad.org.uk/public/leaflets/bad_patient_information_gateway_leaflets/latex/index.asp. Occup Med (Lond) 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kql172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
48
|
|
49
|
Haldane D. Occderm: http://www.occderm.asn.au. Occup Med (Lond) 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kql142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
50
|
Haldane D. Drugscope. Occup Med (Lond) 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kql082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|