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Seoud MA, Alley DC, Smith DL, Levy DL. Prenatal sonographic findings in trisomy 13, 18, 21 and 22. A review of 46 cases. THE JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 1994; 39:781-7. [PMID: 7837124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A study of 46 patients with trisomic fetuses was performed to determine if there are one or more second-trimester ultrasonic findings predictive of aneuploidy. Videotapes of ultrasonography performed prior to amniocentesis on the 46 fetuses with autosomal trisomy and from a control group of 50 chromosomally normal fetuses were reviewed without knowledge of the karyotype. Fetuses with autosomal trisomies had short long bones, especially femurs, as well as high biparietal diameter/femur length ratios. In addition, a nuchal thickness of > 5 mm, abnormal heart anatomy, slight pyelectasis, increased bowel echogenicity and/or abnormal flexion of the hands were all predictive of autosomal trisomies.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amniocentesis
- Biometry
- Chromosome Aberrations/diagnostic imaging
- Chromosome Disorders
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Female
- Femur/abnormalities
- Fetal Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Fetal Diseases/physiopathology
- Heart Defects, Congenital
- Humans
- Intestines/abnormalities
- Kidney Pelvis/abnormalities
- Maternal Age
- Neck/abnormalities
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, Second
- Trisomy/diagnosis
- Trisomy/physiopathology
- Ultrasonography, Prenatal
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Levy DL. Morbidity caused by terbutaline infusion pump therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170:1835. [PMID: 8203446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Seoud MA, Cantwell C, Nobles G, Levy DL. Outcome of pregnancies complicated by sickle cell and sickle-C hemoglobinopathies. Am J Perinatol 1994; 11:187-91. [PMID: 8048982 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1040742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Retrospective analysis was made of office and hospital records of patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies. Blood products were transfused only when indicated for symptomatic anemia, severe anemia with a hematocrit less than 18%, sickle crisis, cardiovascular instability, and preoperatively. The Fisher exact test and the Student t test were used for statistical analysis; P < 0.05 was considered significant. All mean values are reported +/- 1 standard deviation. From 1981 to 1991, 40 patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies had a total of 61 singleton pregnancies: 36 were complicated by SS disease (SSD), 22 by sickle cell disease (SCD), two by sickle-thalassemia, and one had CC disease (CCD). Only patients with SSD and SCD are reported here. The mean maternal age was 24.3 +/- 5.3 and 19.5 +/- 0.6 years in patients with SSD and SCD, respectively. There was a high occurrence of preterm labor (45% and 20%), preeclampsia (20% and 8.7%), pain crisis (50% and 34.2%), pulmonary complications (25% and 16.7%), and cesarean sections (52.6% and 37.1%) in SSD and SCD, respectively. An average of two units of blood was required by 43.1% of the patients. Two patients with SSD had unpreventable deaths. The mean gestational age at delivery was 35.5 +/- 4.3 and 37.0 +/- 3.7 weeks (P < 0.05), and the mean birthweight was 2443 +/- 926 and 2997 +/- 807 g (P < 0.05), respectively. There were two intrauterine fetal deaths and one neonatal death in the SSD group and one neonatal death in the SCD group. The perinatal mortality was 10.5% and 2.9%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Abstract
The replications of the finding of eye tracking dysfunction (ETD) in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives suggest that ETD may be informative in studies of a schizophrenia genotype having broadly defined phenotypes. We review and critically assess the literature on ETD with respect to syndrome and familial specificity and discuss the quantitative assessment of eye tracking.
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Levy DL, Smith M, Robinson D, Jody D, Lerner G, Alvir J, Geisler SH, Szymanski SR, Gonzalez A, Mayerhoff DI. Methylphenidate increases thought disorder in recent onset schizophrenics, but not in normal controls. Biol Psychiatry 1993; 34:507-14. [PMID: 8274577 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90192-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of apomorphine and methylphenidate on thought disorder, as measured by the Thought Disorder Index, in schizophrenic patients and in normal controls were evaluated. Methylphenidate, but not apomorphine, increased thought disorder in patients. Neither drug significantly increased thought disorder in controls.
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31
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Kinney DK, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Levy DL, Medoff D, Lajonchere CM, Radford-Paregol M. Obstetrical complications in patients with bipolar disorder and their siblings. Psychiatry Res 1993; 48:47-56. [PMID: 8416018 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90112-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Although indirect evidence suggests that obstetric complications are risk factors for bipolar disorder, few studies have directly addressed this question. Probands with bipolar disorder and their adult siblings were diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria by clinicians who had no knowledge of the subjects' obstetrical histories. Hospital records on gestations and births of 16 probands and 20 of their siblings without major mood disorders were scored for obstetric complications without knowledge of diagnosis. The assessment of obstetrical history was based on rating scales that have proved reliable and that reflect the number and severity of complications. Overall complication scores were significantly more severe in probands than siblings. Differences were most marked for perinatal complications.
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Lieberman JA, Jody D, Alvir JM, Ashtari M, Levy DL, Bogerts B, Degreef G, Mayerhoff DI, Cooper T. Brain morphology, dopamine, and eye-tracking abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia. Prevalence and clinical correlates. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1993; 50:357-68. [PMID: 8489325 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820170035005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and to identify biologic markers in first-episode patients with no or little prior treatment exposure. DESIGN Prospective study of an inception cohort. SETTING Psychiatric division of an academic medical center with a suburban metropolitan catchment area. PATIENTS 70 patients in their first episode of schizophrenia (77%) or schizoaffective disorder (23%) with no (70%) or limited prior neuroleptic exposure (30%), and 50 healthy volunteer control subjects. ASSESSMENT MEASURES: Demographic and clinical evaluations of natural history and psychopathology; methylphenidate hydrochloride and apomorphine hydrochloride stimulation tests as measures of central nervous system dopamine activity; brain magnetic resonance imaging; eye-tracking examinations. RESULTS Preliminary analyses demonstrate that pathobiologic features previously identified in heterogeneous and primarily chronically ill patients are also present in subgroups during their first episode. These include psychotogenic response to methylphenidate (59%), abnormal growth hormone (GH) secretion (50%), abnormal brain morphology (31%), and eye-tracking dysfunction (51%). An association of pathobiologic variables with increased symptom severity and earlier age of onset was observed but not statistically significant. The strongest associations among biologic variables were for the following: GH secretion and psychotogenic response to methylphenidate, which may reflect increased dopamine agonist neural activity; decreased GH response to apomorphine and third-ventricle enlargement, which may represent a neuropathologic correlate of anterior pituitary abnormalities; and morphologic abnormalities of the medial temporal lobe and third ventricle were associated with normal eye tracking, suggesting that these pathobiologic features are mediated by distinct processes. CONCLUSIONS These phenomena appear to be a consequence of the disease rather than the effects of chronicity, drug treatment, or institutionalization. It remains to be determined if these biologic phenomena will remain stable over time or change with disease progression. A companion article examines the clinical significance of these findings.
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Levy DL, Holzman PS, Matthysse S, Mendell NR. Eye tracking dysfunction and schizophrenia: a critical perspective. Schizophr Bull 1993; 19:461-536. [PMID: 8235455 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/19.3.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Eye tracking dysfunction (ETD) has been found in large numbers of schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives. Because of the many replications of the central findings, ETD has been proposed as a useful way of expanding the schizophrenia phenotype in genetic studies. We critically review the literature on ETD with respect to issues of measurement and the search for quantitative indices of ETD; syndrome and familial specificity of ETD for schizophrenia; statistical, interpretive, and methodological considerations in the use of mixture analysis; the association of ETD with clinically and psychometrically defined schizotypy; and the questions of trait stability and medication effects.
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Levy DL. Mortality and morbidity after intrapartum asphyxia in the preterm fetus. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 80:892; author reply 893-4. [PMID: 1407937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Levy DL, Bogerts B, Degreef G, Dorogusker B, Waternaux C, Ashtari M, Jody D, Geisler S, Lieberman JA. Normal eye tracking is associated with abnormal morphology of medial temporal lobe structures in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1992; 8:1-10. [PMID: 1419933 DOI: 10.1016/0920-9964(92)90055-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Eye tracking and brain morphology assessed by magnetic resonance imaging were examined in 48 patients in their first episode of schizophrenia and in 15 normal controls. Schizophrenic patients showed higher rates of eye tracking dysfunction and more abnormal brain morphology involving the lateral ventricles, medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures and the frontal-parietal cortex than controls. Enlargement of the lateral ventricles and global rating of abnormal brain morphology were significantly more prevalent in male schizophrenics than female schizophrenics. These findings indicate that abnormalities in a variety of brain regions are present in some schizophrenics during the period shortly after the first hospitalization and could not be a function of treatment or chronic illness. We found no relation between abnormal eye tracking and any single feature of abnormal brain morphology. However, normal eye tracking was significantly associated with MTL abnormalities in schizophrenics, reflecting an inverse association between quality of eye tracking and degree of abnormality in MTL structures. These results suggest that abnormal eye tracking is not mediated by the same processes that lead to structural brain anomalies in schizophrenia.
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Matthysse S, Levy DL, Kinney D, Deutsch C, Lajonchere C, Yurgelun-Todd D, Woods B, Holzman PS. Gene expression in mental illness: a navigation chart to future progress. J Psychiatr Res 1992; 26:461-73. [PMID: 1491362 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(92)90046-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An initial course in disentangling complex causal interactions in psychiatric illnesses, we suggest, is finding co-familial traits with classical Mendelian segregation. Starting with non-Mendelian traits, three methods can be used to find underlying Mendelian phenotypes. (1) Statistically-inferred latent traits, with more nearly Mendelian transmission than the measures from which they are derived, can serve as pointers to concrete Mendelian phenotypes. (2) Linkage of non-Mendelian traits to genetic markers, if it can be established, can be followed by searching for phenotypes that discriminate carriers from non-carriers of the imputed trait gene. (3) In the long run, the most successful method is likely to be direct refinement of non-Mendelian behavioral and physiological traits into more fundamental components.
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37
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Abramowicz JS, Sherer DM, Warsof SL, Levy DL. Fetoplacental and uteroplacental Doppler blood flow velocity analysis in premature rupture of membranes. Am J Perinatol 1992; 9:353-6. [PMID: 1418132 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-999263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The value of Doppler velocimetry in predicting fetal distress or perinatal infection was investigated in 60 patients with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) between 25 and 38 weeks of gestation. Studies were performed in the umbilical and uterine arteries after admission to the hospital and repeated every 24 to 76 hours until delivery. Results of the last study, performed less than 24 hours before delivery and comparison between longitudinal studies in the same patient, failed to disclose statistical differences between patients who did or did not develop the perinatal complications under study. We conclude that Doppler velocimetry is not a sensitive enough means of predicting fetal distress or infection in PROM.
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38
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Levy DL. Fetal-neonatal thrombocytopenia: mode of delivery? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164:1362-3. [PMID: 2035582 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(91)90719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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39
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Kuhlmann RS, Werner AL, Abramowicz J, Warsof SL, Arrington J, Levy DL. Placental histology in fetuses between 18 and 23 weeks' gestation with abnormal karyotype. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163:1264-70. [PMID: 2220940 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90704-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Placentas from karyotypically abnormal fetuses (18 to 23 weeks' gestation) were analyzed prospectively at the light microscopic level. Group I consisted of 14 control placentas. Group II consisted of 14 placentas from fetuses with an abnormal karyotype. Secondary and tertiary stem villi counts, small muscular artery counts, and total vessel counts were determined per 100 x field. There were no differences in secondary and tertiary stem villi counts between groups. A significant decrease in small muscular artery counts (p less than 0.01) and total vessel counts (p less than 0.01) was noted in group II. Placental and fetal weights were comparable between groups. This undervascularization may represent placental immaturity as a result of arrested or delayed angiopoiesis. It appears that this abnormality is established before the third trimester and may be enhanced by late vascular obliteration as reported by others. These data substantiate the concept that the structure and function of the placenta is determined to a great degree by fetal karyotype and may help explain the morbidity and mortality seen in these fetuses.
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40
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Brem AS, DiMario C, Levy DL. Perceived aluminum-related disease in a dialysis population. A report from the End-Stage Renal Disease Network 28. ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 1989; 149:2541-4. [PMID: 2818112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A survey to assess the perceived prevalence of aluminum-related disease was conducted by the Medical Review Board of the End-Stage Renal Disease Network 28 from 1986 to 1987. Responses were obtained for 855 of 3000 patients on dialysis representing 17 of 39 participating dialysis units within the network. Almost 40% of the patients surveyed had been receiving dialysis therapy for over 3 years. Patients on hemodialysis (83% of the study group) had the water used to prepare the dialysate pretreated. Serum aluminum determinations were obtained in 240 (28%) of the 855 patients; other methods of assessing body aluminum burden were performed in less than 10% of the survey population. When obtained, elevated serum aluminum measurements were more likely to be found with each year patients were given dialysis and with each year patients were treated with oral aluminum gels. With the exception of patients with bone pain, clinical signs and symptoms did not correlate with elevated serum aluminum. However, the prevalence of muscle weakness, bone pain, fractures, and dementia in the survey group did correlate with years on dialysis and/or years receiving oral aluminum gels. Data gathered from this survey are consistent with the view that signs and symptoms suggestive of an increased body aluminum burden occur in the minority of patients on dialysis. Nevertheless, patients at risk for aluminum intoxication (years on dialysis, years receiving gels, patients with clinical signs) may not be adequately identified.
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41
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Holzman PS, Matthysse S, Levy DL. Eye tracking dysfunction is associated with partial trisomy of chromosome 5 and schizophrenia: a response. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1989; 46:756-8. [PMID: 2751406 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810080086013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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42
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Abramowicz JS, Warsof SL, Doyle DL, Smith D, Levy DL. Congenital cystic hygroma of the neck diagnosed prenatally: outcome with normal and abnormal karyotype. Prenat Diagn 1989; 9:321-7. [PMID: 2657709 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1970090504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-two cases of cystic hygromas were diagnosed prenatally at Eastern Virginia Medical School and followed through the neonatal period. Our series was combined with 131 cases which have been described in the literature. Karyotypes were obtained in 110 fetuses and 80 (72.7 per cent) were abnormal. Fifty-one were not terminated: 30 with abnormal and 21 with normal karyotypes. There were no neonatal survivors in the group with abnormal karyotypes. There were five survivors in the 21 with normal karyotypes but only 2/21 without severe medical complications. Combining our series with those previously reported in the literature would suggest only a 2-3 per cent rate of intact survivors when fetal cystic hygromas are diagnosed in utero. This information should be helpful when counselling patients whose pregnancies carry this diagnosis.
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43
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Holzman PS, Kringlen E, Matthysse S, Flanagan SD, Lipton RB, Cramer G, Levin S, Lange K, Levy DL. A single dominant gene can account for eye tracking dysfunctions and schizophrenia in offspring of discordant twins. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1988; 45:641-7. [PMID: 3164183 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800310049006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Eye movement dysfunctions (EMDs), detectable during smooth pursuit, occur in a majority of schizophrenics and in 45% of their first-degree relatives. Previous data suggest that they represent a biologic marker for schizophrenia. To determine the mode of transmission of the schizophrenia-EMD complex, the eye movements of offspring of monozygotic and dizygotic twins were recorded. One group of twins was discordant for schizophrenia; the other group for manic depression or reactive psychosis. The data suggest that EMDs and at least some schizophrenias can be considered expressions of a single underlying trait that is transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene.
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44
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Warsof SL, Abramowicz JS, Sayegh SK, Levy DL. Lower limb movements and urologic function in fetuses with neural tube and other central nervous system defects. FETAL THERAPY 1988; 3:129-34. [PMID: 3077584 DOI: 10.1159/000263344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lower limb movements and urologic systems were evaluated by prenatal ultrasound in 120 fetuses with either neural tube defects or intracranial anomalies. Despite anticipated major lower extremity and bladder dysfunction, lower limb movements were seen in 100% of the fetuses with anencephaly and encephaloceles, 93% with isolated spina bifida, 60% with complex spina bifida and 90% with abnormal intracranial findings. In all the cases except those with cloacal exstrophy, fetal bladder and collecting systems appeared normal. Therefore, fetal lower limb movements and urinary tract integrity appear to have no diagnostic or prognostic value in fetuses with neural tube defects or other central nervous system anomalies. These diagnoses can only be made by direct ultrasound observation of the lesion itself.
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45
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Yee RD, Baloh RW, Marder SR, Levy DL, Sakala SM, Honrubia V. Eye movements in schizophrenia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1987; 28:366-74. [PMID: 8591920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Smooth pursuit and other eye movements were quantitatively studied in patients with chronic schizophrenia to characterize the pattern and severity of eye movement abnormalities in this disorder. Twenty-one patients with schizophrenia, 13 patients with other psychiatric disorders (manic-depressive psychosis, schizoaffective disorder, depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder), and 19 normal subjects were studied. Horizontal eye movements were recorded with DC electro-oculography and analyzed by an online computer system. Eye velocity and closed-loop gain of pursuit, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), vestibulo-ocular response (VOR) and visual-vestibular interactions were calculated. The latency, accuracy and peak velocity-amplitude relationships of voluntary saccades were measured. The group mean gains of pursuit and OKN of the schizophrenic patients were significantly lower than those of the normal subjects. Suppression of the VOR by fixation was impaired, and the latency of saccades was prolonged. However, the differences in group mean values were small in magnitude, and the frequencies of outliers among the schizophrenic patients were low. The patients with other psychiatric disorders had a similar pattern and severity of eye movement abnormalities. The frequency and severity of eye movement abnormalities in schizophrenic patients are lower than those indicated by previous studies that used different techniques of analysis.
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46
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Kuhlmann RS, Warsof SL, Levy DL, Flake AJ, Harrison MR. Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma. FETAL THERAPY 1987; 2:95-100. [PMID: 3332744 DOI: 10.1159/000263290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Early prenatal diagnosis of fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) has enabled the perinatal team to institute management of this condition during the perinatal period. We report 2 additional cases to our previous 27 cases including 1 which represents the earliest diagnosis of SCT. Fetal SCT behaves in a different manner than neonatal SCT. In utero manipulation of fetal SCT may be possible if diagnosis is made during the second trimester.
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47
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Andrews MC, Muasher SJ, Levy DL, Jones HW, Garcia JE, Rosenwaks Z, Jones GS, Acosta AA. An analysis of the obstetric outcome of 125 consecutive pregnancies conceived in vitro and resulting in 100 deliveries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 154:848-54. [PMID: 3963074 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(86)90470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One hundred twenty-five consecutive pregnancies conceived in vitro resulted in 100 deliveries of 115 babies. There were 23 clinical abortions (18.4%) and two tubal pregnancies. During the same interval 30 preclinical pregnancies occurred, but these pregnancies did not progress. There were 26 multiple pregnancies (37.1%) before the twelfth week; these reduced spontaneously to 14 (22.2%) multiple births at delivery. Eight infants were delivered prematurely, and three of these died. Three babies had some congenital abnormality. Vaginal bleeding occurred during pregnancy in 59% of patients. Cesarean section was the method of delivery in 56% of patients. Other complications of pregnancy were similar to those of comparable populations.
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48
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Levy DL, Warsof SL. Oral ritodrine and preterm premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 66:621-3. [PMID: 3903579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A prospective randomized study was performed to determine whether or not oral ritodrine therapy significantly prolonged the latent period in patients with prematurely ruptured membranes. Compared with a control group of similar patients, those treated had a significantly prolonged mean latent period. In addition, 47.6% of the treatment group versus 14.2% of the control group had a latent period of more than one week.
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Levy DL, Dorus E, Shaughnessy R, Yasillo NJ, Pandey GN, Janicak PG, Gibbons RD, Gaviria M, Davis JM. Pharmacologic evidence for specificity of pursuit dysfunction to schizophrenia. Lithium carbonate associated with abnormal pursuit. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1985; 42:335-41. [PMID: 3919684 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790270021002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Conflicting findings regarding the prevalence of abnormal smooth-pursuit eye movements in patients with major affective disorders call into question the specificity of impaired smooth-pursuit eye movements to schizophrenia. We report that pursuit is impaired in 88% of lithium carbonate-treated affective disorder patients whose pursuit was normal prior to receiving this drug. Over half of lithium carbonate-treated affective disorder patients in remission also showed impairment of smooth-pursuit eye movements. In conjunction with recent prevalence data on family members of psychiatric patients, the findings support the specificity of abnormal pursuit as a biological trait associated with schizophrenia, but not with the major affective disorders. The mechanisms by which lithium carbonate impairs pursuit are discussed.
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50
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Levy DL. Maternal administration of dexamethasone to prevent RDS. J Pediatr 1984; 105:339-40. [PMID: 6747775 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(84)80159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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