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Lee DS, Choe HS, Kim HY, Yoo JM, Bae WJ, Cho YH, Kim SW, Han CH, Bae SR, Jang H, Park SB, Yoon BI, Lee SJ. Role of age and sex in determining antibiotic resistance in febrile urinary tract infections. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 51:89-96. [PMID: 27575938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the age- and sex-specific antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in outpatient febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Korea. METHODS A total 2262 consecutive samples collected from patients aged 1-101 years with febrile UTIs, during the period January 2012 to December 2014, were analyzed in this multicentre, retrospective cohort study. RESULTS The sensitivities to cefotaxime and cefoxitin were over 85% for females but under 75% for males. Sex played an important role in the susceptibility of GNB to cefotaxime (p<0.001) and cefoxitin (p<0.001). The sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (age >20 years) was under 75% in both sexes, and was not influenced by sex (p=0.204). Age distributions of the incidences of resistance to cefotaxime, cefoxitin, and ciprofloxacin (age >20 years) were similar to the age distribution of the incidence of GNB, which indicates that the resistance patterns to these drugs were not affected by age (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, female/male: p=0.927/p=0.509, p=0.193/p=0.911, and p=0.077/p=0.999, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Age is not a considerable factor in determining the antibiotic resistance in febrile UTIs. Ciprofloxacin should be withheld from both sexes until culture results indicate its use. Second- or third-generation cephalosporins such as cefoxitin and cefotaxime can be used empirically only in females.
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Kazierad DJ, Bergman A, Tan B, Erion DM, Somayaji V, Lee DS, Rolph T. Effects of multiple ascending doses of the glucagon receptor antagonist PF-06291874 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:795-802. [PMID: 27059951 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of multiple ascending doses of the glucagon receptor antagonist PF-06291874 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Patients were randomized to oral PF-06291874 or placebo on a background of either metformin (Part A, Cohorts 1-5: 5-150 mg once daily), or metformin and sulphonylurea (Part B, Cohorts 1-2: 15 or 30 mg once daily) for 14-28 days. A mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) was administered on days -1 (baseline), 14 and 28. Assessments were conducted with regard to pharmacokinetics, various pharmacodynamic variables, safety and tolerability. Circulating amino acid concentrations were also measured. RESULTS PF-06291874 exposure was approximately dose-proportional with a half-life of ∼19.7-22.7 h. Day 14 fasting plasma glucose and mean daily glucose values were reduced from baseline in a dose-dependent manner, with placebo-corrected decreases of 34.3 and 42.4 mg/dl, respectively, at the 150 mg dose. After the MMTT, dose-dependent increases in glucagon and total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were observed, although no meaningful changes were noted in insulin, C-peptide or active GLP-1 levels. Small dose-dependent increases in LDL cholesterol were observed, along with reversible increases in serum aminotransferases that were largely within the laboratory reference range. An increase in circulating gluconeogenic amino acids was also observed on days 2 and 14. All dose levels of PF-06291874 were well tolerated. CONCLUSION PF-06291874 was well tolerated, has a pharmacokinetic profile suitable for once-daily dosing, and results in reductions in glucose with minimal risk of hypoglycaemia.
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Navarro Burgos JB, Lee KW, Shin YC, Lee DS, Lee KB, Yi NJ, Suh KS. Inexplicable Outcome of Early Appearance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Allograft After Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:3012-5. [PMID: 26707329 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This case represents the earliest appearance of de novo HCC after liver transplantation (OLT) compared with cases of previously reported literatures. CASE REPORT A 45-year-old man underwent deceased donor OLT owing to decompensated liver cirrhosis. He had YMDD viral mutation and hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) coinfection but no tumor was found in the liver on MRI before OLT. The donor was a healthy young female donor who was HCV and HBV negative. There was no tumor in the explant liver. After OLT, HCV RNA and hepatitis B surface antigen became undetectable with DNA-positive HBV. Nine months after OLT, a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed owing to abdominal pain, detecting a mass occupying the right lobe that depicted enhanced characteristics typical of HCC. The chest CT demonstrated metastatic lung nodules in the right basal lower lobe. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed tumor cells from the recipient. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of de novo hepatocellular carcinoma that has emerged within a short period of undergoing OLT.
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Kim HY, Choe HS, Lee DS, Yoo JM, Lee SJ. Transient renal impairment in the absence of pre-existing chronic kidney disease in patients with unilateral ureteric stone impaction. Urolithiasis 2016; 45:249-254. [PMID: 27388450 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-016-0904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to describe the rate and characteristics of transient renal impairment in unilateral ureteric stone patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to identify factors that may have influenced renal function of these patients. Unilateral ureteric stone patients who visited our hospital's emergency department from December, 2009 to December, 2015 were divided into two groups based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): group I (patients with eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) and group II (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2). A univariate comparison between groups I and II was performed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors that influenced renal function. There were 107 patients in group II, which constituted 5.6 % of the total patients. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, age (p < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 1.069, confidence interval [CI] = 1.049-1.089), hypertension (p < 0.001, OR = 2.302, CI = 1.467-3.611), stone size (p = 0.001, OR = 1.141, CI = 1.057-1.231), white blood cell count (p = 0.001, OR = 1.132, CI = 1.055-1.215) and hematuria (p < 0.001, OR = 0.383, CI = 0.231-0.636) were found to be independent factors for renal impairment. Based on the results of this study, the rate of renal impairment was 6 % of the unilateral ureteric stone patients without pre-existing CKD. Age and hypertension were found to be independent factors for renal impairment; NSAIDs should be used cautiously or other agents for pain relief such as opioids should be considered in old aged patients with hypertension.
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Kim HY, Choe HS, Lee DS, Yoo JM, Lee SJ. Extending the indication for robot-assisted retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy to antero-lateral renal tumors. Int J Med Robot 2016; 13. [DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Kim HY, Lee SJ, Lee DS, Yoo JM, Choe HS. Microbiological Characteristics of Unresolved Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:387-91. [PMID: 26780182 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility rates between acute uncomplicated cystitis patients with failed initial antimicrobial treatment, who were considered unresolved cases, and newly presenting acute uncomplicated cystitis patients without recent antimicrobial use within 3 months and to determine whether different treatment strategies should be applied according to recent antimicrobial exposure (RAE). Female acute uncomplicated cystitis patients with Escherichia coli growth, who visited our hospital's urology department from 2010 to 2014, were divided according to RAE. The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli was compared between the group with RAE and the group with no antimicrobial exposure (NAE) within 3 months. The total number of acute uncomplicated cystitis patients with E. coli growth was 259: 40 patients comprised the RAE group and 219 patients formed the NAE group. The mean age was significantly older and previous recurrent cystitis history was higher in the RAE group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was significantly lower in the RAE group, with susceptibility results of 64.7%/88.0% (RAE/NAE), 77.5%/89.0%, 79.4%/95.3%, 31.3%/64.2%, and 42.5%/70.6%, respectively. RAE was an independent factor for antimicrobial resistance. This study showed that antimicrobial susceptibilities were significantly lower in acute uncomplicated cystitis patients with failed initial antimicrobial treatment, who are defined as unresolved cases. Our results suggest that first-line antimicrobials might show poor efficacy in cases of unresolved, acute uncomplicated cystitis and alternative or secondary antimicrobials should be considered in these cases.
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Choi YY, Min J, Lee DS, Min H, Lee EY, Lim G, Kim Y, Kang H, Song I, Cho YJ, Lee YJ. Incidence of Cardiopulmonary Arrests After Implementation of a Rapid Response System During Operation Time Vs Non-Operation Time. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798082 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Shin JW, Chu K, Shin SA, Jung KH, Lee ST, Lee YS, Moon J, Lee DY, Lee JS, Lee DS, Lee SK. Clinical Applications of Simultaneous PET/MR Imaging Using (R)-[11C]-Verapamil with Cyclosporin A: Preliminary Results on a Surrogate Marker of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 37:600-6. [PMID: 26585254 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The development of resistance to antiepileptic drugs is explained well by the transporter hypothesis, which suggests that drug resistance is caused by inadequate penetration of drugs into the brain barrier as a result of increased levels of efflux transporter such as p-glycoprotein. To evaluate the brain expression of p-glycoprotein in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, including neocortical epilepsy, we developed a noninvsive quantitative analysis including asymmetry indices based on (R)-[(11)C]-verapamil PET/MR imaging with cyclosporin A, a p-glycoprotein inhibitor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, 5 patients with drug-sensitive epilepsy, and 8 healthy controls underwent dynamic (R)-[(11)C]-verapamil PET/MR imaging with an intravenous infusion of cyclosporin A. Asymmetry indices [(Right Region - Left Region)/(Right Region + Left Region) × 200%] of the standard uptake values in each of the paired lobes were calculated. RESULTS All patients with drug-resistant epilepsy had significantly different asymmetry from the healthy controls, whereas all patients with drug-sensitive epilepsy had asymmetry similar to that in healthy controls. In the temporal lobe, the asymmetry indices of patients with left temporal lobe drug-resistant epilepsy were more positive than those of healthy controls (healthy controls: 4.0413 ± 1.7452; patients: 7.2184 ± 1.8237; P = .048), and those of patients with right temporal drug-resistant epilepsy were more negative (patients: -1.6496 ± 3.4136; P = .044). In addition, specific regions that had significant asymmetry were different between the lateral and medial temporal lobe epilepsy groups. In the frontal lobe, the asymmetry index of patients with right frontal lobe drug-resistant epilepsy was more negative than that in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that statistical parametric mapping analysis by using asymmetry indices of (R)-[(11)C]-verapamil PET/MR imaging with cyclosporin A could be used as a surrogate marker for drug-resistant epilepsy, and this approach might be helpful for localizing or lateralizing the epileptic zone.
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Lee W, Kwon O, Lee DS, Yeo WH. Fabrication and Characterization of a Conformal Skin-like Electronic System for Quantitative, Cutaneous Wound Management. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26381652 DOI: 10.3791/53037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of electronic technologies and biomedical devices offer opportunities for non-invasive, quantitative assessment of cutaneous wound healing on the skin. Existing methods, however, still rely on visual inspections through various microscopic tools and devices that normally include high-cost, sophisticated systems and require well trained personnel for operation and data analysis. Here, we describe methods and protocols to fabricate a conformal, skin-like electronics system that enables conformal lamination to the skin surface near the wound tissues, which provides recording of high fidelity electrical signals such as skin temperature and thermal conductivity. The methods of device fabrication provide details of step-by-step preparation of the microelectronic system that is completely enclosed with elastomeric silicone materials to offer electrical isolation. The experimental study presents multifunctional, biocompatible, waterproof, reusable, and flexible/stretchable characteristics of the device for clinical applications. Protocols of clinical testing provide an overview and sequential process of cleaning, testing setup, system operation, and data acquisition with the skin-like electronics, gently mounted on hypersensitive, cutaneous wound and contralateral tissues on patients.
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Amin NB, Wang X, Mitchell JR, Lee DS, Nucci G, Rusnak JM. Blood pressure-lowering effect of the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor ertugliflozin, assessed via ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:805-8. [PMID: 25951755 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the blood pressure-lowering effect of ertugliflozin (1, 5, 25 mg), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ; 12.5 mg) and placebo in 194 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension for 4 weeks using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Endpoints (change from baseline to week 4) were: 24-h mean systolic blood pressure (SBP; primary); daytime, night-time, seated predose SBP, 24-h, daytime, night-time, seated predose diastolic blood pressure, 24-h urinary glucose excretion and fasting plasma glucose (FPG; secondary). Safety and tolerability were monitored. Significant decreases in placebo-corrected 24-h mean SBP (-3.0 to -4.0 mmHg) were recorded for all doses of ertugliflozin (for HCTZ, this was -3.2 mmHg). Daytime, but not night-time SBP was consistently reduced. Ertugliflozin produced dose-dependent significant decreases in FPG and increases in urinary glucose excretion. No notable changes in plasma renin activity or urinary aldosterone were seen. The most common adverse events were urinary tract infection, genital fungal infection, upper respiratory tract infection and musculoskeletal pain.
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Amin NB, Wang X, Jain SM, Lee DS, Nucci G, Rusnak JM. Dose-ranging efficacy and safety study of ertugliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes on a background of metformin. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:591-598. [PMID: 25754396 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin, in a phase II dose-ranging study, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled on metformin. METHODS A total of 328 patients [mean T2DM duration, 6.3 years; mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), 8.1%] were randomized to once-daily ertugliflozin (1, 5, 10, 25 mg), sitagliptin (100 mg) or placebo, for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline to week 12 in HbA1c concentration and the secondary efficacy endpoints were changes from baseline to week 12 in body weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP). Safety and tolerability were also monitored. RESULTS Ertugliflozin (1-25 mg/day) produced significant reductions in HbA1c concentration [placebo-corrected least-squares mean (LSM) -0.45% (1 mg) to -0.72% (25 mg); p ≤ 0.002, similar to sitagliptin (-0.76%; p = 0.0001)], FPG (LSM -1.17 to -1.90 mmol/l; p < 0.0001) and body weight (-1.15 to -2.15%; p < 0.0001). The LSM SBP decreased by -3.4 to -4.0 mmHg from baseline with ertugliflozin 5-25 mg/day. No reductions in body weight or blood pressure were observed with sitagliptin. After randomization, 2.7% of patients (9/328) withdrew because of adverse events (AEs); the frequency of AEs was evenly distributed across groups. No dose-related increase in AE frequency occurred with ertugliflozin. Hypoglycaemia was reported in 5 (1.5%) randomized participants (all in the ertugliflozin group). The frequency of urinary tract infection was 3.2% for ertugliflozin (pooled across groups), 1.8% for sitagliptin, 7.4% for placebo, and the frequency of genital fungal infections was 3.7% for ertugliflozin (pooled) versus 1.9% for placebo. CONCLUSION Ertugliflozin (1-25 mg/day) improved glycaemic control, body weight and blood pressure in patients with T2DM suboptimally controlled on metformin, and was well tolerated.
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Yang HK, Lee DS, Kim JH, Hwang JM. Association of superior oblique muscle volumes with the presence or absence of the trochlear nerve on high-resolution MR imaging in congenital superior oblique palsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:774-8. [PMID: 25556205 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Congenital superior oblique palsy is known to relate to trochlear nerve absence and a variable degree of superior oblique muscle hypoplasia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether superior oblique muscle volume predicts trochlear nerve absence in congenital superior oblique palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of high-resolution MR imaging to evaluate the presence of the trochlear nerve and to measure superior oblique muscle areas and volumes with the image analysis tools of a PACS was performed in 128 consecutive patients with unilateral congenital superior oblique palsy and 34 age-matched healthy controls. RESULTS Of the 128 patients with congenital superior oblique palsy, 88 had an ipsilateral trochlear nerve absence (absent group) and 40 had both trochlear nerves (present group). In patients with congenital superior oblique palsy, the paretic side superior oblique muscle volume was significantly smaller compared with the normal side only in the absent group (P < .001). The left and right side superior oblique muscle volumes were not significantly different in controls (P = .750), and the paretic and normal side superior oblique muscle volumes were not significantly different in the present group (P = .536). The cutoff value of the paretic/normal side superior oblique muscle volume ratio for diagnosing trochlear nerve absence was ≤0.75 (sensitivity 98.9%, specificity 95.0%) in patients with congenital superior oblique palsy. CONCLUSIONS The ratio of paretic/normal side superior oblique muscle area and volume has an excellent predictability in diagnosing trochlear nerve absence in congenital superior oblique palsy.
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Won JK, Keam B, Koh J, Cho HJ, Jeon YK, Kim TM, Lee SH, Lee DS, Kim DW, Chung DH. Concomitant ALK translocation and EGFR mutation in lung cancer: a comparison of direct sequencing and sensitive assays and the impact on responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Ann Oncol 2014; 26:348-54. [PMID: 25403583 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation are considered mutually exclusive in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, sporadic cases having concomitant EGFR and ALK alterations have been reported. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of NSCLCs with concomitant EGFR and ALK alterations using mutation detection methods with different sensitivity and to propose an effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 1458 cases of lung cancer were screened for EGFR and ALK alterations by direct sequencing and flourescence in situ hybridization (FISH), respectively. For the 91 patients identified as having an ALK translocation, peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-clamping real-time PCR, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), and mutant-enriched NGS assays were carried out to detect EGFR mutation. RESULTS EGFR mutations and ALK translocations were observed in 42.4% (612/1445) and 6.3% (91/1445) of NSCLCs by direct sequencing and FISH, respectively. Concomitant EGFR and ALK alterations were detected in four cases, which accounted for 4.4% (4/91) of ALK-translocated NSCLCs. Additional analyses for EGFR using PNA real-time PCR and ultra-deep sequencing by NGS, mutant-enriched NGS increased the detection rate of concomitant EGFR and ALK alterations to 8.8% (8/91), 12.1% (11/91), and 15.4% (14/91) of ALK-translocated NSCLCs, respectively. Of the 14 patients, 3 who were treated with gefitinib showed poor response to gefitinib with stable disease in one and progressive disease in two patients. However, eight patients who received ALK inhibitor (crizotinib or ceritinib) showed good response, with response rate of 87.5% (7/8 with partial response) and durable progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS A portion of NSCLC patients have concomitant EGFR and ALK alterations and the frequency of co-alteration detection increases when sensitive detection methods for EGFR mutation are applied. ALK inhibitors appear to be effective for patients with co-alterations.
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Kim SG, Lee DS, Lee S, Jang JH. Osteocalcin/fibronectin-functionalized collagen matrices for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2133-40. [PMID: 25346429 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant protein found in the extracellular matrix and is widely used to build scaffolds for biomedical applications which are the result of its biocompatibility and biodegradability. In the present study, we constructed a rhOCN/FNIII9-10 fusion protein and rhOCN/FNIII9-10-functionalized collagen matrices and investigated the potential value for bone tissue engineering. In vitro studies carried out with preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells showed that rhOCN/FNIII9-10 fusion protein promoted cell adhesion and the mRNA levels of osteogenic markers including osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and collagen type I. In addition, rhOCN/FNIII9-10-functionalized collagen matrices showed significant induction of the ALP activity more than rhFNIII9-10-functionalized collagen matrices or collagen matrices alone. These results suggested that rhOCN/FNIII9-10-functionalized collagen matrices have potential for bone tissue engineering.
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Park JW, Moon SY, Lee JH, Park JK, Lee DS, Jung KC, Song YW, Lee EB. Bone marrow analysis of immune cells and apoptosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2014; 23:975-85. [PMID: 24759630 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314531634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the immune cell profile in the bone marrow of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and to assess its clinical relevance. METHODS Sixteen bone marrow samples from 14 SLE patients were compared with seven healthy control samples. The numbers of immune cells and apoptotic cells in the bone marrow were examined by immunohistochemistry. The association between immune cell subsets and clinical features was investigated. RESULTS CD4+ T cells, macrophages and plasma cells were more common in the bone marrow of SLE patients than in healthy controls (p=0.001, p=0.004 and p<0.001, respectively). Greater numbers of CD4+ T cells and macrophages were associated with high-grade bone marrow damage. The percentage of apoptotic cells in bone marrow of SLE patients was significantly higher than that in controls (p<0.001) and was positively correlated with the number of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (p=0.013). Increased number of plasma cells along with high interleukin-6 expression was correlated with anti-double stranded DNA antibody levels and the SLE disease activity index (p=0.031 and 0.013, respectively). CONCLUSION Bone marrow from SLE patients showed a distinct immune cell profile and increased apoptosis. This, coupled with a correlation with disease activity, suggests that the bone marrow may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Lee DS, Choe HS, Kim SW, Jung KU, Lee SJ. Impact of the Change in Urinary and Sexual Function on Health-Related Quality of Life after Once Daily Low-Dose Mirodenafil Treatment in Patients with Organic Erectile Dysfunction. Urol Int 2014; 93:84-91. [DOI: 10.1159/000355360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Park WS, Lee KS, Chun JH, Urm SH, Lee DS, Lee DY, Park SG, Seo SK, Heo SJ, Qian ZJ, Jung WK, Choi IW. Investigation of the Antiasthmatic Properties of Ethanol Extract of <i>Callophyllis japonica</i> in Mice. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i6.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Choe HS, Lee DS, Lee SJ, Hong SH, Park DC, Lee MK, Kim TH, Cho YH. Performance of Anyplex™ II multiplex real-time PCR for the diagnosis of seven sexually transmitted infections: comparison with currently available methods. Int J Infect Dis 2013; 17:e1134-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Choi YS, Lee IT, Cho KR, Kim JK, Suh JP, Lee DS. Education and imaging. Gastrointestinal: Asymptomatic rectal perforation and massive pneumoretroperitoneum in patient with ulcerative colitis treated with mesalamine enemas. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:1071. [PMID: 23782117 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Park S, Moon HS, Lee DS, Kim HC, Chun H. High-throughput on-chip leukemia diagnosis. Int J Lab Hematol 2013; 35:480-90. [PMID: 23414350 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Advances in lab-on-a-chip technologies enabled programmable, reconfigurable, and scalable manipulation of a variety of laboratory procedures. Samples, reagents, and fluids can be precisely controlled; buffer temperature, pH, and concentration control systems as well as a variety of detection systems can be integrated on a small chip. These advantages have attracted attention in various fields of clinical application including leukemia diagnosis and research. A lot of research on lab-on-a-chip based diagnosis has been reported and the field is rapidly expanding. This review describes recent developments of lab-on-a-chip technologies as solutions to challenges for high-throughput leukemia diagnosis.
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Lee DS, Kim YS, Lee CG, Lim JH, Suh CO, Kim HJ, Cho J. Early volumetric change and treatment outcome of metastatic brain tumors after external beam radiotherapy: differential radiotherapy for brain metastasis. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 15:889-96. [PMID: 23408041 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the treatment outcomes of low-dose whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT)-based differential radiation therapy (RT) for metastatic brain tumors. METHODS A total of 242 targets (metastatic brain lesions) were analyzed in the present study. Median WBRT dose and number of fractions were 25 (range 25-35) Gy and 10 (range 8-15) fractions, respectively. A median normalized total dose (NTD) of 1.8 Gy (NTD(1.8Gy)) to the metastatic lesion was 45 (range 27-64.8) Gy. We numbered and contoured each metastatic lesion sequentially using computed tomography fused with serial magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate volumetric changes. RESULTS The 6-month and 1-year freedom from remote intracranial failure rates were 87.7 and 58.5 %, respectively. The 6-month actuarial local control (LC) rate was 93.4 %. Tumor diameter was a major determinant for LC, and tumor histology was a significant parameter predicting the volume reduction rate. With overall complete response (CR) rate of 56.6 % after RT, CR rate, if the target was more than 1 cm in size, was 25 % with a median NTD(1.8Gy) of 45 Gy, requiring dose escalation to achieve better target regression. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose WBRT with selective boost was feasible and effective. Our results pose the rationale of future trial of differential radiation therapy (RT), which prescribes different radiation dose according to the tumor density in metastatic brain tumors.
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Kim JS, Hwang HY, Cho KR, Park EA, Lee W, Paeng JC, Lee DS, Kim HK, Sohn DW, Kim KB. Intramyocardial transfer of hepatocyte growth factor as an adjunct to CABG: phase I clinical study. Gene Ther 2012; 20:717-22. [PMID: 23151518 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this phase I clinical trial was to evaluate the safety, tolerability and potential efficacy of VM202, naked DNA expressing two isoforms of hepatocyte growth factor, as an adjunct therapy to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Nine patients were assigned to receive increasing doses (0.5 to 2.0 mg) of VM202 injected into the right coronary artery (RCA) territory following completion of CABG for the left coronary artery territory. Patients were evaluated for safety and tolerability, and changes in myocardial functions were monitored via echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and myocardial single photon emission computed tomography throughout 6-month follow-up period. No serious complication related to VM202 was observed throughout the 6-month follow-up period. Global myocardial functions (wall motion score index, P=0.0084; stress perfusion, P=0.0002) improved during the follow-up period. In the RCA region, there was an increase in the stress perfusion (baseline vs 3-month, P=0.024; baseline vs 6-month, P=0.024) and also in the wall thickness of the diastolic and systolic phases. Intramyocardial injection of VM202 can be safely used in IHD patients with the tolerable dose of 2.0 mg. In addition, VM202 might appear to have improved regional myocardial perfusion and wall thickness in the injected region.
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Arora R, Ridha M, Lee DS, Elliott JT, Rosenberg H, St Lawrence K. Changes in Cerebral Hemodynamics in Response to Medical Therapy for Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Prediction of Treatment Outcome in Preterm Infants. Paediatr Child Health 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/17.suppl_a.38a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lee DS, Park DC, Choe HS, Choi JB, Lee SJ. Changes in Urinary and Sexual Function 6 Months after Cystocele Repair with a Polypropylene Mesh. Urol Int 2012; 88:415-22. [DOI: 10.1159/000336868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kim GH, Yang J, Chizhov SA, Sall EG, Kulik AV, Yashin VE, Lee DS, Kang U. High average-power ultrafast CPA Yb:KYW laser system with dual-slab amplifier. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:3434-3442. [PMID: 22418102 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.003434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A diode-pumped, ultrafast Yb:KYW laser system utilizing chirped-pulse amplification in a dual-slab regenerative amplifier with spectral shaping of seeding pulse from a master oscillator has been developed. A train of compressed pulses with pulse length of 181 fs, repetition rate up to 200 kHz, and average power exceeding 8 W after compression and pulse picker was achieved.
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Kim S, Youn H, Song MG, Kang JH, Chung HK, Lee DS, Chung JK. Complementary treatment of siTERT for improving the antitumor effect of TERT-specific I-131 therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:263-70. [PMID: 22301953 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium iodide symporter (NIS)-based radionuclide therapy provides an effective means of treating malignant tumors. However, it is sometimes inadequate because of limited effects on radio-resistant tumors, and thus, combination therapies with other therapeutic options have been requested to enhance its efficacy. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) has been reported to be involved in the progression of most cancers and also been viewed as a good candidate for targeting tumor. Application of TERT-specific radionuclide therapies using NIS gene transfer have been reported to treat TERT-positive tumors, but this approach only demonstrated tumor regression rather than eradication. As inhibiting TERT expression by introducing the hTERT-specific shRNA (siTERT) has been suggested as a therapeutic option, we investigated the complementary role of siTERT treatment after the TERT-specific I-131 therapy and its possibility as a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy. Retroviruses containing TERT promoter/NIS for TERT specific Radionuclide therapy and siTERT for TERT targeting antisense therapy were produced. Hep3B cells expressing TERT specific NIS (Hep3B-TERT/NIS) were xenografted into nude mouse and visualized with micro-SPECT/CT for monitoring NIS activity. The levels of hTERT mRNA, protein and its activity were confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blotting and Telomerase repeat amplification protocol assay. Cell proliferation was monitored by MTT assay and induced apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin-V-PI staining. Therapeutic effects of I-131 and/or siTERT were evaluated by clonogenic assay and mouse tumor model. Reduction of hTERT mRNA, protein and TERT activity by siTERT were observed in Hep3B-TERT/NIS cells. The viabilities of the infected cells were significantly decreased to 50% versus siScramble treated controls. The early apoptotic cell population was increased by siTERT. The survival rates of cells treated with siTERT or I-131 alone were 72.4±7.6% and 56.2±5.2%, respectively. However, the survival rate of cells treated with I-131 and siTERT were decreased to 22.1±2.8%. From mouse xenograft model, we also found that the siTERT gene therapy showed synergism to the radioiodine therapy for reducing tumor growth in vivo. Our Results suggested that complementary siTERT gene therapy offers a novel strategy of cancer therapy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of TERT-specific I-131.
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Lee SE, Chung JW, Won HS, Lee DS, Lee YW. Removal of methylmercury and tributyltin (TBT) using marine microorganisms. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 88:239-44. [PMID: 22212416 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-011-0501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two marine species of bacteria were isolated that are capable of degrading organometallic contaminants: Pseudomonas balearica, which decomposes methylmercury; and Shewanella putrefaciens, which decomposes tributyltin. P. balearica decomposed 97% of methylmercury (20.0 μg/L) into inorganic mercury after 3 h, while S. putrefaciens decomposed 88% of tributyltin (55.3 μg Sn/L) in real wastewater after 36 h. These data indicate that the two bacteria efficiently decomposed the targeted substances and may be applied to real wastewater.
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Zhu X, Lee DS, Yam KL. Release property and antioxidant effectiveness of tocopherol-incorporated LDPE/PP blend films. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:461-8. [PMID: 22257167 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.643826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/polypropylene (PP) blend films in various blending ratios containing 3000 mg kg⁻¹ of tocopherol were manufactured by an extrusion process. Tocopherol release properties were characterised and correlated with antioxidant effectiveness in retarding the oxidation of linoleic acid contacting the films at 40°C. The conditions without tocopherol (control) and with instant tocopherol addition corresponding to the amount included in the films were also prepared and compared with the film-contacting solutions. The effect of tocopherol inclusion and the blending ratio on their physical properties was also examined. A wide range of tocopherol diffusivity in 6.6 × 10⁻¹⁶-4.6 × 10⁻¹⁴m² s⁻¹ were obtained by blend films. As PP content increases, the diffusivity decreased sharply at the beginning and levelled off later. The slower release of tocopherol in LDPE/PP blend films corresponding to lower tocopherol diffusivity retained the higher tocopherol concentration in the linoleic acid system providing better antioxidant effectiveness of the extended induction period in oxidation. The tocopherol inclusion reduced tensile strength and transparency significantly in an affordable range with higher tensile strength given by a higher PP ratio. LDPE/PP blending can be a useful tool to modulate the release profile of tocopherol and thus the antioxidant effectiveness of the tocopherol-incorporated antioxidant packaging film.
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Choe HS, Lee DS, Lee SJ, Lee CB, Lee WC, Cho YH. Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and sexual behavior of young adults and middle-aged people presenting to health examination centers in Korea. J Infect Chemother 2012; 18:207-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10156-011-0319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lem KW, Choudhury A, Lakhani AA, Kuyate P, Haw JR, Lee DS, Iqbal Z, Brumlik CJ. Use of nanosilver in consumer products. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 6:60-72. [PMID: 22023078 DOI: 10.2174/187221012798109318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP; many other names such as nanosilver and colloidal silver) have already been used in everyday consumer products requiring broad spectrum antibiotic performance because of their enormous surface area and reactivity. Faunce and Watal [1] recently have critically analyzed the international regulatory issues for medical and domestic use in USA, EU, UK, and Australia. They found that in spite of the fact numerous studies have been made in the past decades, but many scientists are still uncertain of its safety. Very recently, Powers mentioned in her dissertation that her results showed positive that Ag+ and AgNP are developmental neurotoxicants in vitro and in vivo [2]. Therefore, there is a need to conduct a study to identify a global landscape of AgNPs and their products, and their manufacturers. A market- based intellectual property (IP) study has been conducted to examine the current global patent landscape of companies using AgNP in their consumer product development and production from 1980 to 2010. Detailed information in the compositions and formulations is extracted using a "two-stage" stage-gate process from the IP activity in the use of nanosilver. The first stage is in commercial products and the second stage is in consumer products. In the first stage for AgNP and AgNP-based commercial products, there were 7,422 patent families from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2010. In the second stage for AgNP-based consumer products, 932 patent families from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2010 were found. Korea, China and USA were found to be the major players in AgNP and AgNP-based commercial and consumer products. However, the recent patenting downturn was observed probably due to rising price in silver metal, regulatory uncertainty, public perception, and health safety & environmental (HS&E) issues.
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Lee KM, Han W, Kim JB, Shin I, Ko E, Park IA, Lee DS, Oh K, Noh DY. The CD49d+/high subpopulation from isolated human breast sarcoma spheres possesses tumor-initiating ability. Int J Oncol 2011; 40:665-72. [PMID: 22159714 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary breast sarcomas (PBSs) that arise from mammary stroma are very rare, highly aggressive and therapy- resistant tumors with a heterogeneous phenotype. In this study, we sought to identify tumor-initiating cells (TICs) in PBSs and to describe their features. We isolated long-term self-renewing sarcospheres (designated NDY-1) from primary breast carcinosarcoma tissue (sarcoma component >95%) using the anchorage-independent culture method. NDY-1 spheres expressed various mesenchymal cell markers, and their tumorigenic potential was markedly reduced in adherent culture conditions, compared to spheres. Screening for integrins revealed a marked decrease in CD49d expression in adherent culture conditions of NDY-1. The CD49d+/high subpopulation sorted from NDY-1 spheres displayed higher cell viability and sphere-forming ability than CD49d-/low population in vitro. Moreover, the CD49d+/high population displayed high tumor initiating ability in limiting dilution transplantation to NOD/SCID mice, and the xenotransplanted CD49d+/high population recapitulated the complexity of the original primary tumors. Greater doxorubicin resistance was exhibited by the CD49d+/high population, compared with the CD49d-/low population. Thus, our results collectively demonstrate that CD49d+/high cells from sarcospheres display enhanced sphere-forming, drug resistance and tumor-initiating abilities. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify TICs from breast sarcoma.
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Kim SJ, Lee DS, Lee SJ. The prevalence and clinical significance of urethritis and cervicitis in asymptomatic people by use of multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Korean J Urol 2011; 52:703-8. [PMID: 22087366 PMCID: PMC3212666 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2011.52.10.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our purpose was to conduct a screening test for urethritis or cervicitis as a sexually transmitted disease (STD) by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, and Trichomonas vaginalis in asymptomatic people. MATERIALS AND METHODS From July 2010 to December 2010, 709 persons who came to the hospital for a general checkup were tested. Multiplex PCR assays were done with first voided urine samples or endocervical swabs by use of the Seeplex® STD6 ACE Detection kit. RESULTS The mean age in this study was 45.4±8.1 years. Among the 709 persons, 229 (32.3%) had a positive result for at least one microorganism, 48 (6.8%) had two different species, 6 (0.8%) had three different species, and 1 person had four different species. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic STDs such as urethritis or cervicitis was 7.1% (50/709). The prevalence rates of chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, and Trichomonas vaginalis infection in asymptomatic persons were 5.6% (40/709), 0.4% (3/709), 0.3% (2/709), 22.1% (157/709), 11.6% (82/709), and 1.1% (8/709), respectively. CONCLUSIONS With only a single sample, we could identify the prevalence rates of six microorganisms and the overall proportion of urethritis or cervicitis in asymptomatic people. This proportion cannot be neglected; therefore, screening tests for sexually transmitted diseases such as urethritis or ervicitis should be recommended to asymptomatic people.
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Jang J, Yoon K, Hwang DW, Lee DS, Kim S. A retroviral vector suitable for ultrasound image-guided gene delivery to mouse brain. Gene Ther 2011; 19:396-403. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamins have long been thought to modulate the various stages of wound healing through a variety of proposed mechanisms. Our goal was to investigate relevant studies examining the role of different vitamins in wound healing. METHODS MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Google Scholar were searched for basic science and clinical studies examining the role of vitamins as adjuncts in wound healing. RESULTS Mechanisms of action for each of the vitamins are reviewed. It was suggested by many of the studies that the major vitamins A, C, E, D, K, and B have demonstrated utility as adjuncts in wound care in basic science and clinical trials. CONCLUSION There is a vast amount of literature on the effect of vitamins on wound healing at the basic science level. Further understanding and controlled trials will help better understand how to utilize vitamins in wound care. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None.
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Fields JD, Petersen BD, Lutsep HL, Nesbit GM, Liu KC, Dogan A, Lee DS, Clark WM, Barnwell SL. Drug eluting stents for symptomatic intracranial and vertebral artery stenosis. Interv Neuroradiol 2011; 17:241-7. [PMID: 21696666 DOI: 10.1177/159101991101700217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of bare metal stents (BMS) to prevent recurrent stroke due to stenosis of the cerebral vasculature is associated with high rates of restenosis. Drug-eluting stents (DES) may decrease this risk. We evaluated the performance of DES in a cohort of patients treated at our institution.Consecutive patients treated with DES were identified by a case log and billing records; data regarding procedural details, clinical outcome and angiographic follow-up was obtained by retrospective chart review.Twenty-six patients (27 vessels; 14 vertebral origin (VO); 13 intracranial) were treated. Stenosis was reduced from mean 81% to 8% at the VO and 80% to 2% intracranially. No strokes occurred in the first 24 hours after stenting or at any time point in the VO group during a mean follow-up period of nine months. Among patients with intracranial stents, stroke with permanent disability occurred within 30 days in 1/12 (8%) and after 30 days in 1/11 (9%) with clinical follow-up (mean follow-up, 14 months). Follow-up catheter angiography was obtained in 14/14 (100%) in the VO group at mean eight months and in 8/11 surviving patients (73%) at a mean of ten months after stenting in the intracranial group. The restenosis rate was 21% at the VO (3/14) and 38% (3/8) for intracranial stents. Restenosis at the VO was less frequent than might have been expected from reports utilizing BMS, however, overall restenosis rates appeared higher than previously reported for patients with intracranial DES and comparable with restenosis rates for intracranial BMS.
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Lee SE, Won HS, Lee YW, Lee DS. Study on the new antifouling compounds in Korean coasts. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 85:538-543. [PMID: 21069281 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-010-0145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
After prohibition of use of organic tin compounds, new antifouling agents have been used as substitute paints. In 2009, this lab re-conducted the same research from 2006 that focused on concentrations of chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, and Irgarol in the major bays of Korea, in order to assess changes in concentrations. Among the new antifouling agents detected in 2006, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, and Irgarol 1051 were detected up to 4.19, 61.69, and 23.80 ng/L, respectively. However, in 2009, up to 67.96, 74.79, and 67.64 ng/L were detected. Compared to 2006, there were apparent increases in the concentration of all three compounds in all areas where the research was conducted. These results indicate the need for further research regarding the hazards of these compounds.
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Tu K, Mitiku T, Guo H, Lee DS, Tu JV. Myocardial infarction and the validation of physician billing and hospitalization data using electronic medical records. CHRONIC DISEASES IN CANADA 2010; 30:141-146. [PMID: 20946715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Population-based identification of patients with a myocardial infarction is limited to patients presenting to hospital with an acute event. We set out to determine if adding physician billing data to hospital discharge data would result in an accurate capture of patients who have had a myocardial infarction. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart abstraction of 969 randomly selected adult patients using data abstracted from primary care physicians on an electronic medical record in Ontario, Canada, as the reference standard. RESULTS An algorithm of 3 physician billings in a one-year period with at least one being by a specialist or within a hospital or emergency room plus one hospital discharge abstract performed with a sensitivity of 80.4% (95% CI: 69.5-91.3), specificity of 98.0% (95% CI: 97.1-98.9), positive predictive value of 69.5% (95% CI: 57.7-81.2), negative predictive value of 98.9% (95% CI: 98.2% to 99.6%) and kappa statistic of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.63-0.83). CONCLUSION Using a combination of hospital discharge abstracts and physician billing data may be the best way of assessing trends of MI occurrence over time since it increases the capture of MI beyond those patients who have been hospitalized.
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Lee DS, Jeon SW, Park SY, Jung MK, Cho CM, Tak WY, Kweon YO, Kim SK. The feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection for rectal carcinoid tumors: comparison with endoscopic mucosal resection. Endoscopy 2010; 42:647-51. [PMID: 20669076 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Rectal carcinoid tumors are often found incidentally during screening colonoscopy and can be resected using various endoscopic techniques. This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for rectal carcinoid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 2003 and June 2009, 74 patients (74 lesions) underwent either EMR (n = 28) or ESD (n = 46) for rectal carcinoid tumors. The rate of endoscopic complete resection, pathological complete resection, procedure complications, and tumor recurrence were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS The endoscopic complete resection rate was significantly higher in the ESD group (46 lesions, 100 %) compared with the EMR group (25 lesions, 89.3 %) ( P = 0.049). The pathological complete resection rate was higher in the ESD group (38 lesions, 82.6 %) compared with the EMR group (18 lesions, 64.3 %); however, this difference was borderline significant ( P = 0.067). Overall complication rate was not significantly different between the EMR group (3.6 %) and the ESD group (6.3 %). There was one case of remnant lesion in the EMR group, which was managed by ESD, and no recurrence has been detected in either the EMR or ESD groups. CONCLUSION This study suggests that ESD might be a feasible treatment technique for small rectal carcinoid tumors. It showed superior efficacy and comparable safety to EMR.
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Lee DS, Lee CB, Lee SJ. Prevalence and risk factors for extended spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing uropathogens in patients with urinary tract infection. Korean J Urol 2010; 51:492-7. [PMID: 20664784 PMCID: PMC2907500 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2010.51.7.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing microorganisms in urinary tract infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS total of 2,312 patients older than 25 years and diagnosed from January 2007 to December 2009 as having urinary tract infection were studied. The prevalence of ESBL-producing microorganisms including Escherichia coli and the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli were examined. Univariate analyses were performed with gender, age, inpatient status, previous hospitalization, recent history of urinary catheterization, recent exposure to specific antibiotics, and past history of urogenital organ operation as risk factors for the emergence of ESBL-producing microorganisms. Then, multivariate analysis was performed with all significant variables. RESULTS In outpatient urinary tract infection, the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli to each of the third-generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone, was 87.6%, 93.4%, and 87.7%, respectively, and the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli was 12.1%. In inpatient urinary tract infection, the susceptibility of E. coli was 78%, 84.5%, and 76.9%, respectively, and the prevalence was 23.1%. CONCLUSIONS The overall prevalence of ESBL-producing microorganism was 12.6% and the risk appeared to be increased in cases with a previous hospitalization, a recent history of urinary catheterization, inpatient status, cefaclor medication, cefminox administration, and female gender.
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Fields JD, Liu KC, Lee DS, Gonda SJ, Dogan A, Gultekin SH, Nesbit GM, Petersen BD, Barnwell SL. Femoral artery complications associated with the Mynx closure device. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:1737-40. [PMID: 20538826 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Devices to close a femoral arteriotomy are frequently used after catheterization for interventional radiology and cardiac procedures to decrease the time to hemostasis and ambulation and, potentially, to decrease local complications. The Mynx vascular closure device uses a sealant designed to occlude the access tract, resulting in hemostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all cases in which the Mynx device was used and for which follow-up angiography was available. A total of 146 devices were deployed in 135 patients. A follow-up vascular study visualizing the femoral artery was performed in 26 patients (27 studies). RESULTS There were 5 (5/27, 18%) cases of intravascular Mynx sealant on follow-up vascular imaging. Three pseudoaneurysms (3/27, 11%) were identified. CONCLUSIONS In this small study, intravascular sealant and pseudoaneurysms were found frequently after femoral arterial closure with the Mynx vascular closure device.
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Kim TS, Lee SH, Gang GT, Lee YS, Kim SU, Koo DB, Shin MY, Park CK, Lee DS. Exogenous DNA Uptake of Boar Spermatozoa by a Magnetic Nanoparticle Vector System. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 45:e201-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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92
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Lee DS, Badr MS, Miller RE, Hadden TJ, Mateika JH. Progressive augmentation and long term facilitation of ventilation is enhanced in participants with sleep apnea compared to control and is mitigated by reductions in oxidative stress. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.784.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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93
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Carney LM, Anthouard MN, Lee DS, Badr MS, Mateika JH. The magnitude of ventilatory long term facilitation and the hypoxic ventilatory response is affected by time of day. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.621.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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94
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Ranney DN, Acker WB, Al-Holou SN, Ehrlichman L, Lee DS, Lewin SA, Nguyen C, Peterson SF, Sell K, Kubus J, Reid D, Englesbe MJ. Marijuana use in potential liver transplant candidates. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:280-5. [PMID: 19067667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Concern exists that liver transplant center substance abuse policies may have an inappropriate and disproportionate impact on marijuana users. Our hypothesis is that patients with chronic liver disease who were marijuana users will have inferior survival. This is a retrospective (1999-2007) cohort study. The primary outcome measure is time-dependent, adjusted patient survival from the time of liver transplant evaluation. The primary exposure variable is a positive cannabinoid toxicology screen during the liver transplant evaluation period. Overall, 155 patients qualified as marijuana users while 1334 patients were marijuana non-users. Marijuana users were significantly (p < 0.05) younger (48.3 vs. 52.1), more likely to be male (78.1% vs. 63.0%), have hepatitis C (63.9% vs. 40.6%) and were less likely to receive a transplant (21.8% vs. 14.8%). Marijuana users were more likely to use tobacco, narcotics, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, cocaine or barbiturates (p < 0.05). Unadjusted survival rates were similar between cohorts. Upon multivariate analysis, MELD score, hepatitis C and transplantation were significantly associated with survival, while marijuana use was not (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.78-1.54). We conclude that patients who did and did not use marijuana had similar survival rates. Current substance abuse policies do not seen to systematically expose marijuana users to additional risk of mortality.
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95
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Chae JI, Ju SK, Lee MK, Park JH, Yoon JH, Shim JH, Lee DS. [cDNA cloning and analysis of tissue-specific gene expression of rat urocortin II]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2009; 43:91-96. [PMID: 19334530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) family of neuropeptides includes CRH (a 41 amino acid hypothalamic peptide) and urocortin. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a peptide first isolated from mammalian, plays an important role in the regulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis, and in endocrine, autonomic, immune and behavioral responses to stress. In this study we cloned rat urocortin II (UCNII) cDNA from rat mid-brain by RT-PCR. The rat UCNII clone contained an open reading frame (ORF) coding 109 amino acids which shared 90% and 63% homology with mouse and human homologues, respectively, The expression of UCN HII mRNA is mainly distributed in bone marrow, ovary, uterus, hypophysis, adrenal gland, and skin. In this study, rat recombinant UCN was expressed in E. coli and purified in active form. Furthermore, purified recombinant UCN II protein specifically binds to CRF receptor 2 in rat ROS 17/2.8 and GH3 cells by flow-cytometry analysis. UCN II cDNA clone obtained in this study will be useful for further investigation on behavioral responses to stress in rats.
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96
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Kang SH, Kim HK, Ham CK, Lee DS, Cho HI. Comparison of four hematology analyzers, CELL-DYN Sapphire, ADVIA 120, Coulter LH 750, and Sysmex XE-2100, in terms of clinical usefulness. Int J Lab Hematol 2008; 30:480-486. [PMID: 19062362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the clinical usefulness (leukocyte distribution classification, morphologic classification, and morphologic flags) of the following four hematology analyzers: CELL-DYN Sapphire (CD-Sapphire) (Abbott Diagnostics, Santa Clara, CA, USA), ADVIA 120 (Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA), Beckman Coulter LH 750 (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL, USA), and Sysmex XE-2100 (TOA Medical Electronics Co., Kobe, Japan). Four hundred thirty samples from patients and 100 samples from healthy individuals were analyzed. For distributional classification, the sensitivity rates of CD-Sapphire, ADVIA 120, LH 750, and XE-2100 were 93.1, 95.9, 94.9, and 94.9%, respectively, and the efficiency rates were 80.7, 81.6, 84.1, and 84.2%, respectively. For morphologic classification, the sensitivity rates of CD-Sapphire, ADVIA 120, LH 750, and XE-2100 were 88.6, 93.2, 77.3, and 94.3%, respectively, and the efficiency rates were 80.9, 73.0, 79.5, and 74.2%, respectively. Comparing the findings in different morphologic flags, XE-2100 showed the highest sensitivity for Blasts flag (90.9%); CD-Sapphire showed the highest sensitivity for Immature granulocytes and/or Left-shift flag (85.5%); ADVIA 120 showed the highest sensitivity for Atypical lymphocytes flag (60.0%); and LH 750 showed the highest sensitivity for Nucleated RBC flag (75.0%). Our results demonstrate that the four analyzers are comparable in overall performance.
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Lee KJ, Lee JS, Kim SJ, Correll CU, Wee H, Yoo SY, Jeong JM, Lee DS, Lee SI, Kwon JS. Loss of asymmetry in D2 receptors of putamen in unaffected family members at increased genetic risk for schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2008; 118:200-8. [PMID: 18699953 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dopamine dysregulation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The present study was performed to examine whether unaffected relatives at high genetic risk of schizophrenia have dopamine dysregulation in comparison with healthy controls. METHOD Eleven unaffected relatives from families with two or more first- or second-degree relatives with schizophrenia (n = 9) or with a monozygotic schizophrenic twin (n = 2) and 11 age- and sex-matched controls were examined using positron emission tomography (PET) with [(11)C] raclopride. Subjects also underwent extensive neuropsychological testing. RESULTS Subjects with high genetic risk showed a loss of asymmetry of D(2) receptors in the putamen in comparison with healthy controls. In addition, they showed significantly poorer performance on neuropsychological tests than controls. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that dopamine dysregulation and neuropsychological dysfunction may be present in subjects at high genetic risk of schizophrenia. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Svensson J, Tarakanov Y, Lee DS, Kinaret JM, Park YW, Campbell EEB. A carbon nanotube gated carbon nanotube transistor with 5 ps gate delay. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:325201. [PMID: 21828807 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/32/325201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive as channel material for field-effect transistors due to their high carrier mobility. In this paper we show that a local CNT gate can provide a significant improvement in the subthreshold slope of a CNT transistor compared to back gate switching and provide gate delays as low as 5 ps. The CNT gated CNT transistor devices are fabricated using a two-step chemical vapour deposition technique. The measured transfer characteristics are in very good agreement with theoretical modelling results that provide confirmation of the operating principle of the transistors. Gate delays below 2 ps should be readily achievable by reducing the thickness of the gate dielectric.
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Thirthagiri E, Lee SY, Kang P, Lee DS, Toh GT, Selamat S, Yoon SY, Taib NAM, Thong MK, Yip CH, Teo SH. Evaluation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and risk-prediction models in a typical Asian country (Malaysia) with a relatively low incidence of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2008; 10:R59. [PMID: 18627636 PMCID: PMC2575532 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cost of genetic testing and the limited knowledge about the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in different ethnic groups has limited its availability in medium- and low-resource countries, including Malaysia. In addition, the applicability of many risk-assessment tools, such as the Manchester Scoring System and BOADICEA (Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm) which were developed based on mutation rates observed primarily in Caucasian populations using data from multiplex families, and in populations where the rate of breast cancer is higher, has not been widely tested in Asia or in Asians living elsewhere. Here, we report the results of genetic testing for mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes in a series of families with breast cancer in the multi-ethnic population (Malay, Chinese and Indian) of Malaysia. METHOD A total of 187 breast cancer patients with either early-onset breast cancer (at age </= 40 years) or a personal and/or family history of breast or ovarian cancer were comprehensively tested by full sequencing of both BRCA1 and BRCA2. Two algorithms to predict the presence of mutations, the Manchester Scoring System and BOADICEA, were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-seven deleterious mutations were detected (14 in BRCA1 and 13 in BRCA2), only one of which was found in two unrelated individuals (BRCA2 490 delCT). In addition, 47 variants of uncertain clinical significance were identified (16 in BRCA1 and 31 in BRCA2). Notably, many mutations are novel (13 of the 30 BRCA1 mutations and 24 of the 44 BRCA2). We report that while there were an equal proportion of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in the Chinese population in our study, there were significantly more BRCA2 mutations among the Malays. In addition, we show that the predictive power of the BOADICEA risk-prediction model and the Manchester Scoring System was significantly better for BRCA1 than BRCA2, but that the overall sensitivity, specificity and positive-predictive value was lower in this population than has been previously reported in Caucasian populations. CONCLUSION Our study underscores the need for larger collaborative studies among non-Caucasian populations to validate the role of genetic testing and the use of risk-prediction models in ensuring that the other populations in the world may also benefit from the genomics and genetics era.
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Chae JI, Ju SK, Lee MK, Park JH, Shim JH, Lee KK, Lee DS. [Cloning of rat TARC cDNA and analysis of tissue-specific mRNA expression]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2008; 42:639-644. [PMID: 18856064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) is one that selectively controls the migration of type 2-helper T lymphocytes into inflammatory lesions. TARC is a CC chemokine, and plays an essential role in recruiting CC chemokine receptor 4-positive Th2 cells to allergic lesions. We cloned TARC cDNA from rat thymus using RT-PCR. The rat TARC clone contained a full-length open reading frame encoding 93 amino acids that showed 83% and 66% homology with mouse and human homologs, respectively. The expression of TARC mRNA was mainly in the lymphoid organs, for example, the thymus, spleen, and lymph node. The recombinant TARC was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified in an active form. In addition, the purified rat TARC with S-tagged specifically binds to human CCR4 in CD4.CCR4-transfected HOS cells by Cell-binding assay using flow-cytometry. The TARC cDNA clones obtained in this study will be valuable for future studies on allergic diseases in rats.
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