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Tang W, Zhu D, Wu F, Xu JF, Yang JP, Deng ZP, Chen XB, Papi A, Qu JM. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine in respiratory disease with abnormal mucus secretion. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 27:5119-5127. [PMID: 37318485 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202306_32628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence for the mucolytic and expectorant efficacy of intravenous (IV) N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is limited. This study aimed to evaluate in a large, multicenter, randomized, controlled, subject, and rater-blinded study whether IV NAC is superior to placebo and non-inferior to ambroxol in improving sputum viscosity and expectoration difficulty. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 333 hospitalized subjects from 28 centers in China with respiratory disease (such as acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis and exacerbations, emphysema, mucoviscidosis, and bronchiectasis) and abnormal mucus secretion were randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive NAC 600 mg, ambroxol hydrochloride 30 mg, or placebo as an IV infusion twice daily for 7 days. Mucolytic and expectorant efficacy was assessed by ordinal categorical 4-point scales and analyzed by stratified and modified Mann-Whitney U statistics. RESULTS NAC showed consistent and statistically significant superiority to placebo and non-inferiority to ambroxol in change from baseline to day 7 in both sputum viscosity scores [mean (SD) difference 0.24 (0.763), p<0.001 vs. placebo] and expectoration difficulty score [mean (SD) difference 0.29 (0.783), p=0.002 vs. placebo]. Safety findings confirm the good tolerability profile of IV NAC reported from previous small studies, and no new safety concerns were identified. CONCLUSIONS This is the first large, robust study of the efficacy of IV NAC in respiratory diseases with abnormal mucus secretion. It provides new evidence for IV NAC administration in this indication in clinical situations where the IV route is preferred.
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Liu T, Xu Z, Feng J, Yu S, Wang M, Yao P, Wu Q, Zhu D. Enantiodivergent Synthesis of 1-Heteroaryl Tetrahydroisoquinolines Catalyzed by Imine Reductases. Org Lett 2023; 25:2438-2443. [PMID: 37010125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Two enantiocomplementary imine reductases (IREDs) with high enantioselectivity were identified with catalytic activity toward the reduction of 1-heteroaryl dihydroisoquinolines through a screening of wild-type IREDs and enzyme engineering. Furthermore, (R)-IR141-L172M/Y267F and (S)-IR40 were applied to access a series of different 1-heteroaryl tetrahydroisoquinolines with high to excellent ee values (82 to >99%) and isolated yields (80 to 94%), thereby providing an effective method to construct this class of pharmaceutically important alkaloids, such as the intermediate of kinase inhibitor TAK-981.
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Zhu D, Mannem H. Plasma Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA as a Predictor of Freedom from Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction More Than 3 Years after Lung Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Lv T, Feng J, Chen X, Luo Y, Wu Q, Zhu D, Ma Y. Desymmetric Reductive Amination of 1,3-Cyclopentadiones to Single Stereoisomer of β-Amino Ketones with an All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter by Engineered Amine Dehydrogenases. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Zhang S, Chen J, Yao S, Akter F, Wang Z, Hu B, Zhu D, Duan C, Chen W, Zhu Y, Wang H, Mao Z. Predictors of postoperative biochemical remission in lower Knosp grade growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas: a large single center study. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:465-476. [PMID: 36125731 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas (GH-PAs) with a low Knosp grade are typically associated with a good postoperative biochemical remission (BR) rate. However, a proportion of patients do not achieve remission. In this study, we aimed to investigate predictive factors of postoperative remission for lower Knosp GH-PAs. METHODS In this retrospective study, we enrolled 140 patients who were diagnosed with lower Knosp (0-2) GH-PAs and received trans-sphenoidal surgery between December 2016 and June 2021 from the largest pituitary tumor surgery center in southern China. The univariate, binary Logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were employed to determine independent predictors and cutoff values of remission. The postoperative outcome was defined as remission using the 2010 consensus criteria of acromegaly. RESULTS One hundred and thirty six patients (97.1%) achieved gross total resection. The postoperative long-term BR was 68.6%. Empty sella, tumor maximum diameter and postoperative GH levels were independent factors predicting remission. ROC revealed that postoperative 24 h GH ≤ 1.3 ng/mL and ≤ 1.23 ng/mL were valuable predictors for 3-month and long-term remission respectively, and that postoperative 3-month GH ≤ 1.6 ng/mL and tumor maximum diameter ≤ 17 mm were predictors for delayed remission. CONCLUSION Early postoperative GH levels can be used as predictors of remission. However, BR was not associated with preoperative somatostatin analogs therapy or Knosp grade (0-2). For patients without residual tumor or recurrence and whose GH levels are slightly elevated within 1 year after surgery, adjuvant treatments may not be necessary.
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Wu N, Zhu D, Li J, Li X, Zhu Z, Rao Q, Hu B, Wang H, Zhu Y. CircOMA1 modulates cabergoline resistance by downregulating ferroptosis in prolactinoma. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02010-w. [PMID: 36853491 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02010-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prolactinomas are one of the most common pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), accounting for approximately 50% of all pituitary tumors. Dopamine agonists are the main treatment for prolactinoma, but a small number of patients are still resistant to pharmacotherapy. Recent discoveries have revealed that ferroptosis is involved in regulating tumor drug resistance. However, the role of ferroptosis in prolactinoma has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of a circRNA in ferroptosis in prolactinoma. METHODS The expression of circOMA1 in prolactinoma tissues was examined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The biological function of circOMA1 was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. To explore the role of ferroptosis in prolactinoma, we used qRT-PCR and western blotting. Glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit (GCLM) was predicted to be a direct target gene of miR-145-5p by bioinformatics analysis, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS circOMA1 was overexpressed in drug-resistant prolactinoma tissues compared with sensitive prolactinoma samples. We further found that circOMA1 promoted MMQ cells growth in vivo and in vitro. In addition, GCLM was directly targeted by miR-145-5p and indirectly regulated by circOMA1. Importantly, circOMA1 induced ferroptosis resistance through the increased expression of Nrf2, GPX4, and xCT, and circOMA1 attenuated CAB-induced ferroptosis in MMQ cells in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that circOMA1 attenuates CAB efficacy through ferroptosis resistance and may be a new therapeutic target for the individualized treatment of DA-resistant prolactinoma patients.
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Ashford MT, Zhu D, Bride J, McLean E, Aaronson A, Conti C, Cypress C, Griffin P, Ross R, Duncan T, Deng X, Ulbricht A, Fockler J, Camacho MR, Flenniken D, Truran D, Mackin SR, Hill C, Weiner MW, Byrd D, Turner Ii RW, Cham H, Rivera Mindt M, Nosheny RL. Understanding Online Registry Facilitators and Barriers Experienced by Black Brain Health Registry Participants: The Community Engaged Digital Alzheimer's Research (CEDAR) Study. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:551-561. [PMID: 37357297 PMCID: PMC10395260 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure of Alzheimer's disease and related diseases (ADRD) research studies to include and engage Black participants is a major issue, which limits the impact and generalizability of research findings. Little is known about participation of Black adults in online ADRD-related research registries. OBJECTIVES As part of the Community Engaged Digital Alzheimer's Research (CEDAR) Study, this study aims to increase our understanding of facilitators and barriers of Black adults to participating in ADRD-related online registries, as well as to understand their preferences for communication channels. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, MEASUREMENTS We invited all Black participants enrolled in the Brain Health Registry (BHR) to complete a cross-sectional online survey. The survey consisted of rating scales and open-text questions asking about their attitudes towards brain health research, reasons for joining and continuing to participate in BHR, difficulties with participating, and preferences for modes of contact and website usage. RESULTS Of all invited Black BHR participants (N=3,636), 198 (5.5%) completed the survey. The mean age was 58.4 (SD=11.3), mean years of education were 16.3 (SD=2.4), and 85.5% identified as female. Reported facilitators for joining and continuing to participate in BHR were personal interest (e.g., learning more about own brain health) and altruism (e.g., helping research). Among additional registry features which could encourage return, receiving feedback or scores about BHR tasks was rated the highest. Of those who found BHR participation difficult (21%), the most frequent reason was time burden. The most preferred way of receiving study information was via email. Participants reported that the websites that they used the most were YouTube and Facebook. DISCUSSION The results of our study can inform the development of culturally-responsive registry features and engagement efforts to improve inclusion and participation of Black adults in online ADRD research. Providing participants with feedback about their registry performance and reducing the number of registry tasks are among the recommended strategies.
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Mindt MR, Ashford MT, Zhu D, Cham H, Aaronson A, Conti C, Deng X, Alaniz R, Sorce J, Cypress C, Griffin P, Flenniken D, Camacho M, Fockler J, Truran D, Mackin RS, Hill C, Weiner MW, Byrd D, Turner Ii RW, Nosheny RL. The Community Engaged Digital Alzheimer's Research (CEDAR) Study: A Digital Intervention to Increase Research Participation of Black American Participants in the Brain Health Registry. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:847-856. [PMID: 37874107 PMCID: PMC10598330 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Black/African American older adults bear significant inequities in prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, they are profoundly under-included in Alzheimer's Disease research. Community-Engaged Research (e.g., equitable community/science partnerships) is an evidence-based approach for improving engagement of underrepresented populations into Alzheimer's Disease research, but has lacked scalability to the national level. As internet use among older adults from underrepresented populations continues to grow, internet-based research shows promise as a feasible, valid approach to engagement and longitudinal assessment. The Community Engaged Digital Alzheimer's Research (CEDAR) study utilizes a community-engaged research approach to increase the engagement and research participation of Black/African American adults in the Brain Health Registry (BHR) and Alzheimer Disease clinical research. OBJECTIVES To describe the methods and evaluate the feasibility of the CEDAR culturally-informed digital platform within BHR. DESIGN All Black/African American participants in BHR were invited to enroll in CEDAR and to consider serving on a newly convened Community-Scientific Partnership Board to guide the study. The community board guided the development a culturally-informed cadre of engagement materials and strategies to increase research participation. Engagement strategies included incentives for study task completion, culturally-informed communications (e.g., landing page, emails and social media), resources about brain health, and video and written testimonials by CEDAR participants. SETTING BHR, an Internet-based registry and cohort. PARTICIPANTS BHR participants self-identifying as Black/African American were invited to enroll. All participants who signed an online informed consent document were enrolled. MEASUREMENTS We report the number of participants invited, enrolled, completed tasks, and volunteered to join the community board. We compared the demographics, cognitive profile, and baseline BHR task completion rates between CEDAR participants and all those invited to join the study. RESULTS Of 3738 invited, 349 (9.34%) enrolled in CEDAR. 134 (37% of CEDAR participants) volunteered to join the community board, of which 19 were selected for the community board. Compared to those invited, the CEDAR cohort had a higher percentage of female participants (84.5%) and a lower percentage of participants who identify as belonging to more than one ethnocultural group (21.8%). Compared to those did not enroll in CEDAR, those enrolled in CEDAR had a higher percentage of participants completing all BHR tasks (22%) and a higher percentage of participants completing at least one cognitive test (76%). Those enrolled in CEDAR also had a higher percentage of participants having an enrolled study partner (18%). CONCLUSIONS A culturally-informed Community-Engaged Research approach, including a remotely-convened community board, to engagement of Black/African American participants in an online research registry is feasible. This approach can be adapted for use in various clinical studies and other settings. Future studies will evaluate the effectiveness of the engagement strategies.
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Yang LC, Zhang RT, Xu L, Wang YT, Xu DX, Zhu D, Tang YD. [Effect of "one-stop" outpatient management on the control rate of multiple metabolic disorders patients]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2022; 102:3698-3703. [PMID: 36509542 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20220531-01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effect of "one-stop" outpatient management on the therapeutic schedule and control rate of patients with metabolic disorders. Methods: A total of 332 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and treated regularly in the "one-stop" outpatient department of the Department of Cardiology of the Third Hospital of Peking University from November 1, 2020 to April 30, 2022. The general information, personal history, family history, drug treatment plan, blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference of patients were collected through the outpatient electronic medical record system, and patients were followed up through conducting "one-stop" comprehensive management. The baseline clinical characteristics were analyzed, and the changes of metabolic indexes, treatment conditions and control rate of patients with different metabolic disorders before and after the "one-stop" outpatient management were compared. Results: The time interval between the first visit and the last visit was 44 (26, 60) weeks in 332 patients, whose age was (57.2±13.2) years, including 219 males (66.0%). After the "one-stop" outpatient management, fasting blood glucose (FBG) [ 6.6 (5.6, 7.9) mmol/L vs 6.3 (5.6, 6.9) mmol/L], glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) [ (7.2±1.5) % vs (6.6±0.8) %], low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [ 2.70 (1.97, 3.55) mmol/L vs 2.04 (1.66, 2.63) mmol/L] and blood uric acid (UA) [ (383.7±107.1) μmol/L vs (341.2±90.6) μmol/L] all decreased significantly (all P values<0.05). The control rates of hypertension (19.8% vs 28.2%), diabetes (45.2% vs 66.5%), hyperlipidemia (54.9% vs 87.6%) and hyperuricemia (16.7% vs 49.0%) were significantly improved after the "one-stop" outpatient management (all P values<0.05). Conclusion: The "one-stop" outpatient management of cardiovascular department can significantly improve the metabolic condition and the control rate of patients with multiple metabolic disorders.
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Ning HJ, Ma X, Zhu D, Gong YZ, Yao KY, Zhang YL, Zhong XM. [Diagnostic value and application of 24 h multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2022; 60:1312-1316. [PMID: 36444436 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20221028-00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value and application of 24 h multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (24 h MII-pH) monitoring in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. From January 2013 to December, 2020, 417 patients who received 24 h MII-pH monitoring in Department of Gastroenterology of Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics were included. According to results, these children were divided into the GERD and non-GERD groups. Furthermore, the 132 children with GERD who had gastroscopy were divided into the reflux esophagitis (RE) and non-erosive reflux disease (NE) groups to investigate the differences in their refluxes. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test or indepentent sample t test was used for comparisons between the groups. Results: Among the 417 children, 232 were males and 185 females, aged (7.3±3.9) years. The course of disease was 0.5 (0.1, 2.0) years. The main clinical symptoms included acid reflux (128 cases), vomiting (173 cases), abdominal pain (101 cases), and cough (76 cases). The 24 h MII-pH monitoring were positive in 243 children (58.3%, 243/417), which was higher than that by 24 h esophageal pH monitoring (43.6%, 182/417). The 24 h MII-pH monitoring results demonstrated significant differences in the episodes of acid reflux, weakly acidic reflux, non-acidic reflux, liquid reflux and mixed reflux between GERD and non-GERD groups (10 (4, 19) vs. 4 (1, 9) times/24 h, 14 (6, 32) vs. 7 (3, 13) times/24 h, 0 (0, 0) vs. 0 (0, 0) times/24 h, 19 (10, 34) vs. 8 (3, 14) times/24 h, and 6 (2, 12) vs. 3 (1, 5) times/24 h, Z=-6.96, -7.25, -5.62, -8.75, and -6.48, all P<0.05, respectively). Besides, the results also showed significant differences in Boix-Ochoa score, episodes of long reflux, course of long reflux, and episodes of weakly acidic reflux between the RE and NE groups (51.2 (21.4, 153.2) vs. 20.7 (12.1, 34.7), 5 (2, 10) vs. 1 (0, 4) times/24 h, 19 (7, 87) vs. 8 (3, 22) min, and 5 (2, 15) vs. 15 (6, 33) times/24 h, Z=-3.44, -3.41, -2.65, and -2.27, all P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: 24 h MII-pH monitoring not only improves the detection rate of GERD in children, but also provides a possibility to early etiological diagnosis.
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Chen X, Wu F, Fan F, Wu Q, Zhu D. [Green biosynthesis of chiral pharmaceutical chemicals]. SHENG WU GONG CHENG XUE BAO = CHINESE JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 38:4240-4262. [PMID: 37699688 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.220588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
In nature, chirality is a common phenomenon and closely related to life, also significantly influences the properties of the substance. The chemical synthesis of chiral pharmaceutical chemicals has encountered challenges such as poor atom economy and process economy, serious environmental pollution and waste of the resource. The biosynthesis route has the advantages of high selectivity and environmental-friendliness. In recent years, the rapid developments in the accessible key enzymes, understanding of catalytic mechanism, construction of new synthetic pathways of optical pure intermediates, process development and scale-up production have made it possible to address the challenges encountered in the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients, thus promoting a green and sustainable pharmaceutical industry in China. This review summarized the achievements made in this field by researchers at Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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Feng J, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Wu Q, Zhu D. [Construction of strains for bioconversion of steroid key intermediates and intelligent industrial production]. SHENG WU GONG CHENG XUE BAO = CHINESE JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 38:4335-4342. [PMID: 37699693 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.220592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal hormone pharmaceuticals are the second largest class of medicines after antibiotics. At present, the initial materials of the steroidal industry have shifted from sapogenins, which were extracted from plants of the genus Dioscore to phytosterols. As a byproduct of soybean oil production, phytosterols are readily available and of low prices. Androstenedione (AD), androstadiendione (ADD), 9α-hydroxy-androstenedione (9α-OH-AD) and a series of key intermediates used in the synthesis of steroidal pharmaceuticals can be produced from phytosterols by microbial transformation. Nevertheless, due to the long metabolic pathways, the byproducts and the complex regulation, traditional microbial screening, mutagenizing methods and the oil-water biphasic transformation systems are no longer suitable for current industrial production. A new generation strains for the production of key steroidal pharmaceutical intermediates have been constructed and an intelligent production process has been jointly developed by us and Zhejiang Xianju Junye Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.. Taking these products and processes as an example, this article reviews the improvement of strains for the production of steroidal pharmaceutical intermediates and the development of biotransformation process on an industrial scale. With the development of synthetic biology, it is expected to develop a new generation of intermediates which are more suitable for the synthesis of steroidal medicines. Moreover, de novo biosynthesis the steroidal active pharmaceutical ingredients from glucose is also expected. The application of these new-generation strains constructed by biotechnology (BT) in modern factories based on informatization and intelligent technology (IT) will be more efficient and greener, and create remarkable social and economic values.
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Zhu D, Wang XL, Dai Y, Li SY, Wang WH. [Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its eradication treatment on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2022; 102:3382-3387. [PMID: 36372768 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20220316-00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To analyze the effects of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and eradication therapy on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Methods: From September to December 2021, patients with abdominal symptoms who received 13C urea breath test at the Department of Gastroenterology in Peking University First Hospital were enrolled.13C urea breath test was used to detect H. pylori infection and patients were divided into H. pylori positive and negative groups accordingly. Lactulose hydrogen methane breath test was performed to determine SIBO. H. pylori positive patients were treated with quadruple therapy including amoxicillin, metronidazole, rabeprazole and bismuth potassium citrate. 13C urea breath test and lactulose hydrogen methane breath test were reexamined 6 weeks after the treatment. Results: A total of 102 patients (49 males and 53 females) were enrolled, with a mean age of (42.1±9.9) years. Among them, 49 patients were H. pylori negative and 53 were H. pylori positive. Moreover, 47 patients were SIBO positive and 55 were SIBO negative. There was no significant difference in age, sex, body mass index, abdominal symptoms and the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis between H. pylori positive and negative patients at the enrollment (all P>0.05). The detection rate of SIBO in H. pylori infected patients was higher than that in uninfected patients, and the difference was statistically significant (60.4% vs 30.6%, P=0.003). Patients with SIBO had significantly more frequent abdominal distension (36.2% vs 10.9%, P=0.002) and constipation (27.7% vs 1.8%, P<0.001) than patients without SIBO. The rate of SIBO after H. pylori eradication treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment (20.8% vs 60.4%, P<0.001). The remission rate of SIBO after eradication therapy was 66.7% (20/30). Besides, patients had obvious improvement of constipation (6.0% vs 18.9%, P=0.008), and the incidence of other abdominal symptoms decreased to various degrees including diarrhea, abdominal pain, abdominal distention and poor appetite. Conclusion: H. pylori infection increases the risk of SIBO, and the quadruple regimen containing amoxicillin and metronidazole has a therapeutic effect for patients with H.pylori infection and concomitant SIBO.
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Lin Q, Ding K, Zhao R, Wang H, Ren L, Wei Y, Ye Q, Cui Y, He G, Tang W, Feng Q, Zhu D, Chang W, Lv Y, Mao Y, Wang X, Liang L, Zhou G, Liang F, Xu J. 43O Preoperative chemotherapy prior to primary tumor resection for colorectal cancer patients with asymptomatic resectable primary lesion and synchronous unresectable liver-limited metastases (RECUT): A prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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Li XY, Li CP, Zhang CY, Zhang S, Chen JX, Zhu D, Chen FW, Wu ZZ, Hou DC, Zheng CY, Hou KJ. Effect of polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1RA) on lipid, glucose levels and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 26:7996-8003. [PMID: 36394750 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202211_30153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of polyethylene glycol loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1R agonist) on the lipid, glucose levels, and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 40 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in our hospital from July 2019 to June 2020 were randomly divided into a control group and a study group. The study group was treated with metformin and polyethylene glycol loxenatide injection, while the control group was treated with metformin. RESULTS Before treatment, there was no significant difference in FPG (Fasting Blood Glucose) and PPG (Post Prandial Glycaemia) levels between the study group and the control group (p>0.05). After a treatment period, the FPG and PPG levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05). With the longer treatment time, the patient's weight and BMI were lower (p<0.05). The weight and BMI of patients changed the least after one month of treatment, and the weight and BMI changed the most after more than seven months of treatment. After a period of treatment, the levels of FPG and PPG in the blood of male patients in the study group were significantly lower than those of female patients (p<0.05). After treatment, the TG level of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.05). In comparison, the HDL-C level was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lipid and glucose levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity have decreased after 12 weeks of polyethylene glycol loxanatide use. The weight of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity has changed after using polyethylene glycol loxenatide for a period of treatment. Among them, there is a certain relationship between body weight and treatment time, gender, and original body weight, which is worthy of further research and promotion in clinical practice.
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Krapivin V, Gu M, Hickox-Young D, Teitelbaum SW, Huang Y, de la Peña G, Zhu D, Sirica N, Lee MC, Prasankumar RP, Maznev AA, Nelson KA, Chollet M, Rondinelli JM, Reis DA, Trigo M. Ultrafast Suppression of the Ferroelectric Instability in KTaO_{3}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:127601. [PMID: 36179158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.127601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We use an x-ray free-electron laser to study the lattice dynamics following photoexcitation with ultrafast near-UV light (wavelength 266 nm, 50 fs pulse duration) of the incipient ferroelectric potassium tantalate, KTaO_{3}. By probing the lattice dynamics corresponding to multiple Brillouin zones through the x-ray diffuse scattering with pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) (wavelength 1.3 Å and <10 fs pulse duration), we observe changes in the diffuse intensity associated with a hardening of the transverse acoustic phonon branches along Γ to X and Γ to M. Using force constants from density functional theory, we fit the quasiequilibrium intensity and obtain the instantaneous lattice temperature and density of photoexcited charge carriers. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate that photoexcitation transfers charge from oxygen 2p derived π-bonding orbitals to Ta 5d derived antibonding orbitals, further suppressing the ferroelectric instability and increasing the stability of the cubic, paraelectric structure.
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Yang L, Li J, Xu Z, Yao P, Wu Q, Zhu D, Ma Y. Asymmetric Synthesis of Fused-Ring Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Tetrahydro-β-carbolines from 2-Arylethylamines via a Chemoenzymatic Approach. Org Lett 2022; 24:6531-6536. [PMID: 36066397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While chiral fused-ring tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) and tetrahydro-β-carboline (THβC) scaffolds have attracted considerable interest due to their wide spectrum of biological activities, the synthesis of optically pure chiral fused-ring THIQs and THβCs remains a challenging task. Herein, a group of active imine reductases were identified to convert the imine precursors into the corresponding enantiocomplementary fused-ring THIQs and THβCs with high enantioselectivity and conversion, establishing an efficient and green chemoenzymatic approach to fused-ring alkaloids from 2-arylethylamines.
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Fang Y, Pan H, Shou J, Chen J, Guo Q, Hong W, Rao C, Wang Y, Lu L, Yang X, Zhu D, Lan F. 1036P Anlotinib plus docetaxel vs. docetaxel as 2nd-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Updated results from ALTER-L016. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Chabra S, Gill B, Gallo G, Zhu D, Pitou C, Payne C, Accioly A, Puig L. 288 Ixekizumab citrate-free formulation: Results from 2 clinical trials. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Cui Y, Ji Y, Chen X, Li J, Feng J, Zhao Q, Yao P, Wu Q, Zhu D. Efficient enzymatic synthesis of (S)-1-(3′-bromo-2′-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, the key building block of lusutrombopag. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Zhan Z, Xu Z, Yu S, Feng J, Liu F, Yao P, Wu Q, Zhu D. Stereocomplementary Synthesis of a Key Intermediate for Tofacitinib via Enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution‐Reductive Amination. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Feng J, Wu Q, Zhu D, Ma Y. Biotransformation Enables Innovations Toward Green Synthesis of Steroidal Pharmaceuticals. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102399. [PMID: 35089653 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Steroids have been widely used in birth-control, prevention, and treatment of various diseases, representing the largest sector after antibiotics in the global pharmaceutical market. The steroidal active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have been produced via partial synthetic processes first mainly from sapogenins, which was converted into 16-dehydropregnenolone by the famous "Marker Degradation". Traditional mutation and screening, and process engineering have resulted in the industrial production of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (AD), androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD), 9α-hydroxy-androsta-4-ene-3,17-dione (9α-OH-AD), and so on, which serve as the key intermediates for the synthesis of steroidal APIs. Recently, genetic and metabolic engineering have generated highly efficient microbial strains for the production of these precursors, leading to the replacement of sapogenins with phytosterols as the starting materials. Further advances in synthetic biology hold promise in the design and construction of microbial cell factories for the industrial production of steroidal intermediates and/or APIs from simple carbon sources such as glucose. Integration of biotransformation into the synthesis of steroidal APIs can greatly reduce the number of reaction steps, achieve lower waste discharge and higher production efficiency, thus enabling a greener steroidal pharmaceutical industry.
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Bohon J, Gonzalez E, Grace C, Harris CT, Jacobsen B, Kachiguine S, Kim D, MacArthur J, Martinez-McKinney F, Mazza S, Nizam M, Norvell N, Padilla R, Potter E, Prakash T, Prebys E, Ryan E, Schumm BA, Smedley J, Stuart D, Tarka M, Torrecilla IS, Wilder M, Zhu D. Use of diamond sensors for a high-flux, high-rate X-ray pass-through diagnostic. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:595-601. [PMID: 35510992 PMCID: PMC9070720 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522003022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) deliver pulses of coherent X-rays on the femtosecond time scale, with potentially high repetition rates. While XFELs provide high peak intensities, both the intensity and the centroid of the beam fluctuate strongly on a pulse-to-pulse basis, motivating high-rate beam diagnostics that operate over a large dynamic range. The fast drift velocity, low X-ray absorption and high radiation tolerance properties of chemical vapour deposition diamonds make these crystals a promising candidate material for developing a fast (multi-GHz) pass-through diagnostic for the next generation of XFELs. A new approach to the design of a diamond sensor signal path is presented, along with associated characterization studies performed in the XPP endstation of the LINAC Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC. Qualitative charge collection profiles (collected charge versus time) are presented and compared with those from a commercially available detector. Quantitative results on the charge collection efficiency and signal collection times are presented over a range of approximately four orders of magnitude in the generated electron-hole plasma density.
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Li Y, Hu N, Xu Z, Cui Y, Feng J, Yao P, Wu Q, Zhu D, Ma Y. Asymmetric Synthesis of N-Substituted 1,2-Amino Alcohols from Simple Aldehydes and Amines by One-Pot Sequential Enzymatic Hydroxymethylation and Asymmetric Reductive Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116344. [PMID: 35166000 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The chiral N-substituted 1,2-amino alcohol motif is found in many natural and synthetic bioactive compounds. In this study, enzymatic asymmetric reductive amination of α-hydroxymethyl ketones with enantiocomplementary imine reductases (IREDs) enabled the synthesis of chiral N-substituted 1,2-amino alcohols with excellent ee values (91-99 %) in moderate to high yields (41-84 %). Furthermore, a one-pot, two-step enzymatic process involving benzaldehyde lyase-catalyzed hydroxymethylation of aldehydes and subsequent asymmetric reductive amination was developed, offering an environmentally friendly and economical way to produce N-substituted 1,2-amino alcohols from readily available simple aldehydes and amines. This methodology was then applied to rapidly access a key synthetic intermediate of anti-malaria and cytotoxic tetrahydroquinoline alkaloids.
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