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Carr EA, Carroll M, Gona JM, Balderman SC, Montes M, Steinbach JJ. Effect of vitamin D3 on imaging of experimental myocardial infarcts with technetium-99m pyrophosphate: further studies of the role of calcium. J Nucl Med 1985; 26:157-64. [PMID: 2981986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously found that a pulse dose of vitamin D3 increased [99mTc]PPi uptake by rat myocardial necrosis. Vitamin D3 raised serum and lesion [Ca] but not, we now report, lesion [Fe]. We now also report that D3 increased [99Tc]PPi uptake by myocardial infarcts (L) in dogs from 0.345 +/- 0.007% administered (kg) dose/g in controls to 0.703 +/- 0.089 in treated (p less than 0.025). Vitamin D3 decreased uptake by dog bone (B) as measured in rib and sternum, increasing L/B from 1.10 +/- 0.23 to 2.30 +/- 0.52 (p = 0.06) X (L) was positively, (p less than 0.005) and uptake by sternum was negatively (p less than 0.05) correlated with serum [Ca] and [P], respectively. Scintigrams graded by a "blinded" observer, showed 4+, 4+, and 3+ infarcts, respectively, in three D3-treated dogs, and 2+, 2+, and 1+, respectively, in three untreated. One untreated and one treated dog were negative; the latter showed the least response to D3 in serum [Ca] and [99mTc] in tissue samples. Vitamin D3 can increase L/B in dogs, enhancing scintigraphic images.
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Carr EA. Scintigraphy and nuclear magnetic resonance: their potential applications in pharmacology; new radiopharmaceuticals and spin drugs: their potential implications for scintigraphy and nuclear magnetic resonance. II. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984; 35:131-40. [PMID: 6692643 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.1984.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Carr EA. Scintigraphy and nuclear magnetic resonance: their potential applications in pharmacology; new radiopharmaceuticals and spin drugs: their potential implications for scintigraphy and nuclear magnetic resonance. I. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984; 35:94-108. [PMID: 6360474 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.1984.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Carr EA, Carroll M, Montes M. Effect of vitamin D3, other drugs altering serum calcium or phosphorus concentrations, and desoxycorticosterone on the distribution of Tc-99m pyrophosphate between target and nontarget tissues. J Nucl Med 1981; 22:526-34. [PMID: 6262465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioactive imaging agents are chemically designed for selective distribution. Another approach to selectivity is to find stable compounds that favorably influence this distribution. Using a rat model of myocardial necrosis, we studied effects of various stable compounds (as a single, large dose or fractionated into short series) on the ratio, uptake of Tc-99m pyrophosphate (PPi) by the target lesion/uptake by the principal nontarget, bone (L/B). Vitamin D3s ability to increase L/B was mediated by the hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia that it caused. The hypercalcemia was accompanied by increased [Ca] in the lesion. In contrast, pulse doses of desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) at 7 and 6 hr before killing increased uptake by lesion, increasing L/B from 0.19 +/- 0.03 to 0.45 +/- 0.08 (p less than 0.01), with no change in serum [Ca] and minimal changes in serum [P], [Na], and [K]. DOCA also increased the lesion-to-blood ratio from 6.5 +/- 0.07 to 15.4 +/- 3.9 (p less than 0.05). These results encourage further study of DOCA's effect and investigation of other stable drugs that may influence distribution of other imaging agents.
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Schimpfhauser F, Katz LA, Carr EA. The doctor's first patient: medical student orientation through case presentation. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 1980; 55:622-624. [PMID: 7411565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Carr EA, Carroll M, Counsell RE, Tyson JW. Studies of uptake of the bretylium analogue, iodobenzyltrimethylammonium iodide, by non-primate, monkey and human hearts. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1979; 8:425-32. [PMID: 116669 PMCID: PMC1429816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb01021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uptake of (+/-)-[3H]-noradrenaline, [14C]-bretylium and [125I]-o-iodobenzyltrimethylammonium iodide (RIBA) by rat heart was studied by the Langendorff technique. All three compounds showed significant uptake. 2 Corticosterone and 17-beta-oestradiol inhibited the uptake of all three compounds by rat heart, a finding consistent with extraneuronal uptake (uptake2). 3 [131I]-RIBA was injected intravenously into pigs and monkeys (M. speciosus). Myocardial samples taken from pigs killed 1 and 2 h after injection showed significant uptake. No significant uptake was found in myocardial samples of monkeys killed 10 min, 2 h and 24 h, respectively, after injection. 4 Four normal human volunteers received [125I]-RIBA intravenously and the image of the precordial area was followed by means of scintillation camera for the first 4 h after injection. In two of the subjects, the scintigrams were repeated at 22 and 23 h after injection, respectively. No evidence of myocardial uptake was observed. 5 These results suggest the possibility that man and at least one other primate species may differ from lower species with regard to uptake.
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Fuenfer MM, Carr EA, Polk HC. The effect of hydrocortisone on superoxide production by leukocytes. J Surg Res 1979; 27:29-35. [PMID: 221743 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4804(79)90106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Carr EA, Carroll M, Montes M. The use of adjunctive drugs to alter uptake of 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate by myocardial lesions and bone. Life Sci 1978; 22:1261-74. [PMID: 207941 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(78)90095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Korn N, Buswink A, Yu T, Carr EA, Carroll M, Counsell RE. A radioiodinated bretylium analog as a potential agent for scanning the adrenal medulla. J Nucl Med 1977; 18:87-9. [PMID: 830836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies with radioiodinated bretylium analogs (RIBA) suggested that the p-isomer was capable of concentrating in adrenal medulla. The present studies with 125I-p-RIBA in rats and dogs confirm this property and show its marked and persistent affinity for the adrenal medulla. Analogous studies with 14C-p-IBA indicate that it is the quaternary form of the drug that is retained by the adrenal and that high thyroidal radioactivity following 125I-p-RIBA administration is due to in vivo deiodination of the drug.
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Hollister LE, Martz BL, Carr EA, Cohn HD, Crout JR, Levine J. Panel 2: phase II investigations. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1975; 18:647-9. [PMID: 1102241 DOI: 10.1002/cpt1975185part2647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
At the end of Phase II, a decision must be made as to whether or not the drug should be developed as a therapeutic agent. Such a decision may be based on many criteria in addition to the scientific data derived from the Phase II study. At this point, expert judgment is needed. One should like to assume that if the decision is made to proceed with the increasingly expensive and laborious process of further development, the drug will, barring some completely unforeseen misadventure, ultimately find its way into clinical therapeutics. Phase II studies, therefore, are the most crucial stage in the course of drug development. Planning of these studies requires great care and investigators of the highest caliber should be used for their conduct. The escalating costs of new drug development are resulting in an undesirable imbalance of efforts in the direction of studies characterized more by easily defined end points than by therapeutic needs. Industry, academia, and the FDA must all be concerned with facilitationg studies in areas of most-needed therapeutic advances.
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Medzihradsky F, Carr EA, Nandhasri PS, Dufek JH, Kahn DR. Energy reserves in transplanted and sham-operated carciac tissue=. RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS IN CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1975; 10:337-50. [PMID: 125442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue levels of creatine phosphate (CP), creatine, adenosine-triphosphate(ATP), inorganic phosphate (Pi), glycogen, glucose and lactate were determined in heterotopically transplanted and recipient hearts as well as in the myocardium of sham-operated rabbitsmthe ATPase activity in these tissues was also estimatedmthe results revealed no biochemical indication of ischemic conditions in the transplanted organs relative to the other investigated tissue. The tissue levels of CP in the donor heart were even higher then in both the recipient and sham-operated organs. The concentrations of the other above listed compounds in all the studied tissue were similar throughout the first 5 post-operative days. The effect of surgery was manifested in decreased levels of CP, still prevailing 3 days post-operative in all of the investigated tissue. However, on the fifth day after surgery, the tissue concentration of CP showed a trend toward recovery. The activity of Na,K-ATPase in both donor and recipient hearts was similar. One day after surgery, the activity of the Mg-ATPase was 27% lower relative to its value on days 3 and 5 post-operatively. However no correlation was obtained between the change in Mg-ATPase and tissue concentrations of ATP.
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Counsell RE, Yu T, Ranade VV, Buswink AA, Carr EA, Carroll M. Radioiodinated bretylium analogs for myocardial scanning. J Nucl Med 1974; 15:991-6. [PMID: 4422832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Balair DC, Carroll M, Carr EA, Fekety FR. 67 Ga-citrate for scanning experimental staphylococcal abscesses. J Nucl Med 1973; 14:99-102. [PMID: 4683214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Morris RC, Moraczewski A, Carr EA. Guidelines for accepting volunteers: consent, ethical implications and the function of a peer review. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1972; 13:782-95. [PMID: 5068583 DOI: 10.1002/cpt1972135part2782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Medzihradsky F, Marks MJ, Carr EA. Energy-dependent uptake of benzomorphans by leukocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 1972; 21:1625-32. [PMID: 4646787 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(72)90312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kahn DR, Carr EA, Kirsh MM. Long-term function after human heart transplantation. JAMA 1971; 218:1699-700. [PMID: 4940314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Moores WY, Kahn DR, Kirsh MM, Gago O, Carr EA, Abrams GD, Dufek J, Sloan H. Mechanical support of the circulation by a modified pulsatile roller pump. Ann Thorac Surg 1971; 12:262-70. [PMID: 5112480 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)65123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kahn DR, Carr EA, Dufek JH, Kirsh MM, Gago O, Moores WY, Oberman HA, Carroll M, Sloan H. Diagnosis of chronic rejection after cardiac transplantation in humans. Transplant Proc 1971; 3:380-2. [PMID: 4937909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Carr EA, Kahn DR, Carroll M, Oberman HA, Dufek JH. The uptake of radioactive cesium by transplanted human and animal hearts: theoretical and practical significance. INTERNATIONALE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PHARMAKOLOGIE, THERAPIE, UND TOXIKOLOGIE. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, THERAPY, AND TOXICOLOGY 1970; 4:72-82. [PMID: 4250853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kahn DR, Carr EA, Oberman HA, Kirsh M, Dufek JH, Moores WY, Carroll M, Gago O, Sloan H. Effect of anticoagulants on the transplanted heart. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1970; 60:616-24. [PMID: 4990875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Carr EA, Kahn DR, Carroll M, Oberman HA, Dufek J. The uptake of radioactive cesium and myocardial scan in the transplanted heart. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL CENTER JOURNAL 1969; 35:151-4. [PMID: 4915483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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