The Role of CHPD and AIMI processing on enhancing J C and transverse connectivity of in-situ MgB2 strand

Research into in-situ MgB2 strand has been focused on improvements in J C through reduction of porosity. Both of cold-high-pressure-densification (CHPD) and advanced-internal-magnesium-infiltration (AIMI) techniques can effectively remove the voids in in-situ MgB2 strands. This study shows the nature of the reduced porosity for in-situ MgB2 strands lies on increases in transverse grain connectivity as well as longitudinal connectivity. The CHPD method bi-axially applying 1.0 GPa and 1.5 GPa yielded 4.2 K J CM∥s of 9.6 × 104 A/cm2 and 8.5 × 104 A/cm2 at 5 T, respectively, with compared with 6.0 × 104 A/cm2 for typical powder-in-tube (PIT) in-situ strand. Moreover, AIMI-processed monofilamentary MgB2 strand obtained even higher J Cs and transverse grain connectivity than the CHPD strands.

Multigas Analysis by Cavity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Power Transformer Diagnosis

We demonstrate the utility of cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) as a unique multigas analysis tool for power transformer diagnosis. For this purpose, improvements have been added to our recently introduced CERS apparatus. Based on optical feedback frequency-locking, laser radiation is coupled into a high-finesse optical cavity, thus resulting in huge intracavity laser power. With 20 s exposure time, ppm-level gas sensing at 1 bar total pressure is achieved, including carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H₂), methane (CH₄), ethane (C₂H₆), ethylene (C₂H₄), acetylene (C₂H₂), nitrogen (N₂), and oxygen (O₂). By using the internal standard gas (sulfur hexafluoride, SF₆), the quantification of multigas with high accuracy is also realized, which is confirmed by the measurement of calibration gases. For fault diagnosis, transformer oil is sampled from a 110 kV power transformer in service. Dissolved gases are extracted and analyzed by the CERS apparatus. Then the transformer is diagnosed according to the measurement results. CERS has the ability to analyze multigas with high selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy, it has great potential in gas sensing fields.

[Textual research on lost articles in Mei Shi Fang]

Mei Shi fang() is a lost medical prescription book. Its title came from the "book of classics and history" , a chapter of Zhenglei Bencao (, Collected Classified Materia Medica). 117 pieces of lost articles were preserved in the book. In addition to Zhenglei Bencao, a total of 50 kinds of medical books explicitly quoted some of the lost articles in Mei Shi Fang. Among them, 38 kinds of medical books did not exceed the scope of the articles of Mei Shi Fang cited in Zhenglei Bencao, 12 kinds of medical books contained the articles of Mei Shi Fang which did not quoted in Zhenglei Bencao. It is speculated that Mei Shi Fang may still exist in the Yangtze River basin from 1552 to 1578. In terms of the existing articles of Mei Shi Fang, it has academic origin with Zhouhou Beiji Fang (, Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency).

Cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with optical feedback frequency-locking for gas sensing

A cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) gas-sensing method is introduced. Using optical feedback frequency-locking, laser radiation provided by a diode laser is coupled into a three-mirror V-shaped optical cavity. An intracavity laser power of 92 W is realized, yielding a power gain factor of 2200. Raman spectrums of air, carbon dioxide, and acetylene are recorded as a demonstration. Multicomponent gas mixtures including isotopic gases can be simultaneously sensed by CERS. With 200 s exposure time, detection limits of 5.35 Pa for N₂, 5.07 Pa for O₂, 1.74 Pa for CO₂, and 0.58 Pa for C₂H₂ are achieved. CERS is a powerful gas-sensing method with high selectivity and sensitivity, which also has the potential for quantitative analysis of gases with high accuracy.

Constituent-tunable ternary CoM2xSe2(1-x) (M = Te, S) sandwich-like graphitized carbon-based composites as highly efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting

Herein, we fabricated two groups of component-tunable sandwich-like CoTe2xSe2(1-x) and CoS2ySe2(1-y) graphitized carbon-based composites. Due to the synergistic effect between the sandwich-like structures and anion-doping, CoTe2xSe2(1-x) and CoS2ySe2(1-y) demonstrated attractive catalytic performance towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively. After optimizing the composition, we found that sandwich-like Co(Te0.33Se0.67)2 possesses optimal OER properties, with a low Tafel slope (44 mV dec-1), a small η10 (272 mV) and eminent stability for 50 h; meanwhile, the Co(S0.72Se0.28)2 catalyst presents attractive HER performance, featuring a minimum Tafel slope (80 mV dec-1) and a low η10 (106 mV) in alkaline media. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that ΔGH* of the Co(S0.72Se0.28)2 catalyst (0.182 eV) is closest to zero. Therefore, an alkaline electrolyzer was fabricated using Co(Te0.33Se0.67)2 as the anode and Co(S0.72Se0.28)2 as the cathode; it manifested striking catalytic activity and favorable stability for overall water splitting. This is the first time that the effects of different dopants (Te and S atoms) and doping contents on the electrocatalytic performance of CoSe2 were explored towards overall water splitting. Also, this research provides a new pathway for the fabrication of ternary dianion transition metal dichalcogenides as admirable electrocatalysts for water splitting.

[Shang Zhijun, a famous contemporary philogist in herbal literature research]

Mr. Shang is a famous herbalist in contemporary China and he devoted his life to the research of herbal literatures. During his lifetime, he has compiled and published a total 19 herbal literatures, 33 works of herbal literature, 268 academic papers, and more than 20 million words of handwritten herbal transcripts. In the field of herbal literature research, he has achieved fruitful results that are highly recognized by the academic communities. The research results can be roughly summarized as four aspects: the establishment of a two-line research network of herbal formulae, the research and collection of lost herbal works, the collation of the survived ancient herbal works and the textual research of famous herbal works. Many of his research results on herbal literature have been included in the modern higher education professional textbooks, and his outstanding academic achievements have opened the door for later scholars, influencing many scholars both home and abroad.

Application of Self-Assembled Raman Spectrum-Enhanced Substrate in Detection of Dissolved Furfural in Insulating Oil

Accurate detection of dissolved aging features in transformer oil is the key to judging the aging degree of oil-paper insulation. In this work, in order to realize in situ detection of furfural dissolved in transformer oil, silver nanoparticles were self-assembled on the surface of gold film with P-aminophenylthiophenol (PATP) as a coupling agent. Rhodamine-6G (R6G) was used as the probe molecule to test the enhancement effect. By optimizing the molecular concentration, molecular deposition time, and silver sol deposition time of PATP, the nanoparticles were made more uniform and compact, and an enhanced substrate with rich hot spots was obtained. The optimum substrate was developed, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection of trace furfural dissolved in transformer oil was realized. The results showed that the substrate prepared under the conditions of 0.1 mol/L PATP, 5 h deposition in PATP and 12 h immersion in silver sol, had the best reinforcement effect (that is, uniform and compact particle arrangement and no particle clusters). By use of this substrate, the minimum detectable concentration of furfural in transformer oil was about 1.06 mg/L, which provides a new method for fast and nondestructive detection of transformer aging diagnosis.

[Probe of the compiling stylistic rules and layout of Youyou Xin Shu]

Youyou Xin Shu(The New Book on Juveniles)《》is a great book of pediatrics in the Southern Song Dynasty. The book quotes a lot of literature.This paper makes an overall arrangement of the citation, sums up the features of the books cited, corrects some wrong compilations from different texts in various existing versions. Therefore, we can infer the publishing ages and time of some literature related.

Laboratory comparison of two Aphelinus mali clades for control of woolly apple aphid from Hebei Province, China

Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) is an effective natural enemy of woolly apple aphid (WAA), Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann). Previous studies have found that, with WAA from Shandong Province (Qingdao) as the host, there are significant differences in various biological characteristics between a Shandong clade and Liaoning clade of A. mali. The ability of the Shandong clade to control this aphid was significantly higher than that of the Liaoning clade in Shandong Province. In order to determine whether differences were caused by better adaptation of the Shandong parasitoid clade to the population of the host in that province or if it represents a more general fitness of this clade to control the host regardless of location, we compared the same parasitoid clades with hosts from Hebei Province. We found no significant differences in the developmental threshold temperature, effective accumulated temperature, fecundity, longevity, and oviposition period of the two clades, but the duration of host searching of the Shandong clade was significantly longer than that of the Liaoning clade. The instantaneous attack rate, the control ability (a/Th), the search parameter (Q) of the Shandong clade (0.0946, 0.543, 0.0725) of A. mali were higher than that of the Liaoning clade (0.0713, 0.382, 0.0381), and therefore, with WAA from Hebei Province as the host, the host adaptability of the Shandong clade of A. mali was not worse than that of the Liaoning clade, while the pest control ability of the Shandong clade was still greater than that of the Liaoning clade.

[Comparison of outcomes of two minimally invasive approaches for multi-vessel coronary revascularization]

OBJECTIVE

To compare the safety and effectiveness of two minimally invasive approaches for multi-vessel coronary revascularization.

METHODS

From August 2014 to February 2017, 70 consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting in Peking University Third Hospital were randomly divided into two groups. In one group, 40 patients underwent staged-hybrid coronary revascularization (staged-HCR) treatment; in the other group, 30 patients underwent minimally invasive total arterial revascularization with bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA). In staged -HCR group, the patients underwent minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedure for treatment of multi-vessel disease. In BITA group, the patients underwent total arterial coronary artery bypass grafting with composite "Y" BITA graft. Preoperative and postoperative data of the two groups, including postoperative blood usage, mechanical ventilation time, domiciling duration in intensive care unit (ICU), major adverse cerebral and cardiovascular event (MACCE), and postoperative coronary angiography results were compared, in order to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of these surgical approaches.

RESULTS

The preoperative characteristics of 70 patients in the two groups showed no significant difference. All the patients underwent successfully, elective minimally invasive multi-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting as scheduled preoperatively. Postoperative result showed the patients in staged-HCR group took advantages in less postoperative mechanical ventilation time [Staged-HCR group (11.2±8.7) h vs. BITA group (18.3±9.1) h, P=0.013], shorter domiciling duration in ICU [Staged-HCR group (26.29±4.05) h vs. BITA group (44.74±28.75) h, P=0.022], and less total drainage [Staged-HCR group (695.57±250.46) mL vs. BITA group (1 103.26±547.44) mL, P=0.03] than the patients in the group of minimally invasive total arterial revascularization with BITA. Postoperative in hospital coronary angiography showed satisfactory graft patency rates in both groups [97.5% in Staged-HCR group vs. 97.8% in BITA group]. No MACCE occurred in both groups during hospitalization.

CONCLUSION

Staged-HCR is a feasible method for the treatment of multi-vessel revascularization involving right coronary artery. Minimally coronary revascularization with BITA is associated with superior long-term graft patency and it's recommended for patients who could not tolerate dual-antiplatelet therapy. This study shows that both minimally invasive surgical approaches are safe and effective for treatment of patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease.

Charge Transfer Effect on Raman and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Furfural Molecules

The detection of furfural in transformer oil through surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is one of the most promising online monitoring techniques in the process of transformer aging. In this work, the Raman of individual furfural molecules and SERS of furfural-M_x (M = Ag, Au, Cu) complexes are investigated through density functional theory (DFT). In the Raman spectrum of individual furfural molecules, the vibration mode of each Raman peak is figured out, and the deviation from experimental data is analyzed by surface charge distribution. In the SERS of furfural-M_x complexes, the influence of atom number and species on SERS chemical enhancement factors (EFs) are studied, and are further analyzed by charge transfer effect. Our studies strengthen the understanding of charge transfer effect in the SERS of furfural molecules, which is important in the online monitoring of the transformer aging process through SERS.

Architecture and Transport Properties of Multifilamentary MgB2 Strands for MRI and Low AC Loss Applications

Standard in-situ type MgB2 strands manufactured by Hyper Tech Inc have 19 - 36 subelements, a monel outer sheath, and a Cu interfilamentary matrix. Typical transport Jc s of the strands are 2×105 A/cm2 with n-values of 20 - 30 at 4.2 K and 5 T. This work introduces two new MgB2 conductor designs. First, a new class of MgB2 strand is designed for magnetic resonance imaging applications. This type has a higher Cu content designed to enhance protection of a magnet wound with it, and a larger diameter to increase the critical current. Second, a new class of low AC loss MgB2 strand with high filament count and a high resistance matrix is discussed. Transport properties at 4.2 K and fields up to 10 T are reported. Optical techniques are used to study the macro- and micro-structures of these MgB2 strands.

Identification of the crucial genes in the elimination and survival process of Salmonella enterica ser. Pullorum in the chicken spleen

Salmonella enterica ser. Pullorum is one of the most easily re-infecting pathogens in poultry production because of its mechanism of escaping from immune elimination. We used the transcriptome method to investigate the variation in gene expression in chicken spleen resulting from the interaction between hosts and S. Pullorum in the survival process. The expression of various genes related to the maturation and activation of B cells was activated before S. Pullorum was eliminated, which might help S. Pullorum escape from the elimination process. The suppression of some genes involved in the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, such as MYO6, was identified and may be regulated by the secretion systems of S. Pullorum. In addition, a large proportion of these differentially expressed genes could be localized in the identified quantitative trait loci regions associated with the antibody response to bacteria. Collectively, these identified genes provided an outline for further understanding the interaction between chicken immune cells and S. Pullorum in chicken spleen.

DTC chemotherapy regimen is associated with higher incidence of premature ovarian failure in women of reproductive age with breast cancer

OBJECTIVE

Different chemotherapy regimens may contribute differently to the development of Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) in women of reproductive age with breast cancer. Here we evaluated how two different chemotherapy regimens, CAF (tegafur + pirarubicin + ifosfamide) and DTC (docetaxel + pirarubicin + ifosfamide), affect the development of POF.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We enrolled 164 women of reproductive age with breast cancer (mean ± SD age of 34.56 ± 9.48 years). The patients were divided into two groups, which were respectively treated with CAF (n = 89) or DTC (n = 75) chemotherapy regimen. Both study groups were comparable in all analyzed characteristics at baseline. Patients were treated with respective chemotherapy regimen for 6 months and followed up for over 12 months after completion of chemotherapy. Study outcomes were occurrence rates of POF, menstrual status and recovery after completion of chemotherapy, and serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and oestradiol (E2).

RESULTS

At 6 months after completion of chemotherapy, POF incidence rates were significantly lower in the CAF group. Furthermore, the proportion of patients with eumenorrhea, menstrual disorders or chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in this study group was also significantly different from the DTC group. Similarly, adverse changes of serum levels of FSH, LH and E2 were less pronounced in the CAF group.

CONCLUSIONS

Both tested chemotherapy regimens can cause POF; however, adverse effects of DCT chemotherapy regimen on ovarian function are more pronounced than those by CAF chemotherapy regimen.

Single nucleotide polymorphism screening, molecular characterization, and evolutionary aspects of chicken Piwi genes

The P-element-induced wimpy testis (Piwi) gene is involved in germline stem cell self-renewal, meiosis, RNA silencing, and transcriptional regulation. Piwi genes are relatively well conserved in many species, but their function in poultry species is unclear. In this study, Piwi genes were sequenced using a target-sequence capture assay in quail and 28 breeds of chicken. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and evolutionary aspects of these chicken breeds were then analyzed. We found that SNP sites existed mainly in the introns of a few chicken breeds, and we selected an SNP on intron 4 for further verification by Sanger sequencing, the results of which were similar to those obtained by the target-capture sequencing assay. The evolutionary analysis revealed that there were more mutations in the Chahua and Leghorn breeds than in the other breeds, and that the phylogenetic tree was divided into four main categories that suggested that Piwi is evolutionarily conserved, and mutations in the introns might be associated with gametogenesis. The screened SNPs can be used as candidate markers for Piwi, and our results provide basic information for the further study of Piwi function in poultry.

[Measurement of Trace C2H6 Based on Optical-Feedback Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy]

Ethane is one of major fault characteristic gases dissolved in power transformer, the detection of Ethane with high accuracy and sensitivity is the key of dissolved gas analysis. In this paper, based on optical feedback theory and cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, combined with quantum cascade laser, a detection system for dissolved gas C2 H6 in transformer oil was built up. Based on the symmetry of the individual cavity modes, the phase matching of returning light in resonance with the cavity was achieved through LabVIEW codes. The optical feedback effect that the emitted light return to the laser cavity after a small delay time and lock to the resonance frequency of cavity, even and odd modes effect that the higher modes and lower modes structure will build up alternatively, and threshold current lowering effect of about 1.2 mA were studied and achieved. By cavity ring-down spectroscopy, the effective reflectivity of 99.978% and cavity finesse of 7 138.4 is obtained respectively. The frequency selectivity is 0.005 2 cm(-1). With an acquisition time of 1s, this optical system allows detection for the PQ3 band of C2 H6 with high accuracy of 95.72% ± 0.17% and detection limit of (1.97 ± 0.06) x 10(-3) μL x L(-1) at atmospheric pressure and temperature of 20 degrees C, which lays a foundation for fault diagnose from dissolved gas analysis.