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Ibrahimi M, Loqman S, Jemo M, Hafidi M, Lemee L, Ouhdouch Y. The potential of facultative predatory Actinomycetota spp. and prospects in agricultural sustainability. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1081815. [PMID: 36762097 PMCID: PMC9905845 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1081815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetota in the phylum of bacteria has been explored extensively as a source of antibiotics and secondary metabolites. In addition to acting as plant growth-promoting agents, they also possess the potential to control various plant pathogens; however, there are limited studies that report the facultative predatory ability of Actinomycetota spp. Furthermore, the mechanisms that underline predation are poorly understood. We assessed the diversity of strategies employed by predatory bacteria to attack and subsequently induce the cell lysing of their prey. We revisited the diversity and abundance of secondary metabolite molecules linked to the different predation strategies by bacteria species. We analyzed the pros and cons of the distinctive predation mechanisms and explored their potential for the development of new biocontrol agents. The facultative predatory behaviors diverge from group attack "wolfpack," cell-to-cell proximity "epibiotic," periplasmic penetration, and endobiotic invasion to degrade host-cellular content. The epibiotic represents the dominant facultative mode of predation, irrespective of the habitat origins. The wolfpack is the second-used approach among the Actinomycetota harboring predatory traits. The secondary molecules as chemical weapons engaged in the respective attacks were reviewed. We finally explored the use of predatory Actinomycetota as a new cost-effective and sustainable biocontrol agent against plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Ibrahimi
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco,Higher School of Technology Fkih Ben Salah, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Fkih Ben Salah, Morocco
| | - Souad Loqman
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Martin Jemo
- AgroBiosciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- AgroBiosciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco,Labelled Research Unit N°4 CNRST, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Laurent Lemee
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP–CNRS UMR 7285), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Yedir Ouhdouch
- AgroBiosciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco,Labelled Research Unit N°4 CNRST, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco,*Correspondence: Yedir Ouhdouch,
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Liu W, Deng Y, Tan A, Zhao F, Chang O, Wang F, Lai Y, Huang Z. Intracellular behavior of Nocardia seriolae and its apoptotic effect on RAW264.7 macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1138422. [PMID: 36926518 PMCID: PMC10011490 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1138422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nocardia seriolae, an intracellular gram-positive pathogen, is prone to infecting immunocompromised and surface-damaged fish, causing serious losses to the aquaculture industry. Although a previous study has demonstrated that N. seriolae infects macrophages, the persistence of this bacterium in macrophages has not been well characterized. To address this gap, we used the macrophage cell line RAW264.7, to investigate the interactions between N. seriolae and macrophages and deciphered the intracellular survival mechanism of N. seriolae. Confocal and light microscopy revealed that N. seriolae entered macrophages 2 hours post-inoculation (hpi), were phagocytosed by macrophages at 4-8 hpi, and induced the formation of multinucleated macrophages by severe fusion at 12 hpi. Flow cytometry, evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of lactate dehydrogenase, and observation of the ultrastructure of macrophages revealed that apoptosis was induced in the early infection stage and inhibited in the middle and later periods of infection. Additionally, the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Cyto-C, Caspase-3, Capase-8, and Caspase-9 was induced at 4 hpi, and then decreased at 6-8 hpi, illustrating that N. seriolae infection induces the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in macrophages, followed by the inhibition of apoptosis to survive inside the cells. Furthermore, N. seriolae inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species and releases large amounts of nitric oxide, which persists in macrophages during infection. The present study provides the first comprehensive insight into the intracellular behavior of N. seriolae and its apoptotic effect on macrophages and may be important for understanding the pathogenicity of fish nocardiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuting Deng,
| | - Aiping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ouqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingtiao Lai
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
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Wong SY, Charlesworth JC, Benaud N, Burns BP, Ferrari BC. Communication within East Antarctic Soil Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 86:e01968-19. [PMID: 31628145 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01968-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctica, being the coldest, driest, and windiest continent on Earth, represents the most extreme environment in which a living organism can survive. Under constant exposure to harsh environmental threats, terrestrial Antarctica remains home to a great diversity of microorganisms, indicating that the soil bacteria must have adapted a range of survival strategies that require cell-to-cell communication. Survival strategies include secondary metabolite production, biofilm formation, bioluminescence, symbiosis, conjugation, sporulation, and motility, all of which are often regulated by quorum sensing (QS), a type of bacterial communication. Until now, such mechanisms have not been explored in terrestrial Antarctica. In this study, LuxI/LuxR-based quorum sensing (QS) activity was delineated in soil bacterial isolates recovered from Adams Flat, in the Vestfold Hills region of East Antarctica. Interestingly, we identified the production of potential homoserine lactones (HSLs) with chain lengths ranging from medium to long in 19 bacterial species using three biosensors, namely, Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, and Escherichia coli MT102, in conjunction with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The majority of detectable HSLs were from Gram-positive species not previously known to produce HSLs. This discovery further expands our understanding of the microbial community capable of this type of communication, as well as provides insights into physiological adaptations of microorganisms that allow them to survive in the harsh Antarctic environment.IMPORTANCE Quorum sensing, a type of bacterial communication, is widely known to regulate many processes, including those that confer a survival advantage. However, little is known about communication by bacteria residing within Antarctic soils. Employing a combination of bacterial biosensors, analytical techniques, and genome mining, we found a variety of Antarctic soil bacteria speaking a common language, via LuxI/LuxR-based quorum sensing, thus potentially supporting survival in a mixed microbial community. This study reports potential quorum sensing activity in Antarctic soils and has provided a platform for studying physiological adaptations of microorganisms that allow them to survive in the harsh Antarctic environment.
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He S, Qin X, Wong CWY, Shi C, Wang S, Shi X. Ethanol Adaptation Strategies in Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Revealed by Global Proteomic and Mutagenic Analyses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e01107-19. [PMID: 31375481 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01107-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis is able to adapt to sublethal concentrations of ethanol, which subsequently induce tolerance of this pathogen to normally lethal ethanol challenges. This work aims to elucidate the underlying ethanol adaptation mechanisms of S Enteritidis by proteomic and mutagenic analyses. The global proteomic response of S Enteritidis to ethanol adaptation (5% ethanol for 1 h) was determined by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), and it was found that a total of 138 proteins were differentially expressed in ethanol-adapted cells compared to nonadapted cells. A total of 56 upregulated proteins were principally associated with purine metabolism and as transporters for glycine betaine, phosphate, d-alanine, thiamine, and heme, whereas 82 downregulated proteins were mainly involved in enterobactin biosynthesis and uptake, the ribosome, flagellar assembly, and virulence. Moreover, mutagenic analysis further revealed the functions of two highly upregulated proteins belonging to purine metabolism (HiuH, 5-hydroxyisourate hydrolase) and glycine betaine transport (ProX, glycine betaine-binding periplasmic protein) pathways. Deletion of either hiuH or proX resulted in the development of a stronger ethanol tolerance response, suggesting negative regulatory roles in ethanol adaptation. Collectively, this work suggests that S Enteritidis employs multiple strategies to coordinate ethanol adaptation.IMPORTANCE Stress adaptation in foodborne pathogens has been recognized as a food safety concern since it may compromise currently employed microbial intervention strategies. While adaptation to sublethal levels of ethanol is able to induce ethanol tolerance in foodborne pathogens, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is poorly characterized. Hence, global proteomic analysis and mutagenic analysis were conducted in the current work to understand the strategies employed by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis to respond to ethanol adaptation. It was revealed that coordinated regulation of multiple pathways involving metabolism, ABC transporters, regulators, enterobactin biosynthesis and uptake, the ribosome, flagellar assembly, and virulence was responsible for the development of ethanol adaptation response in this pathogen. Such knowledge will undoubtedly contribute to the development and implementation of more-effective food safety interventions.
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Weng W, Zhang F, Zhao B, Wu Z, Gao W, Li Z, Yan H. The complicated role of venous drainage on the survival of arterialized venous flaps. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16414-16420. [PMID: 28145882 PMCID: PMC5369972 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The arterialized venous flap (AVF) has been gradually popularized in clinical settings; however, its survival is still inconsistent and the role of venous drainage remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of venous drainage on the flap survival of arterialized venous flaps. An arterialized venous flap was outlined symmetrically in the rabbit abdomen. The arterial perfusion flap with a unilateral vascular pedicle was taken as the control group and three other experimental groups (I, II and III) were designed based on the number of drainage veins (n = 1, 2 and 3 in the three groups, respectively). Compared with the control group, significant venous congestion was noted in all the experimental groups and the most severe one was seen in group I; while no statistical difference was observed between groups II and III. Similar results regarding blood perfusion state, epidermal metabolite levels and flap survival status were obtained among the three groups. These findings suggested that venous drainage is vital in the survival of the flap, but unlike in the arterial perfusion flaps, the problem of venous congestion can only be partially solved by increasing the number of draining veins. Further studies are warranted to gain insight into this complicated issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Weng
- Department of Orthopedics (Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics (Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics (Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiyang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics (Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Orthopedics (Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hede Yan
- Department of Orthopedics (Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Ma T, Xu L, Wang H, Guo X, Li Z, Wan F, Chen J, Liu L, Liu X, Chang G, Chen G. Identification of the crucial genes in the elimination and survival process of Salmonella enterica ser. Pullorum in the chicken spleen. Anim Genet 2017; 48:303-314. [PMID: 28176342 DOI: 10.1111/age.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica ser. Pullorum is one of the most easily re-infecting pathogens in poultry production because of its mechanism of escaping from immune elimination. We used the transcriptome method to investigate the variation in gene expression in chicken spleen resulting from the interaction between hosts and S. Pullorum in the survival process. The expression of various genes related to the maturation and activation of B cells was activated before S. Pullorum was eliminated, which might help S. Pullorum escape from the elimination process. The suppression of some genes involved in the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, such as MYO6, was identified and may be regulated by the secretion systems of S. Pullorum. In addition, a large proportion of these differentially expressed genes could be localized in the identified quantitative trait loci regions associated with the antibody response to bacteria. Collectively, these identified genes provided an outline for further understanding the interaction between chicken immune cells and S. Pullorum in chicken spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ma
- Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - L Xu
- Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - H Wang
- Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - X Guo
- Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Z Li
- Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - F Wan
- Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - J Chen
- Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - L Liu
- Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - X Liu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - G Chang
- Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - G Chen
- Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
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Venter C, van Aswegen G, Meyer AJ, De Waele D. Histological Studies of Ditylenchus africanus Within Peanut Pods. J Nematol 1995; 27:284-291. [PMID: 19277291 PMCID: PMC2619629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ditylenchus africanus entered the immature pegs and pods of peanut (Arachis hypogaea cv. Sellie) at the peg-connection and subsequently invaded the parenchymatous regions of the hull exocarp and endocarp, and eventually the seed testa. The nematode caused malformations of the cells of infected tissues, cell wall breakage, and cell collapse. The damage appeared to be due to enzymatic activity. In some testae the entire parenchyma region, which aids in protection of the seed, was destroyed. In immature pods, the nematodes moved across the fibrous region of the mesocarp into the hull endocarp. In mature pods, however, the fibrous mesocarp of the hull was lignified and apparently was a barrier to penetration of the inner pod tissues. In late-harvested pods, increased numbers of eggs and anhydrobiotes were found in the hull tissues, and eggs in the seed testa, suggesting the onset of winter survival mechanisms of the nematode.
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