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Rightmire GP. Human Evolution in China: A Metric Description of the Fossils and a Review of the Sites. Xinzhi Wu , Frank E. Poirier. JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1996. [DOI: 10.1086/jar.52.4.3630314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rightmire GP. The origin of modern humans and the impact of chronometric dating. Edited by M.J. Aitken, C.B. Stringer, and P.A. Mellars. vi + 249 pp. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1993, $39.50 (cloth). Am J Hum Biol 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.1310060220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Rightmire GP. Variation among early Homo crania from Olduvai Gorge and the Koobi Fora region. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1993; 90:1-33. [PMID: 8470752 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fossils recognized as early Homo were discovered first at Olduvai Gorge in 1959 and 1960. Teeth, skull parts and hand bones representing three individuals were found in Bed I, and more material followed from Bed I and lower Bed II. By 1964, L.S.B. Leakey, P.V. Tobias, and J.R. Napier were ready to name Homo habilis. But almost as soon as they had, there was confusion over the hypodigm of the new species. Tobias himself suggested that OH 13 resembles Homo erectus from Java, and he noted that OH 16 has teeth as large as those of Australopithecus. By the early 1970s, however, Tobias had put these thoughts behind him and returned to the opinion that all of the Olduvai remains are Homo habilis. At about this time, important discoveries began to flow from the Koobi Fora region in Kenya. To most observers, crania such as KNM-ER 1470 confirmed the presence of Homo in East Africa at an early date. Some of the other specimens were problematical. A.C. Walker and R.E. Leakey raised the possibility that larger skulls including KNM-ER 1470 differ significantly from smaller-brained, small-toothed individuals such as KNM-ER 1813. Other workers emphasized that there are differences of shape as well as size among the hominids from Koobi Fora. There is now substantial support for the view that in the Turkana and perhaps also in the Olduvai assemblages, there is more variation than would be expected among male and female conspecifics. One way to approach this question of sorting would be to compare all of the new fossils against the original material from Olduvai which was used to characterize Homo habilis in 1964. A problem is that the Olduvai remains are fragmentary, and none of them provides much information about vault form or facial structure. An alternative is to work first with the better crania, even if these are from other sites. I have elected to treat KNM-ER 1470 and KNM-ER 1813 as key individuals. Comparisons are based on discrete anatomy and measurements. Metric results are displayed with ratio diagrams, by which similarity in proportions for several skulls can be assessed in respect to a single specimen selected as a standard. Crania from Olduvai examined in this way are generally smaller than KNM-ER 1470, although OH 7 has a relatively long parietal. In the Koobi Fora assemblage, there is variation in brow thickness, frontal flattening and parietal shape relative to KNM-ER 1470.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Rightmire GP. The Dispersal of Homo erectus from Africa and the Emergence of More Modern Humans. JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1991. [DOI: 10.1086/jar.47.2.3630324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rightmire GP. Species of Near-Humans:
Evolutionary History of the "Robust" Australopithecines
. Frederick E. Grine, Ed. Aldine de Gruyter, Hawthorne, NY, 1989. xxii, 527 pp., illus. $99.95. Foundations of Human Behavior. From a workshop, Stony Brook, NY, March 1987. Science 1989; 245:1514. [PMID: 17776800 DOI: 10.1126/science.245.4925.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Rightmire GP. : The Peoples of Southern Africa and Their Affinities . G. T. Nurse, J.S. Weiner, Trefor Jenkins. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 1987. [DOI: 10.1525/aa.1987.89.2.02a00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Russell MD, Brown T, Garn SM, Giris F, Turkel S, İşcan MY, Oyen OJ, Jacobshagen B, Pietrusewsky M, Rightmire GP, Smith FH, Turner CG, Živanović S. The Supraorbital Torus: "A Most Remarkable Peculiarity" [and Comments and Replies]. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 1985. [DOI: 10.1086/203279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rightmire GP. : Hominid Origins: Inquiries Past and Present . Kathleen J. Reichs. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 1984. [DOI: 10.1525/aa.1984.86.2.02a00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rightmire GP. The Lake Ndutu cranium and early Homo sapiens in Africa. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1983; 61:245-54. [PMID: 6410925 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330610214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The partial cranium from Lake Ndutu, near Olduvai Gorge in northern Tanzania, has generally been viewed as Homo erectus, although points of similarity to H. sapiens have also been recognized. Bones of the vault are in fact quite thick, and the cranium is small. Length and breadth dimensions are comparable to those of earlier H. erectus from Koobi Fora and Ileret, and the Ndutu individual is more similar in size to O.H. 12 than to O.H. 9. Unfortunately, the facial skeleton and frontal bone are very incomplete, and little useful information can be obtained from these parts of the existing reconstruction. The parietals are also damaged, but the left temporal is more satisfactorily preserved, and the occiput is nearly complete. Occipital morphology, mastoid shape, and characteristics of the glenoid cavity and tympanic plate probably provide the best available guide to affinities of the Ndutu hominid. In many of these features the cranium resembles Broken Hill, Elandsfontein, and other African fossils referred to archaic H. sapiens. There are some similarities to modern humans also, but no ties to the Neanderthals of Europe. Allocation of Ndutu to an African subspecies of H. sapiens seems most appropriate, even if the pattern of relationships between such archaic populations and recent humans is still unclear.
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Rightmire GP. Stone Age Life in Africa:
The Middle Stone Age at Klasies River Mouth in South Africa
. Ronald Singer and John Wymer. With contributions by K. W. Butzer, N. J. Shackleton, and E. Voigt. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1982. vi. 234 pp., illus., + plates. $30. Science 1983; 220:835-6. [PMID: 17834181 DOI: 10.1126/science.220.4599.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wolpoff MH, De Bonis L, Fleagle JG, Frayer DW, Greenfield LO, Jacobs KH, Protsch R, Rightmire GP, Sarich V, Schwartz JH, Tattersall I, Walker MJ, Zihlman AL, Lowenstein JM. Ramapithecus and Hominid Origins [and Comments and Reply]. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 1982. [DOI: 10.1086/202893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rightmire GP. : Paleo-Anthropology . Milford H. Wolpoff. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 1981. [DOI: 10.1525/aa.1981.83.4.02a00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rightmire GP. Lopoy and Lothagam. No. 1 Lopoy: A late stone-age fishing and pastoralist settlement in the Lake Turkana Basin, Kenya. By L.H. Robbins. No. 2 Late Stone-Age Fishermen of Lothagam, Kenya. By J.L. Angel, T.W. Phenice, L.H. Robbins, and B. Mark Lynch. Michigan State University Museum Anthropological Series Vol. 3, Nos. 1 & 2. East Lansing, Michigan. 1980. xx + 201 pp., figures, tables, bibliography, index. $9.50 (paper). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330560211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Krantz GS, Blakely RL, Brues AM, Coon CS, Falk D, Fleisher MS, Henneberg M, Hewes GW, Howells WW, Jonas DF, Laitman JT, LeMay M, Livingstone FB, Morimoto I, El-Nofely A, Olivier G, Oyen OJ, Paredes JA, Rightmire GP, Riquet R, Stringer CB, Thoma A, Wynn T. Sapienization and Speech [and Comments and Reply]. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 1980. [DOI: 10.1086/202570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rightmire GP. Middle Pleistocene hominids from Olduvai Gorge, northern Tanzania. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1980; 53:225-41. [PMID: 6774618 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330530207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cranial, dental, and mandibular remains of eight Olduvai hominids are described in detail. Four individuals were recovered in situ in Beds II to IV, while three more are most probably derived from Bed IV, the Masek Beds and the Lower Ndutu Beds. One specimen is of uncertain provenance. Deposits from which the fossils were collected range from late Lower Pleistocene to Middle Pleistocene in age. Of particular interest are three fragmentary lower jaws, which can be compared to mandibles of Homo erectus known from localities in Northwest Africa and China. Olduvai hominid 22, a nearly complete half mandible with crowns of P3-M2 in place, shares many anatomical features with fossils from Ternifine and Choukoutien. This individual is also similar to a jaw from the Kapthurin Formation west of Lake Baringo, Kenya. How best to interpret these comparisons is not clear, but in view of marked similarities between specimens representing geographically diverse populations from different time periods, it may be unwise to rely on mandibular evidence alone to document the presence of regional lineages. Gradual change and continuity within a sequence of Northwest African Homo fossils has been endorsed by many workers, but such hypotheses cannot be tested adequately with the fragmentary jaws available.
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Sakka M, Rightmire GP. On the Border Cave Skeletal Remains and Human Evolution. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 1979. [DOI: 10.1086/202348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rightmire GP. : Uniqueness and Diversity in Human Evolution: Morphometric Studies of Australopithecines . Charles E. Oxnard. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 1979. [DOI: 10.1525/aa.1979.81.2.02a01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rightmire GP, Beaumont PB, Bilsborough A, Butzer K, Davies O, Gilead IJ, Groves CP, Howells WW, Irsigler FJ, Luchterhand K, Merrick HV, Rolland N, Thurzo M, Wilson SR, Wymer JJ. Implications of Border Cave Skeletal Remains for Later Pleistocene Human Evolution [and Comments and Reply]. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 1979. [DOI: 10.1086/202201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rightmire GP. Florisbad and human population succession in Southern Africa. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1978; 48:475-66. [PMID: 96698 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330480406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human cranium recovered at Florisbad in 1932 is compared with other Sub-Saharan African hominid remains from Broken Hill, the Omo and Klasies River Mouth. The Florisbad frontal is very broad, but despite this breadth and differences in zygomatic form, there is a definite resemblance to archaic Homo sapiens from Broken Hill. There is also some similarity to both Omo I and Omo II, while fragmentary remains from Klasies River are more lightly built and hence more modern in appearance. These impressions are strengthened by measurement and statistical analysis, which demonstrates that Florisbad and Broken Hill are distant from recent African populations. Even if Florisbad is less archaic than the earlier (Middle Pleistocene?) hominid, it is not noticeably Bushman-like. New dates suggestive of early Upper Pleistocene antiquity also place Florisbad securely in a lineage containing Broken Hill, and there is no evidence to support special ties with any one group of living Africans.
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Rightmire GP. Early Man in South Africa:
Where Hunters Gathered
. A Study of Holocene Stone Age People in the Eastern Cape. H. J. Deacon. South African Archaeological Society, Claremont, 1976. xvi, 232 pp., illus. Paper, R 7.50. South African Archaeological Society Monograph Series, No. 1. Science 1977; 197:359. [PMID: 17797961 DOI: 10.1126/science.197.4301.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Rightmire GP. : The Stone Age Archaeology of Southern Africa . C. Garth Sampson. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 1976. [DOI: 10.1525/aa.1976.78.4.02a00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rightmire GP. New studies of post-Pleistocene human skeletal remains from the Rift Valley, Kenya. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1975; 42:351-69. [PMID: 1096638 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330420304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prehistoric human crania from Bromhead's Site, Willey's Kopje, Makalia Burial Site, Nakuru, and other localities in the Eastern Rift Valley of Kenya are reassessed using measurements and a multivariate statistical approach. Materials available for comparison include series of Bushman and Hottentot crania. South and East African Negroes, and Egyptians. Up to 34 cranial measurements taken on these series are utilized to construct three multiple discriminant frameworks, each of which can assign modern individuals to a correct group with considerable accuracy. When the prehistoric crania are classified with the help of these discriminants, results indicate that several of the skulls are best grouped with modern Negroes. This is especially clear in the case of individuals from Bromhead's Site, Willey's Kopje, and Nakuru, and the evidence hardly suggests post-Pleistocene domination of the Rift and surrounding territory by "Mediterranean" Caucasoids, as has been claimed. Recent linguistic and archaeological findings are also reviewed, and these seem to support application of the term Nilotic Negro to the early Rift populations.
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Gramly RM, Rightmire GP. A Fragmentary Cranium and Dated Later Stone Age Assemblage from Lukenya Hill, Kenya. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.2307/2800741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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