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Tortosa-Molina M, Davis G. Unconscious priming dissociates 'free choice' from 'spontaneous urge' responses. Conscious Cogn 2018. [PMID: 29533865 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Advances in neuroscience offer the exciting prospect of understanding 'free' choices - the subject of the free will debate in philosophy. However, while physiological techniques and analysis have progressed rapidly to meet this challenge, task design has not. The challenge is now to develop laboratory tasks that adequately capture 'free' picking or choosing. To isolate 'internally' generated intentions from those impelled by external stimulus, observers are asked to 'choose freely' or to wait for a felt 'urge'. However, no previous work has explicitly distinguished between instructions that refer to 'urges' versus to 'choosing'. The philosopher Alfred Mele (e.g., 2009; 2014) has argued that the distinction is of crucial conceptual importance, but the two have not yet been empirically distinguished. Here, we show that conscious and unconscious, task-irrelevant primes, bias observers' binary choices when they are instructed to 'choose freely', not when they 'wait for an urge', underscoring the practical importance of Mele's conceptual distinction. Neuroscience must incorporate this distinction if we are to understand processes underpinning free choice.
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Davis G, Fayfman M, Reyes-Umpierrez D, Hafeez S, Pasquel FJ, Vellanki P, Haw JS, Peng L, Jacobs S, Umpierrez GE. Stress hyperglycemia in general surgery: Why should we care? J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:305-309. [PMID: 29273446 PMCID: PMC5975368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the frequency of increasing levels of stress hyperglycemia and its associated complications in surgery patients without a history of diabetes. METHODS We reviewed hospital outcomes in 1971 general surgery patients with documented preoperative normoglycemia [blood glucose (BG) <140mg/dL] who developed stress hyperglycemia (BG >140mg/dL or >180mg/dL) within 48h after surgery between 1/1/2010 and 10/31/2015. RESULTS A total of 415 patients (21%) had ≥1 episode of BG between 140 and 180mg/dL and 206 patients (10.5%) had BG>180mg/dL. The median length of hospital stay (LOS) was 9days [interquartile range (IQR) 5,15] for BG between 140 and 180mg/dL and 12days (IQR 6,18) for BG>180mg/dL compared to normoglycemia at 6days (IQR 4,11), both p<0.001. Patients with BG 140-180mg/dL had higher rates of complications with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.68 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.15-2.44], and those with BG>180mg/dL had more complications [OR 3.46 (95% CI 2.24-5.36)] and higher mortality [OR 6.56 (95% CI 2.12-20.27)] compared to normoglycemia. CONCLUSION Increasing levels of stress hyperglycemia are associated with higher rates of perioperative complications and hospital mortality in surgical patients without diabetes.
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Limawararut V, Hoyama E, Selva D, Davis G. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as an Orbital Cyst with Radiologic Evidence of Perineural Invasion. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 17:970-2. [DOI: 10.1177/112067210701700616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To report clinical and radiologic findings of cystic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the orbit with evidence of perineural involvement. Methods Analysis of clinical findings and radiology with a literature review. Results A 66-year-old man with SCC of the forehead 8 years prior presented with paresthesias, diplopia, and proptosis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined, cystic mass of the orbit with a single, linear structure running through its center. Lateral orbitotomy revealed a cyst adherent to adjacent periorbita containing viscous, clear, yellow substance and a nerve coursing through the center. Histopathology confirmed poorly differentiated spindle cell carcinoma with positive staining for cytokeratin markers, consistent with SCC. Conclusions Orbital cysts associated with altered sensation are suggestive of SCC with perineural spread, requiring prompt investigation and treatment to minimize morbidity and mortality. The involved nerve may be seen as a single, linear structure within the mass on imaging.
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Varnier N, Brown MA, Reynolds M, Pettit F, Davis G, Mangos G, Henry A. Indications for delivery in pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2017. [PMID: 29523266 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the frequency with which the most accepted indicators for delivery in pre-eclampsia are used in a population with predominantly late-onset (birth > 32 weeks) pre-eclampsia (PE). METHODS Retrospective cohort study using the St George Public Hospital (SGH) Hypertension in Pregnancy database. Demographic, pregnancy, and outcome details were extracted and verified by comparison with data collection sheets. RESULTS From 2001 to 2013, 908 women (970 babies) with PE were included, of which a subgroup of 303 women (33%) had clearly delineated delivery triggers available. This subgroup of women had similar demographic and outcome characteristics to the total PE population. In this group, the most common maternal trigger for delivery apart from gestational age 37+ weeks was difficult to control/severe hypertension (114 cases, 38%) and the most common fetal trigger intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR: 14 cases, 4%). 78 (35%) of term women had no specific delivery trigger other than gestation. A primary maternal trigger and/or associated complication was slightly more common in those delivering <37 weeks vs 37+ weeks (52 vs 38%, p = .03), while a fetal or combined maternal/fetal complication was over four times more common in preterm women (25 vs 6%, p < .001). CONCLUSION In our population of predominantly late-onset PE, maternal triggers for delivery (predominantly severe hypertension) far outweigh fetal triggers (predominantly IUGR). Fetal and mixed indicators for delivery were relatively more common in women delivering preterm, possibly reflecting the severity of placental dysfunction in this subgroup.
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Lui A, Parvathaneni U, Laramore G, Rodriguez C, Rostomily R, Silbergeld D, Ferreira M, Futran N, Moe K, Davis G, Humphreys I, Houlton J, Schaub S, Liao J. Management and Long Term Outcomes of Esthesioneuroblastoma at a Single Institution. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chen D, Youssef G, Mangos G, Roberts L, Henry A, Davis G, Homer C, Pettit F, Brown M. P3258Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular structure and function in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at six months post partum. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Allenson K, Castillo J, San Lucas FA, Scelo G, Kim DU, Bernard V, Davis G, Kumar T, Katz M, Overman MJ, Foretova L, Fabianova E, Holcatova I, Janout V, Meric-Bernstam F, Gascoyne P, Wistuba I, Varadhachary G, Brennan P, Hanash S, Li D, Maitra A, Alvarez H. High prevalence of mutant KRAS in circulating exosome-derived DNA from early-stage pancreatic cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:741-747. [PMID: 28104621 PMCID: PMC5834026 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes arise from viable cancer cells and may reflect a different biology than circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) shed from dying tissues. We compare exosome-derived DNA (exoDNA) to cfDNA in liquid biopsies of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Patients and methods Patient samples were obtained between 2003 and 2010, with clinically annotated follow up to 2015. Droplet digital PCR was performed on exoDNA and cfDNA for sensitive detection of KRAS mutants at codons 12/13. A cumulative series of 263 individuals were studied, including a discovery cohort of 142 individuals: 68 PDAC patients of all stages; 20 PDAC patients initially staged with localized disease, with blood drawn after resection for curative intent; and 54 age-matched healthy controls. A validation cohort of 121 individuals (39 cancer patients and 82 healthy controls) was studied to validate KRAS detection rates in early-stage PDAC patients. Primary outcome was circulating KRAS status as detected by droplet digital PCR. Secondary outcomes were disease-free and overall survival. Results KRAS mutations in exoDNA, were identified in 7.4%, 66.7%, 80%, and 85% of age-matched controls, localized, locally advanced, and metastatic PDAC patients, respectively. Comparatively, mutant KRAS cfDNA was detected in 14.8%, 45.5%, 30.8%, and 57.9% of these individuals. Higher exoKRAS MAFs were associated with decreased disease-free survival in patients with localized disease. In the validation cohort, mutant KRAS exoDNA was detected in 43.6% of early-stage PDAC patients and 20% of healthy controls. Conclusions Exosomes are a distinct source of tumor DNA that may be complementary to other liquid biopsy DNA sources. A higher percentage of patients with localized PDAC exhibited detectable KRAS mutations in exoDNA than previously reported for cfDNA. A substantial minority of healthy samples demonstrated mutant KRAS in circulation, dictating careful consideration and application of liquid biopsy findings, which may limit its utility as a broad cancer-screening method.
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Beigi RH, Davis G, Hodges J, Akers A. Preparedness planning for pandemic influenza among large US maternity hospitals. EMERGING HEALTH THREATS JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.3402/ehtj.v2i0.7079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Reyes-Umpierrez D, Davis G, Cardona S, Pasquel FJ, Peng L, Jacobs S, Vellanki P, Fayfman M, Haw S, Halkos M, Guyton RA, Thourani VH, Umpierrez GE. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Surgery Patients Treated to Intensive Versus Conservative Glucose Targets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:309-315. [PMID: 27841946 PMCID: PMC5413099 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine (a) longitudinal changes of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and (b) the association between markers of inflammation and perioperative complications in coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) patients treated with intensive vs conservative blood glucose (BG) control. METHODS Patients with diabetes (n = 152) and without diabetes with hyperglycemia (n = 150) were randomized to intensive (n = 151; BG: 100-140 mg/dL) or to conservative (n = 151; BG: 141-180 mg/dL) glycemic targets. Plasma cortisol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein were measured prior to and at days 3, 5, and 30 after surgery. RESULTS Intensive glycemic control resulted in lower mean BG (132 ± 14 mg/dL vs 154 ± 17 mg/dL, P < 0.001) in the intensive care unit. Plasma cortisol and inflammatory markers increased significantly from baseline after the third and fifth day of surgery (P < 0.001), and returned to baseline levels at 1 month of follow-up. Patients with perioperative complications had higher levels of cortisol, hsCRP, IL-6, and oxidative stress markers compared with those without complications. There were no significant differences in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers between patients, with or without diabetes or complications, treated with intensive or conventional glucose targets. CONCLUSION We report no significant differences in circulating markers of acute inflammatory and oxidative stress response in cardiac surgery patients, with or without diabetes, treated with intensive (100-140 mg/dL) or conservative (141-180 mg/dL) insulin regimens.
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Jeanblanc N, Hemken P, Rae T, Brophy S, Manetz S, Vainshtein I, Liang M, Choudhury P, Chang C, Streicher K, Greenlees L, Xiao X, Ranade K, Davis G. P114 Research use only (RUO) DPP-4 immunoassay. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Davies K, Davis G, Barbut F, Eckert C, Petrosillo N, Wilcox MH. Variability in testing policies and impact on reported Clostridium difficile infection rates: results from the pilot Longitudinal European Clostridium difficile Infection Diagnosis surveillance study (LuCID). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:1949-1956. [PMID: 27590621 PMCID: PMC5138271 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lack of standardised Clostridium difficile testing is a potential confounder when comparing infection rates. We used an observational, systematic, prospective large-scale sampling approach to investigate variability in C. difficile sampling to understand C. difficile infection (CDI) incidence rates. In-patient and institutional data were gathered from 60 European hospitals (across three countries). Testing methodology, testing/CDI rates and case profiles were compared between countries and institution types. The mean annual CDI rate per hospital was lowest in the UK and highest in Italy (1.5 vs. 4.7 cases/10,000 patient bed days [pbds], p < 0.001). The testing rate was highest in the UK compared with Italy and France (50.7/10,000 pbds vs. 31.5 and 30.3, respectively, p < 0.001). Only 58.4 % of diarrhoeal samples were tested for CDI across all countries. Overall, only 64 % of hospitals used recommended testing algorithms for laboratory testing. Small hospitals were significantly more likely to use standalone toxin tests (SATTs). There was an inverse correlation between hospital size and CDI testing rate. Hospitals using SATT or assays not detecting toxin reported significantly higher CDI rates than those using recommended methods, despite testing similar testing frequencies. These data are consistent with higher false-positive rates in such (non-recommended) testing scenarios. Cases in Italy and those diagnosed by SATT or methods NOT detecting toxin were significantly older. Testing occurred significantly earlier in the UK. Assessment of testing practice is paramount to the accurate interpretation and comparison of CDI rates.
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Matheson E, Luo M, Davis G, Baggs G, Nelson J, Pereira S, Hagazi R, Ahmed N, Steele C, Deutz N. MON-P090: Effect of a Specialized Ons on Serum Markers of Nutrition and Inflammation in Hospitalized Malnourished Older Patients. Clin Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(16)30724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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El-Bayar H, Roberts A, Hye R, Davis G, Freischlag J. Determinants of Failure in Superficial Femoral Artery Angioplasty. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/153857449402800806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although results of iliac artery balloon angioplasty have been shown to be good, there are much less data regarding initial success and durability of superficial femoral artery (SFA) dilation. The authors retrospectively reviewed the results of 22 patients treated for 27 SFA lesions between 1981 and 1986. Mean age was 64.5 years (fifty-five to seventy-six). Results were analyzed with respect to initial, early ( < twelve months), and late ( > twelve months) angiographic and clinical success. Indications were claudication (22), nonhealing ulcer (3), and rest pain (2). Mean follow-up was 30.9 months; 100% at one year and 92% at two years. Initial failure occurred in 9 (33%) lesions. There were 2 early and 2 late failures for a cumulative patency rate of 90.3% and 78% at one and two years, respectively. Predictors of clinical failure were: (1) initial—age, SFA occlusion, and angio plasty rating; (2) early—age, SFA occlusion, degree of atherosclerosis, and angioplasty rating; (3) late—angioplasty rating. There were 3 complications (11%). The authors conclude that: (1) 33% of attempted SFA angioplasties were initially unsuccessful and that the cumulative patency rate was 78% at two years. (2) Age is predictive of initial and early failure; SFA occlusion, of initial and early failure; degree of atherosclerosis, of early failure; and angioplasty appearance, of initial, early, and late failures. (3) Complications did not result in limb loss or require surgery.
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Urschel H, Finney J, Dyll L, Boland G, Race G, Jay B, Davis G, Balla G, Urschel HC. Treatment of Arteriosclerotic Obstructive Cerebrovascular Disease With Hydrogen Peroxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/153857446700100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Davis G, Patel RP, Tan TL, Alijanipour P, Naik TU, Parvizi J. Ethnic differences in heterotopic ossification following total hip arthroplasty. Bone Joint J 2016; 98-B:761-6. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.98b6.36050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aims We aimed to assess the influence of ethnicity on the incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients and Methods We studied the six-month post-operative anteroposterior radiographs of 1449 consecutive primary THAs (1324 patients) and retrospectively graded them for the presence of HO, using the Brooker Classification. Results Based on multivariate analysis, African-American ethnicity was an independent risk factor for HO formation following THA with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 5.2, p = 0.007) for severe HO and 1.9 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.7, p < 0.001) for any grade of HO. Conclusion Given the increased risk of HO formation, particularly high grade HO, and the potentially poorer outcomes associated with HO, it is important to consider using prophylaxis against HO in patients of African-American ethnicity undergoing THA. Take home message: African Americans are at an increased risk for developing heterotopic ossification and thus may benefit from HO prophylaxis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:761–6.
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Davis G, Cooles S, Diesel G, Blenkinsop J. Summary of suspected adverse events, 2014. Vet Rec 2016; 178:187-9. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.i895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jin H, Snyder R, Li M, Zhou J, Li X, Davis G, Kishawi I, Liu L. Validation of Short Turnaround Time Preimplantation Genetic Screen (PGS) Assay with Agilent CHG Array (PGS-Quick). Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Liu L, Hou S, Lin M, Song M, Chen L, Li M, Jin H, Zhou J, Li X, Davis G, Ding H, Tseng H. A Pilot Study of NIPS-24 Using Circulating Fetal Nucleated Cells (CFNCs) Isolated with Nanovelcro Microchips. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Increase in the number of reports of suspected adverse events in animals, Fewer reports of human adverse events to veterinary medicines, Notable increase in reports relating to products used for treating canine epilepsy. These are some of the results from the surveillance work carried out by the pharmacovigilance unit at the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD), as discussed by Giles Davis and colleagues from the VMD.
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Cáceres CE, Davis G, Duple S, Hall SR, Koss A, Lee P, Rapti Z. Complex Daphnia interactions with parasites and competitors. Math Biosci 2014; 258:148-61. [PMID: 25445737 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Species interactions can strongly influence the size and dynamics of epidemics in populations of focal hosts. The "dilution effect" provides a particularly interesting type of interaction from a biological standpoint. Diluters - other host species which resist infection but remove environmentally-distributed propagules of parasites (spores) - should reduce disease prevalence in focal hosts. However, diluters and focal hosts may compete for shared resources. This combination of positive (dilution) and negative (competition) effects could greatly complicate, even undermine, the benefits of dilution and diluter species from the perspective of the focal host. Motivated by an example from the plankton (i.e., zooplankton hosts, a fungal parasite, and algal resources), we study a model of dilution and competition. Our model reveals a suite of five results: • A diluter that is a superior competitor wipes out the host, regardless of parasitism. Although expected, this outcome is an ever-present danger in strategies that might use diluters to control disease. • If the diluter is an inferior competitor, it can reduce disease prevalence, despite the competition, as parameterized in our model. However, competition may also reduce density of susceptible hosts to levels below that seen in focal host-parasite systems alone. • As they decrease disease prevalence, diluters destabilize dynamics of the focal host and their resources. Thus, diluters undermine the stabilizing effects of disease. • The four species combination can generate very complex dynamics, including period-doubling bifurcations and torus (Neimark-Sacker) bifurcations. • At lower resource carrying capacity, the diluter’s dilution of spores is 'helpful' to the focal host, i.e., dilution can elevate host density by reducing disease. But, as the resource carrying capacity increases further, the equilibrium density of the diluter increases while the density of the focal host decreases, despite competition. Namely, the negative effects of competition start to outweigh the positive effects of dilution from the perspective of equilibrium density of the focal host.
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Hammad FT, Wheatley AM, Davis G. Bosentan normalizes the GFR response to renal nerve stimulation following reversible unilateral ureteric obstruction in the rat. Physiol Res 2014; 63:713-22. [PMID: 25157662 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the renal response to direct renal nerve stimulation, 2 weeks following reversal of 24-h unilateral (left) ureteric obstruction. Renal nerve stimulation caused a 13-15 % fall in renal blood flow, in 4 groups of anesthetized rats following ureteric obstruction (n=9) or a sham operation (n=7) both with (n=9) and without (n=7) treatment with the mixed ET(A/B) receptor antagonist, bosentan. In the sham-operated rats, renal nerve stimulation did not change glomerular filtration rate but reduced urine flow rate (37+/-3 %, P<0.001), and absolute (38+/-4 %, P<0.001) and fractional (35+/-5 %, P<0.01) sodium excretion. Following unilateral ureteric obstruction, renal nerve stimulation increased glomerular filtration rate by 22+/-3 % (P<0.01), but reduced urine flow rate (14+/-2 %, P<0.001) and fractional sodium excretion (23+/-5 %, P<0.01). Bosentan treatment had no effect on baseline or renal responses to renal nerve stimulation in the sham group but normalized the renal response to renal nerve stimulation in the unilateral ureteric obstruction group. We conclude that 14 days after a 24-h period of unilateral ureteric obstruction there is an increase in GFR in response to direct renal nerve stimulation, which is due, in part, to the actions of endothelin at the time of obstruction.
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Ade PAR, Aikin RW, Amiri M, Barkats D, Benton SJ, Bischoff CA, Bock JJ, Brevik JA, Buder I, Bullock E, Davis G, Day PK, Dowell CD, Duband L, Filippini JP, Fliescher S, Golwala SR, Halpern M, Hasselfield M, Hildebrandt SR, Hilton GC, Irwin KD, Karkare KS, Kaufman JP, Keating BG, Kernasovskiy SA, Kovac JM, Kuo CL, Leitch EM, Llombart N, Lueker M, Netterfield CB, Nguyen HT, O'Brient R, Ogburn RW, Orlando A, Pryke C, Reintsema CD, Richter S, Schwarz R, Sheehy CD, Staniszewski ZK, Story KT, Sudiwala RV, Teply GP, Tolan JE, Turner AD, Vieregg AG, Wilson P, Wong CL, Yoon KW. BICEP2. II. EXPERIMENT AND THREE-YEAR DATA SET. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/792/1/62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Del Casino VJ, Butterworth M, Davis G. The slippery geographies of polio. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 14:546-7. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Increase in serious adverse events; Increase in reports involving products marketed under the Small Animal Exemption Scheme; Decrease in injection site reactions. These are some of the results from the surveillance work carried out by the pharmacovigilance unit at the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD), as discussed by Giles Davis and colleagues.
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Nayak BS, Pinto Pereira LM, Seemungal T, Davis G, Teelucksingh S, Jagessar A, Legall G. Relationship of fasting total homocysteine, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and features of the metabolic syndrome in Trinidadian subjects. Arch Physiol Biochem 2013; 119:22-6. [PMID: 23137347 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2012.735245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship of homocysteine, hs-CRP, with known cardiovascular risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. METHOD Cross sectional study comprised 182 diabetic outpatients (70 males and 112 females), attending endocrinology clinics in Trinidad. RESULTS Both male and females showed significant linear relationships between high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), blood pressure and diabetes (r = -0.2 < R or R > 0.2). In females hs-CRP showed significant linear relationship with HDL, triglyceride, blood pressure and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.0001). The inverse relationship of hs-CRP with HDL implies the strong association of hs-CRP with metabolic syndrome. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant relation of hs-CRP, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. There was no significant relationship of tHCY to any of the features studied. CONCLUSION Serum C-reactive protein is significantly related to features of the metabolic syndrome. Total plasma homocysteine, appears to be independent of both hs-CRP and features of the metabolic syndrome.
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