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Sharma GK. Is there enough evidence that low-molecular-weight heparin is superior to unfractionated heparin in pulmonary embolism? ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2000; 160:2065-6. [PMID: 10888989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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Abstract
The traditional view of injuries as "accidents", or random events, has resulted in the historical neglect of this area of public health. However, the most recent estimates show that injuries are among the leading causes of death and disability in the world. They affect all populations, regardless of age, sex, income, or geographic region. In 1998, about 5.8 million people (97.9 per 100,000 population) died of injuries worldwide, and injuries caused 16% of the global burden of disease. Road traffic injuries are the 10th leading cause of death and the 9th leading cause of the burden of disease; self-inflicted injuries, falls, and interpersonal violence follow closely. Injuries affect mostly young people, often causing long-term disability. Decreasing the burden of injuries is among the main challenges for public health in the next century--injuries are preventable, and many effective strategies are available. Public health officials must gain a better understanding of the magnitude and characteristics of the problem, contribute to the development and evaluation of injury prevention programs, and develop the best possible prehospital and hospital care and rehabilitation for injured persons.
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Mador MJ, Kufel TJ, Pineda LA, Sharma GK. Diaphragmatic fatigue and high-intensity exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:118-23. [PMID: 10619807 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.1.9903010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at a mechanical disadvantage and should be predisposed to the development of diaphragmatic fatigue when the ventilatory system is stressed by exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with moderately severe COPD develop contractile fatigue of the diaphragm after cycle exercise to the limits of tolerance. Twelve male patients with COPD, age 61.4 +/- 3.0 yr, participated. Their forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) was 1.79 +/- 0.14 L, 49.6 +/- 3.4% of predicted. Patients cycled at 60-70% of their predetermined maximal work capacity until they had to stop because of intolerable symptoms. Twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi,tw) was measured during cervical magnetic stimulation before and 10, 30, and 60 min after exercise. A persistent fall in Pdi,tw postexercise of >/= 10% was considered potentially indicative of contractile fatigue of the diaphragm. Patients cycled for 10.2 +/- 2.0 min at a workload of 59.9 +/- 4.3 W. Patients exercised maximally relative to their capacity reaching a peak oxygen consumption (V O(2)) of 108.1 +/- 2.8% of the peak V O(2) obtained during a preliminary maximal incremental exercise test. Pdi,tw was not significantly different from baseline at any time postexercise. Pdi,tw was 19.9 +/- 1.6 cm H(2)O at baseline, 19.6 +/- 2.0 cm H(2)O at 10 min postexercise, 18. 6 +/- 2.0 cm H(2)O at 30 min postexercise, and 19.5 +/- 1.7 cm H(2)O at 60 min postexercise. In the individual patients, two of the patients had a persistent >/= 10% fall in Pdi,tw postexercise, potentially indicative of contractile fatigue of the diaphragm. In conclusion, the majority of patients with moderately severe COPD do not develop contractile fatigue of the diaphragm after high-intensity constant workload cycle exercise to the limits of tolerance.
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Logani KB, Agarwal K, Sharma GK. Epidermoid cyst of brain--an incidental autopsy finding. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1997; 95:124. [PMID: 9357286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
An unusual decapitation death of a young man from a road traffic accident involving a two-wheel scooter is reported.
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Gautam AS, Sharma RC, Sharma VP, Sharma GK. Importance of clinical diagnosis of malaria in national malaria control programme. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MALARIOLOGY 1991; 28:183-7. [PMID: 1822457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The study conducted at Kheda district, Gujarat, revealed that judgement of patient on the basis of symptoms and diagnosis of the doctor were correct in 50 and 27% of the suspected malaria cases respectively. In malaria control programme, emphasis on health education and passive case detection is indicated.
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Knowles NJ, Sharma GK. A study of antigenic variants of foot and mouth disease virus type A in India between 1977 and 1985. REV SCI TECH OIE 1990; 9:1157-68. [PMID: 1966752 DOI: 10.20506/rst.9.4.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural polypeptides of thirty-three field isolates of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) collected in India between 1977 and 1985 were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They were placed in eleven groups based on their patterns and compared with results of conventional serological (virus neutralisation and complement fixation) tests. Variation occurred in the structural proteins of the viruses isolated between 1977 and 1981; however, the polypeptide patterns of viruses isolated in 1984 and 1985 were identical.
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Sharma GK, Thapa BR, Mitra SK, Mehta S. Esophageal atresia with double tracheoesophageal fistula. Indian Pediatr 1989; 26:497-9. [PMID: 2599623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Collins RT, Sharma GK, Dhal KB. Gel diffusion determinations on feeding behaviour patterns of anophelines in Orissa State, India. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 1989; 21:1-23. [PMID: 2572623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In 1981 Entomological Field Research Units were established in three districts of Orissa State, India, from which Anopheles bloodmeals were forwarded regularly for analysis to an Entomological Laboratory in Bhubaneswar. At the onset of 1982, the laboratory introduced a modified gel diffusion technique for determining the origin of mosquito bloodmeals and by the end of 1983, 22,300 smears had been processed and analyzed. The technique is relatively very simple, fast and inexpensive. The results are reproducible and the use of double controls (negative and positive) ensure a high degree of reliability.
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Dimri GP, Sharma GK, Mudholkar VM. Fabrication of deep curvature meniscus lenses. APPLIED OPTICS 1989; 28:17. [PMID: 20548411 DOI: 10.1364/ao.28.000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Dash AP, Das M, Bendle MS, Sharma GK. Prevalence of winter forms of Anopheles annularis V. d. Wulp (Diptera:Culicidae) in Keonjhar district of Orissa. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 1988; 20:287-92. [PMID: 3268592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Barkakaty BN, Sharma GK, Chakravorty NK. Studies on efficacy of treatment with sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim and sulfalene + pyrimethamine combinations in Plasmodium falciparum malaria of known and unknown resistant status. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 1988; 20:165-74. [PMID: 3076890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ray K, Upreti HB, Yadav RN, Sharma MC, Mukherjee AK, Sharma GK. Evaluation of serology as a tool for malaria surveillance in East Champaran District of Bihar, India. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 1988; 82:225-8. [PMID: 3074736 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1988.11812236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The indirect immunofluorescence test was evaluated as a tool for malaria surveillance. The population of 12 villages in the East Champaran District of Bihar with a low annual parasitic index and a low annual blood examination rate was surveyed in order to confirm the low endemicity of malaria in these villages. Two specimens of blood, one taken during the pre-transmission season and one taken during the post-transmission season, were collected for parasitological and serological studies. The paired samples showed no parasite positivity in the study population in both surveys. All the villages had very low serological titres. However, the presence of malaria antibodies in the zero to five years age group (the sentinel group) indicated that malaria transmission occurred in the study area at a very low level. The seropositivity and the geometric mean titre were lower in the pre-transmission season than in the post-transmission season, but the overall reduction in geometric mean titre, which was very low throughout the study, was not statistically significant. The study emphasizes the importance of serological tests in malaria surveillance.
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Sharma SP, Biswas H, Pandey DS, Pandey RS, Das M, Sharma GK. Control of bancroftian filariasis in a rural area through selected treatment with diethylcarbamazine. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 1987; 19:322-5. [PMID: 3333775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Beljaev AE, Brohult JA, Sharma GK, Samantaray KC. Studies on the detection of malaria at primary health centres. Part III. Parasitological profile of population surveyed for malaria through passive case detection. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MALARIOLOGY 1987; 24:97-106. [PMID: 3330715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sharma GK. A critical review of the impact of insecticidal spray under NMEP on malaria situation in India. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 1987; 19:187-290. [PMID: 3333654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kalra NL, Sharma GK. Malaria control in Delhi--past, present and future. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 1987; 19:91-116. [PMID: 3331392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sharma GK, Narasimham MV. Current status of malaria control/eradication programme in India and future strategy in the context of "health for all by 2000 A.D.". THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 1987; 19:31-6. [PMID: 3655293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sharma GK, Rao CK, Sharma SP, Sundaram RM, Ghosh TK, Raina VK, Rao PK, Das M. Relative impact of integrated vector control strategy vis-a-vis conventional control strategy on bancroftian filariasis in Pondicherry. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 1986; 18:267-75. [PMID: 3309031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sharma SP, Kosare GJ, Biswas H, Das M, Trivedi GK, Sharma GK. Control of bancroftian filariasis in rural areas through selected treatment with diethylcarbamazine. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 1986; 18:283-6. [PMID: 3309033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sharma GK, Talbot IC. Pulmonary megakaryocytes: "missing link" between cardiovascular and respiratory disease? J Clin Pathol 1986; 39:969-76. [PMID: 3531243 PMCID: PMC500195 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.39.9.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary megakaryocytes were quantitated in a series of 30 consecutive hospital necropsies using a two stage immunoperoxidase stain for factor VIII related antigen. In all 30 cases they were found with a mean density of 14.65 megakaryocytes/cm2 in lung sections of 5 micron in thickness. The maximum concentration of intrapulmonary megakaryocytes was consistently found to be in the central zone of the right upper lobe. Less than 22% of the observed cells possessed abundant cytoplasm, the rest appearing as effete, naked, and seminaked nuclei. The mean megakaryocyte count was found to be increased in association with both respiratory pathology (positive smoking history and impaired lung function) and cardiovascular disease states--shock; thromboembolism; myocardial infarction; and severe atheroma in the abdominal aorta, the coronary circulation, and the circle of Willis. Pulmonary megakaryocytes probably embolise from bone marrow. This may reflect stimulated thrombopoiesis, caused by increased platelet consumption in association with atherosclerotic disease, but it cannot be taken to confirm that the lung is the principal site of platelet production.
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Das M, Rao CK, Thapar BR, Roy SM, Phira JG, Sharma GK. A field evaluation of pirimiphos methyl for control of malaria in Tirap district, Arunachal Pradesh, India. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 1986; 18:157-77. [PMID: 3553311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sharma VP, Chandrahas RK, Ansari MA, Srivastava PK, Razdan RK, Batra CP, Raghuvendra K, Nagpal BN, Bhalla SC, Sharma GK. Impact of DDT and HCH spraying on malaria transmission in villages with DDT and HCH resistant Anopheles culicifacies. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MALARIOLOGY 1986; 23:27-38. [PMID: 2428678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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49
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Beljaev AE, Sharma GK, Brohult JA, Haque MA. Studies on the detection of malaria at primary health centres. Part II. Age and sex composition of patients subjected to blood examination in passive case detection. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MALARIOLOGY 1986; 23:19-25. [PMID: 3758438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Sharma VP, Sharma GK, Ansari MA, Mittal PK, Razdan RK, Batra CP. Impact of malathion thermal fogging on mosquito populations in Delhi and its place in malaria control. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MALARIOLOGY 1986; 23:65-7. [PMID: 3758441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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