N'-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-benzyl-idene)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzohydrazide dihydrate

The title compound, C₁₄H₁₁BrN₂O₅·2H₂O, crystallizes as hydrogen-bonded sheets. The 2-hydr­oxy group on the benzyl­idene group forms an intra­molecular hydrogen bond to the N atom of the C=N double bond. The amino N atom is a hydrogen-bond donor to a water mol­ecule. The hydr­oxy group on the benzohydrazide group is a hydrogen-bond donor to one acceptor site, whereas each water mol­ecule is a hydrogen-bond donor to two acceptor sites.

Bis{2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[2-(phenyl-sulfon-yl)hydrazonometh-yl]phenolato-κN,O}copper(II)

The Cu atom in the title compound, [Cu(C₁₃H₉BrClN₂O₃S)₂], is chelated by two deprotonated Schiff base ligands in a square-planar coordination geometry; the Cu atom lies on a center of inversion. The –NH– group of one anion forms an intra­molecular hydrogen bond to the phenolate atom of the symmetry-related ion.

Bis{μ-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N'-[1-(5-methyl-2-oxidophen-yl)ethyl-idene]-aceto-hydraz-idato}bis-[aqua-zinc(II)] dimethyl sulfoxide tetra-solvate

The dinuclear title compound, [Zn₂(C₁₉H₁₇N₃O₂)₂(H₂O)₂]·4C₂H₆OS, lies about a center of inversion. The deprotonated monoanion O,N,O-chelates the Zn atom; the hydr­oxy O atom also engages in bonding to the symmetry-related Zn atom so that one N and three O atoms form a square around the metal. The coordination geometry is square-pyramidal, with the apical site occupied by a water mol­ecule. Hydrogen bonds, with the water mol­ecule serving as donor atom, lead to the formation of a linear chain motif. There is an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond between the complex molecule and solvent O atom.

Bis[1,5-bis(1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)thiocarbazonato-κ2N,S]nickel(II) dimethyl sulfoxide disolvate

The Ni atom in the crystal structure of the centrosymmetric title compound, [Ni(C₁₉H₁₅N₆S)₂]·2C₂H₆OS, is N,S-chelated by the deprotonated Schiff bases in a square-planar geometry. The –CH=N—N=C(S)—NH—N=CH– frament is planar. The two indolyl –NH (donor) sites inter­act with dimethyl sulfoxide mol­ecules to furnish a layer motif.

trans-Bis(1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde thio-semicarbazonato-κN,S)nickel(II)

The Ni atom in the centrosymmetric title compound, [Ni(C(10)H(9)N(4)S)(2)], is N,S-chelated by the deprotonated Schiff bases in a square-planar geometry. The -CH=N-N=C(S)-NH(2) frament is planar. Adjacent mol-ecules are linked by hydrogen bonds between the indolyl -NH (donor) site and the double-bond =N- (acceptor) site of an adjacent mol-ecule, forming a layer motif.

2-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl-iminiomethyl]-4-nitro-phenolate

The title Schiff base, C(17)H(15)N(3)O(3), exists in the zwitterionic form with the phenol H atom transferred to the imine group. Adjacent zwitterions are linked into a linear chain running along the a axis by an indole-hydr-oxy N-H⋯O hydrogen bond [3.100 (2) Å].

Dichloridobis(2-{1-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl-iminio]eth-yl}phenolate-κO)zinc(II)-2-{1-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl-iminio]eth-yl}phenolate (1/2)

In the mononuclear complex mol­ecule of the title compond, [ZnCl₂(C₁₈H₁₈N₂O)₂]·2C₁₈H₁₈N₂O, the Zn atom, which lies on a twofold rotation axis, is coordinated by phenolate O atoms in a tetra­hedral coordination geometry. The coordinated Schiff base uses its indole NH donor site to form a hydrogen bond to the negatively charged phenolate O atom of the uncoordinated zwitterionic Schiff base. There is an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond in the coordinated and uncoordinated Schiff bases. The indole NH site of the uncoordinated Schiff base does not engage in a hydrogen-bond inter­action. The CH₂—CH₂ group in the uncoordinated Schiff base is disordered equally over two positions.

1-(2-Hydr-oxy-5-methyl-phen-yl)ethanone [(1H-indol-3--yl)acet-yl]hydrazone

The indolyl –NH group of the title Schiff base, C₁₉H₁₉N₃O₂, forms a hydrogen bond to the –OH group of an inversion-related mol­ecule, resulting in a hydrogen-bonded dimer; adjacent dimers are further linked through an inter­dimer N—H⋯O hydrogen bond involving the –C(=O)–NH–N=fragment to form a linear ribbon that runs along the a axis.

1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde thio-semi-carbazone

The mol­ecules of the title compound, C₁₀H₁₀N₄S, are linked by N—H_indole⋯S hydrogen bonds to form a linear hydrogen-bonded chain. There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit.

N'-(5-Fluoro-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl-idene)benzene-sulfono-hydrazide

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C₁₄H₁₀FN₃O₃S, consists of an indole unit and a phenylsulfonyl unit that are disposed in an approximately trans orientation relative to the N—N single bond. Two mol­ecules are arranged about a center of inversion, forming a hydrazide–carbonyl N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonded dimer; the dimers are linked by an indole–sulfonyl N—H⋯O hydrogen bond into a ribbon.

Bis{μ-N′-[1-(5-bromo-2-oxidophenyl)ethylidene]benzenesulfonohydrazidato}-κ3O2,N′:N;κ3N:O2,N′-bis[(dimethyl sulfoxide-κO)copper(II)]

In the title centrosymmetric dinuclear complex, [Cu₂(C₁₅H₁₁BrN₂O₃S)₂(C₂H₆OS)₂], the Cu^II ion is N,O-chelated by a dianionic ligand, monocoordinated by the sulfonamide N atom of a symmetry-related ligand and coordinated by an O atom from a dimethyl sulfoxide ligand, forming a distorted square-planar coordination geometry.

N′-(2,5-Dihydroxybenzylidene)benzenesulfonohydrazide

In the title compound, C₁₃H₁₂N₂O₄S, the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 89.5 (1)°. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯O_hydr­oxy and N—H⋯O_sulfon­yl hydrogen bonds, forming a ribbon that propagates along the b axis; there is also an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond.

1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde azine

The molecule of the title compound, C₁₈H₁₄N₄, lies on a center of inversion such that there is one half-mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. The N—N single bond adopts a trans configuration and the indole fused-ring system is nearly coplanar with the –CH=N—N=CH– fragment [dihedral angle = 9.8 (2)°]. Adjacent mol­ecules are linked by indole–azine N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a layer motif.

Bis{4-chloro-2-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl-imino-meth-yl]phenolato-κN,O}zinc(II)

The Zn atom in the title compound, [Zn(C₁₇H₁₄ClN₂O)₂], is N,O-chelated by two deprotonated Schiff base monoanionic ligands in a tetra­hedral coordination geometry. The Zn atom lies on a special position of site symmetry 2.

Distribution of radium in oil and gas industry wastes from Malaysia

Radium concentrations in 470 samples of the various types of waste from oil and gas industries were analysed using gamma spectrometers. The results showed that the radium concentration varied within a wide range. The highest mean 226Ra and 228Ra concentrations of 114,300 and 130,120 Bq/kg, respectively, were measured in scales. Overall, 75% of the waste, mostly sludge and extraction residue lies within the normal range of radium concentration in soils of Malaysia. However, some platform sludge can have radium concentration up to 560 Bq/kg.

Rapid and simple chromatographic method for the determination of diazepam and its major metabolites in human plasma and urine

A simple, rapid, sensitive and selective HPLC method has been developed for the analysis of diazepam (DZP) and its major metabolites, N-desmethyldiazepam (DMDZP), temazepam (TZP) and oxazepam (OZP), in plasma and urine, using clonazepam (CZP) as the internal standard and chloroform as the extracting solvent, with a 10 ng/ml limit of quantitation for the four assayed drugs, and an average (+/-S.D.) recovery of 87.7+/-6.46%, 92.9+/-5.31%, 91.4+/-4.01% and 91.7+/-2.68% for DZP, DMDZP, TZP and OZP, respectively (from plasma), and 89.6+/-2.26%, 90+/-4.24%, 87.45+/-0.64% and 94.50+/-0.71% for DZP, DMDZP, TZP and OZP, respectively (from urine). The method has also proved to be selective and reproducible.

Effect of Khat chewing on the bioavailability of ampicillin and amoxycillin

The study examined the effect of Khat chewing on ampicillin and amoxycillin bioavailability following the administration of a 500 mg single dose of each antibiotic at different times relative to Khat chewing. Using a urinary excretion method the bioavailabilities of ampicillin and amoxycillin were determined in eight healthy adult male Yemeni volunteers. The extent and rate of ampicillin bioavailability were reduced significantly by Khat chewing except when administered 2 h after the Khat chewing session. However, the bioavailability of amoxycillin was only significantly reduced when the antibiotic was taken midway through the Khat chewing session. It was concluded that the two antibiotics, particularly ampicillin, should be taken 2 h after Khat chewing.

A prospective, randomized controlled trial of inpatient versus outpatient continence programs in the treatment of urinary incontinence in the female

Seventy-four patients presenting with a mixed pattern of urinary symptoms were randomly allocated to undergo either inpatient or outpatient continence programs as initial treatment, without prior urodynamic investigation. Both programs consisted of physiotherapy, bladder retraining, fluid normalization, dietary advice and general support and advice. Nine out of 39 in the outpatient group and 8 out of the 35 of the inpatient group failed to complete the study. There was a significant decrease in frequency, nocturia, number of incontinent episodes and visual analog scores for both groups. In addition the outpatients had a significant reduction in loss on pad testing, and a significantly greater improvement in their visual analog score. In each group 63% were cured or improved to the extent that they did not require further treatment. Staff costs per outpatient were half those for an inpatient. We conclude that outpatient conservative treatment as detailed above is a successful first-line treatment of urinary incontinence in women. It is as successful and possibly better than inpatient treatment, and is significantly cheaper.