26
|
Kashlak AB, Devane E, Dietert H, Jackson H. Markov models for ocular fixation locations in the presence and absence of colour. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rssc.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Jackson H, MacLeod AK. Well-being in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Relationship to Symptoms and Psychological Distress. Clin Psychol Psychother 2016; 24:859-869. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
28
|
Williams LJ, Pasco JA, Jackson H, Kiropoulos L, Stuart AL, Jacka FN, Berk M. Depression as a risk factor for fracture in women: A 10 year longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2016; 192:34-40. [PMID: 26706830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated deficits in bone mineral density (BMD) among individuals with depression. While reduced BMD is a known risk for fracture, a direct link between depression and fracture risk is yet to be confirmed. METHODS A population-based sample of women participating in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study was studied using both nested case-control and retrospective cohort study designs. A lifetime history of depression was identified using a semi-structured clinical interview (SCID-I/NP). Incident fractures were identified from radiological reports and BMD was measured at the femoral neck using dual energy absorptiometry. Anthropometry was measured and information on medication use and lifestyle factors was obtained via questionnaire. RESULTS Among 179 cases with incident fracture and 914 controls, depression was associated with increased odds of fracture (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.57, 95%CI 1.04-2.38); further adjustment for psychotropic medication use appeared to attenuate this association (adjusted OR 1.52, 95%CI 0.98-2.36). Among 165 women with a history of depression at baseline and 693 who had no history of depression, depression was associated with a 68% increased risk of incident fracture (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.68, 95%CI 1.02-2.76), with further adjustment for psychotropic medication use also appearing to attenuate this association (adjusted HR 1.58, 95%CI 0.95-2.61). LIMITATIONS Potential limitations include recall bias, unrecognised confounding and generalizability. CONCLUSIONS This study provides both cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence to suggest that clinical depression is a risk factor for radiologically-confirmed incident fracture, independent of a number of known risk factors. If there is indeed a clinically meaningful co-morbidity between mental and bone health, potentially worsened by psychotropic medications, the issue of screening at-risk populations needs to become a priority.
Collapse
|
29
|
Chanen A, Jackson H, Cotton SM, Gleeson J, Davey CG, Betts J, Reid S, Thompson K, McCutcheon L. Comparing three forms of early intervention for youth with borderline personality disorder (the MOBY study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:476. [PMID: 26489661 PMCID: PMC4618920 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-1001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Borderline personality disorder is a severe mental disorder that usually has its onset in youth, but its diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. Psychosocial ‘early intervention’ is effective in improving symptoms and behaviours, but no trial has studied adaptive functioning as a primary outcome, even though this remains the major persistent impairment in this patient group. Also, the degree of complexity of treatment and requirements for implementation in mainstream health services are unclear. The primary aim of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of three forms of early intervention for borderline personality disorder in terms of adaptive functioning. Each treatment is defined by combining either a specialised or a general service delivery model with either an individual psychotherapy or a control psychotherapy condition. Methods/design The study is a parallel-group, single-blind, randomised controlled trial, which has randomised permuted blocking, stratified by depression score, sex and age. The treatments are: (1) the specialised Helping Young People Early service model plus up to 16 sessions of individual cognitive analytic therapy; (2) the Helping Young People Early service plus up to 16 sessions of a control psychotherapy condition known as ‘befriending’; (3) a general youth mental health care model plus up to 16 sessions of befriending. Participants will comprise 135 help-seeking youth aged 15–25 years with borderline personality disorder. After baseline assessment, staff blind to the study design and treatment group allocation will conduct assessments at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. At the 12-month primary endpoint, the primary outcome is adaptive functioning (measures of social adjustment and interpersonal problems); secondary outcomes include measures of client satisfaction, borderline personality disorder features, depression and substance use. Discussion The results of this trial will help to clarify the comparative effectiveness of a specialised early intervention service model over and above general youth mental health care, along with the contribution of individual cognitive analytic therapy over and above specialised general clinical care in early intervention for borderline personality disorder. Consequently, the findings will also inform the level of training and competency required for effective delivery of early intervention services. Trial registration Registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12610000100099 on 1 February 2010.
Collapse
|
30
|
van de Crommenacker J, Bourgeois YXC, Warren BH, Jackson H, Fleischer-Dogley F, Groombridge J, Bunbury N. Using molecular tools to guide management of invasive alien species: assessing the genetic impact of a recently introduced island bird population. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
31
|
Quirk M, Ponrartana S, Jackson H, Zeinati C. Pediatric thyroid nodules: role of the pediatric interventional radiologist and review of a pediatric specific entity. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.12.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
32
|
Stewart TM, Plasencia M, Han H, Jackson H, Becker CB. Moderators and Predictors of Response to Eating Disorder Risk Factor Reduction Programs in Collegiate Female Athletes. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2014; 15:713-720. [PMID: 25400505 PMCID: PMC4228963 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this paper was to investigate moderators and predictors of response to two programs designed to reduce eating disorder risk factors in collegiate female athletes. This study served as an ancillary study to a parent trial that investigated the feasibility of an athlete modified cognitive dissonance-based program (AM-DBP) and an athlete modified healthy weight intervention program (AM-HWI). DESIGN 157 female collegiate athletes were randomized to either the AM-DBP or the AM-HWI program. Participants completed surveys at baseline, post-intervention, 6 weeks, and 1 year. METHODS After classifying sports as either lean or non-lean, we investigated if sport type acted as a moderator of program response to AM-DBP and AM-HWI using ANOVAs. Next, we examined whether baseline thin-ideal internalization, weight concern, shape concern, bulimic pathology, dietary restraint, and negative affect acted as predictors of changes in bulimic pathology using linear regression models. RESULTS Athletes in non-lean sports who received AM-DBP showed more improvement in negative affect versus non-lean sport athletes in AM-HWI. Higher baseline scores of bulimic pathology predicted greater response in bulimic pathology to both programs at 6-weeks. In contrast, athletes with higher dietary restraint and negative affect baseline scores showed decreased response to both interventions at 6-weeks. Finally, athletes with higher baseline shape concern showed a decreased response to the AM-HWI intervention at the post intervention time point. CONCLUSION Results from the present study indicate that lean/non-lean sport may not play a strong role in determining response to efficacious programs. Further, factors such as pre-existing bulimic pathology, dietary restraint, negative affect, and shape concern may affect general response to intervention versus specific responses to specific interventions.
Collapse
|
33
|
Krahn A, Jackson H, Macfarlane A, Wagner B, Tang A. A CANADIAN CARDIAC RATE BOOK: CARDIAC IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE IMPLANTS (2006 to 2012). Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
34
|
Bennett M, Ayers D, Ding L, Jackson H, Krahn A. THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE IN LONGEVITY OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEfiBRILLATORS BETWEEN MANUFACTURERS. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
35
|
Bennett M, Ayers D, Ding L, Jackson H, Krahn A. LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AFTER IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR IMPLANTATION: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
36
|
Bei B, Bryant C, Gilson KM, Koh J, Gibson P, Komiti A, Jackson H, Judd F. A prospective study of the impact of floods on the mental and physical health of older adults. Aging Ment Health 2014; 17:992-1002. [PMID: 23711204 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2013.799119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With a longitudinal prospective design, we examined the impact of floods on the mental and physical health of older adults and explored risk and protective factors. METHOD Two hundred and seventy four older adults (age ≥60) completed surveys before and after a flood event. Both the surveys included measures of anxiety, depression, self-reported health, and satisfaction with life; the post-flood survey also included questionnaires on flood experience, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), stoicism, and psychological coping with floods. RESULTS Compared to those not personally affected (78.8%), personally affected individuals (21.2%) reported significantly higher PTSD symptoms, with about one in six reporting PTSD symptoms that might require clinical attention. Personally affected individuals also reported a greater increase in anxiety post-flood, but changes in their depressive symptoms and self-reported health were not significantly different from those not personally affected. Greater flood exposure and the lack of social support were the risk factors for poorer mental and physical health. Higher stoicism was associated with higher post-flood depression and poorer self-reported mental health. The use of maladaptive coping, such as venting and distraction, was associated with greater deterioration in mental health after floods, whilst emotion-focused coping such as acceptance, positive reframing, and humour, was protective against such deterioration. CONCLUSION Floods had adverse psychological impacts on some older adults who were personally affected. Despite the evidence of resilience, a small proportion of older adults experienced significant difficulties after the floods. The findings in this study help understand older adults' psychological responses to disasters and have practical implications for service planning and delivery.
Collapse
|
37
|
Huber GM, Blok HP, Butuceanu C, Gaskell D, Horn T, Mack DJ, Abbott D, Aniol K, Anklin H, Armstrong C, Arrington J, Assamagan K, Avery S, Baker OK, Barrett B, Beise EJ, Bochna C, Boeglin W, Brash EJ, Breuer H, Chang CC, Chant N, Christy ME, Dunne J, Eden T, Ent R, Fenker H, Gibson EF, Gilman R, Gustafsson K, Hinton W, Holt RJ, Jackson H, Jin S, Jones MK, Keppel CE, Kim PH, Kim W, King PM, Klein A, Koltenuk D, Kovaltchouk V, Liang M, Liu J, Lolos GJ, Lung A, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Matsumura A, McKee D, Meekins D, Mitchell J, Miyoshi T, Mkrtchyan H, Mueller B, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Okayasu Y, Pentchev L, Perdrisat C, Pitz D, Potterveld D, Punjabi V, Qin LM, Reimer PE, Reinhold J, Roche J, Roos PG, Sarty A, Shin IK, Smith GR, Stepanyan S, Tang LG, Tadevosyan V, Tvaskis V, van der Meer RLJ, Vansyoc K, Van Westrum D, Vidakovic S, Volmer J, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wood SA, Xu C, Yan C, Zhao WX, Zheng X, Zihlmann B. Separated response function ratios in exclusive, forward π(±) electroproduction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:182501. [PMID: 24856691 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study of exclusive π(±) electroproduction on the nucleon, including separation of the various structure functions, is of interest for a number of reasons. The ratio RL=σL(π-)/σL(π+) is sensitive to isoscalar contamination to the dominant isovector pion exchange amplitude, which is the basis for the determination of the charged pion form factor from electroproduction data. A change in the value of RT=σT(π-)/σT(π+) from unity at small -t, to 1/4 at large -t, would suggest a transition from coupling to a (virtual) pion to coupling to individual quarks. Furthermore, the mentioned ratios may show an earlier approach to perturbative QCD than the individual cross sections. We have performed the first complete separation of the four unpolarized electromagnetic structure functions above the dominant resonances in forward, exclusive π(±) electroproduction on the deuteron at central Q(2) values of 0.6, 1.0, 1.6 GeV(2) at W=1.95 GeV, and Q(2)=2.45 GeV(2) at W=2.22 GeV. Here, we present the L and T cross sections, with emphasis on RL and RT, and compare them with theoretical calculations. Results for the separated ratio RL indicate dominance of the pion-pole diagram at low -t, while results for RT are consistent with a transition between pion knockout and quark knockout mechanisms.
Collapse
|
38
|
Bryant C, Bei B, Gilson KM, Komiti A, Jackson H, Judd F. Antecedents of Attitudes to Aging: A Study of the Roles of Personality and Well-being. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2014; 56:256-65. [PMID: 24793646 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Little research has examined factors that contribute to the formation of attitudes toward one's own aging. The current study aimed to examine personality as defined by the Five-Factor model of personality as an antecedent of attitudes, while taking into account demographic and health factors known to be relevant to such attitudes. DESIGN AND METHODS Participants aged 60 years or older (N = 421) were part of a longitudinal study of health and well-being in Australia, and completed a postal survey comprising measures of personality, the Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire, the SF-12 health survey, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. RESULTS Higher levels of neuroticism were associated with less positive attitudes toward old age as a time of psychological growth, and higher extraversion and agreeableness were significant predictors of less negative attitudes toward psychosocial loss. Baseline measures of self-reported mental and physical health, as well as change in those scores, also made significant contributions to attitudes toward aging. IMPLICATIONS Personality was a significant antecedent of attitudes towards aging, as were mental and physical health. The data highlight the role of potentially modifiable factors, such as mental and physical health. If these factors act as resources that shape an individual's attitudes during the aging process, then one potential foundation for holding positive attitudes to aging is to maintain physical and mental health. This requires interventions and policies that are effective in encouraging health-promoting behaviors.
Collapse
|
39
|
Killackey E, Allott K, Cotton SM, Jackson H, Scutella R, Tseng YP, Borland J, Proffitt TM, Hunt S, Kay-Lambkin F, Chinnery G, Baksheev G, Alvarez-Jimenez M, McGorry PD. A randomized controlled trial of vocational intervention for young people with first-episode psychosis: method. Early Interv Psychiatry 2013; 7:329-37. [PMID: 23848427 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Young people who are experiencing first-episode psychosis (FEP) are at increased risk of being unemployed compared to either their same age peers in the general population, or those with other mental illnesses. Significant research has been conducted examining employment interventions for those with chronic psychotic illness. This has yielded strong results in favour of an intervention called individual placement and support (IPS). However, significantly less work has examined the benefit of this approach to those in FEP when the potential for vocational rehabilitation is perhaps greater. This study adds to the knowledge of vocational intervention in first-episode psychotic illness. Additionally, it expands this work into the areas of cognition, social cognition, social inclusion and economics. METHODS The study is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial comparing receiving high-quality FEP treatment as usual plus IPS (IPS + TAU) to a FEP treatment as usual (TAU) intervention alone within a specialized FEP service. RESULTS The study recruited 146 people attending a first-episode psychosis service over 2 years. They were assessed at baseline, 6 months (end of intervention) 12 and 18 months with a battery covering psychopathology, economic, demographic, social cognitive, cognitive and diagnostic variables. CONCLUSIONS This paper describes the methodology for the largest attempted study of IPS in FEP. This study has the capacity to answer questions about the benefits on illness and economic impacts of vocational recovery in FEP. Further, it has the capacity to extend knowledge about the contribution of cognitive and social cognitive factors to recovery in this domain.
Collapse
|
40
|
Naylor HL, Jackson H, Walker GH, Macafee S, Magee K, Hooper L, Stewart L, MacLaughlin HL. British Dietetic Association evidence-based guidelines for the protein requirements of adults undergoing maintenance haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013; 26:315-28. [PMID: 23731266 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing nutritional guidelines suggest that protein requirements of adults with stage five chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) are increased as a result of protein losses during dialysis. The present review aimed to update previous guidance and develop evidence-based practice guidelines on the protein requirements of adults undergoing maintenance dialysis. METHODS Following a PICO approach (Participants or Population, Intervention or Exposure, Comparison and Outcome), four research questions were formulated to investigate the total protein requirement and protein quality required by adults undergoing HD and PD. A comprehensive, systematic review was undertaken using the databases Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library from 2005 to September 2009 for HD studies and from 1997 to September 2009 for PD studies. RESULTS The literature search yielded 2931 studies, which were assessed for inclusion. Following appraisal, 19 studies in HD and 18 studies in PD met the inclusion criteria and were systematically reviewed. Limited good quality evidence supports the recommendations that: (i) adults undergoing maintenance HD require a minimum protein intake of 1.1 g kg(-1) ideal body weight (IBW) per day; and (ii) adults undergoing maintenance PD require a minimum protein intake of 1.0-1.2 kg(-1) IBW per day, in conjunction with an adequate energy intake. There were no studies that addressed the quality of protein for either HD or PD. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests that nutritional status may be maintained with lower protein intakes than previously recommended. However, the evidence base is limited and further randomised controlled trials are required to establish the optimal protein intake for dialysis patients.
Collapse
|
41
|
Gilson KM, Bryant C, Bei B, Komiti A, Jackson H, Judd F. Validation of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ) in older adults. Addict Behav 2013; 38:2196-202. [PMID: 23454884 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Drinking motives have been established as an important construct in the prediction of alcohol use and drinking problems among younger adults, but there is little understanding about the drinking motivations of older adults. Although emerging evidence shows the importance of studying older adults' own reasoning for their alcohol consumption, measures that have been used to assess such reasons lack psychometric assessment. This study aims to validate the three-dimensional structure of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ) in older adults and to investigate the relationships between drinking motives and alcohol use. A sample of community dwelling older adults (N=370) completed self-report measures assessing drinking behavior and motives for drinking. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the results supported a three-factor model of drinking motives. Multi-group analysis of invariance showed support for configural and metric invariance, and partial support was met for scalar invariance. Social motivations for drinking were the most frequently endorsed, followed by enhancement, and coping motives. Males reported more frequent drinking for each of the three motives. Social motives were consistently related to drinking behaviors and coping had a direct relationship to drinking problems. Overall, the study shows that the DMQ has promise as a measure for use with older adults.
Collapse
|
42
|
Jovev M, Green M, Chanen A, Cotton S, Coltheart M, Jackson H. Attentional processes and responding to affective faces in youth with borderline personality features. Psychiatry Res 2012; 199:44-50. [PMID: 22503381 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined attentional biases for emotional faces in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Twenty-one outpatient youth (aged 15-24 years) meeting three or more DSM-IV BPD criteria and 20 community-derived participants (aged 15-24 years) with no history of psychiatric problems and not meeting any BPD criteria completed a modified dot-probe task that tested automatic (30 ms) and controlled (500 ms) stages of information processing. The findings indicate that, compared with healthy controls, youth with borderline features were faster to respond to congruent rather than incongruent fear stimuli. This effect was independent of state anxiety and was observed during the 30 ms presentation of fearful faces. There was no significant effect for happy or angry faces. Youth with borderline features were also slower to respond to incongruent rather than paired neutral trials, indicating difficulties in disengaging attention from the perceived threat. Such differences were not found for the healthy controls. Thus, youth with borderline features had an attentional bias for fearful faces that reflected difficulty in disengaging attention from threatening information during pre-conscious stages of attention. This finding extends previous research highlighting the diminished capacity for affect regulation and subsequent engagement in behavioural strategies to avoid distress in BPD. Future research should explore the relationship between information processing, emotion regulation in adult BPD samples.
Collapse
|
43
|
Judd F, Jackson H, Komiti A, Bell R, Fraser C. The profile of suicide: changing or changeable? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012; 47:1-9. [PMID: 21052623 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-010-0306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to: (1) examine the role of psychosocial factors, physical and mental health in suicide; (2) to examine gender differences on those variables; and (3) determine whether there was a group who died by suicide who did not have a history of mental illness. METHOD Data were obtained from The Australian National Coroners Information System (NCIS) for all deaths classified as suicides from 2000 to 2004 in all Australian states. The NCIS is an internet-based system for storing and retrieving data on coronial cases. RESULTS The overall results from the total sample reinforces many previous findings but also found some differences; importantly, psychiatric morbidity was less than generally reported, and comparable proportions of males and females used violent means to suicide. Using latent class analysis the study identified four clusters of people who had suicided. In two of those clusters mental illness appeared to be a significant factor; in one of those two clusters the mental illness was compounded by additional drug and alcohol and relationship problems whilst the other was without such levels of comorbidity. The third group was predominantly male, older and physical illness seemed to be a significant factor. The final group was characterised by low rates of mental illness and treatment for the same, but marked by relationship and financial difficulties. CONCLUSIONS These data may suggest that the profile of suicide is changing or changeable. Certainly there has been a shift in the gender profile with comparable proportions of women and men. Whilst mental illness remains a major risk factor, perhaps greater emphasis needs to be placed on the broader psychosocial issues which may initiate or hasten the pathway to suicide. In addition, it may be that the relative contribution of mental illness and other factors is fluid in relation to both life stage and life circumstances. Suicide prevention programmes might usefully define a range of discrete areas of work.
Collapse
|
44
|
Fisher K, Paxton R, Jackson H, Noble S, Thomsett K, Reynolds S, Hart K, Engel B. Comparison of screening tools in patients undergoing haemodialysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01175_8.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
45
|
Matthay KK, Weiss BD, Villablanca J, Maris JM, Yanik GA, Groshen SG, Jackson H, Hawkins R, Goodarzian F, Panigrahy A, DuBois SG, Stubbs J, Towbin A, Barrett JA, LaFrance ND, Babich JW. Dosimetry, toxicity, and response in a phase IIa trial of no-carrier added iobenguane I-131 (nca-MIBG): A New Approach to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) study. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.9512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
46
|
Jovev M, Chanen A, Green M, Cotton S, Proffitt T, Coltheart M, Jackson H. Emotional sensitivity in youth with borderline personality pathology. Psychiatry Res 2011; 187:234-40. [PMID: 21269710 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
If Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by an underlying emotional sensitivity, individuals with this disorder would be expected to demonstrate accurate identification of emotional expressions at earlier stages of expression (i.e., lower thresholds of facial expressivity across all emotional valences). Twenty-one outpatient youth (aged 15-24 years) meeting 3 or more DSM-IV BPD criteria and 20 community-derived participants (aged 15-24 years) with no history of psychiatric problems were tested on a measure of emotional sensitivity, the Face Morph Task. In this test faces morph from neutral to each of the six basic emotional expressions. The BPD group showed no evidence of heightened sensitivity to emotional facial expressions compared to the community control group (all P>0.05 and effect sizes ranging from 0 to 0.6). They require comparable levels of emotional expressivity in order to correctly identify emotions. Therefore, emotional sensitivity might not be apparent early in the course of BPD. Rather, it might develop later in the course of the disorder or be present only in severe BPD.
Collapse
|
47
|
Kelly PJ, Baker GA, van den Broek MD, Jackson H, Humphries G. The detection of malingering in memory performance: The sensitivity and specificity of four measures in a UK population. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 44:333-41. [PMID: 16252435 DOI: 10.1348/014466505x35687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the validity of a clinical neuropsychological battery for the detection of malingering on tests of memory. METHODS A simulated scenario design was developed to investigate the effectiveness of a battery of four neuropsychological tests in the detection of malingering; the Coin in the Hand Test (CIH), Autobiographical Memory Index (AMI), Rey I 5-Item Test (RIT),and the Wechsler Mental Control Test (MCT). The performances of patients with an acquired brain injury (N = 40) were compared with two groups of controls instructed either to simulate a head injury performance (N = 40) or do their best (N = 40). RESULTS The CIH and MCT demonstrated good validity and displayed high sensitivity and specificity. The RIT and the AMI was relatively poor in distinguishing between simulators and patients. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity and specificity of all four tests to the detection of malingering has been assessed. Two of the tests the CIH and MCT would be useful as a quick and accurate screening tool for detecting malingering.
Collapse
|
48
|
Jackson H, Parker F, Glover EC. STUDIES OF DISEASES OF THE LYMPHOID AND MYELOID TISSUES. I : THE CHEMICAL METABOLISM OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL LYMPH NODES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 52:547-60. [PMID: 19869787 PMCID: PMC2131896 DOI: 10.1084/jem.52.4.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
From a study of the metabolism of 71 lymph nodes and tumors one may conclude: 1. The nature of a tumor can not be predicted from the metabolism because too much overlapping of metabolic rates exists between the pathological groups. 2. There is no evidence metabolically one way or another as to whether malignant lymphomata of any type should be classed as neoplastic or as infectious processes. 3. The degree of cell differentiation can in most cases be foretold by the percentage difference between the aerobic and the anaerobic glycolysis. The greater the differentiation the greater the percentage difference. Sarcomata in general constitute an exception to this rule. 4. The degree of malignancy in carcinoma, but not in other tumors, can, with certain exceptions, be predicted from the height of the value U. 5. Human sarcomata appear to have a metabolism far more closely comparable to that of benign tumors than to that of carcinomata. They do not behave as malignant tumors under the Warburg classification. Their energy requirements are not of the same order as those of carcinoma. 6. One can not from the value U or from the glycolytic rates predict whether or not a tissue should be classed as neoplastic. 7. Warburg's findings for carcinomata are confirmed and amplified.
Collapse
|
49
|
Rossit S, Muir K, Reeves I, Duncan G, Livingstone K, Jackson H, Castle P, Harvey M. Non-lateralized impairments in anti- but not pro-pointing in patients with hemispatial neglect. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
50
|
Harvey M, Muir K, Reeves I, Duncan G, Livingstone K, Jackson H, Castle P, Rossit S. Pointing and bisection in open and closed loop reaching in patients with hemispatial neglect. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|