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Fang H, Banjade H, Jena P. Reply to the 'Comment on "Realization of the Zn 3+ oxidation state"' by Y. Shang, N. Shu, Z. Zhang, P. Yang and J. Xu, Nanoscale, 2022, 14, DOI: 10.1039/D1NR07031B. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8881-8885. [PMID: 35678358 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In a recent paper (https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NR02816B), we suggested that Zn can assume a +3-oxidation state when interacting with super-electrophilic clusters, BeB11(CN)12 and BeB23(CN)22. In a comment to our paper (https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NR07031B), Shang et al. have questioned this suggestion. Using density functional theory with the TPSSh functional and def2-SVP basis sets in the Gaussian16 software and semiempirical localized orbital bonding analysis (LOBA), the authors have made three major claims: (1) the oxidation state of Zn in Zn[BeB11(CN)12] and Zn[BeB23(CN)22] is +2; (2) electron affinities are not reliable to probe the oxidation states; and (3) our results are "misleading" because these are based on the VASP code. According to these authors, VASP is not suitable for small clusters because it uses projected augmented wave (PAW) pseudopotentials. In the following, we show that these claims are invalid, caused by both misunderstanding and the authors' use of a lower-level theory.
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Zhao Z, Murphy D, Gifford H, Williams S, Darlington A, Relton SD, Fang H, Wong DC. Analysis of an adaptive lead weighted ResNet for multiclass classification of 12-lead ECGs. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35255483 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac5b4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background. Twelve lead ECGs are a core diagnostic tool for cardiovascular diseases. Here, we describe and analyse an ensemble deep neural network architecture to classify 24 cardiac abnormalities from 12 lead ECGs.Method. We proposed a squeeze and excite ResNet to automatically learn deep features from 12-lead ECGs, in order to identify 24 cardiac conditions. The deep features were augmented with age and gender features in the final fully connected layers. Output thresholds for each class were set using a constrained grid search. To determine why the model made incorrect predictions, two expert clinicians independently interpreted a random set of 100 misclassified ECGs concerning left axis deviation.Results. Using the bespoke weighted accuracy metric, we achieved a 5-fold cross-validation score of 0.684, and sensitivity and specificity of 0.758 and 0.969, respectively. We scored 0.520 on the full test data, and ranked 2nd out of 41 in the official challenge rankings. On a random set of misclassified ECGs, agreement between two clinicians and training labels was poor (clinician 1:κ= -0.057, clinician 2:κ= -0.159). In contrast, agreement between the clinicians was very high (κ= 0.92).Discussion. The proposed prediction model performed well on the validation and hidden test data in comparison to models trained on the same data. We also discovered considerable inconsistency in training labels, which is likely to hinder development of more accurate models.
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Chen M, Abdul-Rahman A, Archambault D, Dykes J, Ritsos P, Slingsby A, Torsney-Weir T, Turkay C, Bach B, Borgo R, Brett A, Fang H, Jianu R, Khan S, Laramee R, Matthews L, Nguyen P, Reeve R, Roberts J, Vidal F, Wang Q, Wood J, Xu K. RAMPVIS: Answering the challenges of building visualisation capabilities for large-scale emergency responses. Epidemics 2022; 39:100569. [PMID: 35597098 PMCID: PMC9045880 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2022.100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Lei JQ, Liu WY, Tang Y, Tang Y, Li N, Ren H, Yihebali C, Sun YK, Zhang W, Bi XY, Zhao JJ, Fang H, Lu NN, Zhou AP, Wang SL, Song YW, Liu YP, Chen B, Qi SN, Cai JQ, Li YX, Jin J. [Stereotactic body radiation therapy for patients with lung and liver oligometastases from colorectal cancer: a phase Ⅱ trial]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 2022; 44:282-290. [PMID: 35316879 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20200413-00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the safety and effectiveness of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for oligometastases from colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: This is a prospective, single-arm phase Ⅱ trial. Patients who had histologically proven CRC, 1 to 5 detectable liver or lung metastatic lesions with maximum diameter of any metastases ≤5 cm were eligible. SBRT was delivered to all lesions. The primary endpoint was 3-year local control (LC). The secondary endpoints were treatment-related acute toxicities of grade 3 and above, 1-year and 3-year overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test. Results: Petients from 2016 to 2019 who were treated in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. Forty-eight patients with 60 lesions were enrolled, including 37 liver lesions and 23 lung lesions. Forty-six patients had 1 or 2 lesions, with median diameter of 1.3 cm, the median biologically effective dose (BED(10)) was 100.0 Gy. The median follow-up was 19.5 months for all lesions. Twenty-five lesions developed local failure, the median local progression free survival was 15 months. The 1-year LC, OS and PFS was 70.2% (95% CI, 63.7%~76.7%), 89.0% (95% CI, 84.3%~93.7%) and 40.4% (95%CI, 33.0%~47.8%). The univariate analysis revealed that planning target volume (PTV) and total dose were independent prognostic factors of LC (P<0.05). For liver and lung lesions, the 1-year LC, OS and PFS was 58.7% and 89.4% (P=0.015), 89.3% and 86.5% (P=0.732), 30.5% and 65.6% (P=0.024), respectively. No patients developed acute toxicity of grade 3 and above. Conclusion: SBRT is safe and effective treatment method for oligometastases from CRC under precise respiratory motion management and robust quality assurance.
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Ding JX, Huang WB, Jiang XX, Zhang LD, Fang H, Jin J. [Bioinformatics screening and analysis of key differentially expressed genes characteristics in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2022; 30:297-303. [PMID: 35462486 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20210525-00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To screen and analyze the key differentially expressed genes characteristics in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with bioinformatics method. Methods: NAFLD-related expression matrix GSE89632 was downloaded from the GEO database. Limma package was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in healthy, steatosis (SS), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) samples. WGCNA was used to analyze the output gene module. The intersection of module genes and differential genes was used to determine the differential genes characteristic, and then GO function and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis were performed. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed using the online website STRING and Cytoscape software, and the key (Hub) genes were screened. Finally, R software was used to analyze the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the Hub gene. Results: 92 differentially expressed genes characteristic were obtained through screening, which were mainly enriched in inflammatory response-related functions of "lipopolysaccharide response and molecular response of bacterial origin", as well as cancer signaling pathways of "proteoglycan in cancer" and "T-cell leukemia virus infection-related". 10 hub genes (FOS, CXCL8, SERPINE1, CYR61, THBS1, FOSL1, CCL2, MYC, SOCS3 and ATF3) had good diagnostic value. Conclusion: The differentially expressed hub genes among the 10 NAFLD disease-related characteristics obtained with bioinformatics analysis may become a diagnostic and prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for NAFLD. However, further basic and clinical studies are needed to validate.
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Hao S, Fang H, Fang S, Zhang T, Zhang L, Yang L. Changes in nuclear factor kappa B components expression in the ovine spleen during early pregnancy. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/146491/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fang H. [Carbon peak, carbon neutrality: strategic opportunities for China's health system]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2022; 102:90-93. [PMID: 35012295 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20211022-02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive emission of greenhouse gases is the most important reason for global warming. Severe climate change significantly threatens human health. World Health Organization estimated that 12.6 million deaths were attributable to modifiable environmental factors and climate change would lead to 0.25 million deaths annually during 2030-2050. All countries in the world try to reduce greenhouse gas emission to mitigate adverse impacts of climate change by following the Paris Agreement, through setting goals and measures of carbon peak, and carbon neutrality. China plays a very important role in the campaign of global Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality. Climate change is also a global health emergency, and Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality will be a strategic opportunity for China's health system. The goals of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality are harmonized with those of China's health system, both aiming to provide high-quality health security for all Chinese people. China's health system should try to not only reduce its own carbon footprints, but also make significant contributions to the global Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality campaign.
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Chen B, Zhai Y, Li Y, Wang L, Wu J, Wang S, Niu L, Zeng H, Wu F, Rong W, Song Y, Sun Y, Yu T, Tang Y, Li N, Fang H, Yang Z, Zhao P, Liu Y, Song Y, Lu N, Jing H, Qi S, Yang Y. Previous/Concurrent Radiation Enhanced the Response of Toripalimab in Advanced and Recurrent Liver Cancer: A Pilot Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhao X, Xuan L, Yin J, Tang Y, Sun H, Wu S, Jing H, Fang H, Song Y, Jin J, Liu Y, Chen B, Qi S, Li N, Tang Y, Lu N, Yang Y, Li Y, Sun B, Wang S. Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients With Isolated Regional Recurrence After Mastectomy: A Joint Analysis of 144 Cases From Two Institutions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhao Y, Tang Y, Liu W, Li N, Song Y, Wang S, Liu Y, Fang H, Lu N, Tang Y, Qi S, Yang Y, Chen B, LI Y, Jin J. Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography Scan Analysis of Liver Tumor Motion Treated With Abdominal Compression During Stereotactic Treatment of Liver. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sun G, Zhang J, Wang S, Tang Y, Jing H, Zhang J, Wang J, Song Y, Jin J, Fang H, Liu Y, Chen B, Tang Y, Li N, Lu N, Qi S, Yang Y, Ying J, LI Y. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Prognosis in Stage I-III Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of 258 Patients Treated Without Neoadjuvant Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen S, Sun G, Wang S, Fang H, Song Y, Jin J, Liu Y, Tang Y, Jing H, Lu N, Qi S, Chen B, Tang Y, Zhao X, Song Y, Li Y. Delay in Initiating Postmastectomy Radiotherapy is Associated With Inferior Clinical Oncologic Outcomes for High-Risk Breast Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Song Y, Sun G, Wang S, Zhang J, Fang H, Tang Y, Wang J, Song Y, Qi S, Chen B, Yang Y, Jing H, Tang Y, Jin J, Liu Y, Hu C, Lu N, Li N, LI Y. Quality of Life After Partial or Whole Breast Irradiation After Breast-Conserving Surgery for Low-Risk Breast Cancer: 1-Year Results of a Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chen B, Li Y, Wang L, Wu J, Zhai Y, Wu F, Zeng H, Rong W, Wang S, Wang J, Yang Z, Yu T, Tang Y, Li N, Fang H, Liu Y, Song Y, Lu N, Jing H. Phase II Study of Concurrent Sorafenib and Radiotherapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Portal Vein and/or Hepatic Vein Tumor Thrombosis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen S, Li N, Tang Y, Chen B, Fang H, Qi S, Lu N, Yang Y, Wang S, Song Y, Liu Y, LI Y, Jin J. Radiomics Analysis of Fat Saturated T2-Weighted MRI Sequences for Prognostic Prediction to Soft-Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremities and Trunk Treated With Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sun G, Wen G, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Jing H, Fang H, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhao X, Chen S, Song Y, Jin J, Liu Y, Tang Y, Qi S, Li N, Chen B, Lu N, Yang Y, Wang S, LI Y. Risk Factors to Identify the Indication for Regional Nodal Irradiation in T1-2N1M0 Breast Cancer: A Joint Analysis of 4243 Real-World Cases From Two Institutions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhai Y, Wen G, Wang S, Zhang Y, Yu T, Fang H, Lu N, Chen B, Tang Y, Li N, Liu Y, Yang Z, Song Y, Qi S, Li Y. Systemic Inflammation-Immune Status Score Predicts the Incidence of Radiation Induced Pneumonitis in Patients With Breast Cancer After Whole Breast Irradiation: A Result From Two Medical Centers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhao Y, Tang Y, Liu W, Li N, Song Y, Wang S, Liu Y, Fang H, Lu N, Tang Y, Qi S, Yang Y, Chen B, LI Y, Jin J. Long-Term Outcomes of Watch & Wait (W&W) after Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With Rectal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Muyasha A, Liu WY, Jin J, Li S, Tang Y, Li N, Ren H, Fang H, Lu NN, Tang Y, Chen B, Wang SL, Song YW, Liu YP, Qi SN, Li YX. [Comparison of preoperative chemotherapy with concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with TME for 305 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 2021; 43:1122-1131. [PMID: 34695905 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20200818-00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To retrospectively analyze the long-term efficacy and prognostic factors of preoperative chemotherapy (PCT) or chemoradiotherapy (PCRT) combined with total mesorectal excision in locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: Clinical pathology data of 305 patients with localized advanced rectal cancer admitted to the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2006 to 2018 were collected, of whom 246 patients received PCRT (PCRT group), 59 patients received PCT (PCT group). Kaplan-Meier and Log rank test were used for the survival analysis, Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis, and the prognosis of two groups of patients were compared by the propensity score matching (PSM). Results: In the whole group of 305 patients, 20 cases of tumors located in the upper part of the rectum and at the junction of rectum and colon, 96 cases in the middle of the rectum and 189 cases in the lower part of the rectum. PCRT group included 38 cases of cT2-3 phase, 11 cases of cT4a stage, 10 cases of cT4b stage, while the cases in PCT group were 184, 0 and 62 cases, respectively, the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). The R0 excision rates of PCRT group and PCT group were 100% (246/246) and 96.6% (57/59), respectively, and the total pathological remission rates were 13.4% and 3.3%, respectively (P<0.05). After PSM, the 3-year survival rates of PCRT group and the PCT group were 86.6% and 89.9% (P>0.05), respectively, and the progression-free survival rates were 74.6% and 77.2% (P>0.05), local recurring free survival rates were 100% and 92.3% (P>0.05), distant metastasis free survival rate were 75.6% and 77.3% (P>0.05). Pre-treatment N-positive, N-degeneration and MRF-positive were all associated with total survival (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the PCRT group, with a higher proportion of patients with stage T4b and lower rectal cancer, the long-term efficacy of PCRT was similar to that of PCT, and higher R0 excision rate and pathological complete response rate could be obtained.
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Liu F, Yu J, Zhang YX, Li F, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Huang S, Fang H, Xiao Z, Liao L, Xu J, Wu XY, Wu F. High-throughput tandem-microwell assay for ammonia repositions FDA-Approved drugs to inhibit Helicobacter pylori urease. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21967. [PMID: 34613630 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100465rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To date, little attempt has been made to develop new treatments for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), although the community is aware of the shortage of treatments for H. pylori. In this study, we developed a 192-tandem-microwell-based high-throughput assay for ammonia that is a known virulence factor of H. pylori and a product of urease. We could identify few drugs, that is, panobinostat, dacinostat, ebselen, captan, and disulfiram, to potently inhibit the activity of ureases from bacterial or plant species. These inhibitors suppress the activity of urease via substrate-competitive or covalent-allosteric mechanism, but all except captan prevent the antibiotic-resistant H. pylori strain from killing human gastric cells, with a more pronounced effect than acetohydroxamic acid, a well-known urease inhibitor and clinically used drug for the treatment of bacterial infection. This study offers several bases for the development of new treatments for urease-containing pathogens and to study the mechanism responsible for the regulation of urease activity.
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Liu Y, Zhang P, Wu Q, Fang H, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Cong M, Wang T, He Y, Ma C, Tian P, Liang Y, Qin LX, Yang Q, Yang Q, Liao L, Hu G. Author Correction: Long non-coding RNA NR2F1-AS1 induces breast cancer lung metastatic dormancy by regulating NR2F1 and ΔNp63. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5973. [PMID: 34620868 PMCID: PMC8497616 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Ren HY, Kum KY, Zhao YS, Yoo YJ, Jeong JS, Perinpanayagam H, Wang XY, Li GJ, Wang F, Fang H, Gu Y. Maxillary molar root and canal morphology of Neolithic and modern Chinese. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 131:105272. [PMID: 34600333 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize Neolithic human maxillary molars from archeological remains at the Jiaojia site, Shandong, China, and compare their ultrastructural features with sex and age-matched modern locals. DESIGN Maxillary first (n = 86) and second (n = 80) molars in 5000-year-old individuals (n = 50) from the Jiaojia site were scanned by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Sex and age-matched control groups were assigned from oral surgical patients at Shandong University. Images were analyzed for crown size, root length, root morphology, canal inter-orifice distances, mesiobuccal canal morphology, and second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal prevalence and location. Neolithic and modern values were compared statistically using Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney test at p < .05. RESULTS Crown and root size were smaller, and canal inter-orifice distances were shorter in Neolithic maxillary molars than their modern counterparts. For mesiobuccal roots, Weine's Type I single canals were the most prevalent in Neolithic and modern first and second molars. MB2 canal prevalence were not significantly different (p > .05) in Neolithic (53.3%) or modern (60.5%) first molars, and Neolithic (11.3%) or modern (21.3%) second molars. But, MB2 prevalence was significantly higher for modern than ancient male first (p = .032) and second (p = .005) molars. Additionally, MB2 were located more mesially and closer to MB1 in Neolithic than modern molars. CONCLUSIONS Maxillary molar root and canal morphology of ancient 5000-year-old remains at the Jiaojia site resemble that of local patients. A trend towards larger tooth size, and more dispersed MB2 canals over this short evolutionary period warrants additional investigation.
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Liu Y, Zhang P, Wu Q, Fang H, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Cong M, Wang T, He Y, Ma C, Tian P, Liang Y, Qin LX, Yang Q, Yang Q, Liao L, Hu G. Long non-coding RNA NR2F1-AS1 induces breast cancer lung metastatic dormancy by regulating NR2F1 and ΔNp63. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5232. [PMID: 34475402 PMCID: PMC8413371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Disseminated tumor cells often fall into a long term of dormant stage, characterized by decreased proliferation but sustained survival, in distant organs before awakening for metastatic growth. However, the regulatory mechanism of metastatic dormancy and awakening is largely unknown. Here, we show that the epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like subpopulations of breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs) demonstrate different levels of dormancy and tumorigenicity in lungs. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NR2F1-AS1 (NAS1) is up-regulated in the dormant mesenchymal-like BCSCs, and functionally promotes tumor dissemination but reduces proliferation in lungs. Mechanistically, NAS1 binds to NR2F1 mRNA and recruits the RNA-binding protein PTBP1 to promote internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated NR2F1 translation, thus leading to suppression of ΔNp63 transcription by NR2F1. Furthermore, ΔNp63 downregulatio results in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, reduced tumorigenicity and enhanced dormancy of cancer cells in lungs. Overall, the study links BCSC plasticity with metastatic dormancy, and reveals the lncRNA as an important regulator of both processes. Disseminated tumor cells often become dormant before awakening for metastatic growth. Here, the authors report that the lncRNA, NR2F1-AS1, is upregulated in dormant mesenchymal-like breast cancer stem-like cells and promotes dissemination but inhibits proliferation, leading to metastatic dormancy.
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Fang H, Hovad E, Zhang Y, Clemmensen LKH, Ersbøll BK, Juul Jensen D. Deep learning for improving non-destructive grain mapping in 3D. IUCRJ 2021; 8:719-731. [PMID: 34584734 PMCID: PMC8420763 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521005480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory X-ray diffraction contrast tomography (LabDCT) is a novel imaging technique for non-destructive 3D characterization of grain structures. An accurate grain reconstruction critically relies on precise segmentation of diffraction spots in the LabDCT images. The conventional method utilizing various filters generally satisfies segmentation of sharp spots in the images, thereby serving as a standard routine, but it also very often leads to over or under segmentation of spots, especially those with low signal-to-noise ratios and/or small sizes. The standard routine also requires a fine tuning of the filtering parameters. To overcome these challenges, a deep learning neural network is presented to efficiently and accurately clean the background noise, thereby easing the spot segmentation. The deep learning network is first trained with input images, synthesized using a forward simulation model for LabDCT in combination with a generic approach to extract features of experimental backgrounds. Then, the network is applied to remove the background noise from experimental images measured under different geometrical conditions for different samples. Comparisons of both processed images and grain reconstructions show that the deep learning method outperforms the standard routine, demonstrating significantly better grain mapping.
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Lai XZ, Peng ZB, Qin Y, Feng LZ, Li ZJ, Feng ZJ, Fang H. [Financing strategies and cost estimates of influenza vaccination for the elderly in China: explore a multi-party co-payment mechanism]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2021; 101:2029-2036. [PMID: 34275235 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210205-00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The disease burden and economic burden of seasonal influenza is substantial in China, and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought new challenges to the prevention and control of influenza. As a priority group of influenza vaccination, the elderly are at higher risk of influenza-associated severe symptoms and deaths, and they are more price-sensitive vaccine users with better cost-effectiveness of vaccination program. Therefore, a reasonable financing mechanism of influenza vaccination should be designed for the elderly to increase their vaccination rate. This study proposes three financing strategies of influenza vaccination for the elderly in China, trying to explore the distribution of vaccination costs among individuals, central government and local governments under different financing strategies, including the individual-central-local mechanism (strategy 1), the central-local mechanism (strategy 2), and the local payment mechanism (strategy 3). Strategy 1 is feasible and sustainable for most regions in the short term. Strategy 2 is conducive to further increasing the vaccine coverage rate of the elderly. Strategy 3 encourages local fiscal payments to help relieve the financial pressure of the central government. The results revealed a relatively heavy financial burden of influenza vaccination for the elderly, and it is recommended to promote the development of a multiparty co-payment mechanism gradually based on local conditions.
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