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Hou Y, Yang J, Luo C, Ou R, Song W, Gong Q, Shang H. Resting-state network connectivity in cognitively unimpaired drug-naïve patients with rigidity-dominant Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liu H, Ou R, Wei Q, Hou Y, Zhang L, Cao B, Zhao B, Song W, Shang H. Apathy in drug-naïve patients with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yuan X, Cao B, Wu Y, Chen Y, Wei Q, Ou R, Yang J, Chen X, Zhao B, Song W, Shang H. Association analysis of SNP rs11868035 in SREBF1 with Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple system atrophy in Chinese population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu H, Ou R, Wei Q, Hou Y, Zhang L, Cao B, Zhao B, Song W, Shang H. Rapid eye movement behavior disorder in drug-naïve patients with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu W, Yang J, Chen K, Wei Q, Burgunder JM, Shang H. A clinical cross-sectional study of Huntington’s Disease patients from China. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cao B, Zhang L, Zou Y, Wei Q, Ou R, Chen Y, Yang J, Wu Y, Shang H. Survival analysis and prognostic nomogram in multiple system atrophy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wu Y, Wei Q, Ou R, Liu H, Cao B, Zhang L, Yuan X, Yang J, Song W, Chen Y, Chen X, Shang H. Relationship between predominant non-motor subtypes and motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease: a cohort study from southwest of China. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang L, Cao B, Zou Y, Wei Q, Ou R, Zhao B, Yang J, Wu Y, Shang H. Impact of frontal lobe function and behavioral changes on quality of life in patients with multiple system atrophy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wu Y, Ou R, Liu H, Wei Q, Zhang L, Cao B, Song W, Yang J, Zhao B, Shang H. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and predominant non-motor symptoms subtypes in Chinese Parkinson’s disease patients: a questionnaire-based study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sun B, Zhao Y, Yu J, Ling J, Shang H, Liu Z. The Combined Efficacy of Superchilling and High CO2 Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Shelf Life and Quality of Swimming Crab (Portunus trituberculatus). JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2016.1252822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yu X, Huang Y, Guo Q, Wang Y, Ma H, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Yu X, Tan G, Ma S, Wu X, Xu M, Zhang S, Shang H, Xin S, Zhang X, Wang J, Li L, Wu S, Zhao S, Yang J, Wen H, Sun H, Xiong Y, Wang Y, He J, Liu Q, Li J, Jiang J, Xue F, Han W, Wang Z, Wang Y, Hu Y, Wang L. Clinical motivation and the surgical safety checklist. Br J Surg 2017; 104:472-479. [PMID: 28158915 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although the surgical safety checklist (SSC) has been adopted worldwide, its efficacy can be diminished by poor clinical motivation. Systematic methods for improving implementation are lacking.
Methods
A multicentre prospective study was conducted in 2015 in four academic/teaching hospitals to investigate changes during revision of the SSC for content, staffing and workflow. All modifications were based on feedback from medical staff. Questionnaires were used to monitor dynamic changes in surgeons', nurses' and anaesthetists' perceptions.
Results
Complete information was obtained from 30 654 operations in which the newly developed SSC system was used. Implementation quality was evaluated in 1852 operations before, and 1822 after the changes. The revised SSC content was simplified from 34 to 22 items. Anaesthetists achieved widespread recommendation as SSC coordinators. Completion rates of all stages reached over 80·0 per cent at all sites (compared with 10·2–59·5 per cent at the sign-out stage in the baseline survey). There was a significant change in doctors who participated (for example, surgeon: from 24·6 to 64·5 per cent at one site). The rates of hasty (15·1–33·7 per cent) or casual (0·4–4·4 per cent) checking decreased to less than 6·0 per cent overall. Perceptions about the SSC were studied from 2211 forms. They improved, with a converging trend among the three different professions, to a uniform 80·0 per cent agreeing on the need for its regular use.
Conclusion
Medical staff members are both the users and owners of the SSC. High-quality SSC implementation can be achieved by clinically motivated adaptation.
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Wang JH, Zhou WW, Liu BX, Man DL, Yang ZD, Liu FR, Shang H. Expression and significance of miR-21 in multiple myeloma patients. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2016; 15:gmr6892. [PMID: 26909911 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15016892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to examine the expression level of peripheral mir-21 in multiple myeloma (MM) patients and to determine its clinical significance. MM patients (30), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) patients (14), and normal controls (20) were recruited to determine the serum level of β2-MG, IgA and IgM, IgG, λ, κ, TP, ALB, Hb, LDH, and Ca(2+). Gene expression of mir-21 was quantified by SYBR green real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. We found that the expression level of serum mir-21 in the MM group was significantly higher than the MGUS group and the NC group (P < 0.01). According to the ISS installment, the level of mir-21, lgG, κ, and ALB in the MM group in stage I differed from that in stages II and III. The level of IgA, β2-MG in stage III was higher as compared with stage I and II (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01).The levels of mir-21, κ, (κ+λ), IgG, (IgG + IgA + IgM), and β2-MG in MM patients were positively correlated with ALB (P < 0.01). Based on the results, miR-21 plays an important role as an oncogene. Mir-21 may be important in the occurrence, development, and disease prognosis of MM.
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Wang K, Yang Y, Wang L, Ma T, Shang H, Ding L, Han J, Qiu Q. Different gene expressions between cattle and yak provide insights into high-altitude adaptation. Anim Genet 2015; 47:28-35. [PMID: 26538003 DOI: 10.1111/age.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA sequence variation has been widely reported as the genetic basis for adaptation, in both humans and other animals, to the hypoxic environment experienced at high altitudes. However, little is known about the patterns of gene expression underlying such hypoxic adaptations. In this study, we examined the differences in the transcriptomes of four organs (heart, kidney, liver and lung) between yak and cattle, a pair of closely related species distributed at high and low altitudes respectively. Of the four organs examined, heart shows the greatest differentiation between the two species in terms of gene expression profiles. Detailed analyses demonstrated that some genes associated with the oxygen supply system and the defense systems that respond to threats of hypoxia are differentially expressed. In addition, genes with significantly differentiated patterns of expression in all organs exhibited an unexpected uniformity of regulation along with an elevated frequency of nonsynonymous substitutions. This co-evolution of protein sequences and gene expression patterns is likely to be correlated with the optimization of the yak metabolic system to resist hypoxia.
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Tang W, Xu J, Zou H, Mahapatra T, Hu Q, Fu G, Wang Z, Lu L, Zhuang M, Chen X, Fu J, Yu Y, Lu J, Jiang Y, Geng W, Han X, Shang H. P16.10 Worsen epidemic of early hiv infection among men who have sex with men in china: implication for real time action. Sex Transm Infect 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Shang H, Meng W, Sloboda DM, Li S, Ehrlich L, Plagemann A, Dudenhausen JW, Henrich W, Newnham JP, Challis JRG, Braun T. Effects of maternal dexamethasone treatment early in pregnancy on glucocorticoid receptors in the ovine placenta. Reprod Sci 2014; 22:534-44. [PMID: 25332218 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114553452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of endogenous cortisol on binucleate cells (BNCs), which promote fetal growth, may be mediated by glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), and exposure to dexamethasone (DEX) in early pregnancy stages of placental development might modify this response. In this article, we have investigated the expression of GR as a determinant of these responses. Pregnant ewes carrying singleton fetuses (n = 119) were randomized to control (2 mL saline/ewe) or DEX-treated groups (intramuscular injections of 0.14 mg/kg ewe weight per 12 hours) at 40 to 41 days of gestation (dG). Placental tissue was collected at 50, 100, 125, and 140 dG. Total glucocorticoid receptor protein (GRt) was increased significantly by DEX at 50 and 125 dG in females only, but decreased in males at 125 dG as compared to controls. Glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) protein was not changed after DEX treatment. Three BNC phenotypes were detected regarding GRα expression (++, +-, --), DEX increased the proportion of (++) and decreased (--) BNC at 140 dG. Effects were sex- and cell type dependent, modifying the responsiveness of the placenta to endogenous cortisol. We speculate that 3 maturational stages of BNCs exist and that the overall activity of BNCs is determined by the distribution of these 3 cell types, which may become altered through early pregnancy exposure to elevated glucocorticoids.
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Cui F, Liu M, Chen Y, Huang X, Cui L, Fan D, Pu C, Lu J, Zhou D, Zhang C, Yan C, Li C, Ding X, Liu Y, Li X, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Shang H, Yao X, Ding Y, Niu Q, Wang L. Epidemiological characteristics of motor neuron disease in Chinese patients. Acta Neurol Scand 2014; 130:111-7. [PMID: 24689740 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of motor neuron disease (MND) in Chinese patients are ill known. METHODS A registered study of 461 MND patients was conducted across 10 facilities in 7 Chinese cities from February 2009 to March 2010. RESULTS Patients were classified as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (84.4%), progressive bulbar palsy (PBP) (4.1%), progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) (10.4%), or primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) (0.9%). MND was predominant in men (men/women; 1.6:1.0). Mean onset age was 52.6 years, with the highest incidence being observed between 51 and 60 years. Notably, 26.0% of MND patients were employed in forestry, fishery, or animal husbandry industries. Ten cases (2.7%) reported family history of MND, and 54.2% exhibited cervical onset. MND was also associated with head/neck trauma. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation was the most common supportive therapy. CONCLUSION As a novel comprehensive report of a Chinese population, this study reveals that epidemiological characteristics of MND patients were similar to those observed in international populations. MND is age-related, male gender predominant, and may be associated with both environmental and genetic risk factors.
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Shang H, Yang D, Zhang W, Li T, Ren X, Wang X, Zhao W. Time course of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway expression after experimental intracerebral haemorrhage: correlation with brain oedema and neurological deficit. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:368-75. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.778403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Sun C, Jiang Y, Sun L, Shang H, Zhao Y. The characteristics of Th1/Th2 cytokine receptors on monocytes in untreated patients of long term nonprogressor or chronic HIV infection. Curr Mol Med 2013; 12:1028-39. [PMID: 22804245 DOI: 10.2174/156652412802480862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages play crucial roles in immunity to microorganisms and are one of the important targets for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The phenotypes and function of monocytes in HIV-infected patients were poorly determined. We herein detected the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokine receptors on monocyte subsets in the untreated HIV-infected patients of either long term nonprogressor (LTNP) or chronic infection (CHI). CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes were significantly increased and CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes were reduced in patients of LTNP or CHI compared with healthy control. IL-6R expression on CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes were decreased in patients of LTNP or CHI, whereas IL-4R and IL-10R expression on both CD14(+)CD16(-) and CD14(+)CD16(+) monocyte subsets were increased in patients with LTNP or CHI, as determined by flow cytometry and real time PCR assays. The decreased IL-6R expression and enhanced IL-4R and IL-10R expression were also observed on CD4(+) T cells of these patients, indicating that these changes in monocytes are not cell-specific. CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes of HIV-infected patients produced less TNF-α and IL-1β but identical levels of IL-6, and IL-12 as the control after IFN-γ/LPS stimulation. However, in the presence of IL-4 or IL10, CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes of HIV-infected patients produced more TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12 or Il-1β after IFN-γ/LPS stimulation than the healthy control, supporting the impaired IL-4R and IL-10R signal pathways in patients with LTNP and CHI. Therefore, our present study offered the basic information for the Th1/Th2 cytokine receptor expression and function on monocyte subsets in untreated HIV-infected individuals.
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Shang H, Wang W. Hypervelocity impact properties of graphene armor via molecular dynamics simulations. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20122604027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kapur SK, Wang X, Shang H, Yun S, Li X, Feng G, Khurgel M, Katz AJ. Human adipose stem cells maintain proliferative, synthetic and multipotential properties when suspension cultured as self-assembling spheroids. Biofabrication 2012; 4:025004. [PMID: 22522924 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/4/2/025004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have been gaining recognition as an extremely versatile cell source for tissue engineering. The usefulness of ASCs in biofabrication is further enhanced by our demonstration of the unique properties of these cells when they are cultured as three-dimensional cellular aggregates or spheroids. As described herein, three-dimensional formulations, or self-assembling ASC spheroids develop their own extracellular matrix that serves to increase the robustness of the cells to mechanical stresses. The composition of the extracellular matrix can be altered based on the external environment of the spheroids and these constructs can be grown in a reproducible manner and to a consistent size. The spheroid formulation helps preserve the viability and developmental plasticity of ASCs even under defined, serum-free media conditions. For the first time, we show that multiple generations of adherent ASCs produced from these spheroids retain their ability to differentiate into multiple cell/tissue types. These demonstrated properties support the idea that culture-expanded ASCs are an excellent candidate cellular material for 'organ printing'-the approach of developing complex tissue structures from a standardized cell 'ink' or cell formulation.
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Shang H. 2.3.2 HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE IN CHINA. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Shang H. 3.9.3 HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE AND NEUROACANTHOCYTOSIS SYNDROMES. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Feng H, Zhu XT, Qi ZM, Wang QH, Wang GG, Pan YY, Li Y, Zheng L, Jiang YJ, Shang H, Cui L, Cao YM. Transient Attenuated Foxp3 Expression on CD4+ T cells Treated with 7D4 mAb Contributes to the Control of Parasite Burden in DBA / 2 Mice Infected with Lethal Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS. Scand J Immunol 2011; 75:46-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhou LP, Luan H, Dong XH, Jin GJ, Man DL, Shang H. Vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:3674-88. [PMID: 22058001 DOI: 10.4238/2011.october.31.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell-specific mitogen involved in a number of pathologic processes, including angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. Polymorphisms of the VEGF gene have been associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the specific association still remains controversial. We made a meta-analysis of the association between VEGF gene polymorphisms and CRC risk. Only eight case-control studies were retrieved, with a total of 2337 CRC patients and 2032 healthy controls. Six VEGF gene polymorphisms were addressed in all studies included, +936C>T (rs3025039), -2578C>A (rs699947), -1154G>A (rs1570360), -634G>C (rs2010963), -460C>T (rs833061), and +405C>G (rs2010963). There was a significant association between -2578C>A polymorphism and susceptibility to CRC in the comparison of C allele carriers (CC + CA) versus AA (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval = 0.62-0.96, P = 0.02). No association was found between +936C>T, -1154G>A, -634G>C, -460C>T, and +405C>G with susceptibility to CRC. We conclude that the C allele carrier (CC + CA) of VEGF -2578C>A polymorphism appears to be a protective factor for CRC.
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Yun K, Xu JJ, Reilly KH, Zhang J, Jiang YJ, Wang N, Shang H. Prevalence of bisexual behaviour among bridge population of men who have sex with men in China: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Sex Transm Infect 2011; 87:563-70. [PMID: 21954278 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To integrate the empirical estimates of bisexual behaviour among the bridge population of men who have sex with men (MSM) in China and their HIV and syphilis prevalences stratified by sexual behaviour. METHODS The Pubmed, Chinese Biomedical, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang and Google Scholar databases were searched to January 2011 to identify relevant articles. Data of eligible citations were extracted by two reviewers. All analyses were performed using Stata 10.0. RESULTS Forty-nine articles (including 28 739 MSM subjects) met the selection criteria. Aggregated findings indicated that the estimated prevalence of bisexual behaviour among MSM in China is 31.2% (95% CI 28.1% to 34.5%). HIV and syphilis prevalences were 5.4% and 11.4%, respectively, among MSM engaging in bisexual behaviour and 3.8% and 9.3% among MSM only having sex with men. HIV prevalence among MSM engaging in sex with both men and women was significantly higher than in those who only have sex with men (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.62; p=0.02). CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of bisexual behaviour among MSM in China and bisexual behaviour is significantly associated with increased HIV infection risk. The results of this meta-analysis highlight a critical pattern of HIV transmission among MSM in China and indicate that targeted interventions aimed at encouraging safe sex practices and promoting societal and family acceptance of MSM are urgently needed.
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