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Wan H, Wu J, Sun P, Yang Y. Investigation of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase polymorphism affecting hematopoietic, hepatic and renal toxicity from lead in Han subjects of southwestern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 101:59-66. [DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.101.2014.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gao H, Jie YF, Wang ZQ, Wan H, Gong L, Lu RC, Xue YK, Li D, Wang HY, Hao LN, Zhang YZ. Bioactive tantalum metal prepared by micro-arc oxidation and NaOH treatment. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1216-1224. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21521k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhou M, Wan H, Wang R, Song X, Su C, Gu M, Sun J. Formal component-based modeling and synthesis for PLC systems. COMPUT IND 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compind.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Brown L, Waseem A, Cruz IN, Szary J, Gunic E, Mannan T, Unadkat M, Yang M, Valderrama F, O'Toole EA, Wan H. Desmoglein 3 promotes cancer cell migration and invasion by regulating activator protein 1 and protein kinase C-dependent-Ezrin activation. Oncogene 2013; 33:2363-74. [PMID: 23752190 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), the pemphigus vulgaris antigen, has recently been shown to be upregulated in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and has been identified as a good tumor-specific marker for clinical staging of cervical sentinel lymph nodes in head and neck SCC. However, little is known about its biological function in cancer. The actin-binding protein Ezrin and the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor are implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we report that Dsg3 regulates the activity of c-Jun/AP-1 as well as protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation of Ezrin-Thr567, which contributes to the accelerated motility of cancer cells. Ectopic expression of Dsg3 in cancer cell lines caused enhanced phosphorylation at Ezrin-Thr567 with concomitant augmented membrane protrusions, cell spreading and invasive phenotype. We showed that Dsg3 formed a complex with Ezrin at the plasma membrane that was required for its proper function of interacting with F-actin and CD44 as Dsg3 knockdown impaired these associations. The increased Ezrin phosphorylation in Dsg3-overexpressing cells could be abrogated substantially by various pharmacological inhibitors for Ser/Thr kinases, including PKC and Rho kinase that are known to activate Ezrin. Furthermore, a marked increase in c-Jun S63 phosphorylation, among others, was found in Dsg3-overexpressing cells and the activation of c-Jun/AP-1 was further supported by a luciferase reporter assay. Taken together, our study identifies a novel Dsg3-mediated c-Jun/AP-1 regulatory mechanism and PKC-dependent Ezrin phosphorylation that could be responsible for Dsg3-associated cancer metastasis.
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Ni Y, Shi G, Wan H. Use of Cardioselective ß-Blockers in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Blinded Trials. J Int Med Res 2012; 40:2051-65. [PMID: 23321161 DOI: 10.1177/030006051204000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the effect of cardioselective b-blockers on pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: The Embase and MEDLINE™ databases and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched comprehensively to identify all relevant clinical trials in humans published between January 1966 and May 2011. Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trials that studied the effects of cardioselective ß-blockers on the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and the responsiveness of the FEV1 to ß-agonist administration in patients with COPD were included in the analysis. Results: Five studies were identified: four of these assessed both cardioselective and nonselective ß-blockers; one assessed only cardioselective ß-blockers. The FEV1 was shown to decrease by 0.14 l with nonselective ß-blockers and by 0.03 l with cardioselective ß-blockers. The responsive -ness of the FEV1 to ß-agonist administration decreased significantly by 13.42% after nonselective ß-blockers, but did not change significantly after cardioselective -blocker administration. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that the use of β-blockers, especially cardioselective β-blockers, should not be contraindicated in patients with COPD.
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Dong X, Wu P, Xing L, Fu Z, Wan H, Yin Y, Sun X, Yu J. Impact of Intratumor 18 F-FDG Uptake Heterogeneity on Different Target Delineation Methods by PET and CT for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wu P, Dong X, Xing L, Wan H, Fu Z, Yin Y, Sun X, Yu J. Tumor 18 F-FDG Heterogeneity Assessed by PET Image Texture Analysis and Its Impact on Target Delineation for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wan H, Ge J, Parikh P. TU-C-213CD-03: Fiducial Marker Motion Tracking Using Dynamic Programming. Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ni Y, Shi G, Wan H, Shen J, Jiang X, Yuan F. Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma: case report and review of the literature. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2012; 39:249-251. [PMID: 22905478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of a middle-aged woman who was admitted to the hospital for abdominal pain and was found to have multiple nodules on her CT scan. After CT-guided biopsy, we finally diagnosed PBML case. The patient had a very effective response to bilateral oophorectomy and hysterectomy. A brief review of the literature for PBML is also included.
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Wan H, Loch Macdonald R. Circulatory and vascular changes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg Sci 2011; 55:329-341. [PMID: 22198585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major complication that afflicts approximately 30% of patients who suffer an aneursymal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). DCI is often associated with neurological infarction, poor outcome and mortality. Though the pathogenesis of DCI is not yet clear, it is traditionally been attributed to angiographic vasospasm. Unfortunately, clinical trials based on this premise have mostly been disappointing, predominantly unable to prevent ischemic damage and improve patient outcome despite reducing angiographic vasospasm. More recently, increasing concern that vasospasm could not fully account for DCI development has incited novel proposals as to the pathogenesis of DCI. A general theme exists among these theories (microcirculatory constriction, cortical spreading depression, blood brain barrier breakdown, microthrombosis) in that a majority seems to revolve around dysfunction and changes to the microvasculature. This purpose of this review was then to juxtapose macrovascular and microvascular changes after SAH, and provide an overview of current and prospective treatments.
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Mannan T, Jing S, Foroushania SH, Fortune F, Wan H. RNAi-mediated inhibition of the desmosomal cadherin (desmoglein 3) impairs epithelial cell proliferation. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:301-10. [PMID: 21702856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) is a desmosomal adhesion protein expressed in basal and immediate suprabasal layers of skin. Importance of Dsg3 in cell-cell adhesion and maintenance of tissue integrity is illustrated by findings of keratinocyte dissociation in the autoimmune disease, pemphigus vulgaris, where autoantibodies target Dsg3 on keratinocyte surfaces and cause Dsg3 depletion from desmosomes. However, recognition of possible participation of involvement of Dsg3 in cell proliferation remains controversial. Currently, available evidence suggests that Dsg3 may have both anti- and pro-proliferative roles in keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to use RNA interference (RNAi) strategy to investigate effects of silencing Dsg3 in cell-cell adhesion and cell proliferation in two cell lines, HaCaT and MDCK. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were transfected with siRNA, and knockdown of Dsg3 was assessed by western blotting, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and confocal microscopy. Cell-cell adhesion was analysed using the hanging drop/fragmentation assay, and cell proliferation by colony forming efficiency, BrdU incorporation, cell counts and organotypic culture. RESULTS Silencing Dsg3 caused defects in cell-cell adhesion and concomitant reduction in cell proliferation in both HaCaT and MDCK cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Dsg3 depletion by RNAi reduces cell proliferation, which is likely to be secondary to a defect in cell-cell adhesion, an essential function required for cell differentiation and morphogenesis.
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Vanhecke D, Wan H, Roumenina L, Schaller M, Osthoff M, Trendelenburg M. Identification of epitopes on the collagen-like region of C1q recognized by serum antibodies from patients with lupus erythematosus. Mol Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.06.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang YG, Li XB, Zhang J, Huang J, He C, Tian C, Deng Y, Wan H, Shrestha D, Yang YY, Fan H. The I/D polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and asthma risk: a meta-analysis. Allergy 2011; 66:197-205. [PMID: 20880211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been implicated in susceptibility to asthma, but a large number of studies have reported inconclusive results. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the I/D polymorphism of ACE gene and asthma risk by meta-analysis. METHODS We searched Medline (Ovid), Pubmed, CNKI, Wanfang, and Weipu database, covering all papers until March 12, 2010. Statistical analysis was performed by using the software revman 4.2 (The Cochrane Collaboration, http://www.cochrane.org) and stata 10.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA, http://www.stata.com). RESULTS A total of 1946 cases and 2152 controls in 18 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that the DD homozygote carriers had a 59% increased risk of asthma, when compared with the homozygotes II and heterozygote DI [odds ratio (OR)=1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-2.18]. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significant elevated risks were associated with DD homozygote carriers in Asians (OR=2.02 and 95% CI: 1.29-3.16 for DD vs DI+II) but not in Caucasians (OR=1.14 and 95% CI: 0.76-1.72 for DD vs DI+II). In the subgroup analysis by age, significant elevated risks were associated with DD homozygote carriers in children (OR=2.44 and 95% CI: 1.36-4.38 for DD vs II+DI) but not in adults (OR=1.54 and 95% CI: 0.94-2.51 for DD vs II+DI). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested that the I/D polymorphism of ACE gene would be a risk factor of asthma. To further evaluate gene-to-gene and gene-to-environment interactions between polymorphisms of ACE gene and asthma risk, more studies with large groups of patients are required.
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Rockstroh J, Eron J, Cooper D, Steigbigel R, Nguyen BY, Xu X, Wan H, Rodgers A, Miller M, Leavitt R, Sklar P, Teppler H. Analysis of BENCHMRK 1 & 2 using PhenoSense® assay for darunavir (DRV/r) resistance and exploration of functional monotherapy with RAL vs DRV. J Int AIDS Soc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3112906 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-s4-p130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Zhang H, Wan H, Song L, Jiang H, Wang H, Qiao C. Development of an autofluorescent Pseudomonas nitroreducens with dehydrochlorinase activity for efficient mineralization of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH). J Biotechnol 2010; 146:114-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhou F, Gong H, Jiang J, Zee CS, Wan H. Parachordoma of skull. J Neuroradiol 2010; 37:247-8. [PMID: 20303594 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Huang Y, Sato A, Wood B, Gill D, Kochar N, Tarragona T, Sambor A, Wan H, Levine G, Self S, Koup R, Cox J, Bailer R, Gilmour J. P16-19. Statistical design and analysis of the CAVD-VIMC Elispot transfer study 001. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767746 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Wang T, Ma A, Zhou X, Gui J, Wan H, Shi R, Huang C, Grace AA, Huang CLH, Trump D, Zhang H, Zimmer T, Lei M. Correlations between clinical and physiological consequences of the novel mutation R878C in a highly conserved pore residue in the cardiac Na+ channel. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2008; 194:311-23. [PMID: 18616619 PMCID: PMC2659387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim: We compared the clinical and physiological consequences of the novel mutation R878C in a highly conserved pore residue in domain II (S5-S6) of human, hNav1.5, cardiac Na+ channels. Methods: Full clinical evaluation of pedigree members through three generations of a Chinese family combined with SCN5A sequencing from genomic DNA was compared with patch and voltage-clamp results from two independent expression systems. Results: The four mutation carriers showed bradycardia, and slowed sino-atrial, atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction. Two also showed sick sinus syndrome; two had ST elevation in leads V1 and V2. Unlike WT-hNav1.5, whole-cell patch-clamped HEK293 cells expressing R878C-hNav1.5 showed no detectable Na+ currents (iNa), even with substitution of a similarly charged lysine residue. Voltage-clamped Xenopus oocytes injected with either 0.04 or 1.5 μg μL−1 R878C-hNav1.5 cRNA similarly showed no iNa, yet WT-hNav1.5 cRNA diluted to 0.0004–0.0008 ng μL−1resulted in expression of detectable iNa. iNa was simply determined by the amount of injected WT-hNav1.5: doubling the dose of WT-hNav1.5 cRNA doubled iNa. iNa amplitudes and activation and inactivation characteristics were similar irrespective of whether WT-hNav1.5 cRNA was given alone or combined with equal doses of R878C-hNav1.5 cRNA therefore excluding dominant negative phenotypic effects. Na+ channel function in HEK293 cells transfected with R878C-hNav1.5 was not restored by exposure to mexiletine (200 μm) and lidocaine (100 μm). Fluorescence confocal microscopy using E3-Nav1.5 antibody demonstrated persistent membrane expression of both WT and R878C-hNav1.5. Modelling studies confirmed that such iNa reductions reproduced the SSS phenotype. Conclusion: Clinical consequences of the novel R878C mutation correlate with results of physiological studies.
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Wan H, Versnel MA, Leijten LME, van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Fekkes D, Leenen PJM, Khan NA, Benner R, Kiekens RCM. Chorionic gonadotropin induces dendritic cells to express a tolerogenic phenotype. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 83:894-901. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0407258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Teppler H, Rockstroh J, Isaacs R, Wan H, Hervey C, Miller M, Nguyen BY. Raltegravir clinical efficacy against B subtype and non-B subtype HIV-1 is similar. J Int AIDS Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-11-s1-p207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Cahusac PMB, Wan H. Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors reduce excitatory but not inhibitory neurotransmission in rat barrel cortex in vivo. Neuroscience 2007; 146:202-12. [PMID: 17346894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Group II metabotropic (mGlu) receptors are known to play an important role in regulating the release of excitatory transmitter in a number of brain areas. Previous experiments demonstrated that (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (1S,3R-ACPD) depressed excitatory transmission in the adult rat barrel cortex. Here we show, using in vivo extracellular single unit recordings and iontophoretic application of drugs, that selective activation of Group II mGlu receptors depresses excitatory but not inhibitory transmission. The selective Group II receptor agonist (2R,4R)-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (2R,4R-APDC) had similar depressant effects to 1S,3R-ACPD on tactile evoked responses of rapidly adapting neurons. The depressant effects were seen on shorter latency (<12 ms) responses, were most pronounced in layers 3-4 (and 5b for 2R,4R-APDC only), and were reversibly antagonized by the Group II receptor antagonist (2S)-alpha-ethylglutamic acid (EGLU) relative to depressions produced by iontophoretic GABA. Where 1S,3R-ACPD and 2R,4R-APDC depressed excitatory transmission, there was little or no effect on postsynaptic excitations produced by iontophoretic AMPA--a result that supports a presynaptic location of Group II receptors on excitatory terminals. To assess the possible involvement of Group II mGlu receptors in the modulation of inhibition, we studied the effect of iontophoretic 1S,3R-ACPD in a condition-test protocol. The results contrasted markedly from those previously observed using the Group III agonist L(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid in that activation of Group II receptors using 1S,3R-ACPD did not modulate inhibition. Therefore our results show that Group II mGlu receptors play an important role in modulating excitatory, but not inhibitory, transmission. We propose that the Group II mGlu receptors are located on excitatory terminals, and act as autoreceptors. Their role appears to be important in the early stages of cortical processing, by keeping excitatory inputs within specified physiological limits, and possibly by mediating depression evidenced during synaptic plasticity.
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Liao M, Zhu Y, Li L, Wan H, Yu S, Hall BJ, Wang L. Multicenter, randomized trial comparing a combined gemcitabine and cisplatin 3-week regimen with a 4-week regimen in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.17062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
17062 Background: This multicenter, randomized Phase II study (B9E-GH-JHSE) was aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of a gemcitabine-cisplatin combination over a 3-week schedule versus a 4-week schedule as first line treatment for Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: Patients (pts) with pathologically or histologically confirmed stage IIIB/IV NSCLC not amenable to curative surgery, and presenting at least one measurable lesion were eligible for this study. Pts were randomized to receive cisplatin (cis) 75 mg/m2 on Day 1 plus either gemcitabine (gem) 1250 mg/m2 on Day 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle (3-week arm) or gem 1000 mg/m2 on Day 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle (4-week arm). Patients received up to 6 cycles of treatment during this study. The primary endpoint was WHO objective response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints included time to progression (TTP), CTC toxicity, and overall survival. Results: Of the 100 pts who were randomized to treatment, there were 51 pts in the 3-week arm: 14 females; mean age 59±8 yrs; 37% stage IIIB, 63% stage IV. In the 4-week arm, there were 49 pts: 24 females; mean age 56 ± 13 yrs; 33% stage IIIB, 67% stage IV. In the 3-week arm the overall response rate (complete response or partial response) was 24%, compared to 27% in the 4-week arm (Odds ratio: 1.17, 95% CI 0.47– 2.9, p = .819). There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment arms in median overall survival time (3-week: 12.1 mths, 4-week: 13.8 mths; Hazard ratio (HR): 1.19, 95% CI 0.68–2.1, p = .54) and TTP (3-week: 4.9 mths, 4-week: 6.9 mths; HR: 1.33, 95% CI 0.85–2.1, p = .21). The difference in grade 3/4 hematological toxicities did not reach statistical significance (3-week: 37%, 4-week: 57%, p = .07), while grade 3/4 non-hematological toxicities were statistically significantly reduced in the 3-week arm (33% vs. 63%, p = .005). Grade 3/4 study drug related neutropenia (3-week: 27%, 4-week: 51%, p = .02) and thrombocytopenia (3-week: 8%, 4-week: 31%, p = .005) were reduced in the 3-week arm. Conclusions: While all efficacy endpoints were numerically superior in the 4-week arm, the difference was not statistically significant. However, grade 3/4 toxicities were reduced in the 3-week arm. [Table: see text]
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Loomans CJM, Wan H, de Crom R, van Haperen R, de Boer HC, Leenen PJM, Drexhage HA, Rabelink TJ, van Zonneveld AJ, Staal FJT. Angiogenic murine endothelial progenitor cells are derived from a myeloid bone marrow fraction and can be identified by endothelial NO synthase expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:1760-7. [PMID: 16728651 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000229243.49320.c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to postnatal neovascularization and are therefore of great interest for autologous cell therapies to treat ischemic vascular disease. However, the origin and functional properties of these EPCs are still in debate. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, ex vivo expanded murine EPCs were characterized in terms of phenotype, lineage potential, differentiation from bone marrow (BM) precursors, and their functional properties using endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice. Despite high phenotypic overlap with macrophages and dendritic cells, EPCs displayed unique eNOS expression, endothelial lineage potential in colony assays, and angiogenic characteristics, but also immunologic properties such as interleukin-12p70 production and low levels of T-cell stimulation. The majority of EPCs developed from an immature, CD31(+)Ly6C+ myeloid progenitor fraction in the BM. Addition of myeloid growth factors such as macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte/macrophage (GM)-CSF stimulated the expansion of spleen-derived EPCs but not BM-derived EPCs. CONCLUSIONS The close relationship between EPCs and other myeloid lineages may add to the complexity of using them in cell therapy. Our mouse model could be a highly useful tool to characterize EPCs functionally and phenotypically, to explore the origin and optimize the isolation of EPC fractions for therapeutic neovascularization.
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Qi H, Cooper PA, Wan H. Effect of carbon dioxide injection on production of wood cement composites from waste medium density fiberboard (MDF). WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2006; 26:509-15. [PMID: 16046114 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2004] [Revised: 02/23/2005] [Accepted: 04/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of recycling waste medium density fiberboard (MDF) into wood-cement composites was evaluated. Both new fibers and recycled steam exploded MDF fibers had poor compatibility with cement if no treatment was applied, due to interference of the hydration process by the water soluble components of the fiber. However, this issue was resolved when a rapid hardening process with carbon dioxide injection was adopted. It appears that the rapid carbonation allowed the board to develop considerable strength before the adverse effects of the wood extractives could take effect. After 3-5 min of carbon dioxide injection, the composites reached 22-27% of total carbonation and developed 50-70% of their final (28-day) strength. Composites containing recycled MDF fibers had slightly lower splitting tensile strength and lower tensile toughness properties than those containing new fibers especially at a high fiber/cement ratio. Composites containing recycled MDF fibers also showed lower values of water absorption. Unlike composites cured conventionally, composites cured under CO(2) injection developed higher strength and toughness with increased fiber content. Incorporation of recycled MDF fibers into wood cement composites with CO(2) injection during the production stage presents a viable option for recycling of this difficult to manage waste material.
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Chen Q, Li XL, Liu Q, Jiao QC, Cao WG, Wan H. Investigating the binding interaction of azur A with hyaluronic acid via spectrophotometry and its analytical application. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1513-9. [PMID: 15952000 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2005] [Revised: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 05/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between azur A (AA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) at AA concentrations from 3.430 x 10(-5) to 8.575 x 10(-5) M and sodium chloride concentrations from 0 to 0.01 M was investigated spectrophotometrically at 620 nm at temperatures from 0 to 50 degrees C. AA was shown to be a useful spectroscopic probe for detecting carboxyl groups in HA macromolecules. The interaction between AA and HA was temperature sensitive and little AA-HA interaction was observed at temperatures higher than 30 degrees C. The interaction of HA with AA was seen to be electrostatic in nature. The maximum binding number decreased with decreasing NaCl concentration, and the absorbance sensitivity decreased with increasing NaCl concentration in aqueous solution. Self-interference from the AA in the AA-HA interaction caused an overestimate of the molar mass of hyaluronic acid. An improved method was proposed to estimate the molar mass of HA, and a molar mass of 1.219 x 10(6) Da was obtained with this improved method for HA.
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Wan H, Warburton EC, Zhu XO, Koder TJ, Park Y, Aggleton JP, Cho K, Bashir ZI, Brown MW. Benzodiazepine impairment of perirhinal cortical plasticity and recognition memory. Eur J Neurosci 2004; 20:2214-24. [PMID: 15450101 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines, including lorazepam, are widely used in human medicine as anxiolytics or sedatives, and at higher doses can produce amnesia. Here we demonstrate that in rats lorazepam impairs both recognition memory and synaptic plastic processes (long-term depression and long-term potentiation). Both impairments are produced by actions in perirhinal cortex. The findings thus establish a mechanism by means of which benzodiazepines impair recognition memory. The findings also strengthen the hypotheses that the familiarity discrimination component of recognition memory is dependent on reductions in perirhinal neuronal responses when stimuli are repeated and that these response reductions are due to a plastic mechanism also used in long-term depression.
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Wan H, Dopping-Hepenstal PJC, Gratian MJ, Stone MG, Zhu G, Purkis PE, South AP, Keane F, Armstrong DKB, Buxton RS, McGrath JA, Eady RAJ. Striate palmoplantar keratoderma arising from desmoplakin and desmoglein 1 mutations is associated with contrasting perturbations of desmosomes and the keratin filament network. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150:878-91. [PMID: 15149499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several hereditary human diseases are now known to be caused by distinct mutations in genes encoding various desmosome components. Although the effects of some of these mutant genes have been analysed by targeted disruption experiments in mouse models, little is known about the cell and tissue changes in affected human patients. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of heterozygous nonsense mutations in desmoplakin (Dp) and desmoglein (Dsg) 1 which cause the autosomal dominant disorder striate palmoplantar keratoderma (SPPK), focusing on changes in desmosome structure and composition and the associated keratin intermediate filament (KIF) network in palm skin, and in cultured keratinocytes generated from the same site. METHODS We analysed palm and nonpalm skin sections from four SPPK patients with Dp mutations and one patient with a Dsg1 mutation with respect to tissue and subcellular morphologies, and correlated the in vivo and in vitro findings. RESULTS Using electron microscopy, we found abnormalities of desmosomes and cell-cell adhesion in the suprabasal layers in the epidermis from patients with both Dsg1- and Dp-associated SPPK. These changes were more advanced in skin from patients with Dp mutations. Both Dp and Dsg1 mutations were accompanied by significantly reduced numbers of desmosomes in the suprabasal layers, while decreased desmosome size was evident only in Dsg1-associated SPPK. Confocal microscopy analysis showed marked differences in the expression of keratins and of desmosome components, both between the two types of SPPK, and between SPPK and normal skin. The expression of keratins K5, K14 and K10 was reduced in Dsg1-associated SPPK skin, whereas perinuclear aggregation of keratin filaments was more evident in Dp-associated SPPK. In both types of SPPK upregulation of K16 was pronounced and involucrin labelling was abnormal. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in Dp and Dsg1 genes causing SPPK may be associated with perturbations in epidermal differentiation accompanied by a marked disruption of several components of the epidermal scaffold including desmosomes and the KIF network.
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Abstract
The coupling of the GFP reporter system with the optical clarity of embryogenesis in model fish such as zebrafish and medaka is beginning to change the picture of transgenic fish study. Since the advent of first GFP transgenic fish in 1995, GFP transgenic fish technology have been quickly employed in many areas such as analyses of gene expression patterns and tissue/organ development, dissection of promoters/enhancers, cell lineage and axonal pathfinding, cellular localization of protein products, chimeric embryo and nuclear transplantation, cell sorting, etc. The GFP transgenic fish also have the potentials in analysis of upstream regulatory factors, mutagenesis screening and characterization, and promoter/enhancer trap. Our own studies indicate that GFP transgenic fish may become a new source of novel variety of ornamental fish. Efforts are also being made in our laboratory to turn GFP transgenic fish into biomonitoring organisms for surveillance of environmental pollution.
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79
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Wan H, Zeng X, Yu J, Wen M, Cheng S. [Red-cell immune functions, T subsets and B-cell detection and their clinical significances in patients with primary lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2001; 4:351-3. [PMID: 21059315 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2001.05.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the relation between red-cell immune status and distribution of T subsets and B-cell and their clinical significances in patients with primary lung cancer . METHODS The red-cell immune functions and distribution of T subsets and B-cell in the peripheral blood were detected in 60 patients with primary lung cancer and 40 normal adults as control by Guo-Feng's methods and indirect immunofluorescence technique respectively. The detection of red-cell immune funtions included the rossett rate of red-cell immune adherence activity of C3b receptors ( RBC-C3bRR) and that of red-cell immune complex ( RBC-ICR) and that of direct erythrocyte-cancer cell immune adherence ( RBC-CaR) . RESULTS The RBC-C3bRR and RBC-CaR in the patients with primary lung cancer were significantly lower than those in the controls ( P < 0. 01) , and the CD3+ and CD4+ and CD20+ scores and CD4+ / CD8+ ratio were significantly lower in the patients than those in the controls ( P < 0. 01 or 0. 05) , but the RBC-ICR in the patients was also significantly higher than that in the controls ( P < 0. 01) , and the CD8+ score in the patients was not remarkably changed than that in the controls ( P > 0. 05) . The direct correlation between the CD4+ score and the RBC-C3bRR was observed in the patients ( r= 0. 811 2, P < 0. 01) , but there was no remarkable correlation among the other subjects ( P > 0. 05) . CONCLUSIONS There are abnormalities of T subsets and B-cell and red-cell immune functions in patients with primary lung cancer. There may be a direct interaction between T helper cell and C3b receptors on erythrocytes, which may play an important role in immunity regulation in patients with primary lung cancer.
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Chen Y, Yang Y, Xu W, Chen Z, Yuan Y, Wan H. [The association between SA gene and essential hypertension in Han Chinese]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE YI CHUAN XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA YIXUE YICHUANXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 18:366-70. [PMID: 11592044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the linkage of SA gene locus to essential hypertension(EH) in affected Han Chinese sib pairs and to ascertain the association of SA gene CT79 polymorphism with essential hypertension in Han Chinese hypertensives. METHODS In Han Chinese at Shanghai, 96 random individuals, 80 essentially hypertensive sib pairs with hypertensive family history, 200 essential hypertensives with hypertensive family history and 200 normotensive control(NC) subjects without such family history were enrolled in these serial studies. MF-PCR-SSCP technique was applied to detect the frequency distributions of SA gene microsatellite D16S3046, D16S3136 and D16S3068. The linkage of SA gene locus to essential hypertension was analyzed by Green's IBS for affected siblings. SA gene variant was screened by PCR-SSCP- silver staining and confirmed by DNA sequencing, then an association study was performed to determine whether such variant was associated with essential hypertension. RESULTS The frequency distributions of SA gene microsatellites D16S3046, D16S3136 and D16S3068 were of high polymorphism. The polymorphism information contents of D16S3046, D16S3136 and D16S3068 were 0.86, 0.82 and 0.80, and the heterozygosities 0.88, 0.71 and 0.77. The linkage of SA gene locus to essential hypertension was not observed; the linkage analysis t values of D16S3046,D16S3136 and D16S3068 were 0.972, 0.622 and 0.236, and the P values 0.384, 0.543 and 0.871, respectively. The C two head right arrow T substitution was confirmed, but there was no association of such variant with essential hypertension. The frequency distributions of genotypes and alleles in the hypertensive group were not significantly different from those in the normotensive group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION SA gene is not linked to or associated with essential hypertension in Han Chinese. SA gene may not be a susceptible gene contributing to the development of essential hypertension in Han Chinese.
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Flower KR, Lightfoot AP, Wan H, Whiting A. Direct evidence for a ruthenium(IV) oxo complex-mediated oxidation of a hydroxamic acid in the presence of phosphine oxide donors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2001:1812-3. [PMID: 12240327 DOI: 10.1039/b106338n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) complexes can be used to oxidise N-Boc hydroxylamine the the presence of tert-butylhydroperoxide to the corresponding nitroso dienophile, which is trapped using cyclohexa-1,3-diene as the hetero-Diels-Alder adduct; direct evidence has been obtained for the intervention of a triphenylphosphine oxide-stabilised ruthenium(IV) oxocomplex as the catalytically active species.
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82
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Wan H, Gong SL, Liu SZ. Effects of low dose radiation on signal transduction of neurons in mouse hypothalamus. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2001; 14:248-255. [PMID: 11723726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effects of low dose radiation on signal transduction of neurons in mouse hypothalamus were investigated. METHODS In the present study competitive protein binding assay, radioimmunoassay, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the effects of whole-body irradiation with 75 mGy X-rays on the contents of cAMP and cGMP and the expressions of c-fos mRNA, Fos protein and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA in the neurons of mouse hypothalamus. RESULTS The results showed that cAMP content in mouse hypothalamus immediately increased significantly and reached the peak value in 15 min after irradiation, and then returned to near sham-irradiation level 1 h after irradiation, followed by a small fluctuation of increase and decrease; the changes of cGMP content were basically opposite to those of cAMP content, while the changes of cAMP/cGMP ratio were basically consistent with those of cAMP content. The expression of c-fos mRNA in the neurons of hypothalamus appeared 15 min after irradiation, reached its peak value within 1 h, began to abate 2 h with its total disappearance 8 h after irradiation; the expression of Fos protein reached its peak value 8 h after irradiation, and then gradually returned to sham-irradiation level 48 h after irradiation; the expression of POMC mRNA decreased significantly 1 h after irradiation and remained at a lower level in the observation period of 12 h. CONCLUSION These findings implicate that low dose radiation may potentiate the activity of the neurons in mouse hypothalamus, expedite their signal transduction, and down-regulate the functions of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis.
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Wang Z, Wan H, Anderson MS, Abdel-Rehim M, Blomberg LG. Separation of lidocaine and its metabolites by capillary electrophoresis using volatile aqueous and nonaqueous electrolyte systems. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:2495-502. [PMID: 11519953 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200107)22:12<2495::aid-elps2495>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The separation of the basic drug lidocaine and six of its metabolites has been investigated both by using volatile aqueous electrolyte system, at low pH and by employing non-aqueous electrolyte systems. In aqueous systems, the best separation of the compounds under the investigated conditions was achieved by using the electrolyte 60 mM trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)/triethylamine (TEA) at pH 2.5 containing 15% methanol. With this electrolyte, all seven compounds were well separated with high efficiency and migration time repeatability. The separations with bare fused-silica capillaries and polyacrylamide-coated capillaries were compared with higher separation efficiency with the latter. On the other hand, near baseline separation of all the seven compounds was also obtained by employing the non-aqueous electrolyte, 40 mM ammonium acetate in methanol and TFA (99:1, v/v), with comparable migration time repeatability but lower separation efficiency relative to the aqueous system.
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Wan H, Ohman M, Blomberg LG. Bonded dimethylacrylamide as a permanent coating for capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2001; 924:59-70. [PMID: 11521909 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A method for coating capillaries for capillary electrophoresis with chemically bonded polydimethylacrylamide has been developed, and the properties of the capillaries have been evaluated. The coated capillaries provided high separation efficiency, 12 x 10(5) theoretical plates/m was obtained for cytochrome c. The electroosmotic flow at pH 8.0 was 10 x 10(-10) to 6 x 10(-10) m2 V(-1) s(-1). The coated capillaries were quite stable at high pH. At least 150 runs could be done at pH 10 without appreciable performance deterioration. The excellent performance of the coated capillaries was illustrated by separation of basic proteins, acidic proteins, 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate-derivatized neurotransmitter amino acids, peptide reference mixtures and peptides digested from a bacteria protein.
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Springall T, Sheerin NS, Abe K, Holers VM, Wan H, Sacks SH. Epithelial secretion of C3 promotes colonization of the upper urinary tract by Escherichia coli. Nat Med 2001; 7:801-6. [PMID: 11433344 DOI: 10.1038/89923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To assess the role of complement in renal infection, we studied a model of Escherichia coli-induced pyelonephritis in mice deficient in complement components C3 and C4. Renal infection occurred less frequently in C3- and C4-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. In vitro, renal epithelial cells internalized fewer bacteria in the absence of C3 or in the presence of blockade of C3 bound to the bacteria. Moreover, upregulation of epithelial C3 production by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide enhanced bacterial internalization. Here we provide evidence that uropathogenic E. coli might use host C3 to invade the renal epithelium and that local complement production is sufficient for the bacteria to achieve this effect.
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Wan H, Warburton EC, Kuśmierek P, Aggleton JP, Kowalska DM, Brown MW. Fos imaging reveals differential neuronal activation of areas of rat temporal cortex by novel and familiar sounds. Eur J Neurosci 2001; 14:118-24. [PMID: 11488955 DOI: 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To provide information about the possible regions involved in auditory recognition memory, this study employed an imaging technique that has proved valuable in the study of visual recognition memory. The technique was used to image populations of neurons that are differentially activated by novel and familiar auditory stimuli, thereby paralleling previous studies of visual familiarity discrimination. Differences evoked by novel and familiar sounds in the activation of neurons were measured in different parts of the rat auditory pathway by immunohistochemistry for the protein product (Fos) of the immediate early gene c-fos. Significantly higher counts of stained neuronal nuclei (266 +/- 21/mm2) were evoked by novel than by familiar sounds (192 +/- 17/mm2) in the auditory association cortex (area Te3; AudA). No such significant differences were found for the inferior colliculus, primary auditory cortex, postrhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex (PRH), entorhinal cortex, amygdala or hippocampus. These findings are discussed in relation to the results of lesion studies and what is known of areas involved in familiarity discrimination for visual stimuli. Differential activation is produced by novel and familiar individual stimuli in sensory association cortex for both auditory and visual stimuli, whereas the PRH is differentially activated by visual but not auditory stimuli. It is suggested that this latter difference is related to the nature of the particular auditory and visual stimuli used.
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Sever-Chroneos Z, Angus SP, Fribourg AF, Wan H, Todorov I, Knudsen KE, Knudsen ES. Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein signals through inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity to disrupt PCNA function in S phase. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:4032-45. [PMID: 11359910 PMCID: PMC87065 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.12.4032-4045.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2000] [Accepted: 03/13/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB) is a negative regulator of the cell cycle that inhibits both G(1) and S-phase progression. While RB-mediated G(1) inhibition has been extensively studied, the mechanism utilized for S-phase inhibition is unknown. To delineate the mechanism through which RB inhibits DNA replication, we generated cells which inducibly express a constitutively active allele of RB (PSM-RB). We show that RB-mediated S-phase inhibition does not inhibit the chromatin binding function of MCM2 or RPA, suggesting that RB does not regulate the prereplication complex or disrupt early initiation events. However, activation of RB in S-phase cells disrupts the chromatin tethering of PCNA, a requisite component of the DNA replication machinery. The action of RB was S phase specific and did not inhibit the DNA damage-mediated association of PCNA with chromatin. We also show that RB-mediated PCNA inhibition was dependent on downregulation of CDK2 activity, which was achieved through the downregulation of cyclin A. Importantly, restoration of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)-cyclin A and thus PCNA activity partially restored S-phase progression in the presence of active RB. Therefore, the data presented identify RB-mediated regulation of PCNA activity via CDK2 attenuation as a mechanism through which RB regulates S-phase progression. Together, these findings identify a novel pathway of RB-mediated replication inhibition.
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Wan H, Ohman M, Blomberg LG. Chemometric modeling of neurotransmitter amino acid separation in normal and reversed migration micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 916:255-63. [PMID: 11382299 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A chemometric experimental design has been applied for the optimization of neurotransmitter amino acid separation in capillary electrophoresis. The optimizations were carried out for normal micellar electrokinetic chromatography (N-MEKC) and reversed migration micellar electrokinetic chromatography (RM-MEKC). In order to optimize three separation factors and study the interaction between factors, a response function was optimized via searching its optimum (minimum/maximum). For this purpose a central composite design with multivariate linear regression (MLR) analysis was utilized. Modeling with good regression coefficients from the MLR adequately described the interaction of factors such as background electrolyte and sodium dodecylsulfate concentrations which had a large impact on selectivity and migration behaviors. Similar optimal conditions regarding resolution and number of theoretical plates but different retention behaviors as a function of background electrolyte and micellar concentrations were observed for N-MEKC and RM-MEKC. Improved overall performance from the RM-MEKC separation of five neurotransmitter acids, superior to N-MEKC, is demonstrated in terms of repeatability, peak symmetry, sensitivity, and in particular, impurity determination in an overloaded separation system.
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Wan H, Winton HL, Soeller C, Taylor GW, Gruenert DC, Thompson PJ, Cannell MB, Stewart GA, Garrod DR, Robinson C. The transmembrane protein occludin of epithelial tight junctions is a functional target for serine peptidases from faecal pellets of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Clin Exp Allergy 2001; 31:279-94. [PMID: 11251630 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.00970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There have been only a few studies of how allergens cross the airway epithelium to cause allergic sensitization. House dust mite fecal pellets (HDMFP) contain several proteolytic enzymes. Group 1 allergens are cysteine peptidases, whilst those of groups 3, 6 and 9 have catalytic sites indicative of enzymes that mechanistically behave as serine peptidases. We have previously shown that the group 1 allergen Der p 1 leads to cleavage of tight junctions (TJs), allowing allergen delivery to antigen presenting cells. In this study we determined whether HDMFP serine peptidases similarly compromise the airway epithelium by attacking TJs, desmosomes and adherens junctions. Experiments were performed in monolayers of MDCK, Calu-3 or 16HBE14o-epithelial cells. Cell junction morphology was examined by 2-photon molecular excitation microscopy and digital image analysis. Barrier function was measured as mannitol permeability. Cleavage of cell adhesion proteins was studied by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. HDMFP serine peptidases led to a progressive cleavage of TJs and increased epithelial permeability. Desmosomal puncta became more concentrated. Cleavage of TJs involved proteolysis of the TJ proteins, occludin and ZO-1. This was associated with activation of intracellular proteolysis of ZO-1. In contrast to occludin, E-cadherin of adherens junctions was cleaved less extensively. Although Calu-3 and 16HBE14o-cells expressed tethered ligand receptors for serine peptidases, these were not responsible for transducing the changes in TJs. HDMFP serine peptidases cause cleavage of TJs. This study identifies a second general class of HDM peptidase capable of increasing epithelial permeability and thereby creating conditions that would favour transepithelial delivery of allergens.
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Wan H, Hong WK, Lotan R. Increased retinoic acid responsiveness in lung carcinoma cells that are nonresponsive despite the presence of endogenous retinoic acid receptor (RAR) beta by expression of exogenous retinoid receptors retinoid X receptor alpha, RAR alpha, and RAR gamma. Cancer Res 2001; 61:556-64. [PMID: 11212249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are thought to mediate most of the effects of retinoids on cell growth and differentiation. Despite expressing abundant levels of RAR beta mRNA, lung adenocarcinoma H1792 cells are resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of all-trans-retinoic acid, suggesting that they have a defect in retinoid signaling. To determine whether transfection of exogenous receptors can restore retinoid responsiveness, we transiently transfected into H1792 cells coexpression vectors containing cDNAs of cell surface antigen CD7 and either RAR alpha, RAR beta, RAR gamma, or RXR alpha. The cells were then treated with retinoids and incubated with 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. Cells that express exogenous receptor were identified using antibodies against CD7, and cells that synthesized DNA were identified with anti-5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine antibodies using secondary antibodies with red and green fluorescence, respectively. RXR alpha and RAR alpha enhanced growth inhibition by all-trans-retinoic acid or 9-cis-retinoic acid, whereas RAR gamma was less effective, and RAR beta was ineffective. The effects of the transfected receptors were associated with antagonism of activator protein 1 (AP-1) activity. Studies with RXR alpha deletion and point mutants indicated that growth suppression is: (a) dependent on intact DNA-binding and ligand-binding regions but not on the NH2-terminal region, which contains a ligand-independent transactivation function; (b) dependent on RXR homodimer formation and transactivation of RXR response element; and (c) associated with AP-1 antagonism. These results demonstrate that transfected receptors can restore responsiveness to retinoids by antagonizing AP-1 in H1792 cells.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Bromodeoxyuridine/metabolism
- Cell Division
- DNA, Recombinant
- DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Mutation
- Plasmids/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/chemistry
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/physiology
- Response Elements
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
- Retinoid X Receptors
- Transcription Factor AP-1/physiology
- Transcription Factors/chemistry
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/cytology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Wan H, Ruan C. A new mutation, Ala1500-->Glu, responsible for type 2A von Willebrand disease. Int J Hematol 2000; 72:512-6. [PMID: 11197223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Two patients (from the same family) with a bleeding disorder were diagnosed with type 2A von Willebrand disease (vWD). The 28th exon of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) gene was obtained by polymerase chain reaction and then screened by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The fragments displaying abnormal melting behavior were directly sequenced. A heterozygous C-->A substitution changing alanine 1500 to glutamic acid at position 4750 in the A2 domain of vWF was found. The structure of recombinant A1500E vWF within transfected COS-7 cells and the secretion of high-molecular-weight (HMW) multimers were similar to wild-type vWF. HMW forms of vWF multimers were absent in plasma but present in platelets. The mutation described here corresponds to the group II type 2A vWD characterized by normal secretion of all vWF multimers.
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Wang X, Wan H, Korzh V, Gong Z. Use of an IRES bicistronic construct to trace expression of exogenously introduced mRNA in zebrafish embryos. Biotechniques 2000; 29:814-6, 818, 820. [PMID: 11056813 DOI: 10.2144/00294st09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand gene function in developing vertebrate embryos, co-injection of an mRNA for a reporter protein and an mRNA for a testing factor is widely used. However, because of the mosaic segregation of injected nucleic acids during early embryogenesis, whether both mRNAs are translated in the same cell remains uncertain. In the present study, we tested a new system of tracing the expression of a testing gene in zebrafish using an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) to express two proteins from the same mRNA template, thus eliminating the problem of independent translation observed in co-injection essays. A DNA construct was made for synthesizing bicistronic mRNA for NeuroD, a neurogenic transcription factor, and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter. When the bicistronic mRNA for NeuroD and EGFP was injected into zebrafish embryos at one cell stage, all EGFP-expressing embryos showed ectopic expression of neuroD mRNA and the mRNA of its potential downstream gene, islet-1. Thus, the IRES bicistronic mRNA construct might be a more convincing means of analyzing gene function in developing zebrafish embryos.
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Ring PC, Wan H, Schou C, Kroll Kristensen A, Roepstorff P, Robinson C. The 18-kDa form of cat allergen Felis domesticus 1 (Fel d 1) is associated with gelatin- and fibronectin-degrading activity. Clin Exp Allergy 2000; 30:1085-96. [PMID: 10931115 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fel d 1, an important allergen from domestic cats, is a significant cause of asthma. In addition to directly promoting IgE synthesis, other biological activities of allergens may contribute to either allergic sensitization or the magnitude of allergic effector responses. For example, allergens that degrade proteins have been suggested to facilitate allergen presentation by increasing parallelular permeability of airways epithelium. However, little information exists to indicate whether Fel d 1 has other activities relevant to allergic responses. OBJECTIVE To study whether Fel d 1 is associated with enzyme activity. METHODS Fel d 1 was obtained by a rigorous purification strategy and its identity confirmed by laser desorption mass spectrometry, cleavage and sequencing. The ability of Fel d 1 to degrade gelatin, fibronectin and the artificial substrate N-benzoyl-FVR-p-nitroanilide was studied. The effect of Fel d 1 on the morphology of tight junctions in epithelial cell monolayers was also investigated. RESULTS The 18-kDa form of Fel d 1 caused degradation of denatured collagens (gelatin) and cleaved a 20-kDa fragment from the A chain of plasma fibronectin. Catalytic activity was not altered by inhibitors of cysteine peptidases, matrix metallopeptidases or by removal of divalent cations. In contrast, aprotinin and TLCK were inhibitors of Fel d 1. The absence of a serine peptidase catalytic triad in Fel d 1, together with the stoichiometry of the inhibition of TLCK and aprotinin, suggest that their inhibitory action may be due to noncatalytic site interactions. Alternatively, highly purified Fel d 1 may be associated with an active contaminant, although none were found. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Fel d 1 is another example of a domestic allergen which is associated with enzyme activity. It remains to be established whether the activity resides in Fel d 1 itself or in an unresolved, and possibly related, protein.
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Holmgren CJ, Lo EC, Hu D, Wan H. ART restorations and sealants placed in Chinese school children--results after three years. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2000; 28:314-20. [PMID: 10901411 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2000.280410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES These were to assess whether ART restorations and sealants could be provided to children in a school environment in China, to assess patient acceptability of the ART approach, and to evaluate on a longitudinal basis the treatments performed. METHODS This study was conducted in Deyang, Sichuan Province, in western China. A total of 294 ART restorations were placed in 197 children and 191 fissure sealants were placed in 140 children by five middle-level dentists in four secondary schools. Standard instruments and procedures for ART were used. The restorative material used was a high-strength glass-ionomer (Ketac-Molar, ESPE). The treatments were evaluated annually after placement by the same examiner who had not been involved in the placement of the restorations nor sealants using explorers and mouth-mirrors. At the 3-year examination an independent external examiner evaluated the restorations using USPHS criteria. RESULTS Most of the children did not report discomfort during treatment and 92% were willing to receive ART restorations again. The cumulative 1-year and 3-year survival rates of small Class I restorations were 99% and 92% respectively. The corresponding figures for large Class I restorations were 90% and 77%. After 3 years, 72% of the sealants were either partially or completely retained. Only 2% of the sealed teeth developed fissure caries and these involved teeth where the sealants had been lost. Similar success rates were found using USPHS criteria. CONCLUSIONS The ART approach for preventing and treating tooth decay in Chinese school children was shown to be appropriate, effective and acceptable. The 3-year survival rates of the restorations were high but were related to the size and type of the restoration.
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95
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Cheng D, Wan H, Ruan C. [Study on genetic mutations of the vWF in type 2A von Willebrand disease]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE YI CHUAN XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA YIXUE YICHUANXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 17:229-32. [PMID: 10932002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the molecular pathological mechanism of the type 2A von Willebrand disease(vWD) and the relationship of the phenotypes with genotypes. METHODS A total of 126 patients with the hereditary hemorrhagic disease were examined using bleeding time, vWF:Ag, FVIII:CAg, ristocentin induced platelet agglutination assay(RIPA) and multimer analysis of plasma. The exon 28 of authenticity vWF gene was studied by PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and sequencing in the type 2A vWD. RESULTS Fourteen cases were diagnosed as type 2A vWD. Four cases of point mutations resulting in single animo acid substitutions, Arg611His, Ala737Glu, Arg834Trp, were identified in 3 families of type 2A vWD. Ala737Glu substitution in vWF is caused by a novel missense mutation. CONCLUSION The molecular pathological mechanism of the type 2A vWD is very variant.
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96
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Sun SY, Wan H, Yue P, Hong WK, Lotan R. Evidence that retinoic acid receptor beta induction by retinoids is important for tumor cell growth inhibition. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:17149-53. [PMID: 10747926 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m000527200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) is thought to be involved in suppressing cell growth and tumorigenicity. Many premalignant and malignant cells exhibit a reduced RARbeta expression. However, in some of these cells (e.g. H157 human squamous cell carcinoma cells), RARbeta can be induced by retinoids (e.g. all-trans-retinoic acid, ATRA) because its promoter contains a retinoic acid response element. To examine the hypothesis that RARbeta induction is important for inhibition of cell proliferation by retinoids, we blocked ATRA-induced RARbeta expression in H157 cells using a retroviral vector harboring multiple copies of antisense RARbeta2 sequences. Antisense RARbeta-transfected cells showed not only decreased expression of ATRA-induced RARbeta protein but also reduced ATRA-induced RARE binding activity and transactivation. Importantly, all antisense RARbeta transfectants of H157 cells were less responsive than vector-transfected cells to the growth inhibitory effects of the retinoids ATRA and Ch55 in vitro. These results demonstrate that RARbeta induction may play an important role in mediating growth inhibitory effects of retinoids in cancer cells.
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is becoming an established method for the determination of chiral trace impurities. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art of CE for such determinations. Detection limits of 0.1% impurity is widely accepted as a minimum requirement for chiral trace impurity determinations. This can be relatively easily achieved with CE. However, determination of lower concentrations requires careful optimization of the separation system. Four factors that are of particular significance for trace enantiomeric determinations: resolution, limit of detection, linear range and type of detection, are discussed. Further, the advantages and disadvantages of derivatization in this context are treated as well as the separation approach, ie., direct chiral separation or separation after the formation of diastereomers. It is concluded that the limit of impurity detection can be about 0.05% when UV detection is employed. Using laser-induced fluorescence detection, a quantitative determination at the 0.005% level is often possible.
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Wan H, Winton HL, Soeller C, Stewart GA, Thompson PJ, Gruenert DC, Cannell MB, Garrod DR, Robinson C. Tight junction properties of the immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell lines Calu-3 and 16HBE14o-. Eur Respir J 2000; 15:1058-68. [PMID: 10885425 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.01514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) make a vital contribution to the barrier properties of the airway lining. Opening of TJs, or their frank cleavage, is suspected as a pathophysiological event in the lung, but research into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved has been impeded by technical limitations of available experimental models. The authors have compared the properties of two epithelial cell lines derived from bronchial epithelium to explore whether these cell lines could constitute appropriate tools for the study of TJ regulation in bronchial epithelium. Investigations of TJs in 16HBE14o- cells and Calu-3 cells were made by fluorescent antibody labelling in conjunction with wide-field, confocal or 2-photon molecular excitation microscopy (2PMEM). The presence of TJ proteins was confirmed by immunoblotting and functional properties of the monolayers were studied by measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance and mannitol permeability. Cells of both lines formed confluent monolayers in which the cells expressed the TJ proteins occludin and ZO-1 in continuous circumferential patterns suggestive of functional TJs. This interpretation was supported by the development of transepithelial electrical resistances and of low paracellular permeability to solutes. Within the limits of resolution offered by 2PMEM, occludin and ZO-1 appeared to colocalize at TJs. These studies suggest that the 16HBE14o- cells and Calu-3 cell lines are potentially useful in vitro models to study how tight junction opening or cleavage changes the functional barrier properties of bronchial epithelium.
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Chen SL, Cai L, Meng QY, Xu S, Wan H, Liu SZ. Low-dose whole-body irradiation (LD-WBI) changes protein expression of mouse thymocytes: effect of a LD-WBI-enhanced protein RIP10 on cell proliferation and spontaneous or radiation-induced thymocyte apoptosis. Toxicol Sci 2000; 55:97-106. [PMID: 10788564 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/55.1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose radiation (LDR) can potentiate cellular metabolic activities or immune functions in vivo (hormesis), and can render cells resistant to DNA or chromosome damage caused by subsequent high-dose radiation (adaptive response). Protein synthesis was required for these cellular responses to LDR. In the present study, the early expression of proteins by thymocytes in response to low-dose whole-body irradiation (LD-WBI) was investigated. The expression of novel and previously existing proteins was found in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and extracellular fluid of thymocytes at 4 hours after WBI with 75-mGy X-rays. A 10 kD protein (RIP10) was seen in the cytoplasm of thymocytes after LD-WBI was further investigated. The fraction containing RIP10 separated by Sephadex G 100 gel filtration potentiated spontaneous thymocyte, and mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferation. Western blotting demonstrated that an anti-RIP10 antibody could react with a 10-kD cytoplasm protein and also with a 13-kD nuclear protein in thymocytes at 4 h after LD-WBI. Immunocytochemical staining showed the existence of RIP10 in several immune tissues including thymus, spleen, and lymph node. RIP10 expression, as determined by immunocytochemical staining and flow cytometry, was enhanced at 4-8 h after LD-WBI. Cell-cycle arrest (G(0)/G(1) block with decreased percentage of S-phase cells), and increased levels of spontaneous or radiation-induced apoptosis were observed in thymocytes incubated with RIP10 antibody in vitro for 4 h or 24 h. These results directly demonstrated the role of RIP10 in modulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. This finding is important to understand the mechanisms underlying LDR-induced hormesis and adaptive response.
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Wan H, Wu M, Yu S, Qiang W, Liu T. [Mutation and expression of nm23-H1 and CD44 gene in prostate cancers]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 2000; 38:382-4. [PMID: 11832065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of nm23-H1 and CD44 gene in carcinogenesis and metastasis of prostate cancers. METHODS Expression of nm23-H1/NDPK and CD44 protein were analyzed in 32 cases of prostate cancers (Pca) and 12 control of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) paraffin embedded tissue by immunohistochemistry. Mutation and expression of their genes were detected by silver SSCP method, semiquantitative RT-PCR, and southern blot hybridization analysis respectively in 25 cases of fresh Pca and 15 control BPH tissue. RESULTS nm23-H1 gene point mutation was detected in 13.3% (2/15) of Pca. Compared with the control tissue, the expression of nm23-H1 gene was increased significantly on both mRNA and protein levels in the carcinoma tissue (P < 0.05). The expression of nm23-H1 protein was also increased significantly in Pca with metastasis. The expression of CD44 standard form (CD44s) protein was significantly reduced in most Pca compared with BPH tissue. CD44s mRNA was detected in all Pca and BPH tissue, whereas CD44 variant (CD44v) without CD44v6 was mainly detected in carcinoma tissue. CONCLUSIONS The altered expression of CD44s and CD44v may co-regulate in the carcinogenesis and progression, whereas nm23-H1 gene may play a different role from CD44 in the progression of prostate cancer. CD44v6 may be a useful but not significant tool for detection of colon or bladder cancers.
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