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Morrison I. The case for universality. HEALTH FORUM JOURNAL 2001; 44:48. [PMID: 11372285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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O'Hanlon GM, Plomp JJ, Chakrabarti M, Morrison I, Wagner ER, Goodyear CS, Yin X, Trapp BD, Conner J, Molenaar PC, Stewart S, Rowan EG, Willison HJ. Anti-GQ1b ganglioside antibodies mediate complement-dependent destruction of the motor nerve terminal. Brain 2001; 124:893-906. [PMID: 11335692 DOI: 10.1093/brain/124.5.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Miller-Fisher syndrome is an autoimmune neuropathy characterized by ataxia, areflexia and ophthalmoplegia, and in the majority of cases the presence of high titres of anti-GQ1b ganglioside antibodies. In an ex vivo model, human and mouse anti-GQ1b antibodies have been shown previously to induce a complement-dependent alpha-latrotoxin-like effect on the murine motor endplate, i.e. they bring about massive quantal release of acetylcholine and eventually block neuromuscular transmission. Using immunofluorescence microscopy with image analysis, we show here that the late stages of this electrophysiological effect temporally coincide with the loss of heavy neurofilament (200 kDa) and type III beta-tubulin immunostaining and structural breakdown of the nerve terminal, as demonstrated by electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally, axon terminals were disorganized, depleted of vesicles, and subdivided by the infiltrating processes of capping Schwann cells. These findings provide clear pathological evidence to support a role for anti-ganglioside antibodies in mediating nerve terminal injury and further advance the view that this site may be of importance as a target in some human neuropathies.
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Morrison I. Getting a grip on yourself. Trends Cogn Sci 2001; 5:100. [PMID: 11239803 DOI: 10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Morrison I. The five pillars of leadership. HEALTH FORUM JOURNAL 2001; 44:48. [PMID: 11330111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Morrison I. The rise and fall and rise of e-health. HEALTH FORUM JOURNAL 2001; 44:48. [PMID: 11225561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Morrison I, Jaros M, Wong KB. Strain-induced electron states in Si0.75Ge0.25(Si/Si0.5Ge0.5)(001) superlattices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/19/12/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Bell J, Morrison I. Multiple‐choice questionnaire. IMAGING 2000. [DOI: 10.1259/img.12.1.120089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Bourne J, Donnelly CA, Cox DR, Gettinby G, McInerney JP, Morrison I, Woodroffe R. Bovine tuberculosis: towards a future control strategy. Vet Rec 2000; 146:207-10. [PMID: 10731068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB was appointed by the Government in 1998 to implement and develop the research recommendations of the 1997 Krebs report on bovine tuberculosis in cattle and badgers. In this article, members of the group discuss the approach they are adopting in attempting to ensure that future control strategies are scientifically based. In a second article, to be published in next week's Veterinary Record, the group will consider the extent to which efforts to control the disease in cattle may be constrained by limitations in current testing procedures.
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Kemali M, Totolici JE, Ross DK, Morrison I. Inelastic neutron scattering measurements and Ab initio calculations of hydrogen in single-crystal palladium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:1531-1534. [PMID: 11017560 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using a single-crystal sample of PdH, we have measured the inelastic form factor for exciting the proton from its ground state to various excited states as a function of crystal orientation. Because of the anharmonicity of the potential well which splits otherwise degenerate states, each inelastic form factor could be measured individually. Agreement between theory and experiment is excellent, both with regard to the transition energies and to the modulation of the intensity, giving confidence in the quantum treatment of the proton and hence in the use of the model to predict other properties of the system.
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Abstract
Physicians' time is under assault in the current health care system. In particular, managed care payers are reducing compensation to physicians on a discounted fee-for-service basis. More demanding consumers, complex new technologies, and increased managerial and administrative burdens are placing further constraints on physicians' time. As we look ahead, it seems likely that these pressures will intensify and transform the ways in which physicians spend their time. Physicians will play eight key roles in the future: clinical data collector, shaman, health advisor and wellness coach, knowledge navigator, proceduralist, diagnostician, physician manager, and quality assurance specialist. They will need to lead the redesign of these roles and define the ways in which they should spend their time in the health care system of the new millennium.
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Watt AP, Morrison I, Evans DC. Approaches to higher-throughput pharmacokinetics (HTPK) in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2000; 5:17-24. [PMID: 10637545 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(99)01434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
With pressure on pharmaceutical companies to reduce time-to-market and improve the success rate of new drug candidates, higher-throughput pharmacokinetic (HTPK) support has become an integral part of many drug discovery programmes. This report details the amalgamation of robotics, new sample preparation technologies and highly sensitive and selective mass spectrometric detection systems to deliver the promise of HTPK. A historical perspective on automated bioanalysis with the current approaches and future prospects for the discipline are described.
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Jenkins S, Morrison I. The chemical character of the intermolecular bonds of seven phases of ice as revealed by ab initio calculation of electron densities. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)01306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jenkins S, Morrison I. Characterization of Various Phases of Ice on the Basis of the Charge Density. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992655w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Goodyear CS, O'Hanlon GM, Plomp JJ, Wagner ER, Morrison I, Veitch J, Cochrane L, Bullens RW, Molenaar PC, Conner J, Willison HJ. Monoclonal antibodies raised against Guillain-Barré syndrome-associated Campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides react with neuronal gangliosides and paralyze muscle-nerve preparations. J Clin Invest 1999. [PMID: 10491405 DOI: 10.1172/jci6837e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome and its variant, Miller-Fisher syndrome, are acute, postinfectious, autoimmune neuropathies that frequently follow Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. The pathogenesis is believed to involve molecular mimicry between sialylated epitopes on C. jejuni LPSs and neural gangliosides. More than 90% of Miller-Fisher syndrome cases have serum anti-GQ1b and anti-GT1a ganglioside antibodies that may also react with other disialylated gangliosides including GD3 and GD1b. Structural studies on LPS from neuropathy-associated C. jejuni strains have revealed GT1a-like and GD3-like core oligosaccharides. To determine whether this structural mimicry results in pathogenic autoantibodies, we immunized mice with GT1a/GD3-like C. jejuni LPS and then cloned mAb's that reacted with both the immunizing LPS and GQ1b/GT1a/GD3 gangliosides. Immunohistology demonstrated antibody binding to ganglioside-rich sites including motor nerve terminals. In ex vivo electrophysiological studies of nerve terminal function, application of antibodies either ex vivo or in vivo via passive immunization induced massive quantal release of acetylcholine, followed by neurotransmission block. This effect was complement-dependent and associated with extensive deposits of IgM and C3c at nerve terminals. These data provide strong support for the molecular mimicry hypothesis as a mechanism for the induction of cross-reactive pathogenic anti-ganglioside/LPS antibodies in postinfectious neuropathies.
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Morrison I. 2020 visions. Creating a vision from our values. MODERN HEALTHCARE 1999; 29:suppl 30-2. [PMID: 10621427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Goodyear CS, O'Hanlon GM, Plomp JJ, Wagner ER, Morrison I, Veitch J, Cochrane L, Bullens RW, Molenaar PC, Conner J, Willison HJ. Monoclonal antibodies raised against Guillain-Barré syndrome-associated Campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides react with neuronal gangliosides and paralyze muscle-nerve preparations. J Clin Invest 1999; 104:697-708. [PMID: 10491405 PMCID: PMC408431 DOI: 10.1172/jci6837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome and its variant, Miller-Fisher syndrome, are acute, postinfectious, autoimmune neuropathies that frequently follow Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. The pathogenesis is believed to involve molecular mimicry between sialylated epitopes on C. jejuni LPSs and neural gangliosides. More than 90% of Miller-Fisher syndrome cases have serum anti-GQ1b and anti-GT1a ganglioside antibodies that may also react with other disialylated gangliosides including GD3 and GD1b. Structural studies on LPS from neuropathy-associated C. jejuni strains have revealed GT1a-like and GD3-like core oligosaccharides. To determine whether this structural mimicry results in pathogenic autoantibodies, we immunized mice with GT1a/GD3-like C. jejuni LPS and then cloned mAb's that reacted with both the immunizing LPS and GQ1b/GT1a/GD3 gangliosides. Immunohistology demonstrated antibody binding to ganglioside-rich sites including motor nerve terminals. In ex vivo electrophysiological studies of nerve terminal function, application of antibodies either ex vivo or in vivo via passive immunization induced massive quantal release of acetylcholine, followed by neurotransmission block. This effect was complement-dependent and associated with extensive deposits of IgM and C3c at nerve terminals. These data provide strong support for the molecular mimicry hypothesis as a mechanism for the induction of cross-reactive pathogenic anti-ganglioside/LPS antibodies in postinfectious neuropathies.
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Morrison I. The 1 percent problem. The organization of medicine has changed little in a century. HEALTH FORUM JOURNAL 1999; 42:42-6. [PMID: 10539022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Morrison I. Leadership and white space: the struggle for strategy innovation in health care. HEALTH FORUM JOURNAL 1999; 42:18-20, 22, 24-5. [PMID: 10538508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
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Durie M, Beckmann U, Baldwin I, Morrison I, Shaw L. An analysis of medication errors identified in the first 3800 incident reports submitted to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study in Intensive Care (AIMS-ICU). Aust Crit Care 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1036-7314(99)70528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Bobkov A, Kazennova E, Selimova L, Ladnaya N, Kravchenko A, Foley B, Morrison I, Pokrovsky V, Weber J, Cheingsong-Popov R. HIV type 1 gag D/env G recombinants in Russia. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1998; 14:1597-9. [PMID: 9840293 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1998.14.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kühnle G, Heinze A, Schmitt J, Giesow K, Taylor G, Morrison I, Rijsewijk FA, van Oirschot JT, Keil GM. The class II membrane glycoprotein G of bovine respiratory syncytial virus, expressed from a synthetic open reading frame, is incorporated into virions of recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1. J Virol 1998; 72:3804-11. [PMID: 9557663 PMCID: PMC109603 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.5.3804-3811.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) recombinants BHV-1/eG(ori) and BHV-1/eG(syn) were isolated after insertion of expression cassettes which contained either a genomic RNA-derived cDNA fragment (BHV-1/eG(ori)) or a modified, chemically synthesized open reading frame (ORF) (BHV-1/eG(syn)), which both encode the attachment glycoprotein G of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), a class II membrane glycoprotein. Northern blot analyses and nuclear runoff transcription experiments indicated that transcripts encompassing the authentic BRSV G ORF were unstable in the nucleus of BHV-1/eG(ori)-infected cells. In contrast, high levels of BRSV G RNA were detected in BHV-1/eG(syn)-infected cells. Immunoblots showed that the BHV-1/eG(syn)-expressed BRSV G glycoprotein contains N- and O-linked carbohydrates and that it is incorporated into the membrane of infected cells and into the envelope of BHV-1/eG(syn) virions. The latter was also demonstrated by neutralization of BHV-1/eG(syn) infectivity by monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal anti-BRSV G antisera and complement. Our results show that expression of the BRSV G glycoprotein by BHV-1 was dependent on the modification of the BRSV G ORF and indicate that incorporation of class II membrane glycoproteins into BHV-1 virions does not necessarily require BHV-1-specific signals. This raises the possibility of targeting heterologous polypeptides to the viral envelope, which might enable the construction of BHV-1 recombinants with new biological properties and the development of improved BHV-1-based live and inactivated vector vaccines.
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Morrison I, Schwartz P, Yankelovich D. Healthcare in the new millennium: the long boom meets the civil society. THE HEALTHCARE FORUM JOURNAL 1998; 41:18-22, 70, 72-7. [PMID: 10180187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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