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Park MH, Song HS, Kim KH, Son DJ, Lee SH, Yoon DY, Kim Y, Park IY, Song S, Hwang BY, Jung JK, Hong JT. Cobrotoxin Inhibits NF-κB Activation and Target Gene Expression through Reaction with NF-κB Signal Molecules. Biochemistry 2005; 44:8326-36. [PMID: 15938622 DOI: 10.1021/bi050156h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cobrotoxin is known to bind with cysteine residues of biological molecules such as nicotine acetylcholine receptor. Cobrotoxin may modify IKKs and p50 through protein-protein interaction since cysteine residues are present in the kinase domains of IKKalpha and IKKbeta and in the p50 of NF-kappaB. Our surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that cobrotoxin directly binds to p50 (K(d) = 1.54 x 10(-)(5) M), IKKalpha (K(d) = 3.94 x 10(-)(9) M) and IKKbeta (K(d) = 3.4 x 10(-)(8) M) with high binding affinity. Moreover, these protein-protein interactions suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 microg/mL)- and the sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 200 microM)-induced DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-dependent luciferase activity in astrocytes and Raw 264.7 macrophages. These inhibitory effects were correlated with the inhibition of IkappaB release and p50 translocation. Inhibition of NF-kappaB by cobrotoxin resulted in reductions in the LPS-induced expressions of COX-2, iNOS, cPLA(2), IL-4, and TNF-alpha in astrocytes and in COX-2 expression induced by SNP, LPS, and TNF-alpha in astrocytes. Moreover, these inhibitory effects of cobrotoxin were reversed by adding reducing agents, dithiothreitol and glutathione. In addition, cobrotoxin did not have any inhibitory effect on NF-kappaB activity in cells carrying mutant p50 (C62S), IKKalpha (C178A), and IKKbeta (C179A), with the exception of IKKbeta (K44A) mutant plasmid. Confocal microscopic analysis showed that cobrotoxin is uptaken into the nucleus of cells. These results demonstrate that cobrotoxin directly binds to the sulfhydryl groups of p50 and IKKs, and that this results in reduced IkappaB release and the translocation of p50, thereby inhibiting the activation of NF-kappaB.
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Rezansoff AJ, Hunter HN, Jing W, Park IY, Kim SC, Vogel HJ. Interactions of the antimicrobial peptide Ac-FRWWHR-NH2 with model membrane systems and bacterial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 65:491-501. [PMID: 15853943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2005.00263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The acetylated and amidated hexapeptide FRWWHR (combi-2), previously identified by combinatorial chemistry methods, shows strong antimicrobial activity. The binding of the peptide to 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[(phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (POPG) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) vesicles was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) multilamellar vesicles was performed to determine changes in the lipid phase behaviour upon binding the peptide. Two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, to solve the bound peptide structure, was performed in the presence of dodecylphosphatidylcholine (DPC) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) micelles. The fluorescence, ITC and DSC studies indicate that the peptide interacts preferentially with lipid vesicles containing negatively charged head groups. Conformational information determined using NMR indicate that the combi-2 peptide adopts a coiled amphipathic conformation when bound to SDS and DPC micelles. Leakage assays indicate that the peptide is not very efficient at causing leakage from calcein-filled large unilamellar vesicles comprised of POPG/POPC (1 : 1). The rapid passage of either the fluorescent-tagged peptides combi-2 or the previously studied peptide Ac-RRWWRF-NH(2) (combi-1) into Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggests that instead of membrane disruption, the main bactericidal site of action of these peptides might be located inside bacteria.
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Baek JM, Sung GY, Lee DS, Chun KH, Lee DH, Seo YJ, Choi SH, Park WC, Kim JS, Song BJ, Oh SJ, Kim W, Park IY, Jung SS, Lim KW, Won JM, Chun CS, Lee JH, Kim JA. Expression of estrogen receptor β, estrogen receptor α and cyclooxygenase II in advanced breast cancer. J Breast Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2005.8.2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Choi JE, Chung HJ, Yoo WJ, Chung MH, Sung MS, Lee HG, Park IY, Kim J. Retroperitoneal malignant mesenchymoma: a case of mesenchymal mixed tumor with osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma and fibrosarcoma. Korean J Radiol 2002; 3:264-6. [PMID: 12514345 PMCID: PMC2713850 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2002.3.4.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesenchymoma is an interesting but very rare tumor in which malignant differentiation has occurred twice or more. We report a case of retroperitoneal malignant mesenchymoma consisting of osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma and fibrosarcoma. Abdominal CT showed a large retroperitoneal mass with two separate and distinct parts, namely an area of prominent calcification and one of clearly enhancing solid components. The mass contained histologically distinct tumorous components with no histologic admixure at the interfaces. The densely calcified nodule corresponded to osteosarcoma, and the noncalcified clearly enhancing nodules to leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma and fibrosarcoma.
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Kim KS, Kim HU, Chung IH, Lee JG, Park IY, Yoon JH. Surgical anatomy of the nasofrontal duct: anatomical and computed tomographic analysis. Laryngoscope 2001; 111:603-8. [PMID: 11359127 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200104000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although complete anatomical knowledge of the nasofrontal duct has been of great importance, little is known about it. The aim of this study is to examine the drainage site of the nasofrontal duct and to investigate the anatomical boundaries of the nasofrontal duct according to the drainage site. STUDY DESIGN One hundred sagittally divided adult head specimens were analyzed by computed tomography and dissection under the surgical microscope. METHODS Computed tomography scans of 50 adult cadaver heads were taken sagittally at 1-mm intervals and coronally at 3-mm intervals to find the nasofrontal duct. One hundred specimens, made up of sagittally divided adult cadaver heads, were dissected under the microscope to study the structure of the nasofrontal duct. RESULTS We identified the anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral boundaries of the nasofrontal duct. In the most common type, the superior portion of the uncinate process formed the anterior border and the superior portion of the bulla ethmoidalis formed the posterior border of the nasofrontal duct. The conchal plate formed the medial border and the suprainfundibular plate formed the lateral border of the nasofrontal duct. Other variations are described in detail. CONCLUSIONS To widen the nasofrontal communication, removing the upper portion of the ground lamella of the ethmoid bulla, which is the posterior boundary of the nasofrontal duct, with cutting forceps seems to be a safe and easy method.
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Han YM, Kim SJ, Park JS, Park IY, Kang YK, Lee CS, Koo DB, Lee TH, Yu DY, Kim YH, Lee KJ, Lee KK. Blastocyst viability and generation of transgenic cattle following freezing of in vitro produced, DNA-injected embryos. Anim Reprod Sci 2000; 63:53-63. [PMID: 10967240 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether the viability, determined in vitro, of DNA-injected bovine embryos produced in vitro was affected by freezing, and if the frozen embryos developed to term following transfer to recipients. In vitro fertilized zygotes were injected with the pBL1 gene and then co-cultured with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) in CR1aa medium. Embryos were prepared for cryopreservation by exposure to a 10% (v/v) glycerol solution, loaded into 0.25 ml straws and then frozen by conventional slow freezing. Thawing was by rapid warming in water (37 degrees C) and embryos were rehydrated in PBS diluents of 6%, 3% and 0% (v/v) glycerol supplemented with 0.25 M sucrose and 0.5% (w/v) BSA. In Experiment 1, blastocysts that developed from DNA-injected embryos were individually classified into three morphological groups and three stages of development prior to freezing. DNA-injected blastocysts of excellent quality at freezing showed a higher survival rate (78.8+/-10.6%) after thawing than those of good (60. 9+/-16.4%) or fair (12.5+/-5.9%) quality (P<0.05). Post-thaw survival rate, judged in vitro, increased with more advanced stage of blastocyst development at freezing (early 48.8+/-15.9%, mid 52. 1+/-12.6% and expanded 71.2+/-1.1; P<0.05). In Experiment 2, the frozen/thawed embryos were transferred to recipients to examine in vivo viability. Following transfer of one or two embryos per recipient, pregnancy rates at 60 days of gestation were 13.6% (13/96) for frozen embryos and 26.5% (43/162) for fresh embryos (P<0. 05). Of the 12 live calves born from the frozen/thawed embryos, two males (18.3%) were transgenic. None of the live-born calves derived from fresh embryos exhibited the transgene. One of transgenic bulls did not produce transgenic sperm. Three out of 23 calves (13.0%) produced from cows inseminated with semen of the other bull were transgenic, suggesting that this animal was a germ-line mosaic. These studies indicated that the viability of in vitro produced, DNA-injected bovine blastocysts was affected by freezing and by both the quality and stage of development of the embryo prior to freezing. The generation of transgenic cattle demonstrates that it is feasible to freeze DNA-injected, in vitro produced embryos.
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Koo DB, Kang YK, Choi YH, Park JS, Han SK, Park IY, Kim SU, Lee KK, Son DS, Chang WK, Han YM. In vitro development of reconstructed porcine oocytes after somatic cell nuclear transfer. Biol Reprod 2000; 63:986-92. [PMID: 10993818 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod63.4.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the developmental ability of porcine embryos after somatic cell nuclear transfer. Porcine fibroblasts were isolated from fetuses at Day 40 of gestation. In vitro-matured porcine oocytes were enucleated and electrically fused with somatic cells. The reconstructed eggs were activated using electrical stimulus and cultured in vitro for 6 days. Nuclear-transferred (NT) embryos activated at a field strength of 120 V/mm (11.6 +/- 1.6%) showed a higher developmental rate as compared to the 150-V/mm group (6.5 +/- 2.3%) (P: < 0.05), but the mean cell numbers of blastocysts were similar between the two groups. Rates of blastocyst development from NT embryos electrically pulsed at different times (2, 4, and 6 h) after electrofusion were 11.6 +/- 2.9, 6.6 +/- 2.3, and 8.1 +/- 3.3%, respectively. The mean cell numbers of blastocysts developed from NT embryos were gradually decreased (30.4 +/- 10.4 > 24.6 +/- 10.1 > 16.5 +/- 7.4 per blastocyst) as exposure time (2, 4, and 6 h) of nuclei to oocyte cytoplast before activation was prolonged. There was a significant difference in the cell number between the 2- and 6-h groups (P: < 0. 05). Nuclear-transferred embryos (9.4 +/- 0.9%) had a lower developmental rate than in vitro fertilization (IVF)-derived (21.4 +/- 1.9%) or parthenogenetic embryos (22.4 +/- 7.2%) (P: < 0.01). The mean cell number (28.9 +/- 11.4) of NT-derived blastocysts was smaller than that (38.6 +/- 10.4) of IVF-derived blastocysts (P: < 0. 05) and was similar to that (29.9 +/- 12.1) of parthenogenetic embryos. Our results suggest that porcine NT eggs using somatic cells after electrical activation have developmental potential to the blastocyst stage, although with smaller cell numbers compared to IVF embryos.
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Yoon JH, Kim KS, Kim SS, Lee JG, Park IY. Secretory differentiation of serially passaged normal human nasal epithelial cells by retinoic acid: expression of mucin and lysozyme. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2000; 109:594-601. [PMID: 10855573 DOI: 10.1177/000348940010900612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to subculture normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE) cells without compromising their ability to differentiate into secretory and ciliated cells and to study the effect of retinoic acid on mucous and serous secretions in passaged cells and to compare the expression of mucin and lysozyme in cultured cells with those in in vivo nasal epithelium. The subcultured cells were tested after every passage for secretory differentiation in air-liquid interface cultures. The cultured NHNE cells secreted mucin and lysozyme. The cells became squamous and mucin secretion decreased when retinoic acid was deleted from the culture media. Cells from passage 1 through passage 2 remained able to differentiate into mucous or squamous cells. Mucin gene 4 (MUC4), MUC5AC, MUC7, MUC8, and lysozyme messenger RNAs were expressed in passage 2 NHNE cells. In conclusion, passage 2 NHNE cell cultures retain features of normal epithelium and are suitable for many studies of upper airway cell biology.
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Kim SS, Kim KS, Lee JG, Park IY, Koo JS, Yoon JH. Levels of intracellular protein and messenger RNA of mucin and lysozyme in normal human nasal and polyp epithelium. Laryngoscope 2000; 110:276-80. [PMID: 10680929 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200002010-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mucus hypersecretion is a characteristic feature in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps. The objective of this study is to examine whether the polyp epithelium itself contributes to a certain extent to the increased mucous secretions in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps, and if it does, to determine which mucin genes are responsible for the increased mucin secretion. METHODS Three pooled samples of normal nasal epithelial cells from each subject were obtained by scrapings from the inferior turbinates of 30 healthy adult volunteers and nasal polyps from 6 patients who underwent intranasal ethmoidectomy and polypectomy. Isolated epithelial cells were used for total RNA isolation for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and cell lysates for immunoblotting. RESULTS The intracellular level of mucin from polyp epithelium was 2.9 times higher than that of normal nasal epithelium (P < .05). Interestingly, MUC2 and MUC8 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were clearly upregulated in polyp epithelium compared with those of normal turbinate epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Polyp epithelium can be considered to contribute in part to increased secretion in chronic sinusitis with polyps, and increased mucous secretion might be related to the increased mRNA level of MUC2 or MUC8 or both.
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Kim GE, Cho JH, Yang WI, Chung EJ, Suh CO, Park KR, Hong WP, Park IY, Hahn JS, Roh JK, Kim BS. Angiocentric lymphoma of the head and neck: patterns of systemic failure after radiation treatment. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:54-63. [PMID: 10623693 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2000.18.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the patterns of systemic failure and the clinical outcome in patients with angiocentric lymphoma of the head and neck who were treated with radiation alone, and to discuss the optimal mode of treatment for these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the records of 92 patients with stage I or II angiocentric lymphoma who were treated at Yonsei Cancer Center between 1976 and 1994. All patients were treated with involved-field irradiation. Radiation doses ranged from 40 to 60 Gy (median dose, 50.4 Gy). Treatment response, patterns of treatment failure including systemic failure, and clinical outcome after radiation treatment were analyzed. RESULTS The most frequently involved site was the nasal cavity, either alone or in conjunction with other sites. In 16 patients (17.4%), angiocentric lymphoma was accompanied by cervical lymphadenopathy. Disease was classified as stage I in 62 patients (67.4%) and stage II in 30 patients (32.6%). After completion of radiation treatment, 61 patients (66.3%) achieved a complete response and 16 (17.4%) a partial response. Half of the patients (50.0%) ultimately experienced local recurrence with or without other components of failure, whereas regional failure was relatively uncommon (10.9%). Systemic failure occurred in 25.0% of patients during follow-up. Six patients had histologic findings identical to those at the time of the original disease (group I), whereas four patients exhibited morphologic features of frank lymphomas (group II). The majority of patients with systemic relapse had the predilection sites for widespread extranodal involvement, such as the skin, brain, lung, gastrointestinal tract, or testes. In addition, seven patients died from various medical illnesses or immunologic disorders, including hemophagocytic syndrome and second primary cancers (group III). After a median follow-up of 56 months, the overall survival and disease-free survival rates for all patients were 40.1% and 37.8%, respectively. All patients except one with systemic failure died within 1 year. CONCLUSION Treatment with radiation alone had suboptimal results, partly because of the occurrence of a variety of systemic failure with diverse clinicopathologic features. Given the frequent occurrence of systemic failure after radiation treatment, we believe that the multimodality treatment approach containing more effective chemotherapeutic agents should be incorporated in the treatment of angiocentric lymphoma confined to the head and neck.
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Kim SJ, Sohn BH, Jeong S, Pak KW, Park JS, Park IY, Lee TH, Choi YH, Lee CS, Han YM, Yu DY, Lee KK. High-level expression of human lactoferrin in milk of transgenic mice using genomic lactoferrin sequence. J Biochem 1999; 126:320-5. [PMID: 10423524 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, transgenic mice were generated that expressed human lactoferrin (hLF) in milk using cDNA under control of the 2 kb bovine beta-casein promoter. The expression level of the protein in milk of 7 mice ranged from 1 to 200 microg/ml; 1 to 34 microg/ml in 6 mice and 200 microg/ml in 1 mouse. With the aim of inducing higher expression of the protein, we constructed an expression cassette comprised of 10 kb of the bovine beta-casein gene promoter and the hLF genomic sequence in place of the cDNA. The hLF genomic sequence of about 27 kb, spanning 23 kb of the entire coding region and 4 kb of the 3'-flanking sequence, was placed downstream the bovine beta-casein promoter. In total, 8 transgenic mice were generated from 31 mice (transgenic rate of 25.8%) born from the embryos microinjected with the 40-kb hLF expression cassette. Mammary-specific expression of the transgene was addressed by performing Northern hybridization of the total RNAs from various tissues of transgenic mice. Immunoblot analysis showed that the recombinant protein expressed in milk has the same molecular weight as the native protein. The amount of the protein in milk of 5 mice ranged from 60 to 6,600 microg/ml when judged by ELISA analysis. Three mice expressed the protein at the level higher than 500 microg/ml. These data suggest that the genomic lactoferrin sequence represents a valuable element for the efficient expression of the protein in milk of transgenic animals.
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Lee SW, Park IY, Hahn Y, Lee JE, Seong CS, Chung JH, Park YS. Cloning of mouse sepiapterin reductase gene and characterization of its promoter region. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1445:165-71. [PMID: 10209270 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated and characterized approximately 5 kb mouse sepiapterin reductase gene (Spr) and a highly homologous pseudogene (Sprp). The authentic Spr gene is present as a single copy in the mouse genome and is composed of three exons containing the entire coding region. The primer extension experiment located the transcription initiation site in a putative pyrimidine-rich Inr element. The promoter region of the Spr gene is embedded within a CpG island. It was shown that the promoter region is devoid of distinctive TATA and CAAT boxes. Transient transfection of a series of 5' deletion derivatives of the Spr promoter showed the sequence between -83 and -51 to be essential for promoter activity. The pseudogene Sprp lacks promoter region and exon 3.
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Yoon JH, Park IY. Mucin gene expression and mucin secretion in human airway epithelium. Rhinology 1998; 36:146-52. [PMID: 9923055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Park IY, Lee DS, Song MH, Kim W, Won JM. Cylexin: a P-selectin inhibitor prolongs heart allograft survival in hypersensitized rat recipients. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:2927-8. [PMID: 9838290 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Park IY, Park CB, Kim MS, Kim SC. Parasin I, an antimicrobial peptide derived from histone H2A in the catfish, Parasilurus asotus. FEBS Lett 1998; 437:258-62. [PMID: 9824303 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In response to epidermal injury, Parasilurus asotus, a catfish, secreted a strong antimicrobial peptide into the epithelial mucosal layer. The molecular mass of the antimicrobial peptide, named parasin I, was 2000.4 Da, as determined by matrix-associated laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. The complete amino acid sequence of parasin I, which was determined by automated Edman degradation, was Lys-Gly-Arg-Gly-Lys-Gln-Gly-Gly-Lys-Val-Arg-Ala-Lys-Ala-Lys-Thr-Arg-Ser- Ser. Eighteen of the 19 residues in parasin I were identical to the N-terminal of buforin I, a 39-residue antimicrobial peptide derived from the N-terminal of toad histone H2A [Kim et al. (1996) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 229, 381-387], which implies that parasin I was cleaved off from the N-terminal of catfish histone H2A. Parasin I showed strong antimicrobial activity, about 12-100 times more potent than magainin 2, against a wide spectrum of microorganisms, without any hemolytic activity. Circular dichroism spectra of parasin I indicated a structural content of 11% alpha-helix, 33% beta-sheet, and 56% random coils. The beta-sheet axial projection diagram of parasin I showed an amphipathic structure. Our results indicate that the catfish may produce parasin I from its histone H2A by a specific protease upon injury to protect against invasion by microorganisms.
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Lee PC, Park IY, Kim MS, Kim SC. Effect of the replication mode of a plasmid on the stability of multimeric endoxylanase genes in Bacillus subtilis. J Biotechnol 1998; 62:177-85. [PMID: 9729802 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(98)00059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Effect of the replication mode of a plasmid on the stability of tandemly multimerized endoxylanase genes and a gene dose-dependent expression of the endoxylanase were studied in Bacillus subtilis. The structural genes encoding an endoxylanase, carrying its original promoter and ribosomal binding sequence, were tandemly multimerized and cloned into the Escherichia coli-B. subtilis shuttle plasmid, pJH27 delta 88 or pMTL500e, which has a rolling circle-replicon or a theta (theta)-replicon in B. subtilis, respectively. The cloned dimers in pJH27 delta 88, which has a rolling circle-replicon, spontaneously rearranged to monomers in B. subtilis DB104, whereas those in pMTL500e, having a theta (theta)-replicon, were stably maintained. Expression level of the endoxylanase was proportional to the gene dosage in multimers. The endoxylanase activity in the supernatant increased from 80 U ml-1 with pMTL-1x containing a monomer of the gene to 165 U ml-1 with pMTL-4x containing a tetramer. These results indicate that high level expression of the endoxylanase gene can be obtained by tandemly multimerizing the genes in a plasmid with a theta (theta)-replicon.
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Oleshko VP, Gijbels RH, Van Daele AJ, Jacob WA, Xu YE, Wang SE, Park IY, Kang TS. Combined characterization of composite tabular silver halide microcrystals by cryo-EFTEM/EELS and cryo-STEM/EDX techniques. Microsc Res Tech 1998; 42:108-22. [PMID: 9728882 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19980715)42:2<108::aid-jemt5>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The combination of cryo-energy filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM)/electron spectroscopic diffraction (ESD)/electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and cryo-energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis in the scanning transmission (STEM) and scanning (SEM) modes was applied for the characterization of composite tabular Ag(Br,I) microcrystals. A low-loss fine structure in EEL spectra between 4 and 26 eV was attributed to excitons and plasmons possibly superimposed with interband transitions and many-electron effects. The contrast tuning under the energy-filtering in the low-loss region was used to image the crystal morphology, defect structure (random dislocations and ¿111¿ stacking faults) and bend and edge contours as well as electron excitations in the microcrystals. Sharp extra reflections at commensurate positions in between the main Bragg reflections and diffuse honeycomb contours in ESD patterns of the microcrystals taken near the [111] zone were assigned to the number of defects in the shell region parallel to the grain edges and polyhedral clusters of interstitial silver cations, respectively. The imaginary part of the energy-loss function, Im (-1/epsilon), and the real and imaginary parts, epsilon1 and epsilon2, of the dielectric permittivity were determined by means of a Kramers-Kronig analysis. An assignment of exciton peaks based on calculations of electronic band structure of silver bromide is proposed. Inner-shell excitation bands of silver halide were detected in line with EDX-analyses. The energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) of the AgM4,5-edge governed by spin-orbital splitting between the 3d3/2- and 3d5/2-states has been evaluated. Combined silver and halide distributions were obtained by a three-window method (EFTEM) and by EDX/STEM including area mapping and line profiling of iodide.
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Jeong KJ, Park IY, Kim MS, Kim SC. High-level expression of an endoxylanase gene from Bacillus sp. in Bacillus subtilis DB104 for the production of xylobiose from xylan. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1998; 50:113-8. [PMID: 9720207 DOI: 10.1007/s002530051264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To produce xylobiose from xylan, high-level expression of an endoxylanase gene from Bacillus sp. was carried out in Bacillus sabtilis DB104. A 1.62-kb SmaI DNA fragment, coding for an endoxylanase of Bacillus sp., was ligated into the Escherichia coli/B. subtilis shuttle vector pJH27 delta 88, producing pJHKJ4, which was subsequently transformed into B. subtilis DB104. A maximum endoxylanase activity of 105 U/ml was obtained from the supernatant of B. subtilis DB104 harboring pJHKJ4. The endoxylanase was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography and the production profile of xylooligosaccharides from xylan by the endoxylanase was examined by HPLC with a carbohydrate analysis column. Xylobiose was the major product from xylan at 40 degrees C and its proportion in the xylan hydrolyzates increased with the reaction time; at 12 h, over 60% of the reaction products was xylobiose. These results suggest that xylobiose, which has a stimulatory effect on the selective growth of the intestinal bacterium Bifidobacterium, can be mass-produced effectively by the endoxylanase of Bacillus sp. cloned in B. subtilis.
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Jeong KJ, Lee PC, Park IY, Kim MS, Kim SC. Molecular cloning and characterization of an endoxylanase gene of Bacillus sp. in Escherichia coli. Enzyme Microb Technol 1998; 22:599-605. [PMID: 9621449 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(97)00256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A gene encoding an endoxylanase of Bacillus sp. was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The entire nucleotide sequence of a 1,620 bp SmaI fragment containing the endoxylanase gene was determined. The endoxylanase gene was 639 bp long and encoded 213 amino acids which showed up to 96% amino acid homology with other endoxylanases. The endoxylanase produced by E. coli harboring pKJX4 was purified by ion-exchange chromatography (DE-52 and CM-52) and its N-terminal sequence was determined to be Ala-Gly-Thr-Asp-Tyr-Trp-Gln-Asn-Trp-Thr-Asp-Gly-Gly-Gly-Thr. The endoxylanase expressed in E. coli was identical to that of the original Bacillus sp. whose molecular weight was approximately 20,400. Most of the produced endoxylanase was localized in the periplasmic space of E. coli. When the endoxylanase was reacted with 2% oat spelts xylan (w/v) at 40 degrees C for 10 h, the major product was xylobiose which is known to be a selective growth stimulant to one of the healthy intestinal microflora, Bifidobacteria.
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Park CB, Lee JH, Park IY, Kim MS, Kim SC. A novel antimicrobial peptide from the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. FEBS Lett 1997; 411:173-8. [PMID: 9271200 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel antimicrobial peptide, named misgurin, was isolated and characterized from the loach (mudfish), Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. The 21-amino-acid peptide with a molecular mass of 2502 Da was purified to homogeneity using a heparin-affinity column and C18 reverse-phase and gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography. The complete amino acid sequence of misgurin, which was determined by an automated amino acid sequencer, was Arg-Gln-Arg-Val-Glu-Glu-Leu-Ser-Lys-Phe-Ser-Lys-Lys-Gly-Ala-Ala-Ala-Arg- Arg-Arg-Lys. Misgurin is a strongly basic peptide which has 5 arginine and 4 lysine residues. Comparison of the amino acid sequence with those of other known antimicrobial peptides revealed that misgurin was a novel antimicrobial peptide. Misgurin showed a strong antimicrobial activity in vitro against a broad spectrum of microorganisms without significant hemolytic activity and was about 6 times more potent than magainin 2. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the peptide caused damage to the cell membrane by a pore-forming mechanism similar to that of magainin 2. This damage occurred at the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC), but at higher concentration than MIC it lysed the cell.
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Valdivia LA, Sun H, Rao AS, Tsugita M, Chen CT, Park IY, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. Donor-specific transfusion in the nude rat prolongs survival of subsequently transplanted hamster cardiac xenografts. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:928-9. [PMID: 9123590 PMCID: PMC2967296 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Sun H, Wakizaka Y, Rao AS, Pan F, Madariaga J, Park IY, Celli S, Fung JJ, Starzl TE, Valdivia LA. Use of MHC class I or II "knock out" mice to delineate the role of these molecules in acceptance/rejection of xenografts. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:732. [PMID: 8623370 PMCID: PMC2993564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Pan F, Tsugita M, Rao AS, Wakizaka Y, Sun H, Park IY, Fung JJ, Starzl TE, Valdivia LA. Effect of tacrolimus and splenectomy on engraftment and GVHD after bone marrow xenotransplantation in the reciprocal hamster to rat animal models. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:736-7. [PMID: 8623373 PMCID: PMC2954625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Lee WY, Lee JM, Park KH, Park C, Chang M, Hong WP, Park IY. Coxiella burnetii in polymorphic lymphocytes in tissue and blood of patients with polymorphic reticulosis. Acta Virol 1995; 39:269-74. [PMID: 8722296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is a well-known causative agent of granulomatous inflammation and an inducer of morphological changes and transformation of human B lymphocytes in vitro. An association of the organism with polymorphic reticulosis (PMR), a malignant granulomatous inflammation characterized by polymorphic lymphocytes, was examined. The infection of C. burnetii was demonstrated in all cases tested, especially in polymorphic lymphocytes. Also the presence of morphologically transformed peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) infected with C. burnetii was demonstrated. In cultures of blood lymphocytes, C. burnetii-infected polymorphic cells identified as B cells became immortalized in vitro. These findings implicate the role of C. burnetii in the process of PMR.
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