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Ramadan TA, Kumar D, Ghuman SS, Singh I. Melatonin-improved buffalo semen quality during nonbreeding season under tropical condition. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2019; 68:119-125. [PMID: 31082783 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of melatonin in protecting spermatozoa from different kinds of injury has been widely reported. The present study aimed to test whether treatment of buffalo bulls with melatonin could ameliorate sperm function during nonbreeding season under tropical condition. Ten Murrah buffalo bulls were randomly allocated into control and treated groups of equal numbers of bulls to study the effect of melatonin on semen characteristics, seminal plasma constituents, blood plasma hormonal levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities during nonbreeding season. Treated bulls were implanted with melatonin (18 mg/50 kg of body weight) for a period of 2 mo. During this period, semen was collected twice a week, and blood samples were collected weekly to determine plasma concentration of melatonin and LH and activities of antioxidant enzymes. During nonbreeding season, melatonin implantation improved semen characteristics by increasing (P < 0.05) percentages of sperm with forward motility, viability, total motile sperm, and rapid motility, average path, curvilinear, and straight-line velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement and decreasing (P < 0.05) percentages of abnormal sperm and linearity index as compared to the control group. Furthermore, melatonin implantation increased (P < 0.05) seminal plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, and cholesterol and decreased (P < 0.05) seminal plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity. In addition, melatonin-implanted bulls exhibited an increase (P < 0.05) in red blood cells superoxide dismutase activity compared to untreated bulls. In conclusion, melatonin implantation successfully improved semen quality of buffalo bulls during nonbreeding season under tropical condition.
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Hundal J, Singh I, Wadhwa M, Singh C, Uppal C, Kaur G. Effect of Punica granatum and Tecomella undulata supplementation on nutrient utilization, enteric methane emission and growth performance of Murrah male buffaloes. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/109237/2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Duric D, Musa SO, Rasuly A, Anwar A, Edwards C, Singh I. 96A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ACUTELY UNWELL PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA: ANEURIN BEVAN UNIVERSITY HEALTH BOARD, WALES (UK). Age Ageing 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy202.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pandey AK, Gunwant P, Soni N, Kumar S, Kumar A, Magotra A, Singh I, Phogat JB, Sharma RK, Bangar Y, Ghuman SPS, Sahu SS. Genotype of MTNR1A gene regulates the conception rate following melatonin treatment in water buffalo. Theriogenology 2019; 128:1-7. [PMID: 30711643 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Buffaloes have tendency to show seasonal reproduction and remain in anestrus due to limited ovarian activity during summer. The seasonal reproductive behavior is ascribed the effect of melatonin related to photoperiod. Treating animals with melatonin could be a possible strategy to overcome the problem. The role of MTNR1A gene has not been fully explained in the buffalo. Therefore, we conducted a study on 114 buffalo heifers to detect the polymorphic site in MTNR1A gene and further treated them with melatonin implants to investigate the role of most frequent genotype following melatonin treatment on pregnancy. The present investigation is the first to investigate the association between melatonin treated different MTNR1A genotype buffalo and pregnancy. We confirmed SNP at position 72 in 812 bp fragment exon II of MTNR1A gene. RFLP of PCR products with Hpa I enzyme resulted in three genotypes: TT (812bp), CT (812, 743, 69bp) and CC (743, 69bp). Next, buffaloes of each genotype (TT, CC, CT; n = 28 for each) were treated with melatonin implants to compare the conception rate with their corresponding untreated control (n = 10 for each genotype). Melatonin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) for the treatment groups of all genotypes compared to their respective untreated control from day 1-28. The pregnancy rate was significantly associated with the MTNR1A genotype. The conception rate was higher (P < 0.05) for TT genotype than for the other genotypes of buffaloes treated with melatonin. Furthermore, buffaloes of TT genotype treated with melatonin started exhibiting estrus activity soon from second week of melatonin treatment (14.1 ± 2.1; range: 10-17 days) and were found to be 7.8 times more likely to become pregnant compared to other genotypes following melatonin treatment. In conclusion, TT genotype of MTNR1A gene is more sensitive to melatonin treatment that favours pregnancy in buffaloes during summer.
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Miller A, Singh I, Pilewski S, Petrovic V, Polgreen PM. 691. Real-Time Local Influenza Forecasting Using Smartphone-Connected Thermometer Readings. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018. [PMCID: PMC6254442 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy210.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion Disclosures
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Zadow E, Adams M, Wu S, Kitic C, Singh I, Kundur A, Bost N, Johnston A, Crilly J, Bulmer A, Halson S, Fell J. Too clot or not too clot? The influence of travel, marathon running and compression socks on blood clot risk. J Sci Med Sport 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Singh I, Tiganj Z, Howard MW. Is working memory stored along a logarithmic timeline? Converging evidence from neuroscience, behavior and models. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 153:104-110. [PMID: 29698768 PMCID: PMC6064661 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that short-term memory does not only store the identity of recently experienced stimuli, but also information about when they were presented. This representation of 'what' happened 'when' constitutes a neural timeline of recent past. Behavioral results suggest that people can sequentially access memories for the recent past, as if they were stored along a timeline to which attention is sequentially directed. In the short-term judgment of recency (JOR) task, the time to choose between two probe items depends on the recency of the more recent probe but not on the recency of the more remote probe. This pattern of results suggests a backward self-terminating search model. We review recent neural evidence from the macaque lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) (Tiganj, Cromer, Roy, Miller, & Howard, in press) and behavioral evidence from human JOR task (Singh & Howard, 2017) bearing on this question. Notably, both lines of evidence suggest that the timeline is logarithmically compressed as predicted by Weber-Fechner scaling. Taken together, these findings provide an integrative perspective on temporal organization and neural underpinnings of short-term memory.
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Abstract
SummaryA study conducted in rats exposed to a continuous noise of 110 decibels over a period of 3 weeks revealed development of significantly prolonged bleeding time, higher plasma fibrinogen content, and progressively shorter activated partial thromboplastin time in test animals. These changes suggest a coagulopathy induced by noise stress.
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Abstract
SummarySodium acetate buffer, 0.12 M, pH 7.4 as a diluent in the low temperature technique of dilute clot lysis time, is more effective in accelerating the velocity of lysis than phosphate buffer of similar pH and molarity. A uniform shape of the clot is maintained throughout the digestion in sodium acetate buffer and the end point of lysis is characteristically marked by an abrupt and sharply defined disintegration. Sodium acetate buffer can be employed advantageously in this technique not only to improve the observation but also to shorten the lysis times.
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Miller AC, Singh I, Koehler E, Polgreen PM. A Smartphone-Driven Thermometer Application for Real-time Population- and Individual-Level Influenza Surveillance. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 67:388-397. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
For almost 20 years planning for the mentally ill and mentally handicapped has focused on a shift of care from hospital to community, the advantages and difficulties of this process generating much discussion and interest. The hospital population of the mentally handicapped is currently at the forefront of this change, planning impetus now being propelled by alterations in funding with budgets being transferred from NHS to local and social services. One consequence is the closure, or planned closure, of large mental handicap hospitals situated at the periphery of urban centres, with residents being moved to small group homes and hostels within the towns and cities the hospitals once served. The change should prove beneficial for a majority of residents although the process continues to generate debate.
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Singh I, Khalid M, Dickinson M. Psychiatric admission services for people with learning disability. PSYCHIATRIC BULLETIN 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/pb.18.3.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As the care of people with learning disability has shifted from large Victorian hospitals to the community, provision for in-patient psychiatric treatment has, in many districts, also moved. Purpose built district or supra-district admission services represent the most common model. An alternative is the use of existing general psychiatric beds. In this article we describe the first 18 months of the Hillingdon district service where this latter model has been adopted.
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Singh I, Shakya S, Singh R, Goyal V, Srivastava A. Prevalence of hemochromatosis ( HFE ) gene mutations in Friedreich’s Ataxia patients and peripheral neuropathy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Memon M, Abbas F, Khaonolakar M, Dixon J, Singh I. Health Issues in Ethnic Minorities: Awareness and Action. J R Soc Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/014107680209500608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A key issue in health provision is the approach to health inequalities. In the UK, black and ethnic minority populations are disadvantaged in this respect. We obtained annual/public health reports from 13 health authorities (HAs) and 22 primary care trusts/groups (PCT/Gs) serving conurbations with large black and ethnic minority populations, and examined them for mention of special health issues for these groups and the action being taken. 22 of the 35 reports referred to such issues but only 17 referred to special initiatives; the most frequently mentioned were diabetes and coronary heart disease. We recommend that HAs and PCT/Gs serving large black and ethnic minority populations state specifically in their annual reports their awareness of health-equality issues and the action being taken to address them.
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Singh I, Oliva A, Howard M. Evidence for sequential access in visual long-term memory. J Vis 2017. [DOI: 10.1167/17.10.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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66
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Singh I, Swarup V, Shakya S, Goyal V, Faruq M, Srivastava AK. Single-step blood direct PCR: A robust and rapid method to diagnose triplet repeat disorders. J Neurol Sci 2017; 379:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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67
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Young C, Edwards C, Singh I. 48CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ACUTELY UNWELL PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA AND IT RELATIONSHIP TO THE HOSPITAL DESIGN. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx111.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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68
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Sharma RK, Phulia SK, Jerome A, Singh I. Ovsynch Plus protocol improves ovarian response in anovular Murrah buffaloes in low-breeding season. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:1030-1035. [PMID: 28691349 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of ovarian response and pregnancy rate in anovular buffaloes following Ovsynch and Ovsynch Plus protocols. Buffaloes (n = 55) were divided into two groups: Ovsynch group (n = 26): GnRH (10 μg, GnRH1) on Day 0, PGF2 α (25 mg) on Day 7, GnRH (10 μg, GnRH2) on Day 9; Ovsynch Plus group (n = 29): 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) 72 hr (day -3) prior to Ovsynch protocol, followed by fixed timed artificial insemination (FTAI) 6 and 24 hr after GnRH2 injection in bot groups. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed daily, that is, from day 0 and -3 in Ovsynch and Ovsynch Plus group, respectively for ovarian response and pregnancy diagnosis at day 30 post-insemination. In Ovsynch Plus group, administration of eCG prior to GnRH1 increased (p < .001) the diameter (mm) of dominant follicle (DF) from 10.15 ± 0.26 to 12.23 ± 0.34 within 72 hr of treatment resulting higher ovulatory response to GnRH1. Ovulation after GnRH1 was higher (p < .01) in Ovsynch Plus group (96.6%) than Ovsynch group (61.5%). However, ovulation rate to GnRH2 was similar (p > .05) between groups (Ovsynch group: 76.9% vs. Ovsynch Plus group: 70.0%). Mean DF diameter (mm) that ovulated to both GnRHs was higher (p < .01) than non-ovulated counterparts in both groups (Ovsynch group: 10.80 ± 0.27 vs. 8.47 ± 0.53; Ovsynch Plus group: 11.99 ± 0.24 vs. 9.5 ± 0.63). Pregnancy was established in buffaloes which responded to both GnRHs, irrespective of groups, being higher (p = .52) in Ovsynch Plus group (34.5%) than Ovsynch group (23.1%), though non-significant. In summary, this study showed that eCG inclusion prior to Ovsynch regimen improves ovulatory response in anovular buffaloes during low-breeding season.
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Rathore R, Sharma R, Phulia S, Mudgal V, Jerome A, Ghuman S, Singh I. Comparative efficacy of oestrus synchronization protocols in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1377-1382. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Aithal S, Sequeira R, Singh I. 159Prevalence Of Undiagnosed Vertebral/Fragility Fractures In Older People With Parkinsonism. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx062.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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71
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Aithal S, Patel P, Budihal D, Davies K, Ramakrishna S, Singh I. 131An Association Between Increasing Age And The Clinical Outcomes Of A Geriatrician-LED Emergency Frailty Unit (EFU) In An Enhanced Local General Hospital. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx068.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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72
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Chance P, Griffin J, Fernando P, Williamson K, Singh I. 160Rapid Assessment Interface And Discharge (Raid-Newport): Service Evaluation Of An Enhanced Older Adult Psychiatry Liaison Service. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx066.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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73
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Knight S, Singh I. 123INCIDENCE AND OUTCOME OF INPATIENT FALLS IN OLDER PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA ADMITTED TO A NEWLY BUILT 100% SINGLE-ROOM HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT AND EXISTING SERVICE MODEL OF MULTI-BEDDED WARDS WITHIN THE SAME HEALTH BOARD: A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx072.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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74
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Rozier L, Kaur M, Okeke J, Aithal S, Singh I. 108DEMENTIA EDUCATION AT THE EARLY STAGES OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING: IMPACT ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx071.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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75
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Karuppanasamy K, Sharma RK, Phulia SK, Jerome A, Kavya KM, Ghuman SPS, Kumar H, Singh I, Krishnaswamy N. Ovulatory and fertility response using modified Heatsynch and Ovsynch protocols in the anovular Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Theriogenology 2017; 95:83-88. [PMID: 28460685 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of modified Heatsynch and Ovsynch protocols on the ovulatory response (OR), estrus induction rate (EIR) and conception rate (CR) in the anovular postpartum Murrah buffalo (n = 35). In the modified Heatsynch protocol (Group I; n = 12), buffaloes were given two GnRH at 2 h interval on treatment day 0, PGF (PGF2α) on day 7 and estradiol (E2) 1 mg on day 8. Two FTAI were done at 20 h intervals after E2 administration. In the modified Ovsynch protocol (Group II; n = 15), GnRH was given on day 0, 7 and 16 with a PGF on day 14. Two FTAI were done; one at last GnRH and the other 20 h later. Group III served as untreated negative control (n = 8). During the treatment, ovarian changes were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography and plasma progesterone (P4) and E2. Administration of two GnRH at 2 h interval neither increased the OR nor strengthened the subsequent P4 priming. Interestingly, in group I, none of the buffalo ovulated to E2 though the EIR was 100% indicating the occurrence of behavioral, but not ovulatory estrus. Administration of GnRH 7 day prior to the commencement of Ovsynch protocol (Group II) did not improve the CR (21.4%), though the OR was 71.4%. No significant difference was found in the diameter of largest follicle between the ovulated and non-ovulated buffalo in response to GnRH suggesting that follicle of ≥9.5 mm is necessary but not sufficient to induce ovulation in the anovular buffalo. In both the protocols, the plasma P4 was higher on day 7 in those buffaloes that ovulated to GnRH. Buffaloes treated with modified Ovsynch regimens were 5.27 times more likely to become pregnant than modified Heatsynch protocol. It is concluded that modified Ovsynch protocol is superior to modified Heatsynch protocol in terms of OR and CR.
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76
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Douglas T, Pugh J, Singh I, Savulescu J, Fazel S. Risk assessment tools in criminal justice and forensic psychiatry: The need for better data. Eur Psychiatry 2017; 42:134-137. [PMID: 28371726 PMCID: PMC5408162 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Violence risk assessment tools are increasingly used within criminal justice and forensic psychiatry, however there is little relevant, reliable and unbiased data regarding their predictive accuracy. We argue that such data are needed to (i) prevent excessive reliance on risk assessment scores, (ii) allow matching of different risk assessment tools to different contexts of application, (iii) protect against problematic forms of discrimination and stigmatisation, and (iv) ensure that contentious demographic variables are not prematurely removed from risk assessment tools.
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Kavya K, Sharma R, Jerome A, Phulia S, Singh I. Anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicular count in early and delayed pubertal Murrah buffalo heifers. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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78
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Kumar R, Ghosh M, Kumar N, Balhara AK, Gupta M, Sharma RK, Singh I. Polymorphism in 5′ untranslated region of heat-shock protein 70 gene as marker of post-partum anoestrus in Murrah buffaloes. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:505-512. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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79
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Singh I, Shakya S, Singh RK, Ahmad I, Goyal V, Shukla G, Srivastava MVP, Faruq M, Srivastava AK. Iron related hemochromatosis (HFE) gene mutations in Friedreich Ataxia patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 34:71-72. [PMID: 27814974 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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80
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Shankar KH, Singh I, Howard MW. Neural Mechanism to Simulate a Scale-Invariant Future. Neural Comput 2016; 28:2594-2627. [PMID: 27626961 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Predicting the timing and order of future events is an essential feature of cognition in higher life forms. We propose a neural mechanism to nondestructively translate the current state of spatiotemporal memory into the future, so as to construct an ordered set of future predictions almost instantaneously. We hypothesize that within each cycle of hippocampal theta oscillations, the memory state is swept through a range of translations to yield an ordered set of future predictions through modulations in synaptic connections. Theoretically, we operationalize critical neurobiological findings from hippocampal physiology in terms of neural network equations representing spatiotemporal memory. Combined with constraints based on physical principles requiring scale invariance and coherence in translation across memory nodes, the proposition results in Weber-Fechner spacing for the representation of both past (memory) and future (prediction) timelines. We show that the phenomenon of phase precession of neurons in the hippocampus and ventral striatum correspond to the cognitive act of future prediction.
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Singh I, Narasimhan R, Ramamurty U. Cavitation-Induced Fracture Causes Nanocorrugations in Brittle Metallic Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:044302. [PMID: 27494475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.044302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Brittle metallic glasses exhibit a unique and intriguing fracture morphology of periodic nanocorrugations whose spacing and amplitude are of the order of tens of nanometers. We show through continuum simulations that they fail by spontaneous and simultaneous cavitation within multiple weak zones arising due to intrinsic atomic density fluctuations ahead of a notch tip. Dynamic crack growth would then occur along curved but narrowly confined shear bands that link the growing cavities. This mechanism involves little dissipation and also explains the formation of nanocorrugations.
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Buragohain L, Kumar R, Nanda T, Phulia SK, Mohanty AK, Kumar S, Balhara S, Ghuman SPS, Singh I, Balhara AK. Serum MX2 Protein as Candidate Biomarker for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Buffalo. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:453-60. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abramowicz H, Abt I, Adamczyk L, Adamus M, Antonelli S, Aushev V, Behnke O, Behrens U, Bertolin A, Bhadra S, Bloch I, Boos E, Brock I, Brook N, Brugnera R, Bruni A, Bussey P, Caldwell A, Capua M, Catterall C, Chwastowski J, Ciborowski J, Ciesielski R, Cooper-Sarkar A, Corradi M, Dementiev R, Devenish R, Dusini S, Foster B, Gach G, Gallo E, Garfagnini A, Geiser A, Gizhko A, Gladilin L, Golubkov Y, Grzelak G, Guzik M, Gwenlan C, Hain W, Hlushchenko O, Hochman D, Hori R, Ibrahim Z, Iga Y, Ishitsuka M, Januschek F, Jomhari N, Kadenko I, Kananov S, Karshon U, Kaur P, Kisielewska D, Klanner R, Klein U, Korzhavina I, Kotański A, Kötz U, Kovalchuk N, Kowalski H, Krupa B, Kuprash O, Kuze M, Levchenko B, Levy A, Limentani S, Lisovyi M, Lobodzinska E, Löhr B, Lohrmann E, Longhin A, Lontkovskyi D, Lukina O, Makarenko I, Malka J, Mastroberardino A, Mohamad Idris F, Mohammad Nasir N, Myronenko V, Nagano K, Nobe T, Nowak R, Onishchuk Y, Paul E, Perlański W, Pokrovskiy N, Polini A, Przybycień M, Roloff P, Ruspa M, Saxon D, Schioppa M, Schneekloth U, Schörner-Sadenius T, Shcheglova L, Shevchenko R, Shkola O, Shyrma Y, Singh I, Skillicorn I, Słomiński W, Solano A, Stanco L, Stefaniuk N, Stern A, Stopa P, Sztuk-Dambietz J, Tassi E, Tokushuku K, Tomaszewska J, Tsurugai T, Turcato M, Turkot O, Tymieniecka T, Verbytskyi A, Wan Abdullah W, Wichmann K, Wing M, Yamada S, Yamazaki Y, Zakharchuk N, Żarnecki A, Zawiejski L, Zenaiev O, Zhautykov B, Zotkin D. Combined QCD and electroweak analysis of HERA data. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.93.092002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lavania M, Nigam A, Turankar R, Singh I, Gupta P, Kumar S, Sengupta U, John A. Emergence of primary drug resistance to rifampicin in Mycobacterium leprae strains from leprosy patients in India. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:e85-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vilches-Moraga A, Martinez-Velilla N, Cherubini A, McMurdo M, Singh I, Pattison T. Clinical practice guidelines and the older patient: Wake up call for geriatricians. Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Okeke J, Edwards C, Singh I. 36IMPACT OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ON INPATIENT FALLS IN SINGLE ROOM SETTING AND ITS ADVERSE OUTCOMES. Age Ageing 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv106.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Bevan V, Edwards C, Woodhouse K, Singh I. 67DELIVERING DIGNITY IN PRACTICE IN CARE FOR OLDER PEOPLE: SINGLE ROOMS OR MULTI-BEDDED WARDS? Age Ageing 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv114.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Aithal S, Kaur M, Singh I. 54DOES DEMENTIA TRAINING CHANGE ATTITUDES AND COMPETENCE IN DEMENTIA CARE AMONG FOUNDATION YEAR TRAINEES? A PILOT STUDY:. Age Ageing 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv111.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Okeke J, Subhan Z, Twine C, Edwards T, Morgan K, Singh I. 41THE IMPACT OF A SYSTEMATIC NURSE TRAINING PROGRAMME ON FALLS RISK ASSESSMENT AND FALLS INCIDENCE: A STUDY BASED IN A 100% SINGLE-ROOM ELDERLY CARE ENVIRONMENT:. Age Ageing 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv106.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Singh I, Faruq M, Padma MV, Goyal V, Behari M, Grover A, Mukerji M, Srivastava AK. Investigation of mitochondrial DNA variations among Indian Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) patients. Mitochondrion 2015; 25:1-5. [PMID: 26321457 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The loss of function mutations (biallelic) in frataxin (FXN) has primarily been implicated in Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia. The protein product of FXN is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein required for the biogenesis of iron- clusters (Fe-S). FRDA is characterized by neurological and non-neurological features which show variable expression in affected individuals. An inverse relationship has been demonstrated between GAA repeat size and age at onset and explains 50% variability of the age at onset. MtDNA variations and haplogroups could be one of the contributory factors to explain the remaining heterogeneity in FRDA, since mitochondrial oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of FRDA. METHODS In our study, targeted resequencing of the D-loop and coding region of mitochondrial genes (ND1-6 and ATP) was conducted in 30 genetically confirmed FRDA patients and 62 ethnicity-matched unrelated healthy controls to identify the functionally important mtDNA variations and to trace the mitochondrial lineage of Indian FRDA patients. Cumulative mitochondrial SNP scores were computed for the identified variations in the functional region and haplogroups were determined by Haplogrep. RESULTS A significantly higher load of overall mitochondrial variations (with a trend toward the coding region) per individual was noted among FRDA cases rather than controls (p-value<0.03). A non-synonymous variation (p. L237M) in ND2 was over-represented among FRDA cases (p-value 0.04). This variation has a reported association with longevity and myocardial infarction. We also observed over-representation of H haplogroup (Caucasian mitochondrial haplogroup) among FRDA patients. We have not observed the influence of mitochondrial variations and haplogroup upon age at onset of FRDA. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study identifies the functionally important variations and mitochondrial lineage of Indian FRDA cases and, that underscores the importance of studying the role of mitochondrial genome variations in FRDA.
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Singh I, Nagiec EE, Thompson JM, Krzyzanski W, Singh P. A Systems Pharmacology Model of Erythropoiesis in Mice Induced by Small Molecule Inhibitor of Prolyl Hydroxylase Enzymes. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26225228 PMCID: PMC4360669 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian erythropoiesis is a conserved process tightly controlled by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1) pathway. In this study, a small molecule inhibitor (PHI-1) of prolyl-hydroxylase-2 (PHD2) enzyme involved in regulating HIF1α levels was orally administered to male BALB/c mice at 10 and 30 mg/kg. A systems pharmacology model was developed based on the measured PHI-1 plasma exposures, kidney HIF1α, kidney erythropoietin (EPO) mRNA, plasma EPO, reticulocyte counts, red blood cells, and hemoglobin levels. The model fit resulted in the estimation of drug potency (IC50: 1.7μM), and systems parameters such as EPO mRNA turnover (kdeg_EPOmRNA: 0.43 hr-1) and mean lifespan of reticulocytes (Tr: 81 hours). The model correctly described the observed 30–40-fold increase in kidney HIF1α protein, ∼1,000 fold increase in EPO mRNA and 2–3-fold increase in the reticulocytes at 30 mg/kg. This study presents the first parsimonious systems model of erythropoiesis to quantitatively describe the in vivo effects of PHD2 inhibition.
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Singh I, Choudhary A. Piperine and Derivatives: Trends in Structure-Activity Relationships. Curr Top Med Chem 2015; 15:1722-34. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150427123213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Varte LR, Rawat S, Singh I, Majumdar D. Testing the Furniture Dimension Match Levels with Anthropometry among Indian Working Women of Defence Laboratories. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2015; 6:122-4. [PMID: 25890606 PMCID: PMC6977038 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2015.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Achuthan S, Singh I, Varthya SB, Srinivasan A, Chakrabarti A, Hota D. Gabapentin prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting in abdominal surgeries: a quantitative analysis of evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials. Br J Anaesth 2015; 114:588-97. [PMID: 25571932 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is frequently encountered in the surgical recovery room. Abdominal surgery is one important risk factor for increased incidence of PONV. Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant with known postoperative analgesic properties, has shown some activity against PONV. Results from clinical trials evaluating the anti-emetic efficacy of gabapentin are conflicting. The present meta-analysis was performed to examine this issue. METHODS Seventeen randomized placebo-controlled trials reporting PONV with preoperative gabapentin administration in patients undergoing abdominal surgery were included for analysis. Outcomes evaluated were nausea, vomiting, composite PONV and the use of rescue anti-emetic medication in the postoperative period. RESULTS The pooled relative risk (RR), estimated using the random effects model of the metafor package for R, was 0.76 (95% CI 0.58-0.98) for nausea, 0.62 (0.45-0.85) for vomiting, 0.71 (0.39-1.28) for data represented as composite PONV (possibly biased by a single study, as observed in the sensitivity analysis), and 0.6 (0.41-0.89) for rescue anti-emetic use. There was a significant RR reduction for nausea and vomiting when propofol was not used as induction and/or maintenance for anaesthesia. In the abdominal hysterectomy subgroup, there was a significant RR reduction for vomiting but not for nausea. DISCUSSION The present analysis provides evidence supporting preoperative gabapentin as a pharmacotherapy for prevention of PONV in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. Future studies comparing preoperative gabapentin with 5HT3 antagonists are needed to precisely define its role in PONV.
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Oberoi HK, Gupta AK, Kaur S, Singh I. Stage specific upregulation of antioxidant defence system in leaves for regulating drought tolerance in chickpea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.31018/jans.v6i2.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Leaf is one of the early sensors for the drought stress and is important to study drought tolerance mechanism. Activities of antioxidative enzymes and status of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline and total phenols were studied in leaves of drought tolerant (PDG 3 and PDG 4) and susceptible (PBG 1, GPF 2, PBG 5, L 550 and BG1053) chickpea cultivars under irrigated and rainfed conditions at different development stages. In general, with the age of plant, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased but the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POX) decreased in leaves. With some exceptions, in general, higher status of APX and POX in leaves at vegetative stage I (30 days after sowing) and II (60 days after sowing); GR at vegetative stage II and pre-flowering stage and SOD and CAT at seed filling stages in tolerant cultivars under drought stress reflected stage specific upregulation of antioxidant defence system in them. The relatively lower activities of APX and POX in old leaves during seed filling stage make them more prone to enhanced oxidative injury than the young leaves. Lower content of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in leaves of tolerant cultivars during seed filling reflects the impact of antioxidant defence system operative at that time. The higher accumulation of proline and total phenol in leaves of tolerant cultivars might be playing important role in drought stress tolerance. These results indicated the importance of upregulation of different antioxidant enzymes at variable stages of leaf development.
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Ramadan T, Sharma R, Phulia S, Balhara A, Ghuman S, Singh I. Effectiveness of melatonin and controlled internal drug release device treatment on reproductive performance of buffalo heifers during out-of-breeding season under tropical conditions. Theriogenology 2014; 82:1296-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Okeke J, Twine C, Singh I. 14 * FALLS ASSESSMENT IN AN ACUTE AND REHABILITATION HOSPITAL. HOW WELL ARE WE PERFORMING ? Age Ageing 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afu124.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Okeke J, Aithal S, Edwards C, Ramakrishna S, Singh I. 15 * OUTCOME OF INPATIENT FALLS IN SINGLE BEDDED AND MULTI-BEDDED BAYS. Age Ageing 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afu124.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abramowicz H, Abt I, Adamczyk L, Adamus M, Aggarwal R, Antonelli S, Arslan O, Aushev V, Aushev Y, Bachynska O, Barakbaev A, Bartosik N, Behnke O, Behr J, Behrens U, Bertolin A, Bhadra S, Bloch I, Bokhonov V, Boos E, Borras K, Brock I, Brugnera R, Bruni A, Brzozowska B, Bussey P, Caldwell A, Capua M, Catterall C, Chwastowski J, Ciborowski J, Ciesielski R, Cooper-Sarkar A, Corradi M, Corriveau F, D’Agostini G, Dementiev R, Devenish R, Dolinska G, Drugakov V, Dusini S, Ferrando J, Figiel J, Foster B, Gach G, Garfagnini A, Geiser A, Gizhko A, Gladilin L, Gogota O, Golubkov Y, Grebenyuk J, Gregor I, Grzelak G, Gueta O, Guzik M, Hain W, Hartner G, Hochman D, Hori R, Ibrahim Z, Iga Y, Ishitsuka M, Iudin A, Januschek F, Kadenko I, Kananov S, Kanno T, Karshon U, Kaur M, Kaur P, Khein L, Kisielewska D, Klanner R, Klein U, Kondrashova N, Kononenko O, Korol I, Korzhavina I, Kotański A, Kötz U, Kovalchuk N, Kowalski H, Kuprash O, Kuze M, Levchenko B, Levy A, Libov V, Limentani S, Lisovyi M, Lobodzinska E, Lohmann W, Löhr B, Lohrmann E, Longhin A, Lontkovskyi D, Lukina O, Maeda J, Makarenko I, Malka J, Martin J, Mergelmeyer S, Mohamad Idris F, Mujkic K, Myronenko V, Nagano K, Nigro A, Nobe T, Notz D, Nowak R, Olkiewicz K, Onishchuk Y, Paul E, Perlański W, Perrey H, Pokrovskiy N, Proskuryakov A, Przybycień M, Raval A, Roloff P, Rubinsky I, Ruspa M, Samojlov V, Saxon D, Schioppa M, Schmidke W, Schneekloth U, Schörner-Sadenius T, Schwartz J, Shcheglova L, Shevchenko R, Shkola O, Singh I, Skillicorn I, Słomiński W, Sola V, Solano A, Spiridonov A, Stanco L, Stefaniuk N, Stern A, Stewart T, Stopa P, Sztuk-Dambietz J, Szuba D, Szuba J, Tassi E, Temiraliev T, Tokushuku K, Tomaszewska J, Trofymov A, Trusov V, Tsurugai T, Turcato M, Turkot O, Tymieniecka T, Verbytskyi A, Viazlo O, Walczak R, Wan Abdullah W, Wichmann K, Wing M, Wolf G, Yamada S, Yamazaki Y, Zakharchuk N, Żarnecki A, Zawiejski L, Zenaiev O, Zhautykov B, Zhmak N, Zotkin D. Deep inelastic cross-section measurements at largeywith the ZEUS detector at HERA. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.90.072002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kumar P, Saxena A, Singh SK, Sharma RK, Singh I, Agarwal SK. Identification of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins by peptide mass fingerprinting in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). INDIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOPHYSICS 2014; 51:326-330. [PMID: 25296505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ruminant placentas synthesize pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) during pregnancy, which serve as biomarkers of pregnancy. The present study was conducted to verify, whether PAGs are expressed in buffalo placenta by using lectin-based affinity chromatography and peptide mass finger printing (PMF). Fetal cotyledonary tissues were collected from gravid uteri procured from slaughtered house. Proteins were extracted and subjected to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin affinity chromatography to isolate the PAGs. The isolated glycoproteins were separated by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE. PMF results of the 75 kDa protein revealed presence of two PAGs (PAG-7 and -11). The PAG-7 consisted of about 170 mass signals, of which 16 were assigned to corresponding/translated cDNA sequences of buffalo PAG-7, leading to sequence coverage of 40%. PMF result of PAG-11 showed 170 mass signals, of which 15 were assigned to buffalo PAG-11, leading to sequence coverage of 34%. In conclusion, the glycoprotein isolated from placental extract corresponding to 75 kDa band on SDS PAGE gel was a mixture of PAG-7 and -11, which may help in development of suitable diagnostics for pregnancy in buffalo.
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