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Choe JW, Kim KD, Moon YT, Kwon JK, Chang IH, Kim JH, Choi JD, Ahn SH, Kim MS, Ryu JH, Lee SY, Park SH. MP21-05 DUAL INHIBITION BY S6K1 AND ELF4E IS ESSENTIAL FOR CONTROLLING CELLULAR GROWTH AND INVASION IN BLADDER CANCER. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Choe JW, Kim KD, Moon YT, Kwon JK, Chang IH, Kim JH, Choi JD, Ahn SH, Kim MS, Lee SY, Ryu JH, Park SH. PD36-03 WITHDRAWN: EFFICACY OF LOW DOSE NONENHANCED ABDOMINOPELVIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY WITH ITERATIVE RECONSTRUCTION IN DIAGNOSIS OF UROLITHIASIS. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Choe JW, Kim KD, Moon YT, Kwon JK, Chang IH, Kim JH, Choi JD, Ahn SH, Kim MS, Lee SY, Ryu JH, Park SH. MP21-04 ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ORTHOTOPIC MOUSE NON-MUSCLE INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER MODEL EXPRESSING THE MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN SIGNALING PATHWAY. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Choi JD, Park JW, Lee HW, Lee DG, Jeong BC, Jeon SS, Lee HM, Choi HY, Seo SI. A comparison of surgical and functional outcomes of robot-assisted versus pure laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. JSLS 2013; 17:292-9. [PMID: 23925024 PMCID: PMC3771797 DOI: 10.4293/108680813x13693422521359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is emerging as an alternative to laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) for the treatment of small renal tumors. We compare the results of LPN and RAPN performed by a single surgeon. METHODS Data from 100 consecutive patients who underwent LPN (n=52) or RAPN (n=48) performed by a single experienced laparoscopic surgeon between October 2007 and June 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Perioperative data, including clinical, pathological, and functional outcomes, were compared between the LPN and RAPN groups. RESULTS No significant differences were found between groups with regard to mean estimated blood loss, main operation time, warm ischemic time, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, hospital stay, or percent reduction of hemoglobin. The mean duration of follow-up was 16.2 months for LPN patients versus 8.9 months for RAPN patients (P<.001). With respect to the clamping method, more artery-only clamping occurred during RAPN than LPN (38.5 vs 75%, respectively, P=.001). The mean pathological tumor volume for LPN was 4.0 cm(3) vs 8.2 cm(3) for RAPN (P=.006). The mean resected healthy tissue volume was 25.1 cm(3) for LPN versus 16.1 cm(3) for RAPN (P=.044). There were no significant differences in positive margins or changes in renal function between the 2 cohorts. CONCLUSION RAPN is a comparable and alternative option to LPN, providing equivalent oncological and functional outcomes, as well as comparable morbidity to LPN. Although RAPN could offer the advantages of saving more healthy marginal tissue, longer-term and larger studies are necessary to evaluate the functional advantages.
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Lee KK, Cho JJ, Park EJ, Choi JD. Anti-elastase and anti-hyaluronidase of phenolic substance from Areca catechu as a new anti-ageing agent. Int J Cosmet Sci 2012; 23:341-6. [PMID: 18498484 DOI: 10.1046/j.0412-5463.2001.00102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously screened 150 medicinal plants for the inhibition of elastase and found significant inhibitory effects of the extracts of Areca catechu L. on the ageing and inflammation of skin tissues. To isolate and identify the compounds having biological activity, they were further purified by each fraction of solvents, silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC and reversed-phase HPLC. The peak in HPLC, which coincided with the inhibitory activity against elastase, was identified as a phenolic substance by using various colorimetric methods, UV and IR. IC(50) values of this phenolic substance were 26.9 mug mL(-1) for porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and 60.8 mug mL(-1) for human neutrophil elastase (HNE). This phenolic substance showed more potent activity than that of reference compounds, oleanolic acid (76.5 mug mL(-1) for PPE, 219.2 mug mL(-1) for HNE) and ursolic acid (31.0 mug mL(-1) for PPE, 118.6 mug mL(-1) for HNE). According to the Lineweaver-Burk plots, the inhibition against both PPE and HNE by this phenolic substance was competitive inhibition with the substrate. The phenolic substance from A. catechu effectively inhibited hyaluronidase activity (IC(50) : 210 mug mL(-1) ). These results suggest that the phenolic substance purified from A. catechu has an anti-ageing effect by protecting connective tissue proteins.
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Choi JD, Ryu M, Ae Park M, Jeong G, Lee JS. FIP200 inhibits β-catenin-mediated transcription by promoting APC-independent β-catenin ubiquitination. Oncogene 2012; 32:2421-32. [PMID: 22751121 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase-family-interacting protein of 200 kDa (FIP200) has been shown to regulate multiple cellular functions, including cell adhesion, autophagy, development and proliferation. Furthermore, FIP200 is considered to have tumor-suppressive activity, which may be correlated with its inactivation in human breast cancers, in addition to its role as an important signal transduction node. Herein, we report that FIP200 interacts with the oncoprotein β-catenin. Moreover, FIP200 promotes destabilization of wild-type β-catenin, but not a cancer-causing form of β-catenin, and as a result represses the β-catenin-mediated transcription. FIP200-induced degradation of β-catenin is independent of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) of the well-established β-catenin destruction complex (glycogen synthase kinase-3β/axin/APC), in a component of β-catenin E3 ubiquitin ligase, β-TrCP-dependent manner. Thus, the APC-independent β-catenin degradation by FIP200 suggests a role for FIP200 in tumor suppression in the presence of APC dysfunction. These findings reveal a new and important function of FIP200 in regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Cha WH, Choi JD, Kim KH, Seo YJ, Lee K. Comparison and efficacy of low-dose and standard-dose tamsulosin and alfuzosin in medical expulsive therapy for lower ureteral calculi: prospective, randomized, comparative study. Korean J Urol 2012; 53:349-54. [PMID: 22670195 PMCID: PMC3364475 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.5.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Typically in Korea, for a standard dose (0.4 mg) of tamsulosin, two low doses (0.2 mg) are administered. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of tamsulosin (0.2 mg and 0.4 mg) and alfuzosin (10 mg) in the treatment of lower ureteral stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 141 patients presenting with a single 4- to 10-mm sized lower ureteral stone were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Patients in group 1 (n=41) and group 2 (n=30) received an oral dose of 0.2 mg tamsulosin once and twice daily, respectively, and patients in group 3 (n=36) received a daily oral dose of 10 mg alfuzosin. Patients in group 4 (n=34) received trospium chloride only. The spontaneous passage of stones, the stone expulsion time, and adverse effects were evaluated. RESULTS There were no significant differences in patient background, including age, sex, BMI, stone size, stone side, and symptom duration. The spontaneous stone passage rate through the ureter was higher and the stone expulsion time was faster in groups 1, 2, and 3 than in group 4. There were no statistically different changes in groups 1, 2, and 3. The adverse effects observed in all groups were comparable and were mild. CONCLUSIONS Tamsulosin at 0.2 mg and 0.4 mg and alfuzosin (10 mg) proved to be safe and effective. A first cycle of medical expulsive therapy with tamsulosin 0.2 mg could be considered as an option in the management of single lower ureteral stone.
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Lee KS, Choi JD. Chronic prostatitis: approaches for best management. Korean J Urol 2012; 53:69-77. [PMID: 22379583 PMCID: PMC3285711 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostatitis is a prevalent condition that encompasses a large array of clinical symptoms with significant impacts on men's life. The diagnosis and treatment of this disorder presents numerous challenges for urologists, most notably, a lack of specific and effective diagnostic methods. Chronic bacterial prostatitis is successfully treated with appropriate antibiotics that penetrate the prostate and kill the causative organisms. Prostatitis category III (chronic pelvic pain syndrome) is common, very bothersome, and enigmatic. Symptoms are usually prolonged and, generally speaking, treatment results are unsatisfactory. During the last decade, research has focused on the distress caused by the condition, but although our knowledge has certainly increased, there have been no real breakthroughs; controversies and many unanswered questions remain. Furthermore, the optimal management of category III prostatitis is not known. Conventional prolonged courses of antibiotic therapy have not proven to be efficacious. Novel therapies providing some evidence for efficacy include alpha-blocker, anti-inflammatory phytotherapy, physiotherapy, neuroleptics, and others, each offering therapeutic mechanisms. A stepwise approach involving multimodal therapy is often successful for treating patients. The UPOINT technique has been used to clinically phenotype these patients and drive the appropriate selection of multimodal therapy.
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Choi JD, Park JW, Lee SY, Jeong BC, Jeon SS, Lee HM, Choi HY, Seo SI. Does prolonged warm ischemia after partial nephrectomy under pneumoperitoneum cause irreversible damage to the affected kidney? J Urol 2012; 187:802-6. [PMID: 22245321 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We determined the effects of warm ischemia time on the recovery of renal function after partial nephrectomy under pneumoperitoneum. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study 37 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy or robot-assisted partial nephrectomy between June 2008 and May 2009 to remove a single cT1 renal tumor were evaluated using (99m)Tc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid renal scintigraphy preoperatively, and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS The most significant reduction in the glomerular filtration rate of the affected kidney at 3 and 12 months after surgery (p = 0.018, p = 0.036, respectively) was seen for a warm ischemia time cutoff of 28 minutes. The glomerular filtration rate of the affected kidney was consistently and significantly reduced at 3 and 12 months postoperatively (-22.4% to -30.6%, p <0.001) in patients with a warm ischemia time greater than 28 minutes. In contrast, no significant glomerular filtration rate change was seen in patients with a warm ischemia time of 28 minutes or less. In terms of the contributional change of the affected kidney to total renal function, there is a trend toward a recovery after an initial decrease in both groups with a warm ischemia time greater than 28 minutes vs 28 minutes or less. On multivariate analysis warm ischemia time was a strong independent predictor of glomerular filtration rate reduction even 12 months after surgery (β = -1.3; 95% CI -1.8, -0.7; p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS If the warm ischemia time is greater than 28 minutes during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy or robot-assisted partial nephrectomy, the functional damage to the affected kidney progresses even up to 1 year after surgery.
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Lee SY, Choi JD, Seo SI. Current status of partial nephrectomy for renal mass. Korean J Urol 2011; 52:301-9. [PMID: 21687388 PMCID: PMC3106161 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2011.52.5.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard treatment for a small mass has shifted from radical nephrectomy to partial nephrectomy. The benefits of partial nephrectomy, including preserving renal function, prolonging overall survival, preventing postoperative chronic kidney disease, and reducing cardiovascular events, have been discussed in many studies. With the accumulation of surgeons' experience and simplification of the operative procedures, the warm ischemic time has become shorter despite the indication of tumor size becoming larger. With the help of intraoperative ultrasound, partial nephrectomy can be performed for an endophytic renal mass. Recently, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy has become well indicated for most renal tumors in many centers with advanced laparoscopic expertise. Open partial nephrectomy remains indicated for complex tumors. With technical innovation, robotic partial nephrectomy shows at least comparable perioperative outcomes with a benefit for challenging cases. Laparoendoscopic single-site partial nephrectomy has recently been tried in limited indications and seems to be feasible.
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Choi JD, La Choi Y, Kim HS, Seo SI, Jeon SS, Lee HM, Jeong BC. Primary extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the seminal vesicle: a case report and literature review. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2011; 93:e6-8. [PMID: 21944784 PMCID: PMC5827007 DOI: 10.1308/003588411x13008879168577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EOS) is a rare tumour. An EOS of the seminal vesicle has not been reported in the literature. We describe a case of a seminal vesicle EOS initially detected as a pre-rectal mass on a routine transrectal ultrasound in a 48-year-old man. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the tumour to be arising from the left seminal vesicle. A robot-assisted laparoscopic seminal vesiculectomy was performed to avoid neurovascular bundle injury. Microscopic examination of the resected specimen showed a poorly differentiated osteosarcoma originating from the seminal vesicle. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. He is doing well without voiding or erectile dysfunction and he is tumour-free five months after surgery.
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Choi JD, Park JW, Kim HS, Lee SY, Park SY, Kim WJ, Lee JS, Jeong BC, Jeon SS, Lee HM, Choi HY, Seo SI. 530 DOES PROLONGED WARM ISCHEMIA CAUSE IRREVERSIBLE RENAL DAMAGE IN AFFECTED KIDNEY AFTER PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY UNDER PNEUMOPERITONEUM? J Urol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Choi JD, Kim HS, Ju SH, Lee SY, Han DH, Jeong BC. Initial experience with LESS and hybrid LESS in patients with benign urologic disease. MINIM INVASIV THER 2011; 21:63-70. [PMID: 21332257 DOI: 10.3109/13645706.2010.543982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We report our initial experience with 100 laparoendoscopic single site (LESS) and hybrid LESS procedures for benign urologic disease. Between December 2008 and April 2010, we performed LESS and hybrid LESS urologic procedures in 100 cases for various benign urologic diseases. Conversion to standard laparoscopy was necessary in six cases, conversion to hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery occurred in one case, and conversion to open surgery was necessary in one case. Intra- and postoperative complications occurred in nine and four cases, respectively. Totally, the mean operative time was 170 minutes, the mean blood loss was 221 ml, and the mean hospital stay was 5.1 days. The mean patient controlled anesthesia (PCA) equivalents used were 81.5 ml and the mean Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAPS) scores at postoperative day 1 and discharge were 3.8 and 2.1, respectively. The study was limited by retrospective design and short-term follow-up periods. LESS and hybrid LESS procedures are technically feasible in a variety of ablative and reconstructive applications of benign urologic diseases. However, apparent benefits of LESS surgical techniques over conventional laparoscopy are needed to be further explored.
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Choi JD, Park JW, Choi JY, Kim HS, Jeong BC, Jeon SS, Lee HM, Choi HY, Seo SI. Renal Damage Caused by Warm Ischaemia During Laparoscopic and Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy: An Assessment Using Tc 99m-DTPA Glomerular Filtration Rate. Eur Urol 2010; 58:900-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kim HS, Jeon SS, Choi JD, Kim W, Han DH, Jeong BC, Seo SI, Lee KS, Lee SW, Lee HM, Choi HY. Detection rates of nonpalpable prostate cancer in Korean men with prostate-specific antigen levels between 2.5 and 4.0 ng/mL. Urology 2010; 76:919-22. [PMID: 20303152 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the detection rate and pathology of cancer in Korean men with low levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), 2.5-4.0 ng/mL. METHODS We examined 1097 patients with PSA level of 2.5-10.0 ng/mL, who underwent transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate needle biopsies between January 2008 and March 2009. Of the 1097 biopsy patients, 815 met our criteria of benign findings by digital rectal examination and the absence of cancerous lesions by TRUS. Clinical characteristics and detection rates of prostate cancer, as well as the pathology of specimens obtained by needle biopsies and prostatectomies, were evaluated in these patients. RESULTS Of the 815 patients, 349 had group 1 (PSA level, 2.5-4.0 ng/mL) and 466 had group 2 (PSA level, 4.0-10.0 ng/mL). The percentage of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer was not statistically different between the 2 groups (21.8% in group 1, and 20.2% in group 2). In group 1, 70.7% of patients had a pathologic Gleason score of 7 or higher and 91.4% had organ-confined tumors (pT2). The pathologic characteristics, including Gleason score, pathologic stage, and percentage of insignificant cancer were similar in prostatectomy specimens between group 1 and group 2. CONCLUSIONS Detection rates of nonpalpable prostate cancer in Korean men were 21.8% in group 1 and 20.2% in group 2 without statistically significant difference. Pathologic characteristics of prostatectomy specimens also were similar between group 1 and group 2. These results suggest that a lower PSA level might be considered as an indication for prostate biopsy.
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Choi JD, Koh SB, Kim DY. Comparison of Urethral Length and Anterior Vaginal Wall Thickness between Continent and Incontinent Women. Korean J Urol 2009. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2009.50.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kim DY, Choi JD. Change of sexual function after midurethral sling procedure for stress urinary incontinence. Int J Urol 2008; 15:716-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2008.02108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yoo ES, Kim HT, Choi JD, Kim DY, Sea JH, Chung SK, Kim BW, Park YK, Kwon TG. 1681: Comparison of the Two Different Approaches for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence. J Urol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(18)31869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Choi JD, Lee ES. Sclerosing Lipogranuloma by Subcutaneous Injection of Squalene into Penis. Korean J Urol 2007. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2007.48.1.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Choi JD, Underkoffler LA, Collins JN, Marchegiani SM, Terry NA, Beechey CV, Oakey RJ. Microarray expression profiling of tissues from mice with uniparental duplications of chromosomes 7 and 11 to identify imprinted genes. Mamm Genome 2001; 12:758-64. [PMID: 11668390 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-001-3027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2001] [Accepted: 06/13/2001] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microarray analysis allows the screening of thousands of identifiable genes in a single experiment. The challenge of this approach is to combine the new technology with established genetic tools to associate genes with specific biological function. In this study we have designed a screen to identify imprinted genes from mice with uniparental duplications of proximal Chromosomes (Chrs) 7 and 11, using microarray analysis. By comparing the expression patterns in embryonic and newborn tissues of maternally versus paternally inherited proximal Chrs 7 and 11, we have correctly identified four out of five known imprinted genes represented on a microarray. We have additionally identified two novel imprinted candidate genes as well as a differentially expressed clone that is a potential downstream target. Interpretation of the microarray data requires careful preparation of age- and strain-matched samples and attention to detail in tissue dissection technique.
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Oh KJ, Park EJ, Yoon MY, Han TR, Choi JD. Roles of histidine residues in tobacco acetolactate synthase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 282:1237-43. [PMID: 11302749 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine in plants and microorganisms. ALS is the target of several structurally diverse classes of herbicides, including sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, and triazolopyrimidines. The roles of three well-conserved histidine residues (H351, H392, and H487) in tobacco ALS were determined using site-directed mutagenesis. Both H487F and H487L mutations abolished the enzymatic activity as well as the binding affinity for the cofactor FAD. Nevertheless, the mutation of H487F did not affect the secondary structure of the ALS. The K(m) values of H351M, H351Q, and H351F are approximately 18-, 60-, and fivefold higher than that of the wild-type ALS, respectively. Moreover, the K(c) value of H351Q for FAD is about 137-fold higher than that of wALS. Mutants H351M and H351Q showed very strong resistance to Londax (a sulfonylurea) and Cadre (an imidazolinone), whereas mutant H351F was weakly resistant to them. However, the secondary structures of mutants H351M and H351Q appeared to be different from that of wALS. The mutation of H392M did not have any significant effect on the kinetic parameters nor the resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. These results suggest that the His487 residue is located at the active site of the enzyme and is likely involved in the binding of cofactor FAD in tobacco ALS. Mutational analyses of the His351 residue imply that the active site of the ALS is probably close to its binding site of the herbicides, Londax and Cadre.
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Han YH, Chung YH, Kim TY, Hong SJ, Choi JD, Chung YJ. Crystallization of Clonorchis sinensis 26 kDa glutathione S-transferase and its fusion proteins with peptides of different lengths. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2001; 57:579-81. [PMID: 11264588 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444900019314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2000] [Accepted: 11/30/2000] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A Clonorchis sinensis 26 kDa glutathione S-transferase (CsGST) and its fusion proteins containing 14 and 48 amino-acid peptides at the N-terminus have been crystallized using polyethylene glycol monomethylether 550 as a precipitant. Crystals of the three proteins show very similar crystal properties: they diffract to at least 2.3 A resolution and belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1). The unit-cell parameters of CsGST crystals were a = 66.64 (1), b = 68.91 (1), c = 123.41 (2) A, which are very close to those of the crystals of the two fusion proteins. In addition, CsGST fusion proteins containing varying extents of N-terminal-extended peptides are incorporated into a crystal, indicating that the extended peptides have little effect on crystal packing. These results suggest that the crystallization system of CsGST/peptide fusion protein may be generally applicable to obtain crystals of small peptides.
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Chong CK, Choi JD. Amino acid residues conferring herbicide tolerance in tobacco acetolactate synthase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 279:462-7. [PMID: 11118309 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is the common enzyme in the biosynthetic pathways leading to valine, leucine, and isoleucine in plants and microorganisms. ALS is the target site of several classes of structurally unrelated herbicides including sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, and triazolopyrimidines. To identify the residues conferring herbicide tolerance in tobacco ALS, site-directed mutagenesis for three residues, Ala121, Pro187 and Ser652, was performed. Mutant A121T showed strong resistance to Londax (a sulfonylurea) and Cadre (an imidazolinone), while mutant S652T was resistant only to Cadre. The S652N mutation abolished the binding affinity of FAD, and inactivated the enzyme. Double mutation of Ala121 and Ser652 with Thr yielded a mutant highly tolerant to Londax, Cadre, and TP (a triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide), but has enzymatic properties similar to those of wild-type. Substitution of Pro187 with Ser resulted in the enzyme highly susceptible to oxidation and fragmentation. These results suggest that two residues Ala121 and Ser652 are potent residues conferring herbicide resistance in tobacco ALS, and that double mutation of Ala121 and Ser652 by Thr can confer stronger tolerance to Londax, Cadre, and TP.
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Nam JY, Kim HK, Kwon JY, Han MY, Son KH, Lee UC, Choi JD, Kwon BM. 8-O-Methylsclerotiorinamine, antagonist of the Grb2-SH2 domain, isolated from Penicillium multicolor. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2000; 63:1303-1305. [PMID: 11000046 DOI: 10.1021/np0001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new secondary metabolite, 8-O-methylsclerotiorinamine (1), was isolated from a strain of Penicillium multicolor, and its structure was established using NMR spectroscopy and chemical evidence. The metabolite inhibited significantly the binding between the Grb2-SH2 domain and the phosphopeptide derived from the Shc protein and also blocked the protein-protein interactions of Grb2-Shc in cell-based experiments, with IC(50) values of 5.3 and 50 microM, respectively.
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Kwon JY, Jeong HW, Kim HK, Kang KH, Chang YH, Bae KS, Choi JD, Lee UC, Son KH, Kwon BM. cis-fumagillin, a new methionine aminopeptidase (type 2) inhibitor produced by Penicillium sp. F2757. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2000; 53:799-806. [PMID: 11079802 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.53.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition against the yeast MetAP2 (methionine aminopeptidase type 2) was detected in the fermentation broth of a fungus F2757 that was later identified as Penicillium janczewskii. A new compound cis-fumagillin methyl ester (1) was isolated from the diazomethane treated fermentation extracts together with the known compound fumagillin methyl ester (2). The cis-fumagillin methyl ester, a stereoisomer of fumagillin methyl ester at the C2'-C3' position of the aliphatic side chain, selectively inhibited growth of the map1 mutant yeast strain (MetAP1 deletion strain) at a concentration as low as 1 ng. However, the wild type yeast w303 and the mutant map2 (MetAP2 deleted) strains were resistant up to 10 microg of the compound. In enzyme experiments, compound 1 inhibited the MetAP2 with an IC50 value of 6.3 nM, but it did not inhibit the MetAP1 (IC50 >200 microM). Compound 2 also inhibited the MetAP2 with an IC50 value of 9.2 nM and 105 microM against MetAP1.
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