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Hou PY, Stringer J. Effect of surface-applied reactive elements on the early stage
oxidation of Fe- 18Cr-5Al and Fe-18Cr-5Al-1Hf alloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:1993921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Hou P, Stringer J. The effect of surface-applied reactive metal oxides on the high temperature oxidation of alloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0025-5416(87)90392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Choi SH, Stringer J. The breakaway corrosion of FeCr alloys in atmospheres containing sulfur and oxygen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0025-5416(87)90384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Stringer J, Minchener AJ. High temperature corrosion in fluidized bed combustion systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02833572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Easmon CS, Hastings MJ, Blowers A, Bloxham B, Deeley J, Marwood R, Rivers RP, Stringer J. Epidemiology of group B streptococci: one year's experience in an obstetric and special care baby unit. BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1983; 90:241-6. [PMID: 6338902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1983.tb08617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiology of group B streptococci (GBS) was studied in an obstetric unit and the related special care baby unit (SCBU). In 1 year 53 (77%) of 69 babies who acquired GBS from their mothers were colonized within 24 h of birth, compared with only 9 (35%) of 38 who acquired GBS from non-maternal sources. While 38 (36%) of 107 GBS colonized babies in the obstetric unit derived the organism from a non-maternal source, the value for the SCBU was only 2 (9%) of 23. In babies rectal and umbilical swabs gave the highest GBS isolation rates. Phage-typing and serotyping suggested that colonized mother baby pairs, rather than staff, were the primary source of hospital acquired GBS. This mode of GBS acquisition did not result in long-term carriage once babies had left hospital. Nosocomial transmission can play an important part in GBS epidemiology, but can be minimized by attention to infection control procedures.
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31
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Jackson DH, Hinder SM, Stringer J, Easmon CS. Carriage and transmission of group B streptococci among STD clinic patients. Br J Vener Dis 1982; 58:334-7. [PMID: 6751464 PMCID: PMC1046088 DOI: 10.1136/sti.58.5.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
High rates of carriage of group B streptococci were found among men (38%) and women (42.3%) attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Swabs from the perineal/anorectal area gave the highest isolation rate and those from the urethra the lowest. The subpreputial sac was an important site for carriage of the organism, and there was a strong association between streptococcal isolation and balanitis. Of 92 couples studied, neither partner was colonised with group B streptococci in 36. In a further 36 one or other was colonised and in 20 both were colonised. Serotyping and phage typing showed that only three of these 20 couples were colonised with similar strains of the organism.
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Weindling AM, Hawkins JM, Coombes MA, Stringer J. Colonisation of babies and their families by group B streptococci. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1981; 283:1503-5. [PMID: 6799041 PMCID: PMC1507901 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.283.6305.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A high incidence of group B streptococcal disease of the newborn in West Berkshire led to a prospective study of the condition. Cultures taken from 1090 babies shortly after birth showed that 65 (6%) were colonised with the streptococcus. Thirty of these babies were assigned to group 1. Bacteriological samples were taken from babies and mothers at birth and at four, eight, and 12 weeks, and also from fathers and siblings. Fifty uncolonised babies and their families were similarly studied and served as controls (group 2). In group 1,28 of the 30 mothers and 14 of the 28 fathers examined were colonised by group B streptococci. In group 2 the streptococci were isolated from three babies, 12 mothers, and 11 out of 45 fathers during follow-up. These findings suggest that group B streptococci are carried predominantly in the lower gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Most families are lightly colonised, but in others maternal colonisation is stable and heavy and the incidence of paternal colonisation high. Results of serotyping suggest that sexual transmission occurs, which may explain the difficulty in eradicating the organism during pregnancy.
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33
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Weindling AM, Hawkins JM, Stringer J, Coombes MA. Group B streptococcal serotypes correlated with maternal parity and carrier sites. J Clin Pathol 1981; 34:1405. [PMID: 7035502 PMCID: PMC494621 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.34.12.1405-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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34
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Stringer J, Crees-Morris JA, Young SE, Mayon-White RT. Group B streptococcal systemic disease in Great Britain. J Infect 1981; 3:385-91. [PMID: 6764497 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(81)92053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Easmon CS, Hastings MJ, Clare AJ, Bloxham B, Marwood R, Rivers RP, Stringer J. Nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1981; 283:459-61. [PMID: 6790015 PMCID: PMC1506284 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.283.6289.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of group B streptococci by babies in a special-care baby unit and two postnatal wards was investigated over a six-month period using serology and phage typing. Sixty-three culture-positive babies were identified in the postnatal wards, one-third of whom had been born to mothers who were not carrying the organism in the genital tract or anorectal area during labour. A non-maternal source was identified for 14 of these 21 infants: either colonised mothers and babies in the same ward or, on one occasion, a member of the hospital staff. In the special-care baby unit, however, only one instance of nosocomial acquisition of group B streptococci was recorded despite a high prevalence of colonisation in the staff on the unit and the presence of heavily colonised babies. The results of this survey suggest that although sepsis caused by group B streptococci may be the result of nosocomial transmission, this may be prevented by careful attention to hygiene.
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Band JD, Clegg HW, Hayes PS, Facklam RR, Stringer J, Dixon RE. Transmission of group B streptococci. Traced by use of multiple epidemiologic markers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN (1960) 1981; 135:355-8. [PMID: 7010996 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1981.02130280045015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During a three-week period, septicemia caused by group B Streptococcus, serotype III, developed in four infants born at a community hospital. The first infant had early-onset disease; late-onset disease that appeared, from epidemiologic data, to be nosocomial developed in the other three infants. Bacteriophage typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing confirmed the relatedness of the isolates. A prospective study designed to differentiate between vertical and nosocomial transmission of group B Streptococcus showed that of 82 infants, 21 (26%) were culture-positive during their hospitalization, and nine of these infants (43%) had been culture-negative at birth. Although serotype III strains were recovered from four of nine infants with apparently nosocomial acquisition, none of the isolates displayed an antibiogram or bacteriophage type similar to that of the isolates involved in the recent cluster. Bacteriophage typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in addition to the use of serotyping may be helpful in epidemiologic studies of group B Streptococcus.
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Sanderson PJ, Ross J, Stringer J. Source of group B streptococci in the female genital tract. J Clin Pathol 1981; 34:84-6. [PMID: 7007448 PMCID: PMC1146418 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.34.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Swabs were taken from the posterior fornix, perineum, and anorectum of 135 patients on three occasions during their pregnancy. Multiple isolates of beta-haemolytic streptococci of group B were obtained from 24 women, in 21 of whom the strains were examined by a highly discriminative serotyping and phage typing method. In 18 of these patients their own isolates were indistinguishable but different from those of other women with multiple isolates. Women yielding group B streptococci from the posterior fornix usually carried an indistinguishable strain in the anorectum.
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Sambrook J, Botchan M, Hu SL, Mitchison T, Stringer J. Integration of viral DNA sequences in cells transformed by adenovirus 2 or SV40. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SERIES B, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 1980; 210:423-35. [PMID: 6109303 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1980.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have cloned and propagated in prokaryotic vectors the viral DNA sequences that are integrated in a variety of cells transformed by adenovirus 2 or SV40. Analysis of the clones reveals that the viral DNA sequences sometimes are arranged in a simple fashion, collinear with the viral genome; in other cell lines there are complex arrangements of viral sequences in which tracts of the viral genome are inverted with respect to each other. In several cases the nucleotide sequences at the joints between cell and viral sequences have been determined: usually there is a sharp transition between cellular and viral DNAs. The viral sequences are integrated at different locations within the genomes of different cell lines; likewise there is no specific site on the viral genomes at which integration occurs. Sometimes the viral sequences are integrated within repetitive cellular DNA, and sometimes within unique sequences. In some cases there is evidence that the viral sequences along with the flanking cell DNA have been amplified after integration. The sequences that flank the viral insertion in the line of SV40-transformed rat cells known as 14B have been used as probes to isolate, from untransformed rat cells, clones that carry the region of the chromosome in which integration occurred. Analysis of the structure of these clones by restriction endonculease digestion and heteroduplex formation shows that a rearrangement of cellular sequences has occurred, presumably as a consequence of integration.
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Boyer KM, Vogel LC, Gotoff SP, Gadzala CA, Stringer J, Maxted WR. Nosocomial transmission of bacteriophage type 7/11/12 group B streptococci in a special care nursery. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN (1960) 1980; 134:964-6. [PMID: 6999891 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1980.02130220042013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Two premature infants in a special care nursery acquired late-onset group B streptococcal (GBS) sepsis within a 24-hour period. The infecting strains were serotype III organisms with bacteriophage type 7/11/12. Cultures of the mothers of the two affected infants were negative for GBS, implying nosocomial acquisition of infection. Although 32% of nursery personnel had mucosal carriage of GBS, none of the seven isolates of GBS type III was the same bacteriophage type as the two infecting strains. Of the other infants hospitalized in the nursery, five were asymptomatically colonized with GBS. These infants were in bassinets adjacent to the affected infants; all five of their isolates were identical to the two infecting strains. We conclude that infant-to-infant transmission may result in nosocomial late-onset GBS septicemia.
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Botchan M, Stringer J, Mitchison T, Sambrook J. Integration and excision of SV40 DNA from the chromosome of a transformed cell. Cell 1980; 20:143-52. [PMID: 6248231 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
A typing system for group-B streptococci, based on the use of 24 phages, has been evaluated. Used in conjunction with serotyping, it gave highly discriminating and reproducible results.
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Sambrook J, Greene R, Stringer J, Mitchison T, Hu SL, Botchan M. Analysis of the sites of integration of viral DNA sequences in rat cells transformed by adenovirus 2 or SV40. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 1980; 44 Pt 1,:569-84. [PMID: 6253158 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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44
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Stringer J. An operations research outlook on primary health care organization. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1978; 310:110-20. [PMID: 290312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb22060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rice M, Stringer J, Swanstrom R, Wagner EK. The association of the infecting DNA of herpes simplex virus with cellular components. Virology 1976; 70:185-9. [PMID: 56811 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Stringer J. Very Early Termination of Pregnancy (Menstrual Extraction). Stud Fam Plann 1976. [DOI: 10.2307/1964886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Stringer J, Anderson M, Beard RW, Fairweather DV, Steele SJ. Very early termination of pregnancy (menstrual extraction). BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1975; 3:7-9. [PMID: 1131678 PMCID: PMC1673748 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5974.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Very early termination of pregnancy was performed on 424 women in three London teaching hospitals. Altogether 90% of the women were no more than 14 days overdue, and 67% of these had histological evidence of pregnancy. The procedure differed little in technique or its acceptability to the patient from termination done later in the first trimester. The similar incidence of complications suggested that it is not an alternative to conventional contraception. The response of patients, general practitioners, and referral agencies, however, indicated that there is a definite need in the community for a very early termination service.
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Stringer J. "Menstrual regulation" conference in Hawaii. IPPF MEDICAL BULLETIN 1974; 8:3. [PMID: 4468882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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