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Zhang C, Liu Y, Tu J, Ming S, Xu X, Bo Z. Fluoro-Modulated Molecular Geometry in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Low-Bandgap Copolymers for Tuning the Photovoltaic Performance. Front Chem 2019; 7:333. [PMID: 31157206 PMCID: PMC6530256 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorination of conjugated polymers is an effective strategy to tune the energy levels for obtaining high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in organic solar cells. In this work, we have developed fluoro-modulated molecular geometries in diketopyrrolopyrrole based low-bandgap copolymers. In these polymers, planar conformation can be locked by intramolecular non-covalent interaction (intramolecular supramolecular interaction) between the sulfur atoms and the introduced F atoms (F···S interaction). By varying the fluorinated moieties, such a planarity can be disturbed and the molecular geometry is tuned. As a result, the polymer' properties can be modulated, including the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum to become broaden, charge mobility to be enhanced, open-circuit voltage (V oc) and short-circuited current (J sc) to be elevated, and thus photovoltaic performance to be improved. The photovoltaic device based on PCFB, one of the fluorinated terpolymers, exhibited a high PCE near 8.5% with simultaneously enhanced V oc and J sc relative to the non-fluorinated one (PCB).
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Tu J, Wu W. Establishment of an aqueous method for extracting soybean oils assisted by adding free oil. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2019. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0711182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Concern for the environment, safety and costs has promoted the development of the method for extracting soybean oil by an aqueous process. An advanced aqueous extraction of soybean oil assisted by adding free oil was established in this study, which recovered 81% of the oil from soybeans with 20.73% crude oil content and produced a de-oiled residue with 4.7% residual oil. The acid or peroxide value of the recovered oil met the Chinese national standard for first class refined oil, which was lower than that produced by solvent extraction or high temperature pressing. No wastewater was produced during the aqueous extraction of oil. The removal of the oil by the addition of oil and a small amount of water generated a residue (solids) containing all the protein, which represents 2/3 of the revenue in the soybean process. The protein-rich residue can be further processed to produce a protein isolate with high purity (e.g. > 90%) by using a higher amount of water. It can also be used as a nutritious ingredient or raw material for the production of many food products, among other applications.
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Geng HY, Ji LN, Chen CY, Tu J, Li HR, Bao R, Lin Y. [Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclosporine A in children with primary refractory nephrotic syndrome]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2019; 56:651-656. [PMID: 30180402 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclosporine A in treating children with primary refractory nephrotic syndrome. Methods: Conducted a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial in 62 pediatric patients (including 44 boys and 18 girls), age ranged from 2.1 to 17.0 years; 32 cases presented with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) and 30 cases presented with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), who were admitted to department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from October 2013 to October 2015. The patients received either mycophenolate mofetil (20-30)mg/(kg·d) or cyclosporine A (3-5)mg/(kg·d) randomly, on the basis of prednisone treatment. Follow-up interview was conducted regularly for at least one year. Efficacy rate, relapse rate, time required for induction of remission, relapse-free period and prednisone dosage were compared between the two groups. Results: (1) Renal histologic examination, which was available for 17 patients, revealed minimal change disease in 8 patients, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) in five, membranous nephropathy in two, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in two. (2) Comparison of mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclosporine A in children with FRNS: There were 14 patients with FRNS in mycophenolate mofetil group and 18 patients with FRNS in cyclosporine A group respectively. The relapse rate (episodes/year) in cyclosporine A group was lower than that of mycophenolate mofetil group (1.0 (0.0, 1.0) vs. 1.0 (1.0, 3.0), Z=-2.405, P=0.016). The relapse-free period (months) in cyclosporine A group was longer than that of mycophenolate mofetil group (10.0 (5.7, 12.1) vs. 5.0 (1.0, 11.0), Z=-1.984, P=0.047). No significant difference in dosage of prednisone was found between cyclosporine A and mycophenolate mofetil groups when followed up for 1 year. (3) Comparison of mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclosporine A in children with SRNS: The efficacy rate was 6/14 in mycophenolate mofetil group and 13/16 in cyclosporine A group. The complete remission rate was 4/14 in mycophenolate mofetil group and 12/16 in cyclosporine A group (P<0.05). The time (months) required for induction of remission in cyclosporine A group was significantly shorter than that of mycophenolate mofetil group (1.0 (1.0, 2.0) vs. 3.0 (2.5, 4.0), Z=-2.529, P=0.011). No significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to relapse-free period and relapse rate. (4) Except that one patient developed hypertensive encephalopathy in cyclosporine A group, no other serious adverse events were recorded. There were no significant differences between two groups with respect to adverse events. Conclusion: Our results indicated that both mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporine A were effective in the treatment of children with refractory nephrotic syndrome. Cyclosporine A was superior to mycophenolate mofetil in preventing relapses in patients with FRNS and inducing complete remission in patients with SRNS. Although most patients were able to tolerate mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporine A, but the toxicity and safety of cyclosporine A should be monitored closely.
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Tu J, Wu W. An advanced pilot method of separating peanut oils with high quality based on aqueous extraction. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1569691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Donio P, Freitas C, Austin P, Ross H, Abdel-Qadir H, Wijeysundera H, Tu K, Cram P, Liu P, Abrams H, Udell J, Mak S, Farkouh M, Tu J, Wang X, Tobe S, Lee D. COMPARISON OF READMISSION AND DEATH AMONG CARDIAC PATIENTS IN NORTHERN VS. SOUTHERN ONTARIO. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Sun L, Ruel M, Chen R, Bader Eddeen A, Tu J. LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING VERSUS PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Rocha R, Tam D, Karkhanis R, Nedadur R, Fang J, Tu J, Gaudino M, Royse A, Fremes S. CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING WITH THREE ARTERIAL GRAFTS DOES NOT IMPROVE OUTCOMES COMPARED TO TWO ARTERIAL GRAFTS AT EIGHT-YEAR FOLLOW-UP. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Chow C, Lee C, Chu J, Moe G, Yan A, Tu J. AWARENESS OF WARNING SYMPTOMS OF HEART DISEASE AND STROKE: RESULTS OF A FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF THE CHINESE CANADIAN CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH PROJECT. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Jia H, Shen X, Guan Y, Xu M, Tu J, Mo M, Xie L, Yuan J, Zhang Z, Cai S, Zhu J, Zhu Z. Predicting the pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation using untargeted metabolomics in locally advanced rectal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2018; 128:548-556. [PMID: 30041962 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to identify a panel of potential metabolite biomarkers to predict tumor response to neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy (NCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics was used to profile human serum samples (n = 106) from LARC patients treated with NCRT. The samples were collected from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) from July 2014 to January 2016. Statistical methods, such as partial least squares (PLS) and Wilcoxon rank-sum test, were used to identify discriminative metabolites between NCRT-sensitive and NCRT-resistant patients according to their tumor regression grade (TRG). This trial is registered with Clinical Trials.gov, number NCT03149978. RESULTS A panel of metabolites was selected as potential predictive biomarkers of pathological response to NCRT. A total of 4810 metabolic peaks were detected, and 57 significantly dysregulated peaks were identified. These 57 metabolic peaks were used to differentiate patients using PLS in a dataset containing NCRT-sensitive (n = 56) and NCRT-resistant (n = 49) patients. The combination of 57 metabolic peaks had AUC values of 0.88, 0.81 and 0.84 in the prediction models using PLS, random forest, and support vector machine, respectively, suggesting that metabolomics has the potential ability to predict responses to NCRT. Furthermore, 15 metabolite biomarkers were identified and used to construct a logistic regression model and explore dysregulated metabolic pathways using untargeted metabolic profiling and data mining approaches. CONCLUSIONS A panel of metabolites has been identified to facilitate the prediction of tumor response to NCRT in LARC, which is promising for the generation of personalized treatment strategies for LARC patients.
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Zhou YQ, Li C, Shui CY, Cai YC, Sun RH, Zeng DF, Wang W, Li QL, Huang L, Tu J, Jiang J. [Application of virtual reality in surgical treatment of complex head and neck carcinoma]. ZHONGHUA ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2018; 53:49-52. [PMID: 29365381 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the application of virtual reality technology in the preoperative evaluation of complex head and neck carcinoma and he value of virtual reality technology in surgical treatment of head and neck carcinoma. Methods: The image data of eight patients with complex head and neck carcinoma treated from December 2016 to May 2017 was acquired. The data were put into virtual reality system to built the three-dimensional anatomical model of carcinoma and to created the surgical scene. The process of surgery was stimulated by recognizing the relationship between tumor and surrounding important structures. Finally all patients were treated with surgery. And two typical cases were reported. Results: With the help of virtual reality, surgeons could adequately assess the condition of carcinoma and the security of operation and ensured the safety of operations. Conclusions: Virtual reality can provide the surgeons with the sensory experience in virtual surgery scenes and achieve the man-computer cooperation and stereoscopic assessment, which will ensure the safety of surgery. Virtual reality has a huge impact on guiding the traditional surgical procedure of head and neck carcinoma.
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Tu J, Yin Y, Xu M, Wang R, Zhu ZJ. Absolute quantitative lipidomics reveals lipidome-wide alterations in aging brain. Metabolomics 2017; 14:5. [PMID: 30830317 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-017-1304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The absolute quantitation of lipids at the lipidome-wide scale is a challenge but plays an important role in the comprehensive study of lipid metabolism. OBJECTIVES We aim to develop a high-throughput quantitative lipidomics approach to enable the simultaneous identification and absolute quantification of hundreds of lipids in a single experiment. Then, we will systematically characterize lipidome-wide changes in the aging mouse brain and provide a link between aging and disordered lipid homeostasis. METHODS We created an in-house lipid spectral library, containing 76,361 lipids and 181,300 MS/MS spectra in total, to support accurate lipid identification. Then, we developed a response factor-based approach for the large-scale absolute quantifications of lipids. RESULTS Using the lipidomics approach, we absolutely quantified 1212 and 864 lipids in human cells and mouse brains, respectively. The quantification accuracy was validated using the traditional approach with a median relative error of 12.6%. We further characterized the lipidome-wide changes in aging mouse brains, and dramatic changes were observed in both glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. Sphingolipids with longer acyl chains tend to accumulate in aging brains. Membrane-esterified fatty acids demonstrated diverse changes with aging, while most polyunsaturated fatty acids consistently decreased. CONCLUSION We developed a high-throughput quantitative lipidomics approach and systematically characterized the lipidome-wide changes in aging mouse brains. The results proved a link between aging and disordered lipid homeostasis.
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Zhou Z, Tu J, Zhu ZJ. Advancing the large-scale CCS database for metabolomics and lipidomics at the machine-learning era. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 42:34-41. [PMID: 29136580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics and lipidomics aim to comprehensively measure the dynamic changes of all metabolites and lipids that are present in biological systems. The use of ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) for metabolomics and lipidomics has facilitated the separation and the identification of metabolites and lipids in complex biological samples. The collision cross-section (CCS) value derived from IM-MS is a valuable physiochemical property for the unambiguous identification of metabolites and lipids. However, CCS values obtained from experimental measurement and computational modeling are limited available, which significantly restricts the application of IM-MS. In this review, we will discuss the recently developed machine-learning based prediction approach, which could efficiently generate precise CCS databases in a large scale. We will also highlight the applications of CCS databases to support metabolomics and lipidomics.
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Sun L, Liu P, Eddeen A, Tu J. 30-DAY SURVIVAL AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AND PRESERVED VERSUS REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Brickman A, Chu A, Fang J, Tusevljak N, Ko D, Patel S, Tu J, Udell J. RELATIONSHIP OF PROVIDER VOLUME AND QUALITY OF LIPID SCREENING IN ONTARIO, CANADA: INSIGHT FROM CANHEART. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Sun L, Tu J, Eddeen A, Mielniczuk L. SEX DIFFERENCES IN HEART FAILURE INCIDENCE AND OUTCOMES. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Oakes G, Soleas I, Woodward G, Ko D, Eberg M, Tu J, Khan A, Wang X, Gorzkiewicz V, Couris C, Medved W, Leeb K. COMPARISON OF OUTCOMES FOLLOWING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT SURGERY AND PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN ONTARIO AS REPORTED BY THE CARDIAC CARE NETWORK OF ONTARIO AND THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH INFORMATION. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Czarnecki A, Austin P, Fremes S, Koh M, Prasad T, Tu J, Wijeysundera H, Ko D. PREDICTORS OF HOSPITAL READMISSION AFTER TRANS-CATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abdel-Qadir H, Austin P, Thavendiranathan P, Fang J, Fung K, Amir E, Lee D, Tu J, Anderson G. A RISK SCORE FOR PREDICTING CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AFTER EARLY STAGE BREAST CANCER. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Li Y, Xia Y, Chen H, Liu N, Jackson A, Wintermark M, Zhang Y, Hu J, Wu B, Zhang W, Tu J, Su Z, Zhu G. Focal Low and Global High Permeability Predict the Possibility, Risk, and Location of Hemorrhagic Transformation following Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis Therapy in Acute Stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1730-1736. [PMID: 28705822 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The contrast volume transfer coefficient (Ktrans), which reflects blood-brain barrier permeability, is influenced by circulation and measurement conditions. We hypothesized that focal low BBB permeability values can predict the spatial distribution of hemorrhagic transformation and global high BBB permeability values can predict the likelihood of hemorrhagic transformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 106 patients with hemispheric stroke who received intra-arterial thrombolytic treatment. Ktrans maps were obtained with first-pass perfusion CT data. The Ktrans values at the region level, obtained with the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score system, were compared to determine the differences between the hemorrhagic transformation and nonhemorrhagic transformation regions. The Ktrans values of the whole ischemic region based on baseline perfusion CT were obtained as a variable to hemorrhagic transformation possibility at the global level. RESULTS Forty-eight (45.3%) patients had hemorrhagic transformation, and 21 (19.8%) had symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. At the region level, there were 82 ROIs with hemorrhagic transformation and parenchymal hemorrhage with a mean Ktrans, 0.5 ± 0.5/min, which was significantly lower than that in the nonhemorrhagic transformation regions (P < .01). The mean Ktrans value of 615 nonhemorrhagic transformation ROIs was 0.7 ± 0.6/min. At the global level, there was a significant difference (P = .01) between the mean Ktrans values of patients with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (1.3 ± 0.9) and those without symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (0.8 ± 0.4). Only a high Ktrans value at the global level could predict the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (P < .01; OR = 5.04; 95% CI, 2.01-12.65). CONCLUSIONS Global high Ktrans values can predict the likelihood of hemorrhagic transformation or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage at the patient level, whereas focal low Ktrans values can predict the spatial distributions of hemorrhagic transformation at the region level.
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Zhou Z, Tu J, Xiong X, Shen X, Zhu ZJ. LipidCCS: Prediction of Collision Cross-Section Values for Lipids with High Precision To Support Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9559-9566. [PMID: 28764323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of collision cross-section (CCS) values derived from ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) has been proven to facilitate lipid identifications. Its utility is restricted by the limited availability of CCS values. Recently, the machine-learning algorithm-based prediction (e.g., MetCCS) is reported to generate CCS values in a large-scale. However, the prediction precision is not sufficient to differentiate lipids due to their high structural similarities and subtle differences on CCS values. To address this challenge, we developed a new approach, namely, LipidCCS, to precisely predict lipid CCS values. In LipidCCS, a set of molecular descriptors were optimized using bioinformatic approaches to comprehensively describe the subtle structure differences for lipids. The use of optimized molecular descriptors together with a large set of standard CCS values for lipids (458 in total) to build the prediction model significantly improved the precision. The prediction precision of LipidCCS was externally validated with median relative errors (MRE) of ∼1% using independent data sets across different instruments (Agilent DTIM-MS and Waters TWIM-MS) and laboratories. We also demonstrated that the improved precision in the predicted LipidCCS database (15 646 lipids and 63 434 CCS values in total) could effectively reduce false-positive identifications of lipids. Common users can freely access our LipidCCS web server for the following: (1) the prediction of lipid CCS values directly from SMILES structure; (2) database search; and (3) lipid match and identification. We believe LipidCCS will be a valuable tool to support IM-MS-based lipidomics. The web server is freely available on the Internet ( http://www.metabolomics-shanghai.org/LipidCCS/ ).
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Bhatia R, Bouck Z, Ivers N, Singh J, Pendrith C, Mecredy G, Ko D, Martin D, Wijeysundera H, Tu J, Wilson L, Dorian P, Tepper J, Glazier R, Levinson W. P621Electrocardiograms in low-risk patients undergoing an annual health examination. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx501.p621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Li W, Tu J, Liu X, Yang W. Farnesyltransferase inhibitor FTI-277 inhibits PD-L1 expression on septic spleen lymphocytes and promotes spleen lymphocyte activation. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 190:8-18. [PMID: 28556912 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesyltransferase inhibitors have been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of tumours. In sepsis, the binding of programmed death 1 (PD-1) to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) promotes lymphocyte apoptosis and decreases cytokine expression, thus affecting survival rates. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays an important role in chronic viral infection, bacterial infection and sepsis. However, the precise immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory functions of this pathway remain poorly understood. In our previous study, the induction of sepsis by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) resulted in increased farnesyltransferase activity and farnesylated protein levels in the spleen relative to sham treatment. However, the effect of inhibition of farnesyltransferase activity on overall survival rates in patients with sepsis and the specific signalling pathway involved remain to be investigated. In this study, mice with CLP-induced sepsis were treated with farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI-277), and PD-L1 expression on septic spleen lymphocytes was examined. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that PD-L1 is expressed constitutively on lymphocytes and that PD-L1 protein expression was up-regulated strongly following CLP. FTI-277 down-regulated PD-L1 mRNA and protein expression on septic spleen lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was associated closely with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, the significant damping effect of FTI-277 on the PD-L1 signal promoted interferon (IFN)-γ secretion, interleukin (IL)-2 production and splenocyte proliferation in response to anti-CD3+ CD28+ antibodies in mice. Furthermore, FTI-277 reduced spleen lymphocyte apoptosis in septic mice. Therefore, FTI-277 regulates spleen lymphocyte activity via the PD-L1 signalling pathway, with significant anti-inflammatory effects attributable to suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Farnesyltransferase represents a valuable therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis.
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Weigand WJ, Messmore A, Tu J, Morales-Sanz A, Blair DL, Deheyn DD, Urbach JS, Robertson-Anderson RM. Active microrheology determines scale-dependent material properties of Chaetopterus mucus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176732. [PMID: 28562662 PMCID: PMC5451080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterize the lengthscale-dependent rheological properties of mucus from the ubiquitous Chaetopterus marine worm. We use optically trapped probes (2-10 μm) to induce microscopic strains and measure the stress response as a function of oscillation amplitude. Our results show that viscoelastic properties are highly dependent on strain scale (l), indicating three distinct lengthscale-dependent regimes at l1 ≤4 μm, l2≈4-10 μm, and l3≥10 μm. While mucus response is similar to water for l1, suggesting that probes rarely contact the mucus mesh, the response for l2 is distinctly more viscous and independent of probe size, indicative of continuum mechanics. Only for l3 does the response match the macroscopic elasticity, likely due to additional stiffer constraints that strongly resist probe displacement. Our results suggest that, rather than a single lengthscale governing crossover from viscous to elastic, mucus responds as a hierarchical network with a loose biopolymer mesh coupled to a larger scaffold responsible for macroscopic gel-like mechanics.
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Li L, Tu J, Jiang Y, Zhou J, Schust DJ. Regulatory T cells decrease invariant natural killer T cell-mediated pregnancy loss in mice. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:613-623. [PMID: 27706127 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy loss is the commonest complication of pregnancy. The causes of pregnancy loss are poorly understood. It has been reported that stimulation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells using α-galactosylceramide (αGC) induces pregnancy loss in mice. Here we investigated the mechanisms, especially the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells, in iNKT cell-mediated pregnancy loss. We found that injection of αGC rapidly induced fetal resorption, activated decidual iNKT cells, decreased the percentage of decidual Treg cells and their interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β production, and upregulated the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-4, and IL-10 in serum. Adoptive transfer of iNKT cells from wild-type (WT) and IL-4-/- mice but not IFN-γ-/- mice into αGC-treated iNKT cell-deficient Jα18-/- mice restored αGC-induced pregnancy loss. Adoptive transfer of Treg cells downregulated α-GC-induced pregnancy loss in WT mice. Finally, co-culture with αGC-stimulated decidual iNKT cells decreased the production of IL-10 and TGF-β in decidual Treg cells and inhibited their suppressive activity. These findings suggest that activation of iNKT cells induces pregnancy loss in mice in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. In addition, inhibition of the function of decidual Treg cells has an important role in iNKT cell-mediated pregnancy loss.
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Tu J, Qi K, Song X, Xue T, Ji H, Shao Y, Liu H, Zhou X, Zhu L. Horizontal transfer and functional evaluation of high pathogenicity islands in Avian Escherichia coli. Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 20:395-402. [PMID: 28865225 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHigh pathogenicity islands (HPIs) inEscherichia coliencode genes that are primarily involved in iron uptake and regulation, and confer virulence and pathogenicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the transfer ofHPIs in avianE. coliand identify the function ofHPIin the acceptor strain. TheHPItransfer strain was obtained under conditions of low temperature and low iron abundance, and the donor and acceptor strains were confirmed.E. coli HPIs are transferred by horizontal gene transfer events, which are likely mediated primarily by homologous recombination inHPI-adjacent sequences. Assays for biological activity and pathogenicity changes in the acceptor strain indicated thatHPIs might not be involved in pathogenesis in avianE. coli, and thus the main function ofHPIs in this strain of bacteria may be to regulate iron nutrition.
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