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Rojas C, Hernandez A, Cardenas J, Saez V, Lara S, Troncoso M, Peña C, Gutierrez J, Castillo D. Polysomnographic study in patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Phaëton R, Gutierrez J, Jiang Z, Karabakhtsian RG, Albanese J, Sunkara J, Fisher DR, Goldberg GL, Dadachova E. Naive and radiolabeled antibodies to E6 and E7 HPV-16 oncoproteins show pronounced antitumor activity in experimental cervical cancer. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:631-40. [PMID: 26098137 PMCID: PMC4524293 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of profound reduction in incidence, cervical cancer claims >275,000 lives annually. Previously we demonstrated efficacy and safety of radioimmunotherapy directed at HPV16 E6 oncoprotein in experimental cervical cancer. MATERIALS & METHODS We undertook a direct comparison of targeting E7 and E6 oncoproteins with specific (188)Rhenium-labeled monoclonal antibodies in CasKi subcutaneous xenografts of cervical cancer cells in mice. RESULTS The most significant tumor inhibition was seen in radioimmunotherapy-treated mice, followed by the unlabeled monoclonal antibodies to E6 and E7. No hematological toxicity was observed. Immunohistochemistry suggests that the effect of unlabeled antibodies is C3 complement mediated. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated for the first time that radioimmunotherapy directed toward E7 oncoprotein inhibits experimental tumors growth, decreases E7 expression and may offer a novel approach to cervical cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/pharmacology
- Female
- Human papillomavirus 16/immunology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/virology
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/immunology
- Papillomavirus Infections/immunology
- Papillomavirus Infections/therapy
- Radioimmunotherapy
- Repressor Proteins/immunology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/immunology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
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Vaz M, Munoz del Toro J, Gutierrez J, Ley Urzaiz L, Carrrato A, Madariaga A, Pian H, del Alamo M. P17.92 * GLIOBLASTOMA IN ELDERLY PATIENTS: SURVIVAL OUTCOME. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou174.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kusak ME, Martinez NE, Gutierrez J, Rey G, Martinez R. P05.05 * RADIOSURGERY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou174.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gutierrez J, Tercjak A. Natural gum rosin thin films nanopatterned by poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinylpiridine) block copolymer. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04296d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Han TU, Park J, Domingues CF, Moretti-Ferreira D, Paris E, Sainz E, Gutierrez J, Drayna D. A study of the role of the FOXP2 and CNTNAP2 genes in persistent developmental stuttering. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 69:23-31. [PMID: 24807205 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of speech disorders including stuttering have been shown to have important genetic contributions, as indicated by high heritability estimates from twin and other studies. We studied the potential contribution to stuttering from variants in the FOXP2 gene, which have previously been associated with developmental verbal dyspraxia, and from variants in the CNTNAP2 gene, which have been associated with specific language impairment (SLI). DNA sequence analysis of these two genes in a group of 602 unrelated cases, all with familial persistent developmental stuttering, revealed no excess of potentially deleterious coding sequence variants in the cases compared to a matched group of 487 well characterized neurologically normal controls. This was compared to the distribution of variants in the GNPTAB, GNPTG, and NAGPA genes which have previously been associated with persistent stuttering. Using an expanded subject data set, we again found that NAGPA showed significantly different mutation frequencies in North Americans of European descent (p=0.0091) and a significant difference existed in the mutation frequency of GNPTAB in Brazilians (p=0.00050). No significant differences in mutation frequency in the FOXP2 and CNTNAP2 genes were observed between cases and controls. To examine the pattern of expression of these five genes in the human brain, real time quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed on RNA purified from 27 different human brain regions. The expression patterns of FOXP2 and CNTNAP2 were generally different from those of GNPTAB, GNPTG and NAPGA in terms of relatively lower expression in the cerebellum. This study provides an improved estimate of the contribution of mutations in GNPTAB, GNPTG and NAGPA to persistent stuttering, and suggests that variants in FOXP2 and CNTNAP2 are not involved in the genesis of familial persistent stuttering. This, together with the different brain expression patterns of GNPTAB, GNPTG, and NAGPA compared to that of FOXP2 and CNTNAP2, suggests that the genetic neuropathological origins of stuttering differ from those of verbal dyspraxia and SLI.
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Gutierrez J. Quercetin Supplementation Reduces Maternal Hyperglycemia in a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mouse Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.9734/arrb/2014/5431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Barandiaran JM, Chernenko VA, Cesari E, Salas D, Gutierrez J, Lazpita P. Magnetic field and atomic order effect on the martensitic transformation of a metamagnetic alloy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:484005. [PMID: 24201042 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/48/484005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The martensitic transformation (MT) of metamagnetic shape memory alloys is very sensitive to the applied magnetic field and atomic order. We analyze the alloy Ni50Mn34.5In15.5 in magnetic fields up to 13 T. The alloy has been prepared both in an ordered state by slow cooling, and in a disordered state by rapid quenching. In both cases the dependence of the martensitic transition temperature on the field is highly nonlinear. Such departure from linearity is due to a decrease of the entropy change at the transition, ΔS, with the applied field. This can be explained by the ordering effect of the magnetic field on the frustrated magnetic structure of the alloy in the martensitic phase. Compliance with a recent model, relying on the strong magnetoelastic interactions in these compounds, is very satisfactory.
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Gutierrez J, Rundek T, Ekind MSV, Sacco RL, Wright CB. Perivascular spaces are associated with atherosclerosis: an insight from the Northern Manhattan Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:1711-6. [PMID: 23557952 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Perivascular spaces are potential spaces found between brain blood vessels and surrounding leptomeninges that have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors and dementia, but less is known about their relationship to atherosclerosis. We tested the hypothesis that perivascular spaces are associated with atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants from the Northern Manhattan Study who remained stroke-free were invited to participate in an MR imaging substudy. Parenchymal hypointensities of <3 mm identified on brain axial T1-weighted MR imaging were scored as perivascular spaces. A semiquantitative score was created to express the degree of brain involvement. Generalized linear models were used to assess statistical associations with carotid plaque as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. RESULTS The studied sample included 706 participants (mean age, 72.6 ± 8.0 years; 60% women, 61% Hispanic, 68% with hypertension, 19% with diabetes, and 57% with high cholesterol). The perivascular spaces score ranged from 0 to 19 with 52% of the sample having a perivascular spaces score of ≤4. In unadjusted analysis, perivascular spaces were associated with age (β = 0.01 per year, P = < .001), non-Hispanic black race-ethnicity (β = 0.16, P = .02), hypertension (β = 0.24, P = < .001), and carotid plaque (β = 0.22, P < .001). In multivariable analysis, only age (β = 0.01, P = .02), hypertension (β = 0.17, P = .01), and carotid plaque (β = 0.22, P = < .001) remained independently associated with perivascular spaces. CONCLUSIONS Perivascular spaces were more frequently found in older participants, in those with hypertension, and in the presence of carotid plaque. These results suggest that mechanisms leading to atherosclerosis might also lead to an increased number of perivascular spaces. These results need confirmation in prospective studies.
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Grazioli G, Yzaguirre I, Domenech M, Comellas C, Cifuentes MJ, Coca A, Gutierrez J, Brugada J, Sitges M. Utility of blood pressure measured during an exercise as a risk factor for new-onset hypertension. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.p3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Samblas J, Lopez Guerra J, Bustos J, Gutierrez J, Peraza C, Azinovic I, Sallabanda K. Stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with multiple intracranial meningiomas. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2013.03.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Le Bras Y, Lasheras A, Gutierrez J, Mazaleyrat F, Greneche JM. A new magneto-elastic resonance based technique to determine magneto-mechanical parameters of amorphous ferromagnetic ribbons. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:043904. [PMID: 23635206 DOI: 10.1063/1.4799177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of the magneto-mechanical parameters characteristics of amorphous ribbons often requires complex or limited methods due to their very small thickness. In this paper, it is shown how one can establish and estimate the characteristics of a magnetostrictive resonator from the experimental frequency response free of any kind of mechanical measurement (stress or elongation). This technique which is completely developed with a ribbon exhibiting good resonator properties, is suitable to estimate the magneto-mechanical coupling coefficient k33 and the Young's modulus and also to establish the magnetostriction curves λ(H) of amorphous ribbons. Results obtained from resonators made of 2605SC and 2826 from Metglas(TM) ribbons confirmed the validity of the present technique. However, measurements performed on a thin foil of nickel demonstrate that the present method cannot be extended to semi-soft magnetic materials. The technique which is proposed, has serious advantages upon others as it is non-destructive, low cost and easy to develop compared to common ones.
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Gutierrez J, Adhikari I, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Axelrod F, Kaufmann H. 11. Brainstem reflexes in patients with familial dysautonomia. Clin Neurophysiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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39
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Gutierrez J, Estevez M, Panyavin I, Mordillo L, Soto-Leon V, Olivares A, Oliviero A. 10. Autonomic dysreflexia is not just an episodic but a permanent disorder in patients with spinal cord injury. Clin Neurophysiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Marques P, O’ Donovan J, Williams E, Gutierrez J, Worrall S, McElroy M, Proctor A, Brady C, Sammin D, Bassett H, Buxton D, Maley S, Markey B, Nally J. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii antigens reactive with antibodies from serum, amniotic, and allantoic fluids from experimentally infected pregnant ewes. Vet Parasitol 2012; 185:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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O’Donovan J, Proctor A, Gutierrez J, Worrell S, Nally J, Marques P, Brady C, McElroy M, Sammin D, Buxton D, Maley S, Bassett H, Markey B. Distribution of Lesions in Fetal Brains Following Experimental Infection of Pregnant Sheep With Toxoplasma gondii. Vet Pathol 2011; 49:462-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985811424732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Six ovine fetal brains were harvested 33 to 35 days postchallenge from 5 ewes, each of which was given 3000 Toxoplasma gondii oocysts on day 90 of pregnancy. Histopathologic examination of transverse sections taken at 13 levels in the fetal brains revealed the presence of toxoplasmosis-related lesions in all 6 brains. However, lesions were not randomly distributed ( P = .007); they were most numerous at the level of the optic tract, the rostral margin of the pons, and 4 mm caudal to the ansate sulcus and were absent in all sections at the level of the caudal cerebellum. Lesion distribution may be due to hemodynamic factors, differences in the expression of endothelial surface receptor molecules at the level of the blood-brain barrier, or the presence of localized permissive/inhibitory factors within the brain. The results have implications for the selection of areas of brain from aborted ovine fetuses to be examined histopathologically for laboratory diagnosis.
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Machado C, Estevez M, Gutierrez J, Prez-Nellar J, Olivares A. A network approach to assessing cognition in disorders of consciousness. Neurology 2011; 77:511; author reply 511-2. [PMID: 21810702 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31821ea0bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Worrall S, Sammin D, Bassett H, Reid C, Gutierrez J, Marques P, Nally J, O’Donovan J, Williams E, Proctor A, Markey B. Interferon-γ expression in trophoblast cells in pregnant ewes challenged with Chlamydophila abortus. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 90:214-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Loi S, Salgado R, Piette F, Sirtaine N, Van Eenoo F, Kammler R, Rouas G, Francis PA, Crown J, Nordenskjold B, Gutierrez J, Andersson M, Vila MM, Jakesz R, Viale G, Quinaux EM, Di Leo A, Michiels S, Sotiriou C, Piccart-Gebhart MJ. Evaluation of the prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in a phase III randomized adjuvant breast cancer (BC) trial (BIG 2-98) of node-positive (N+) BC comparing the addition of docetaxel to doxorubicin (A-T) with doxorubicin (A)-only chemotherapy (CT). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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45
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Jain R, Narang J, Schultz L, Scarpace L, Saksena S, Brown S, Rock JP, Rosenblum M, Gutierrez J, Mikkelsen T. Permeability estimates in histopathology-proved treatment-induced necrosis using perfusion CT: can these add to other perfusion parameters in differentiating from recurrent/progressive tumors? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:658-63. [PMID: 21330392 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Differentiating treatment effects from RPT is a common yet challenging task in a busy neuro-oncologic practice. PS probably represents a different aspect of angiogenesis and vasculature and can provide additional physiologic information about recurrent/progressive enhancing lesions. The purpose of the study was to use PS measured by using PCT to differentiate TIN from RPT in patients with previously irradiated brain tumor who presented with a recurrent/progressive enhancing lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two patients underwent PCT for assessment of a recurrent/progressive enhancing lesion from January 2006 to November 2009. Thirty-eight patients who underwent surgery and histopathologic diagnosis were included in this analysis. Perfusion parameters such as PS, CBV, CBF, and MTT were obtained from the enhancing lesion as well as from the NAWM. RESULTS Of 38 patients, 11 were diagnosed with pure TIN and 27 had RPT. Patients with TIN showed significantly lower mean PS values than those with RPT (1.8 ± 0.8 versus 3.6 ± 1.6 mL/100 g/min; P value=.001). The TIN group also showed lower rCBV (1.2 ± 0.3 versus 2.1 ± 0.7; P value<.001), lower rCBF (1.2 ± 0.5 versus 2.6 ± 1.7; P value=.004), and higher rMTT (1.4 ± 0.4 versus 1.0 ± 0.4; P value=.018) compared with the RPT group. CONCLUSIONS PCT and particularly PS can be used in patients with previously treated brain tumors to differentiate TIN from RPT. PS estimates can help increase the accuracy of PCT in differentiating these 2 entities.
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Lyon AM, Tesmer VM, Dhamsania V, Gutierrez J, Chowdhury S, Suddala K, Northup JK, Tesmer JJ. Regulation and Activation of Phospholipase Cβ. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.1010.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Villegas E, Santiago O, Sorlózano A, Gutierrez J. New strategies and patent therapeutics in EBV-associated diseases. Mini Rev Med Chem 2011; 10:914-27. [PMID: 21034415 DOI: 10.2174/138955710792007150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a virus present all throughout the world that causes infectious mononucleosis (IM) and is highly associated with certain malignancies. This study is a review of current knowledge concerning the pathogenic mechanisms of EBV in tumor and auto-immune diseases and the different new strategies to treat EBV associated pathologies. Phenomena surrounding the proliferation and immortalization of B lymphocytes, the mechanisms of immune escape and the role of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the infection by EBV are explained. An analysis is made of the role of EBV proteins during the biological events that take place in primary infection, persistent chronic infection together with an update of the approaches of novel patented therapeutics. Currently there is no vaccine protecting against EBV-associated disorders and no treatment that may inhibit or eliminate their progression. Thus, it is crucial to obtain additional information on the function and importance of genes that play a role on the development of those diseases with which it is associated, as well as on the humoral and cellular immune processes involved in them.
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Jain R, Gutierrez J, Narang J, Scarpace L, Schultz LR, Lemke N, Patel SC, Mikkelsen T, Rock JP. In vivo correlation of tumor blood volume and permeability with histologic and molecular angiogenic markers in gliomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 32:388-94. [PMID: 21071537 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tumor angiogenesis is very heterogeneous and in vivo correlation of perfusion imaging parameters with angiogenic markers can help in better understanding the role of perfusion imaging as an imaging biomarker. The purpose of this study was to correlate PCT parameters such as CBV and PS with histologic and molecular angiogenic markers in gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six image-guided biopsy specimens in 23 patients with treatment-naive gliomas underwent PCT examinations. We correlated MVD, MVCP, VEGFR-2 expression, tumor cellularity, and WHO grade of the image-guided biopsy specimens with the PCT parameters. Histologic sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, CD34, and VEGFR-2 and examined under a light microscope. These histologic and molecular angiogenic markers were correlated with perfusion parameters of the region of interest corresponding to the biopsy specimen. Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analyses by using clustering methods were performed to assess these correlations. RESULTS CBV showed a significant positive correlation with MVD (r = 0.596, P < .001), whereas PS showed a significant positive correlation with MVCP (r = 0.546, P = .001). Both CBV (r = 0.373, P = .031) and PS (r = 0.452, P = .039) also showed a significant correlation with WHO grade. VEGFR-2 positive specimens showed higher PS and CBV; however, neither was statistically significant at the .05 level. CONCLUSIONS CBV showed a significant positive correlation with MVD, whereas PS showed a significant positive correlation with MVCP, suggesting that these 2 perfusion parameters represent different aspects of tumor vessels; hence, in vivo evaluation of these could be important in a better understanding of tumor angiogenesis.
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Gutierrez J, O’Donovan J, Williams E, Proctor A, Brady C, Marques P, Worrall S, Nally J, McElroy M, Bassett H, Sammin D, Buxton D, Maley S, Markey B. Detection and quantification of Toxoplasma gondii in ovine maternal and foetal tissues from experimentally infected pregnant ewes using real-time PCR. Vet Parasitol 2010; 172:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Gutierrez J, Eisenberg R, Koval N, Armstrong E, Tharappel J, Hughes C, Tobin T. Pemoline and tetramisole 'positives' in english racehorses following levamisole administration. Ir Vet J 2010; 63:498. [PMID: 21777496 PMCID: PMC4177197 DOI: 10.1186/2046-0481-63-8-498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemoline is a central nervous system stimulant that has been used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy in humans; its identification in horses could be considered evidence of attempts to influence performance. Two recent pemoline 'positives' in English racehorses led us to review the chemical relationships between tetramisole, levamisole, aminorex and pemoline. Pemoline is a simple oxidation product of aminorex, which has been shown in the United States and elsewhere to be an equine metabolite of levamisole. Based on the clear structural relationships between aminorex and pemoline, we conclude that levamisole can metabolise to pemoline in horses and that pemoline identifications in horses post levamisole administration are likely to be associated with levamisole administration. Levamisole should not be administered to horses about to compete because of its ability to metabolise to two central nervous system stimulants, aminorex and pemoline.
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