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Abstract
Children with celiac disease do not share the same risks as adults, and should have an adapted diet and a prolonged follow-up until adulthood. The following indications seem reasonable: in symptomatic children and adults, gluten free diet during several years in children and for the entire life in adults; in children becoming "silent", without any clinical or biological signs of malnutrition, discussion of coming back to normal diet, under the condition a strict follow-up and restarting gluten free diet at age of 25 and/or in case of pregnancy, to prevent the complications of celiac disease in adulthood; prolonged follow-up for adolescents and young adults returned to a "latent" disease.
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Harms E, Richter DU, Hagen C, Shadouh S, Schmitz J. Anwendung und biologisches Verhalten eines teilresorbierbaren Polypropylennetzes in der Brustchirurgie. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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53
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Groenland AW, Wolters RAM, Kovalgin AY, Schmitz J. A difference in using atomic layer deposition or physical vapour deposition TiN as electrode material in metal-insulator-metal and metal-insulator-silicon capacitors. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 11:8368-8373. [PMID: 22097586 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.5036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, metal-insulator-metal (MIM) and metal-insulator-silicon (MIS) capacitors are studied using titanium nitride (TiN) as the electrode material. The effect of structural defects on the electrical properties on MIS and MIM capacitors is studied for various electrode configurations. In the MIM capacitors the bottom electrode is a patterned 100 nm TiN layer (called BE type 1), deposited via sputtering, while MIS capacitors have a flat bottom electrode (called BE type 2-silicon substrate). A high quality 50-100 nm thick SiO2 layer, made by inductively-coupled plasma CVD at 150 degrees C, is deposited as a dielectric on top of both types of bottom electrodes. BE type 1 (MIM) capacitors have a varying from low to high concentration of structural defects in the SiO2 layer. BE type 2 (MIS) capacitors have a low concentration of structural defects and are used as a reference. Two sets of each capacitor design are fabricated with the TiN top electrode deposited either via physical vapour deposition (PVD, i.e., sputtering) or atomic layer deposition (ALD). The MIM and MIS capacitors are electrically characterized in terms of the leakage current at an electric field of 0.1 MV/cm (I leak) and for different structural defect concentrations. It is shown that the structural defects only show up in the electrical characteristics of BE type 1 capacitors with an ALD TiN-based top electrode. This is due to the excellent step coverage of the ALD process. This work clearly demonstrates the sensitivity to process-induced structural defects, when ALD is used as a step in process integration of conductors on insulation materials.
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54
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Baumgart DC, Metzke D, Guckelberger O, Pascher A, Grötzinger C, Przesdzing I, Dörffel Y, Schmitz J, Thomas S. Aberrant plasmacytoid dendritic cell distribution and function in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 166:46-54. [PMID: 21762123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) function is believed to be of critical importance for the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To date, most research in animal models and the few human data available is restricted to myeloid DC, while plasmacytoid DC (pDC) capable of controlling both innate and adaptive immune responses have not yet been investigated systematically in human Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). CD11c(-) , CD303(+) /CD304(+) and CD123(+) pDC from peripheral blood (n = 90), mucosal tissue (n = 28) or mesenteric lymph nodes (n = 40) (MLNs) of patients with UC and CD or controls were purified and cultured. Thereafter, pDC were enumerated, phenotyped and cytokine secretion measured by flow cytometry (FACS), immunohistochemistry and/or cytometric bead array, respectively. Interferon (IFN)-α secretion following cytosine phosphatidyl guanine (CpG) A oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 2216 (5'-GGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGG-3') stimulation was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found a significantly higher frequency of pDC in the inflamed colonic mucosa and MLN of IBD patients. Moreover, the fraction of CD40 and CD86 expressing cultured peripheral blood pDC was significantly higher in flaring UC and CD patients and their secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were increased significantly compared with controls. In contrast, the IFN-α secretion of peripheral blood pDC isolated from flaring IBD, particularly in UC patients, was reduced significantly compared with controls. Our data suggest an aberrant distribution and function of pDC in IBD, contrary to their generally implicated role as inducers of tolerance. We speculate that the impaired IFN-α secretion may relate to the hypothesized defect in innate immunity in IBD and could also impact upon the generation of regulatory T cells (T(reg) ).
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Hilgendorf I, Eisele S, Remer I, Schmitz J, Zeschky K, Colberg C, Stachon P, Wolf D, Willecke F, Buchner M, Zirlik K, Ortiz-Rodriguez A, Lozhkin A, Hoppe N, von zur Muhlen C, zur Hausen A, Bode C, Zirlik A. The oral spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor fostamatinib attenuates inflammation and atherogenesis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1991-9. [PMID: 21700926 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.230847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) has come into focus as a potential therapeutic target in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, as well as in B-cell lymphomas. SYK has also been involved in the signaling of immunoreceptors, cytokine receptors, and integrins. We therefore hypothesized that inhibition of SYK attenuates the inflammatory process underlying atherosclerosis and reduces plaque development. METHODS AND RESULTS Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice consuming a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with 2 doses of the orally available SYK inhibitor fostamatinib for 16 weeks showed a dose-dependent reduction in atherosclerotic lesion size by up to 59±6% compared with the respective controls. Lesions of fostamatinib-treated animals contained fewer macrophages but more smooth muscle cells and collagen-characteristics associated with more stable plaques in humans. Mechanistically, fostamatinib attenuated adhesion and migration of inflammatory cells and limited macrophage survival. Furthermore, fostamatinib normalized high-cholesterol diet -induced monocytosis and inflammatory gene expression. CONCLUSIONS We present the novel finding that the SYK inhibitor fostamatinib attenuates atherogenesis in mice. Our data identify SYK inhibition as a potentially fruitful antiinflammatory therapeutic strategy in atherosclerosis.
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Rubio A, Pigneur B, Garnier-Lengliné H, Talbotec C, Schmitz J, Canioni D, Goulet O, Ruemmele FM. The efficacy of exclusive nutritional therapy in paediatric Crohn's disease, comparing fractionated oral vs. continuous enteral feeding. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33:1332-9. [PMID: 21507029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional therapy has an established role as induction therapy in paediatric Crohn's disease. However, compliance is the main difficulty and may be greatly influenced by the administration route. AIM To analyse the efficiency of exclusive nutrition to induce remission in children with Crohn's disease comparing fractionated oral vs. continuous enteral feeding. METHODS The medical records of 106 patients treated by exclusive nutritional therapy [Modulen IBD (R)] by either oral or continuous enteral route were reviewed retrospectively. Comparative analyses of remission rates, changes in anthropometry, Paediatric Crohn's disease Activity Index (PCDAI), laboratory indices and compliance rates were performed. RESULTS On exclusive enteral nutrition, at 8 weeks, 34/45 patients achieved remission in the oral group (75% on intention-to-treat analysis) and 52/61 (85%) in the enteral nutrition group (P = 0.157). All patients showed a significant decrease in disease severity assessed by PCDAI (P < 0.0001) and significant improvements in anthropometric measures and inflammatory indices. No difference was observed whether Modulen IBD was administered orally or by continuous enteral feeding, apart from weight gain, which was greater in the enteral group (P = 0.041). In a subgroup of patients, mucosal healing was evidenced on follow-up endoscopies showing a clear correlation to remission. Compliance rates (87% and 90%) were similar. Nevertheless, noncompliant patients had lower mucosal healing and remission rates. CONCLUSIONS These retrospective data suggest that the use of fractionated oral nutritional therapy might be as efficacious as continuous enteral administration to induce remission and mucosal healing in children with Crohn's disease. However, appropriate prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
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Schmitz J. The production of [124I]iodine and [86Y]yttrium. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 38 Suppl 1:S4-9. [PMID: 21484376 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-1782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of paired tracers such as (124)I/(131)I and (86)Y/(90)Y allows pretherapy PET imaging with positron emitting radioisotopes of the same element as used for therapy. Whereas nowadays most therapy nuclides are produced by reactors or generators, the production of the corresponding PET isotopes requires the irradiation of adequate targets using particle accelerators such as cyclotrons. This paper describes the production routes for (124)I and (86)Y.
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58
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Richards A, Schmitz J, Wipfli H. Essentials of Global Community Health: By Jaime Gofin and Rosa Gofin. Am J Epidemiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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59
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Wagner J, Schmitz J, Fuchs F, Weimar U, Herres N, Tränkle G, Koidl P. Structural Characterization of InAs/(GaIn)Sb Superlattices for IR Optoelectronics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-421-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe report on the structural characterization of InAs/(GaIn)Sb superlattices (SL) grown by solid-source molecular-beam epitaxy. SL periodicity and overall structural quality were assessed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was found to be sensitive to the (GaIn)Sb alloy composition.
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60
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Weimar U, Fuchs F, Ahlswede E, Schmitz J, Pletschen W, Herres N, Walther M. unneling effects in InAs/GaInSb superlattice infrared photodiodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-484-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe optical and electrical properties of InAs/GaInSb superlattice mesa photodiodes with a cutoff wavelength around 8 pim are investigated. The influence of the surface potential at the mesa sidewalls on the device properties was studied by fabricating gate-controlled diodes. At least two mechanisms determining the dark current in the reverse bias region can be identified. At high reverse biases bulk bandto- band tunneling dominates while the current at low reverse biases is most likely governed by surface effects. Bulk interband tunneling is further investigated by applying magnetic fields B up to 7 T parallel and perpendicular to the electric field E across the p-n junction.
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61
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Banerjee C, Kaiser N, Hatzmann W, Reiss G, Schmitz J, Hellmich M, Noé G. Reduktion der Spottingrate nach laparoskopischer suprazervikaler Hysterektomie. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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62
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Schmitz J, Bishop F, Patel SJ. Intraocular foreign body in an F-18 jet mechanic. Emerg Med J 2010; 28:568. [PMID: 20682960 DOI: 10.1136/emj.2010.096917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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63
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Colonna L, Catalano G, Chew C, D'Agati V, Thomas JW, Wong FS, Schmitz J, Masuda ES, Reizis B, Tarakhovsky A, Clynes R. Therapeutic targeting of Syk in autoimmune diabetes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:1532-43. [PMID: 20601600 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In APCs, the protein tyrosine kinase Syk is required for signaling of several immunoreceptors, including the BCR and FcR. We show that conditional ablation of the syk gene in dendritic cells (DCs) abrogates FcgammaR-mediated cross priming of diabetogenic T cells in RIP-mOVA mice, a situation phenocopied in wild-type RIP-mOVA mice treated with the selective Syk inhibitor R788. In addition to blocking FcgammaR-mediated events, R788 also blocked BCR-mediated Ag presentation, thus broadly interrupting the humoral contributions to T cell-driven autoimmunity. Indeed, oral administration of R788 significantly delayed spontaneous diabetes onset in NOD mice and successfully delayed progression of early-established diabetes even when treatment was initiated after the development of glucose intolerance. At the DC level, R788 treatment was associated with reduced insulin-specific CD8 priming and decreased DC numbers. At the B cell level, R788 reduced total B cell numbers and total Ig concentrations. Interestingly, R788 increased the number of IL-10-producing B cells, thus inducing a tolerogenic B cell population with immunomodulatory activity. Taken together, we show by genetic and pharmacologic approaches that Syk in APCs is an attractive target in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes.
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64
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Schmitz D, Schmitz J, Guski R, Kalenka A. [Perimortem semen retrieval from comatose intensive care patients : Medico-legal, psychological and ethical aspects]. Anaesthesist 2010; 59:144-8. [PMID: 20127056 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-010-1676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM Due to new technological advances in assisted reproduction, perimortem sperm retrieval has developed into a subject of increasing interest for families of comatose or dying male patients in critical care facilities. These requests raise a number of medical, ethical, legal and psychological issues. ARGUMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The case of a comatose dying male patient is used to illustrate the variety of positions and problems which have to be discussed. The importance of written consent of the donor, the interest of the unborn child and the legal limitations are highlighted.
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Schmitz J, Belkoura L, Woermann D. Concentration Fluctuations in the Vicinity of the Liquid/Liquid Coexistence Curve of a Binary Mixture with a Lower Critical Point. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19950990609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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66
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Mihelcic D, Ehhalt DH, Klomfass J, Schmitz J, Trainer M, Helten M. Nachweis von RO2- und NO2-Radikalen in der Troposphäre mit Hilfe von Matrixisolationstechnik und EPR-Spektroskopie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19780821111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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67
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Schmitz J, Weinberg G, Dragun D, Claussen M, Magnussen H, Kirsten D. Goodpasture's disease als Berufskrankheit? Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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68
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Gouveia R, Bonfim C, Ginani V, Zecchin V, Carlesse F, Carvalho C, Schmitz J, Marconcini J, Porto D, Duarte A, Ribeiro L, Félix O, Simões P, Silva A, Petrilli A, Carvalho B, Pinto M, Seber A. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation For Patients With Severe Combined Immunodeficiency And Disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Infections. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.12.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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69
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Walters RJ, van Loon RVA, Brunets I, Schmitz J, Polman A. A silicon-based electrical source of surface plasmon polaritons. NATURE MATERIALS 2010; 9:21-25. [PMID: 19966790 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
After decades of process scaling driven by Moore's law, the silicon microelectronics world is now defined by length scales that are many times smaller than the dimensions of typical micro-optical components. This size mismatch poses an important challenge for those working to integrate photonics with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics technology. One promising solution is to fabricate optical systems at metal/dielectric interfaces, where electromagnetic modes called surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) offer unique opportunities to confine and control light at length scales below 100 nm (refs 1, 2). Research groups working in the rapidly developing field of plasmonics have now demonstrated many passive components that suggest the potential of SPPs for applications in sensing and optical communication. Recently, active plasmonic devices based on III-V materials and organic materials have been reported. An electrical source of SPPs was recently demonstrated using organic semiconductors by Koller and colleagues. Here we show that a silicon-based electrical source for SPPs can be fabricated using established low-temperature microtechnology processes that are compatible with back-end CMOS technology.
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Baumgart DC, Thomas S, Przesdzing I, Metzke D, Bielecki C, Lehmann SM, Lehnardt S, Dörffel Y, Sturm A, Scheffold A, Schmitz J, Radbruch A. Exaggerated inflammatory response of primary human myeloid dendritic cells to lipopolysaccharide in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 157:423-36. [PMID: 19664152 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a breakdown of tolerance towards the indigenous flora in genetically susceptible hosts. Failure of dendritic cells (DC) to interpret molecular microbial patterns appropriately when directing innate and adaptive immune responses is conceivable. Primary (conventional, non-monocyte generated) CD1c(+)CD11c(+)CD14(-)CD16(-)CD19(-) myeloid blood or mucosal dendritic cells (mDC) from 76 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) in remission, during flare-ups (FU) and 76 healthy or non-IBD controls were analysed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cytokine secretion of freshly isolated, cultured and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated highly purified mDC (purity >95%) was assessed using cytometric bead arrays (CBA). More cultured and stimulated circulating mDC express CD40 in IBD patients. Stimulated circulating mDC from IBD patients secrete significantly more tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-8. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 expression by mDC was higher in remission and increased significantly in flaring UC and CD patients compared with remission (P < 0.05) and controls (P < 0.001). Fluorochrome-labelled LPS uptake by mDC was evaluated at different time-points over 24 h by measuring mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Circulating mDC from IBD patients take up more LPS and the uptake begins earlier compared with controls (P < 0.05 in CD-FU and UC-FU at 24 h). The frequency of mucosal mDC (P < 0.05) and the number of CD40 expressing mucosal mDC is significantly greater in UC and CD compared with non-IBD controls (P < 0.001 versus P < 0.01, respectively). Our data suggest an aberrant LPS response of mDC in IBD patients, resulting in an inflammatory phenotype and possibly intestinal homing in acute flares.
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Bishu S, Quigley JM, Schmitz J, Bishu SR, Stemm RA, Olsasky SM, Paknikar S, Holdeman KH, Armitage JO, Hankins JH. F-18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography in the assessment of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 48:1531-8. [PMID: 17701584 DOI: 10.1080/10428190701344915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
F-18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) is highly sensitive and specific in the imaging of B-cell lymphomas. In contrast, its utility in the diagnostic evaluation of T-cell lymphomas is less defined. In this article, we present our finding utilizing PET in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL). A retrospective review of patients who underwent PET examinations at our institution produced 24 PET examinations among patients with PTCL. A lesion-based analysis was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of PET in PTCL. PET findings were compared with a standard of reference and sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. PET had an overall sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 100%. PET had high sensitivity (95%) at nodal and non-cutaneous extra-nodal sites and poor sensitivity (13%) at cutaneous sites. The mean SUV of abnormal foci in anaplastic large cell lymphoma was 11 mg/ml (range: 3 - 40), and PTCL-unclassified was 8 mg/ml (range: 1 - 23).
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
- Humans
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/diagnostic imaging
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/diagnostic imaging
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/drug therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Radiopharmaceuticals
- Retrospective Studies
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Survival Rate
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Treatment Outcome
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Thomas S, Przesdzing I, Metzke D, Schmitz J, Radbruch A, Baumgart DC. Saccharomyces boulardii inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of human dendritic cells and T cell proliferation. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 156:78-87. [PMID: 19161443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) is a probiotic yeast preparation that has demonstrated efficacy in inflammatory and infectious disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in controlled clinical trials. Although patients clearly benefit from treatment with Sb, little is known on how Sb unfolds its anti-inflammatory properties in humans. Dendritic cells (DC) balance tolerance and immunity and are involved critically in the control of T cell activation. Thus, they are believed to have a pivotal role in the initiation and perpetuation of chronic inflammatory disorders, not only in the gut. We therefore decided to investigate if Sb modulates DC function. Culture of primary (native, non-monocyte-derived) human myeloid CD1c+CD11c+CD123(-) DC (mDC) in the presence of Sb culture supernatant (active component molecular weight < 3 kDa, as evaluated by membrane partition chromatography) reduced significantly expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD80 (P < 0.01) and the DC mobilization marker CC-chemokine receptor CCR7 (CD197) (P < 0.001) induced by the prototypical microbial antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, secretion of key proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 were notably reduced, while the secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10 increased. Finally, Sb supernatant inhibited the proliferation of naive T cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction with mDC. In summary, our data suggest that Sb may exhibit part of its anti-inflammatory potential through modulation of DC phenotype, function and migration by inhibition of their immune response to bacterial microbial surrogate antigens such as LPS.
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Cruse H, Dürr V, Schilling M, Schmitz J. Principles of Insect Locomotion. COGNITIVE SYSTEMS MONOGRAPHS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-88464-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rau TT, Hartmann A, Dietmaier W, Schmitz J, Hohenberger W, Hofstaedter F, Katenkamp K. Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumour: differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumour in the stomach. J Clin Pathol 2008; 61:1136-7. [PMID: 18820104 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2008.059162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal tumours other than gastrointestinal stromal tumours are rare in the stomach. Nevertheless it is important to incorporate them into the differential diagnosis. Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumour is a recently described new entity of a presumably benign mesenchymal gastric tumour. This report presents what is believed to be the third case of this tumour. The tumour is characterised by bland spindle cells in a plexiform pattern, a mucinous extracellular matrix and a network of thin blood vessels. These findings are completely in line with the two previous reported cases. There was a strong positivity for alpha-smooth muscle actin and a low proliferation index (<2%). The tumour had no C-KIT or CD34 expression and no mutation in the C-KIT and PDFGRalpha genes. Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumour may present a new mesenchymal tumour entity in the stomach.
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Silvain M, Bligny D, Aparicio T, Laforêt P, Grodet A, Peretti N, Ménard D, Djouadi F, Jardel C, Bégué JM, Walker F, Schmitz J, Lachaux A, Aggerbeck LP, Samson-Bouma ME. Anderson’s disease (chylomicron retention disease): a new mutation in the SARA2 gene associated with muscular and cardiac abnormalities. Clin Genet 2008; 74:546-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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76
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Dumond P, Schmitz J, Baudon JJ, Lachaux A, Ginies JL, Lenaerts C, Chouraqui JP, Eckart JP, Born A, Huet F, Straczek J, Drai S, Vidailhet M, Morali A. SFP-19 – Hépatologie, gastro-entérologie et nutrition – Le déficit congénital en saccharase-isomaltase, étude rétrospective de 53 cas diagnostiqués de 1963 à 2003 : faisons-nous mieux qu’avant ? Arch Pediatr 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(08)72086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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77
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Schmitz J, Garnier-Lengliné H. [Celiac disease diagnosis in 2008]. Arch Pediatr 2008; 15:456-61. [PMID: 18400480 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1990's, the widespread use of very sensitive and specific serological tests has completely changed the conditions of the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). The active form of the disease is now only the tip of the iceberg representing it. Currently, CD is evoked either in front of mild digestive symptoms at the usual age or in the course of screening in siblings of an index case or in patients at risk (insulin dependent diabetes for example) at a later age using IgA anti-endomysium or anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies, the sensitivities and specificities of which exceed 90%. In some cases, HLA typing is helpful in allowing to exclude a patient who is neither DQ2 nor DQ8. The intestinal biopsy remains the "gold standard" of the diagnosis showing villous atrophy; the latter, however, is less and less often severe as the disease is milder and milder. The diagnosis of CD then rests on the confrontation of the clinical, biological and histological data. Once CD has been diagnosed, it can be classified either as active or silent (positive serology with isolated villous atrophy), or latent (positive serology with a normal mucosa) and the appropriate therapeutic decision can be taken.
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Kirsten D, Kirsten A, Schmitz J, Heinrichs D, Magnussen H. Lebensbedrohliche Komplikationen bei Lungensarkoidose? Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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79
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Kirsten D, Kirsten A, Schmitz J, Magnussen H. Bullöse Lungenveränderungen bei Sarkoidose? Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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80
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Heinrichs D, Kirsten D, Schmitz J, Zeschnigk T, Magnussen H. Exogen-allergische Alveolitis und Emphysem. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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81
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Colonna L, Ogryzlo‐Harbers SN, Catalano G, Flores M, Chew C, Masuda E, Schmitz J, Thomas J, Clynes R. Targeting Syk in autoimmune diabetes. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1074.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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82
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Chackerian AA, Oldham ER, Murphy EE, Schmitz J, Pflanz S, Kastelein RA. IL-1 receptor accessory protein and ST2 comprise the IL-33 receptor complex. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:2551-5. [PMID: 17675517 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.4.2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 (IL-1F11) is a recently described member of the IL-1 family of cytokines that stimulates the generation of cells, cytokines, and Igs characteristic of a type 2 immune response. IL-33 mediates signal transduction through ST2, a receptor expressed on Th2 and mast cells. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-33 and ST2 form a complex with IL-1R accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), a signaling receptor subunit that is also a member of the IL-1R complex. Additionally, IL-1RAcP is required for IL-33-induced in vivo effects, and IL-33-mediated signal transduction can be inhibited by dominant-negative IL-1RAcP. The implications of this shared usage of IL-1RAcP by IL-1(alpha and beta) and IL-33 are discussed.
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83
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Yoo P, Mulkeen A, Schmitz J, Uchio E, Chu E, Cha C. P60. J Surg Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.12.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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84
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Yoo P, Mulkeen A, Schmitz J, Uchio E, Chu E, Longo W, Cha C. 173. J Surg Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.12.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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85
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Ellouz-Zimmermann N, Lallemant SJ, Castilla R, Mouchot N, Leturmy P, Battani A, Buret C, Cherel L, Desaubliaux G, Deville E, Ferrand J, Lügcke A, Mahieux G, Mascle G, Mühr P, Pierson-Wickmann AC, Robion P, Schmitz J, Danish M, Hasany S, Shahzad A, Tabreez A. Offshore Frontal Part of the Makran Accretionary Prism: The Chamak Survey (Pakistan). THRUST BELTS AND FORELAND BASINS 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-69426-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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86
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Uhlen S, Belbouab R, Narebski K, Goulet O, Schmitz J, Cézard JP, Turck D, Ruemmele FM. Efficacy of methotrexate in pediatric Crohn's disease: a French multicenter study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006; 12:1053-7. [PMID: 17075346 DOI: 10.1097/01.mib.0000235103.47280.bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppressors play a major role in maintaining remission in Crohn's disease (CD). In patients who do not tolerate or escape therapy with azathioprine (AZA)/6-mercaptopurine, there is a marked need for other immunosuppressive drugs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of methotrexate (MTX) in children with active CD. METHODS In a retrospective multicenter (n = 3) study, the efficacy of MTX to induce complete remission or a clinical improvement was analyzed in 61 children with active CD. RESULTS CD was diagnosed at a mean age of 11.1 +/- 2.3 years, and MTX was introduced 3.1 +/- 2.2 years after diagnosis. Indications to use MTX were a nonresponse to or relapse under AZA (n = 42) or AZA intolerance/toxicity (n = 19). MTX improved or induced complete remission in 49 patients (80%), of whom 18 (29.5%) relapsed after 13 +/- 10 months of treatment. Under MTX medication, complete remission was observed in 39%, 49%, and 45% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Follow-up over at least 24 months in 11 children confirmed a sustained remission on MTX monotherapy up to 40 months. Adverse reactions were observed in 14 patients (24%), requiring discontinuation of MTX in 6 children (10%) (liver enzyme elevation, n = 2; varicella-zoster, n = 1; nausea, n = 3). MTX allowed corticosteroid discontinuation in 36 patients. CONCLUSIONS MTX improved the clinical course in most pediatric CD patients who escaped or did not tolerate AZA. Short-time toxicity of MTX resulted in drug discontinuation in <10%. These data point to a beneficial and safe use of MTX in the treatment of pediatric CD.
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87
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Begue B, Dumant C, Bambou JC, Beaulieu JF, Chamaillard M, Hugot JP, Goulet O, Schmitz J, Philpott DJ, Cerf-Bensussan N, Ruemmele FM. Microbial induction of CARD15 expression in intestinal epithelial cells via toll-like receptor 5 triggers an antibacterial response loop. J Cell Physiol 2006; 209:241-52. [PMID: 16897777 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With the discovery of CARD15 as susceptibility gene for Crohn's disease (CD) a first link to a potential defect in the innate immune system was made. In this work we aimed to analyze enterocyte NOD2/CARD15 expression and regulation in response to bacterial motifs and the consequences of the most common CD-specific CARD15 mutation on antibacterial responses of normal intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Under normal conditions, IEC lines and ileal enterocytes did not express NOD2/CARD15 mRNA or protein, contrary to IEC derived from inflammatory CD sections. In vitro analyses revealed that the simple contact with non-pathogenic commensal E. Coli K12 was sufficient to induced NOD2/CARD15 mRNA and protein in human IEC (HIEC). We identified bacterial flagellin interacting with TLR5 as major motif in this regulation of NOD2/CARD15. E. Coli mutants not expressing flagellin (DeltaFliC) failed to induce CARD15. Similarly, in HIEC transfected with a plasmid encoding dominant negative TLR5, no CARD15 induction was observed after K12 contact. Isolated TLR2 or TLR4 stimulation had no or only a marginal effect on NOD2/CARD15 expression. NOD2/CARD15 negative HIEC were unresponsive to muramyl dipeptide (MDP), but once NOD2/CARD15 was induced, HIEC and Caco2 cells responded to intra or extracellular MDP presentation with the activation of the NFkB pathway. IEC transfected with the Crohn-specific CARD15 mutant (F3020insC, FS) failed to activate NFkB after MDP-challenge, in contrast to CARD15WT IEC. In response to MDP, IEC induced a massive antibacterial peptide (ABP) response, seen in the apical release of CCL20. This was completely abolished in IEC carrying CARD15FS. These data suggest a critical role of NOD2/CARD15 in the bacterial clearance of the intestinal epithelium while CD-specific mutated NOD2/CARD15 causes an impaired epithelial barrier.
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88
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Linn T, Schmitz J, Hauck-Schmalenberger I, Lai Y, Bretzel RG, Brandhorst H, Brandhorst D. Ischaemia is linked to inflammation and induction of angiogenesis in pancreatic islets. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 144:179-87. [PMID: 16634789 PMCID: PMC1809653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-cell replacement is the only way to restore euglycaemia in patients with type-1 diabetes. Pancreatic tissue, processed for subsequent clinical islet transplantation, is exposed to ischaemia causing injury and death in a large number of islets before and after transplantation. In this review we summarize what is known on the sources of environmental stress for pancreatic islets, such as insufficient oxygen supply during pancreas procurement and in culture prior to intraportal transplantation, nutritional and oxygen deprivation during the isolation process, and the consequences of hyperglycaemia. An increasingly recognized role in the modulation of beta-cell function and these environmental stress factors plays the vascular network of the pancreatic islets. Islet revascularization by angiogenesis is relevant for the survival of the graft subsequent to transplantation. Potential strategies offered by therapeutic induction of revascularization to ameliorate the detrimental impact of these factors on the quality of islet transplants are discussed.
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Bankras R, Holleman J, Schmitz J, Sturm M, Zinine A, Wormeester H, Poelsema B. In Situ Reflective High-Energy Electron Diffraction Analysis During the Initial Stage of a Trimethylaluminum/Water ALD Process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200506433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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90
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Ahlbrecht K, Schmitz J, Mitnacht-Kraus R, Haberberger R, Herold S, Breier G, Seeger W, Voswinckel R. Stadien-abhängige epitheliale Expression des VEGF-Rezeptors 2 während der Lungenentwicklung der Maus. Pneumologie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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91
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Schmitz J, Schneider D, Lai Y, Hauck-Schmalenberger I, Linn T. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases survival of pancreatic beta cells. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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92
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Ahlbrecht K, Schmitz J, Mitnacht-Kraus R, Haberberger RV, Herold S, Breier G, Seeger W, Voswinckel R. Stadien-abhängige epitheliale Expression des VEGF-Rezeptors 2 während der Lungenentwicklung der Maus. Pneumologie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-925501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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93
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Campbell M, Heijne E, Llopart X, Chefdeville M, Colas P, Giomataris Y, Colijn A, Fornaini A, van der Graaf H, Kluit P, Timmermans J, Visschers J, Schmitz J. An integrated readout system for drift chambers: the application of monolithic CMOS pixel sensors as segmented direct anode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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94
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Meyer TPH, Zehnter I, Hofmann B, Zaisserer J, Burkhart J, Rapp S, Weinauer F, Schmitz J, Illert WE. Filter Buffy Coats (FBC): a source of peripheral blood leukocytes recovered from leukocyte depletion filters. J Immunol Methods 2005; 307:150-66. [PMID: 16325197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Revised: 09/23/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In compliance with federal regulations, blood banks routinely use leukocyte depletion filters to eliminate contaminating leukocytes from blood products such as red blood cell and platelet concentrates. We developed and optimized conditions to elute leukocytes adsorbed to these filters; resulting in leukocyte suspensions which we termed Filter Buffy Coats (FBCs). These Filter Buffy Coats can replace standard buffy coats for various research applications. After optimizing both the filter elution medium as well as elution protocols, we compared commonly used leukocyte depletion filters from four different manufacturers. Relative fractions as well as total recoveries of leukocyte subsets, such as lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes, found in Filter Buffy Coats were identified and compared among the filters as well as to standard buffy coats and whole blood. Flow cytometric analysis of Filter Buffy Coats confirmed the presence of T- and B-lymphocytes, NK cells and monocytes. Furthermore, a significant quantity of CD34(+) hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells (HSC/HPC) was detected in Filter Buffy Coats prepared from different filters, thus making FBCs a valuable source for research on HSC/HPC. Colony assays revealed that most of these CD34(+) cells are functional. Using immunomagnetic cell sorting (MACS), we isolated a variety of leukocyte populations from FBC mononuclear cells (Filter-PBMCs) including T lymphocytes (CD4(+), CD8(+), CD3(+)), B lymphocytes (CD19(+)), NK cells (CD56(+)), HSC/HPC (CD34(+), CD133(+)) or dendritic cells (BDCA-4(+)). Functional properties of Filter-PBMCs, as well as of some of these isolated leukocyte populations, were confirmed using standard assays. In summary, Filter Buffy Coats are a valuable and convenient source of different peripheral leukocyte populations and can replace standard buffy coat preparations for research applications.
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95
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Schmitz J, Owyang A, Oldham E, Song Y, Murphy E, McClanahan TK, Zurawski G, Moshrefi M, Qin J, Li X, Gorman DM, Bazan JF, Kastelein RA. IL-33, an Interleukin-1-like Cytokine that Signals via the IL-1 Receptor-Related Protein ST2 and Induces T Helper Type 2-Associated Cytokines. Immunity 2005; 23:479-90. [PMID: 16286016 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2731] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2005] [Revised: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, such as IL-1 alpha/beta and IL-18, have important functions in host defense, immune regulation, and inflammation. Insight into their biological functions has led to novel therapeutic approaches to treat human inflammatory diseases. Within the IL-1 family, IL-1 alpha/beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-18 have been matched to their respective receptor complexes and have been shown to have distinct biological functions. The most prominent orphan IL-1 receptor is ST 2. This receptor has been described as a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor-IL-1 receptor signaling, but it also functions as an important effector molecule of T helper type 2 responses. We report a member of the IL-1 family, IL-33, which mediates its biological effects via IL-1 receptor ST 2, activates NF-kappaB and MAP kinases, and drives production of T(H)2-associated cytokines from in vitro polarized T(H)2 cells. In vivo, IL-33 induces the expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and leads to severe pathological changes in mucosal organs.
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Ludwig A, Rozhdestvensky TS, Kuryshev VY, Schmitz J, Brosius J. An Unusual Primate Locus that Attracted Two Independent Alu Insertions and Facilitates their Transcription. J Mol Biol 2005; 350:200-14. [PMID: 15922354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2005] [Revised: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BC200 RNA, a neuronal, small non-messenger RNA that originated from a monomeric Alu element is specific to anthropoid primates. Tarsiers lack an insert at the orthologous genomic position, whereas strepsirrhines (Lemuriformes and Lorisiformes) acquired a dimeric Alu element, independently from anthropoids. In Galago moholi, the CpG dinucleotides are conspicuously conserved, while in Eulemur coronatus a large proportion is changed, indicating that the G.moholi Alu is under purifying selection and might be transcribed. Indeed, Northern blot analysis of total brain RNA from G.moholi with a specific probe revealed a prominent signal. In contrast, a corresponding signal was absent from brain RNA from E.coronatus. Isolation and sequence analysis of additional strepsirrhine loci confirmed the differential sequence conservation including CpG patterns of the orthologous dimeric Alu elements in Lorisiformes and Lemuriformes. Interestingly, all examined Alu elements from Lorisiformes were transcribed, while all from Lemuriformes were silent when transiently transfected into HeLa cells. Upstream sequences, especially those between the transcriptional start site and -22 upstream, were important for basal transcriptional activity. Thus, the BC200 RNA gene locus attracted two independent Alu insertions during its evolutionary history and provided upstream promoter elements required for their transcription.
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97
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Schmitz J, Amthor M, Zeschnigk T, Magnussen H, Kirsten D. Fallbericht einer Erdheim-Chester-Krankheit mit Lungenbeteiligung. Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-864375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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98
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Ahlbrecht K, Schmitz J, Mitnacht-Kraus R, Breier G, Seeger W, Voswinckel R. Pulmonale epitheliale Expression des VEGF-Rezeptors 2 während der Lungenentwicklung der Maus. Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-864278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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99
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Baumgart DC, Metzke D, Schmitz J, Scheffold A, Sturm A, Wiedenmann B, Dignass AU. Patients with active inflammatory bowel disease lack immature peripheral blood plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells. Gut 2005; 54:228-36. [PMID: 15647187 PMCID: PMC1774844 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2004.040360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakdown of tolerance against the commensal microflora is believed to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dendritic cells (DC) have been implicated in this process in various animal models, but data on human DC in IBD are very limited. AIM To characterise plasmacytoid DC (PDC) and myeloid DC (MDC) in patients with active versus inactive IBD and healthy controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS Peripheral blood was obtained from 106 patients (Crohn's disease (CD) n=49, ulcerative colitis (UC) n=57) and healthy controls (n=19). Disease activity was scored using the modified Truelove Witts (MTWSI) for UC and the Harvey Bradshaw severity indices (HBSI) for CD. Four colour flow cytometric analysis was used to identify, enumerate, and phenotype DC. DC from patients with acute flare ups and healthy controls were cultured and stimulated with CpG ODN 2006 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS IBD patients in remission (PDC UC, 0.39%; CD, 0.35%; MDC-1 UC, 0.23%; CD, 0.22% of PBMC) have slightly lower numbers of circulating DC compared with healthy controls (PDC 0.41%, MDC-1 0.25% of PBMC). In acute flare ups IBD patients experience a significant drop of DC (PDC UC, 0.04%; CD, 0.11%; MDC-1 UC, 0.11%; CD, 0.14% of PBMC) that correlates with disease activity (correlation coefficients: PDC MTWSI, 0.93; HBSI, 0.79; MDC-1 MTWSI, 0.75; HBSI, 0.81). Moreover, both express alpha4beta7 integrin and display an immature phenotype. Freshly isolated PDC and MDC-1 from untreated flaring IBD patients express higher baseline levels of CD86 which increases further in culture and upon stimulation compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION IBD patients lack immature blood DC during flare ups which possibly migrate to the gut. An aberrant response to microbial surrogate stimuli suggests a disturbed interaction with commensals.
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100
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Ahlbrecht K, Schmitz J, Mitnacht-Kraus R, Breier G, Seeger W, Voswinckel R. Pulmonale epitheliale Expression des VEGF-Rezeptors 2 während der Lungenentwicklung der Maus. Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-862729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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