1
|
Zhao H, Zheng C, Zhang M, Chen S. The relationship between vitamin D status and islet function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:203. [PMID: 34663294 PMCID: PMC8522231 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between vitamin D status and islet function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS The participants were recruited from Hebei General Hospital. Basic characteristics and blood indicators were collected after fasting overnight. The data were analyzed statistically using SPSS 22.0. Analysis of variance, a nonparametric test, or a trend Chi-square test was used for the comparisons. The association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D and modified homeostasis model assessment-β was assessed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS One hundred seventy-four patients aged 26 to 79 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. Patients with vitamin D deficiency had a lower modified homeostasis model assessment-β level compared with those without vitamin D deficiency. There were differences in body mass index, diabetes course, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, fasting blood C-peptide, triglyceride, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D among different modified homeostasis model assessment-β groups based upon the tertiles. 25-hydroxy vitamin D, as continuous or categorical variables, was positively related to modified homeostasis model assessment-β whether or not cofounding factors were adjusted. CONCLUSION There is an association between increased 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and improvement in modified homeostasis model assessment-β function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. TRIAL REGISTRATION Cross-sectional trails ChiCTR2000029391 , Registration Date: 29/01/2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051 Hebei China
| | - Chong Zheng
- Pediatric Orthopaedics, Shijiazhuang the Third Hospital, 15, Sports South Street, Shijiazhuang, 050011 Hebei China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 Hebei China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051 Hebei China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ivask M, Volke V, Raasmaja A, Kõks S. High-fat diet associated sensitization to metabolic stress in Wfs1 heterozygous mice. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 134:203-211. [PMID: 34312071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein (WFS1) gene and characterized by diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, optic atrophy and deafness. In experimental models the homozygous Wfs1 mutant mice have a full penetrance and clearly expressed phenotype, whereas heterozygous mutants have a less-pronounced phenotype between the wild-type and homozygous mutant mice. Heterozygous WFS1 mutations have been shown to be significant risk factors for diabetes and metabolic disorders in humans. In the present study we analyzed the response of heterozygous Wfs1 mice to high fat diet (HFD) by exploring potential outcomes and molecular changes induced by this challenge. The HFD treatment increased the body weight (BW) similarly both in Wfs1 wild-type (WT) and heterozygous (HZ) mice, and therefore HFD also prevented the impaired BW gain found in Wfs1 mutant mice. In Wfs1HZ mutant mice, HFD impaired the normalized insulin secretion and the expression of ER stress genes in isolated pancreatic islets. These results suggest that Wfs1HZ mice have a decreased insulin response and pronounced cellular stress response due to a higher sensitivity to HFD as hypothesized. In Wfs1HZ mice, HFD increased the expression of Ire1α and Chop in pancreas and decreased that of Ire1α and Atf4 in liver. The present study shows that HFD can disturb insulin function with an increased ER stress in Wfs1HZ mice and only one functional Wfs1 gene copy is not sufficient to compensate this challenge. In conclusion, our study indicates that quantitative Wfs1 gene deficiency is sufficient to predispose the carriers of single functional Wfs1 copy to diabetes and metabolic syndrome and makes them susceptible to the environmental challenges such as HFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilin Ivask
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Volke
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Endocrinology Unit, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Atso Raasmaja
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are central to glucose homeostasis, and their failure is a principal driver of diabetes development. To preserve optimal health β-cells must withstand both intrinsic and extrinsic stressors, ranging from inflammation to increased peripheral insulin demand, in addition to maintaining insulin biosynthesis and secretory machinery. Autophagy is increasingly being appreciated as a critical β-cell quality control system vital for glycemic control. Here we focus on the underappreciated, yet crucial, roles for selective and organelle-specific forms of autophagy as mediators of β-cell health. We examine the unique molecular players underlying each distinct form of autophagy in β-cells, including selective autophagy of mitochondria, insulin granules, lipid, intracellular amyloid aggregates, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisomes. We also describe how defects in selective autophagy pathways contribute to the development of diabetes. As all forms of autophagy are not the same, a refined view of β-cell selective autophagy may inform new approaches to defend against the various insults leading to β-cell failure in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Pearson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Emily M Walker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Scott A Soleimanpour
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation has been shown to regulate obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, whether METTL3, the key methyltransferase for m6A mRNA methylation, regulates β-cell failure in diabetes has not been fully explored. Here, we show that METTL3 is downregulated under the inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions, and islet β-cell-specific deletion of Mettl3 induces β-cell failure and hyperglycemia, which is likely due to decreased m6A modification and reduced expression of insulin secretion-related genes. Overall, METTL3 might be a potential drug target for the treatment of β-cell failure in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuze Jiang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xu Sun
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yongsen Wu
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lithovius V, Saarimäki-Vire J, Balboa D, Ibrahim H, Montaser H, Barsby T, Otonkoski T. SUR1-mutant iPS cell-derived islets recapitulate the pathophysiology of congenital hyperinsulinism. Diabetologia 2021; 64:630-640. [PMID: 33404684 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Congenital hyperinsulinism caused by mutations in the KATP-channel-encoding genes (KATPHI) is a potentially life-threatening disorder of the pancreatic beta cells. No optimal medical treatment is available for patients with diazoxide-unresponsive diffuse KATPHI. Therefore, we aimed to create a model of KATPHI using patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived islets. METHODS We derived iPSCs from a patient carrying a homozygous ABCC8V187D mutation, which inactivates the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) subunit of the KATP-channel. CRISPR-Cas9 mutation-corrected iPSCs were used as controls. Both were differentiated to stem cell-derived islet-like clusters (SC-islets) and implanted into NOD-SCID gamma mice. RESULTS SUR1-mutant and -corrected iPSC lines both differentiated towards the endocrine lineage, but SUR1-mutant stem cells generated 32% more beta-like cells (SC-beta cells) (64.6% vs 49.0%, p = 0.02) and 26% fewer alpha-like cells (16.1% vs 21.8% p = 0.01). SUR1-mutant SC-beta cells were 61% more proliferative (1.23% vs 0.76%, p = 0.006), and this phenotype could be induced in SUR1-corrected cells with pharmacological KATP-channel inactivation. The SUR1-mutant SC-islets secreted 3.2-fold more insulin in low glucose conditions (0.0174% vs 0.0054%/min, p = 0.0021) and did not respond to KATP-channel-acting drugs in vitro. Mice carrying grafts of SUR1-mutant SC-islets presented with 38% lower fasting blood glucose (4.8 vs 7.7 mmol/l, p = 0.009) and their grafts failed to efficiently shut down insulin secretion during induced hypoglycaemia. Explanted SUR1-mutant grafts displayed an increase in SC-beta cell proportion and SC-beta cell nucleomegaly, which was independent of proliferation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We have created a model recapitulating the known pathophysiology of KATPHI both in vitro and in vivo. We have also identified a novel role for KATP-channel activity during human islet development. This model will enable further studies for the improved understanding and clinical management of KATPHI without the need for primary patient tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Väinö Lithovius
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jonna Saarimäki-Vire
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diego Balboa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hazem Ibrahim
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hossam Montaser
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom Barsby
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Müller JA, Groß R, Conzelmann C, Krüger J, Merle U, Steinhart J, Weil T, Koepke L, Bozzo CP, Read C, Fois G, Eiseler T, Gehrmann J, van Vuuren J, Wessbecher IM, Frick M, Costa IG, Breunig M, Grüner B, Peters L, Schuster M, Liebau S, Seufferlein T, Stenger S, Stenzinger A, MacDonald PE, Kirchhoff F, Sparrer KMJ, Walther P, Lickert H, Barth TFE, Wagner M, Münch J, Heller S, Kleger A. SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in cells of the human endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Nat Metab 2021; 3:149-165. [PMID: 33536639 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection-related diabetes can arise as a result of virus-associated β-cell destruction. Clinical data suggest that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), impairs glucose homoeostasis, but experimental evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can infect pancreatic tissue has been lacking. In the present study, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infects cells of the human exocrine and endocrine pancreas ex vivo and in vivo. We demonstrate that human β-cells express viral entry proteins, and SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in cultured human islets. Infection is associated with morphological, transcriptional and functional changes, including reduced numbers of insulin-secretory granules in β-cells and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In COVID-19 full-body postmortem examinations, we detected SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in pancreatic exocrine cells, and in cells that stain positive for the β-cell marker NKX6.1 and are in close proximity to the islets of Langerhans in all four patients investigated. Our data identify the human pancreas as a target of SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest that β-cell infection could contribute to the metabolic dysregulation observed in patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janis A Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carina Conzelmann
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Tatjana Weil
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lennart Koepke
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Clarissa Read
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giorgio Fois
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Gehrmann
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joanne van Vuuren
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel M Wessbecher
- Tissue Bank of the German Center for Infection Research, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Breunig
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Beate Grüner
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lynn Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sandra Heller
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Despite a rapidly growing literature, the role played by the brain in both normal glucose homeostasis and in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In this review, we introduce a framework for understanding the brain's essential role in these processes based on evidence that the brain, like the pancreas, is equipped to sense and respond to changes in the circulating glucose level. Further, we review evidence that glucose sensing by the brain plays a fundamental role in establishing the defended level of blood glucose, and that defects in this control system contribute to type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. We also consider the possibility that the close association between obesity and type 2 diabetes arises from a shared defect in the highly integrated neurocircuitry governing energy homeostasis and glucose homeostasis. Thus, whereas obesity is characterised by an increase in the defended level of the body's fuel stores (e.g. adipose mass), type 2 diabetes is characterised by an increase in the defended level of the body's available fuel (e.g. circulating glucose), with the underlying pathogenesis in each case involving impaired sensing of (or responsiveness to) relevant humoral negative feedback signals. This perspective is strengthened by growing preclinical evidence that in type 2 diabetes the defended level of blood glucose can be restored to normal by therapies that restore the brain's ability to properly sense the circulating glucose level. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Alonge
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David A D'Alessio
- Duke Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kilberg MJ, Harris C, Sheikh S, Stefanovski D, Cuchel M, Kubrak C, Hadjiliadis D, Rubenstein RC, Rickels MR, Kelly A. Hypoglycemia and Islet Dysfunction Following Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing in Pancreatic-Insufficient Cystic Fibrosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5872086. [PMID: 32668452 PMCID: PMC7755140 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-related hypoglycemia is common in pancreatic-insufficient cystic fibrosis (PI-CF), but its mechanistic underpinnings are yet to be established. OBJECTIVE To delineate the mechanism(s) underlying OGTT-related hypoglycemia. DESIGN AND SETTING We performed 180-minute OGTTs with frequent blood sampling in adolescents and young adults with PI-CF and compared results with those from a historical healthy control group. Hypoglycemia (Hypo[+]) was defined as plasma glucose <65 mg/dL. We hypothesized that CF-Hypo[+] would demonstrate impaired early phase insulin secretion and persistent late insulin effect compared with control-Hypo[+], and explored the contextual counterregulatory response. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE OGTT 1-hour and nadir glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and insulin secretory rate (ISR) incremental areas under the curve (AUC) between 0 and 30 minutes (early) and between 120 and 180 minutes (late), and Δglucagon120-180min and Δfree fatty acids (FFAs)120-180min were compared between individuals with CF and control participants with Hypo[+]. RESULTS Hypoglycemia occurred in 15/23 (65%) patients with CF (43% female, aged 24.8 [14.6-30.6] years) and 8/15 (55%) control participants (33% female, aged 26 [21-38] years). The CF-Hypo[+] group versus the control-Hypo[+] group had higher 1-hour glucose (197 ± 49 vs 139 ± 53 mg/dL; P = 0.05) and lower nadir glucose levels (48 ± 7 vs 59 ± 4 mg/dL; P < 0.01), while insulin, C-peptide, and ISR-AUC0-30 min results were lower and insulin and C-peptide, and AUC120-180min results were higher (P < 0.05). Individuals with CF-Hypo[+] had lower Δglucagon120-180min and ΔFFA120-180min compared with the control-Hypo[+] group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS OGTT-related hypoglycemia in PI-CF is associated with elevated 1-hour glucose, impaired early phase insulin secretion, higher late insulin exposure, and less increase in glucagon and FFAs. These data suggest that hypoglycemia in CF is a manifestation of islet dysfunction including an impaired counterregulatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa J Kilberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Marissa Kilberg, MD, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 3500 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail:
| | - Clea Harris
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Saba Sheikh
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies—New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Division of Translational Medicine & Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina Kubrak
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Denis Hadjiliadis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald C Rubenstein
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael R Rickels
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PA
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
For much of the last century, our knowledge regarding the pancreas in type 1 and type 2 diabetes was largely derived from autopsy studies of individuals with these disorders or investigations utilising rodent models of either disease. While many important insights emanated from these efforts, the mode for investigation has increasingly seen change due to the availability of transplant-quality organ-donor tissues, improvements in pancreatic imaging, advances in metabolic assessments of living patients, genetic analyses, technological advances for laboratory investigation and more. As a result, many long-standing notions regarding the role for and the changes that occur in the pancreas in individuals with these disorders have come under question, while, at the same time, new issues (e.g., beta cell persistence, disease heterogeneity, exocrine contributions) have arisen. In this article, we will consider the vital role of the pancreas in human health and physiology, including discussion of its anatomical features and dual (exocrine and endocrine) functions. Specifically, we convey changes that occur in the pancreas of those with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, with careful attention to the facets that may contribute to the pathogenesis of either disorder. Finally, we discuss the emerging unknowns with the belief that understanding the role of the pancreas in type 1 and type 2 diabetes will lead to improvements in disease diagnosis, understanding of disease heterogeneity and optimisation of treatments at a personalised level. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Box 100275, 1275 Center Dr., BMSB J593, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Martha Campbell-Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Box 100275, 1275 Center Dr., BMSB J593, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida College of Engineering, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Irina Kusmartseva
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Box 100275, 1275 Center Dr., BMSB J593, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The islets of Langerhans are well embedded within the exocrine pancreas (the latter comprised of ducts and acini), but the nature of interactions between these pancreatic compartments and their role in determining normal islet function and survival are poorly understood. However, these interactions appear to be critical, as when pancreatic exocrine disease occurs, islet function and insulin secretion frequently decline to the point that diabetes ensues, termed pancreatogenic diabetes. The most common forms of pancreatogenic diabetes involve sustained exocrine disease leading to ductal obstruction, acinar inflammation, and fibro-fatty replacement of the exocrine pancreas that predates the development of dysfunction of the endocrine pancreas, as seen in chronic pancreatitis-associated diabetes and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes and, more rarely, MODY type 8. Intriguingly, a form of tumour-induced diabetes has been described that is associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Here, we review the similarities and differences among these forms of pancreatogenic diabetes, with the goal of highlighting the importance of exocrine/ductal homeostasis for the maintenance of pancreatic islet function and survival and to highlight the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these diverse conditions. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Rickels
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Hull
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System (151), 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marrano N, Biondi G, Cignarelli A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F, Natalicchio A. Functional loss of pancreatic islets in type 2 diabetes: How can we halt it? Metabolism 2020; 110:154304. [PMID: 32599081 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The loss of beta-cell functional mass is a necessary and early condition in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In T2D patients, beta-cell function is already reduced by about 50% at diagnosis and further declines thereafter. Beta-cell mass is also reduced in subjects with T2D, and islets from diabetic donors are smaller compared to non-diabetic donors. Thus, beta-cell regeneration and/or preservation of the functional islet integrity should be highly considered for T2D treatment and possibly cure. To date, the available anti-diabetes drugs have been developed as "symptomatic" medications since they act to primarily reduce elevated blood glucose levels. However, a truly efficient anti-diabetes medication, capable to prevent the onset and progression of T2D, should stop beta-cell loss and/or promote the restoration of fully functional beta-cell mass, independently of reducing hyperglycemia and ameliorating glucotoxicity on the pancreatic islets. This review provides a view of the experimental and clinical evidence on the ability of available anti-diabetes drugs to exert protective effects on beta-cells, with a specific focus on human pancreatic islets and clinical trials. Potential explanations for the lack of concordance between evidence of beta-cell protection in vitro and of persistent amelioration of beta-cell function in vivo are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Marrano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Biondi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li X, Chen Y, Xie Y, Xiang Y, Yan X, Huang G, Zhou Z. Decline Pattern of Beta-cell Function in Adult-onset Latent Autoimmune Diabetes: an 8-year Prospective Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5822597. [PMID: 32307525 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the decline pattern and possible determinants of beta-cell function progression in patients with latent-onset autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this 8-year prospective study, 106 LADA individuals underwent annual follow-up and their pattern of beta-cell function progression was assessed. Beta-cell function failure was defined by fasting C-peptide (FCP) < 75 pmol/L. Other clinical characteristics, including age of onset, body mass index (BMI), and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA) titer, were analyzed to find out possible determinants of beta-cell function progression. RESULTS The dropout rate was 4.7%. During the 8-year follow-up period, 29 (28.7%) of the 101 subjects developed beta-cell function failure. The decline pattern of C-peptide in LADA was biphasic, showing an initial rapid linear progression and then followed by a stable mode. The declination speed of FCP was 55.19 pmol/L/year (95% CI, -62.54 to -47.84, P < 0.001) during the first 5 years and 4.62 pmol/L/year (95% CI, -69.83 to 60.60, P = 0.790) thereafter. Further analysis showed that GADA titer was the most valuable discriminatory parameter related to a higher risk of development of beta-cell function failure (GADA titer of 173.5 WHO units/mL; area under the curve [AUC], 0.824). Beta-cell function failure occurred in 71.3% of high-GADA titer patients while only 6.2% of low-titer patients. CONCLUSIONS The decline pattern of C-peptide was a fast-followed-by-slow biphasic mode, with about a quarter of LADA patients developing beta-cell function failure during the first 8 years. GADA titer less than 173.5 WHO units /mL was propitious for the preservation of beta-cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yufei Xiang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Islet dysfunction is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Compelling evidence suggests that accumulation of islet amyloid in the islets of Langerhans significantly contribute to β-cell dysfunction and diabetes. Emerging evidence implicates a role for cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator in the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. Impaired first-phase insulin responses and glucose homeostasis have also been reported in cystic fibrosis patients. The transforming growth factor-β protein superfamily is central regulators of pancreatic cell function, and has a key role in pancreas development and pancreatic disease, including diabetes and islet dysfunction. It is also becoming clear that islet inflammation plays a key role in the development of islet dysfunction. Inflammatory changes, including accumulation of macrophages, have been documented in type 2 diabetic islets. Islet dysfunction leads to hyperglycemia and ultimately the development of diabetes. In this review, we describe these risk factors and their associations with islet dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Department of nephrology, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Eastern Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Szlapinski SK, Botros AA, Donegan S, King RT, Retta G, Strutt BJ, Hill DJ. Altered pancreas remodeling following glucose intolerance in pregnancy in mice. J Endocrinol 2020; 245:315-326. [PMID: 32171178 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of dysglycemia postpartum, in part, due to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, no histological evidence exists comparing endocrine pancreas after healthy and glucose-intolerant pregnancies. This study sought to address this knowledge gap, in addition to exploring the contribution of an inflammatory environment to changes in endocrine pancreas after parturition. We used a previously established mouse model of gestational glucose intolerance induced by dietary low protein insult from conception until weaning. Pancreas and adipose samples were collected at 7, 30 and 90 days postpartum for histomorphometric and cytokine analyses, respectively. Glucose tolerance tests were performed prior to euthanasia and blood was collected via cardiac puncture. Pregnant female mice born to dams fed a low protein diet previously shown to develop glucose intolerance at late gestation relative to controls continued to be glucose intolerant until 1 month postpartum. However, glucose tolerance normalized by 3 months postpartum. Glucose intolerance at 7 days postpartum was associated with lower beta- and alpha-cell fractional areas and higher adipose levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6. By 3 months postpartum, a compensatory increase in the number of small islets and a higher insulin to glucagon ratio likely enabled euglycemia to be attained in the previously glucose-intolerant mice. The results show that impairments in endocrine pancreas compensation in hyperglycemic pregnancy persist after parturition and contribute to prolonged glucose intolerance. These impairments may increase the susceptibility to development of future type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K Szlapinski
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony A Botros
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Donegan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renee T King
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Retta
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda J Strutt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu Y, Qian L, Liu Q, Zou J, Zhou Y, Yang T, Huang G, Zhou Z, Liu Y. Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibody Detection by Electrochemiluminescence Assay Identifies Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults with Poor Islet Function. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:260-266. [PMID: 31769235 PMCID: PMC7188968 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) autoantibodies is essential for the prediction and diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). The aim of the current study was to compare a newly developed electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-GAD65 antibody assay with the established radiobinding assay, and to explore whether the new assay could be used to define LADA more precisely. METHODS Serum samples were harvested from 141 patients with LADA, 95 with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and 99 with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and tested for GAD65 autoantibodies using both the radiobinding assay and ECL assay. A glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) competition assay was also performed to assess antibody affinity. Furthermore, the clinical features of these patients were compared. RESULTS Eighty-eight out of 141 serum samples (62.4%) from LADA patients were GAD65 antibody-positive by ECL assay. Compared with ECL-GAD65 antibody-negative patients, ECL-GAD65 antibody-positive patients were leaner (P<0.0001), had poorer β-cell function (P<0.05), and were more likely to have other diabetes-associated autoantibodies. The β-cell function of ECL-GAD65 antibody-positive patients was similar to that of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, whereas ECL-GAD65 antibody-negative patients were more similar to type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. CONCLUSION Patients with ECL-GAD65 antibody-negative share a similar phenotype with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, whereas patients with ECL-GAD65 antibody-positive resemble those with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Thus, the detection of GADA using ECL may help to identify the subtype of LADA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Islam MS. Molecular Regulations and Functions of the Transient Receptor Potential Channels of the Islets of Langerhans and Insulinoma Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030685. [PMID: 32168890 PMCID: PMC7140661 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion from the β-cells of the islets of Langerhans is triggered mainly by nutrients such as glucose, and incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The mechanisms of the stimulus-secretion coupling involve the participation of the key enzymes that metabolize the nutrients, and numerous ion channels that mediate the electrical activity. Several members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels participate in the processes that mediate the electrical activities and Ca2+ oscillations in these cells. Human β-cells express TRPC1, TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPM7, TRPP1, TRPML1, and TRPML3 channels. Some of these channels have been reported to mediate background depolarizing currents, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), electrical activity, Ca2+ oscillations, gene transcription, cell-death, and insulin secretion in response to stimulation by glucose and GLP1. Different channels of the TRP family are regulated by one or more of the following mechanisms: activation of G protein-coupled receptors, the filling state of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store, heat, oxidative stress, or some second messengers. This review briefly compiles our current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of regulations, and functions of the TRP channels in the β-cells, the α-cells, and some insulinoma cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shahidul Islam
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Research Center, 5th floor, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Emergency Care and Internal Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Semnani-Azad Z, Connelly PW, Johnston LW, Retnakaran R, Harris SB, Zinman B, Hanley AJ. The Macrophage Activation Marker Soluble CD163 is Longitudinally Associated With Insulin Sensitivity and β-cell Function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5611046. [PMID: 31677389 PMCID: PMC7112970 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic inflammation arising from adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) activation may be central in type 2 diabetes etiology. Our objective was to assess the longitudinal associations of soluble CD163 (sCD163), a novel biomarker of ATM activation, with insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and dysglycemia in high-risk subjects. METHODS Adults at risk for type 2 diabetes in the Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) study had 3 assessments over 6 years (n = 408). Levels of sCD163 were measured using fasting serum. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by HOMA2-%S and the Matsuda index (ISI). β-cell function was determined by insulinogenic index (IGI) over HOMA-IR and insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2). Incident dysglycemia was defined as the onset of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or type 2 diabetes. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) evaluated longitudinal associations of sCD163 with insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and incident dysglycemia adjusting for demographic and lifestyle covariates. Areas under receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AROC) tested whether sCD163 improved dysglycemia prediction in a clinical model. RESULTS Longitudinal analyses showed significant inverse associations between sCD163 and insulin sensitivity (% difference per standard deviation increase of sCD163 for HOMA2-%S (β = -7.01; 95% CI, -12.26 to -1.44) and ISI (β = -7.60; 95% CI, -11.09 to -3.97) and β-cell function (ISSI-2 (β = -4.67; 95 %CI, -8.59 to -0.58) and IGI/HOMA-IR (β = -8.75; 95% CI, -15.42 to -1.56)). Increased sCD163 was associated with greater risk for incident dysglycemia (odds ratio = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06; P < 0.001). Adding sCD163 data to a model with clinical variables improved prediction of incident dysglycemia (AROC=0.6731 vs 0.638; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS sCD163 was longitudinally associated with core disorders that precede the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/cytology
- Adipose Tissue/immunology
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/blood
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Female
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/physiopathology
- Longitudinal Studies
- Macrophage Activation
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prospective Studies
- Receptors, Cell Surface/blood
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Semnani-Azad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philip W Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Luke W Johnston
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stewart B Harris
- Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Anthony J. Hanley, PhD. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8. Tel: 416-978-3616, E-mail: , ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6364-2444
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang Y, Kim J, Park H, Lee E, Yoon K. Pancreatic stellate cells in the islets as a novel target to preserve the pancreatic β-cell mass and function. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:268-280. [PMID: 31872946 PMCID: PMC7078117 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous lines of clinical evidence that inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can prevent and delay the development of diabetes. Also, the role of RAS in the pathogenesis of diabetes, including insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, has been extensively investigated. Nevertheless, this role had not yet been fully shown. A variety of possible protective mechanisms for RAS blockers in the regulation of glucose homeostasis have been suggested. However, the direct effect on pancreatic islet fibrosis has only recently been spotlighted. Various degrees of islet fibrosis are often observed in the islets of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can be associated with a decrease in β-cell mass and function in these patients. Pancreatic stellate cells are thought to be deeply involved in this islet fibrosis. In this process, the activation of RAS in islets is shown to transform quiescent pancreatic stellate cells into the activated form, stimulates their proliferation and consequently leads to islet fibrotic destruction. In this article, we introduce existing clinical and experimental evidence for diabetes prevention through inhibition of RAS, and review the responsible local RAS signaling pathways in pancreatic stellate cells. Finally, we propose possible targets for the prevention of islet fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeoree Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Ji‐Won Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Heon‐Seok Park
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Eun‐Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Kun‐Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Riveline JP, Baz B, Nguewa JL, Vidal-Trecan T, Ibrahim F, Boudou P, Vicaut E, Brac de la Perrière A, Fetita S, Bréant B, Blondeau B, Tardy-Guidollet V, Morel Y, Gautier JF. Exposure to Glucocorticoids in the First Part of Fetal Life is Associated with Insulin Secretory Defect in Adult Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5609147. [PMID: 31665349 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High glucocorticoid levels in rodents inhibit development of beta cells during fetal life and lead to insulin deficiency in adulthood. To test whether similar phenomena occur in humans, we compared beta-cell function in adults who were exposed to glucocorticoids during the first part of fetal life with that of nonexposed subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study was conducted in 16 adult participants exposed to glucocorticoids during the first part of fetal life and in 16 nonexposed healthy participants with normal glucose tolerance who were matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Exposed participants had been born to mothers who were treated with dexamethasone 1 to 1.5 mg/day from the sixth gestational week (GW) to prevent genital virilization in children at risk of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. We selected offspring of mothers who stopped dexamethasone before the 18th GW following negative genotyping of the fetus. Insulin and glucagon secretion were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and graded intravenous (IV) glucose and arginine tests. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-clamp. RESULTS Age, BMI, and anthropometric characteristics were similar in the 2 groups. Insulinogenic index during OGTT and insulin sensitivity during the clamp were similar in the 2 groups. In exposed subjects, insulin secretion during graded IV glucose infusion and after arginine administration decreased by 17% (P = 0.02) and 22% (P = 0.002), respectively, while glucagon secretion after arginine increased. CONCLUSION Overexposure to glucocorticoids during the first part of fetal life is associated with lower insulin secretion at adult age, which may lead to abnormal glucose tolerance later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Riveline
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Paris Diderot- Paris VII University, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1138, Université Paris Diderot-Paris VII, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Baz Baz
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Nguewa
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Vidal-Trecan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Fidaa Ibrahim
- Unit of Hormonal Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Philippe Boudou
- Unit of Hormonal Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Eric Vicaut
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clinical Research Unit, Fernand Widal Hospital, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Aude Brac de la Perrière
- Fédération d'endocrinologie Hopital Louis Pradel Groupement Hospitalier Est 28 av Doyen Lepine BRON
| | - Sabrina Fetita
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Bernadette Bréant
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1138, Université Paris Diderot-Paris VII, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Blondeau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1138, Université Paris Diderot-Paris VII, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Tardy-Guidollet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Groupement Hospitalier Est 59 Boulevard Pinel Bron, France
| | - Yves Morel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Groupement Hospitalier Est 59 Boulevard Pinel Bron, France
| | - Jean-François Gautier
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Paris Diderot- Paris VII University, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1138, Université Paris Diderot-Paris VII, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chow EYK, Chan JCN. Insulin resistance versus β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: where public and personalised health meet. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020; 8:92-93. [PMID: 31879248 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Y K Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hyperexpression of classical HLA class I (HLA-I) molecules in insulin-containing islets has become a widely accepted hallmark of type 1 diabetes pathology. In comparison, relatively little is known about the expression, function and role of non-classical subtypes of HLA-I. This review focuses on the current understanding of the non-classical HLA-I subtypes: HLA-E, HLA-F and HLA-G, within and outside the field of type 1 diabetes, and considers the possible impacts of these molecules on disease etiology. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence is growing to suggest that non-classical HLA-I proteins are upregulated, both at the RNA and protein levels in the pancreas of individuals with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Moreover, associations between non-classical HLA-I genotypes and age at onset of type 1 diabetes have been reported in some studies. As with classical HLA-I, it is likely that hyperexpression of non-classical HLA-I is driven by the release of diffusible interferons by stressed β cells (potentially driven by viral infection) and exacerbated by release of cytokines from infiltrating immune cells. Non-classical HLA-I proteins predominantly (but not exclusively) transduce negative signals to immune cells infiltrating at the site of injury/inflammation. We propose a model in which the islet endocrine cells, through expression of non-classical HLA-I are fighting back against the infiltrating immune cells. By inhibiting the activity and function on NK, B and select T cells, the non-classical HLA-I, proteins will reduce the non-specific bystander effects of inflammation, while at the same time still allowing the targeted destruction of β cells by specific islet-reactive CD8+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C. Wyatt
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
| | - Giacomo Lanzoni
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Mark A. Russell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
| | - Ivan Gerling
- Department of Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center and VA Medical Center Research Service, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38128 USA
| | - Sarah J. Richardson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Common genetic variants that associate with type 2 diabetes risk are markedly enriched in pancreatic islet transcriptional enhancers. This review discusses current advances in the annotation of islet enhancer variants and their target genes. RECENT FINDINGS Recent methodological advances now allow genetic and functional mapping of diabetes causal variants at unprecedented resolution. Mapping of enhancer-promoter interactions in human islets has provided a unique appreciation of the complexity of islet gene regulatory processes and enabled direct association of noncoding diabetes risk variants to their target genes. The recently improved human islet enhancer annotations constitute a framework for the interpretation of diabetes genetic signals in the context of pancreatic islet gene regulation. In the future, integration of existing and yet to come regulatory maps with genetic fine-mapping efforts and in-depth functional characterization will foster the discovery of novel diabetes molecular risk mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Cebola
- Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, ICTEM 5th floor, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dollerup OL, Trammell SAJ, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Christensen B, Møller N, Gillum MP, Treebak JT, Jessen N. Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Incretin Hormones in Nondiabetic Men With Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5703-5714. [PMID: 31390002 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Augmenting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism through dietary provision of NAD+ precursor vitamins translates to improved glucose handling in rodent models of obesity and diabetes. Preclinical evidence suggests that the NAD+/SIRT1 axis may be implicated in modulating important gut-related aspects of glucose regulation. We sought to test whether NAD+ precursor supplementation with nicotinamide riboside (NR) affects β-cell function, α-cell function, and incretin hormone secretion as well as circulating bile acid levels in humans. DESIGN A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial in 40 males with obesity and insulin resistance allocated to NR at 1000 mg twice daily (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20). Two-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests were performed before and after the intervention, and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were determined. β-Cell function indices were calculated based on glucose, insulin, and C-peptide measurements. Fasting plasma concentrations of bile acids were determined. RESULTS NR supplementation during 12 weeks did not affect fasting or postglucose challenge concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, GLP-1, or GIP, and β-cell function did not respond to the intervention. Additionally, no changes in circulating adipsin or bile acids were observed following NR supplementation. CONCLUSION The current study does not provide evidence to support that dietary supplementation with the NAD+ precursor NR serves to impact glucose tolerance, β-cell secretory capacity, α-cell function, and incretin hormone secretion in nondiabetic males with obesity. Moreover, bile acid levels in plasma did not change in response to NR supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole L Dollerup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Samuel A J Trammell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Britt Christensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthew P Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang G, Liang R, Liu T, Wang L, Zou J, Liu N, Liu Y, Cai X, Liu Y, Ding X, Zhang B, Wang Z, Wang S, Shen Z. Opposing effects of IL-1β/COX-2/PGE2 pathway loop on islets in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr J 2019; 66:691-699. [PMID: 31105125 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2) enzyme catalyzes the first step of prostanoid biosynthesis, and is known for its crucial role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although a variety of studies revealed that COX-2 played a role in the IL-1β induced β cell dysfunction, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, using a cDNA microarray and in silico analysis, we demonstrated that inflammatory responses were upregulated in human T2DM islets compared with non-diabetic (ND) islets. COX-2 expression was significantly enhanced in human T2DM islets, correlated with the high inflammation level. PGE2, the catalytic product of COX-2, downregulated the functional gene expression of PDX1, NKX6.1, and MAFA and blunted the glucose induced insulin secretion of human islets. Conversely, inhibition of COX-2 activity by a pharmaceutical inhibitor prevented the β-cell dysfunction induced by IL-1β. COX-2 inhibitor also abrogated the IL-1β autostimulation in β cells, which further resulted in reduced COX-2 expression in β cells. Together, our results revealed that COX-2/PGE2 signaling was involved in the regulation of IL-1β autostimulation, thus forming an IL-1β/COX-2/PGE2 pathway loop, which may result in the high inflammation level in human T2DM islets and the inflammatory impairment of β cells. Breaking this IL-1β/COX-2/PGE2 pathway loop provides a potential therapeutic strategy to improve β cell function in the treatment of T2DM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqiao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Rui Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Tengli Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Le Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jiaqi Zou
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Na Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yan Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiangheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yaojuan Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xuejie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
- Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
- Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Casasnovas J, Jo Y, Rao X, Xuei X, Brown ME, Kua KL. High glucose alters fetal rat islet transcriptome and induces progeny islet dysfunction. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:309-323. [PMID: 30508415 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Offspring of diabetic mothers are susceptible to developing type 2 diabetes due to pancreatic islet dysfunction. However, the initiating molecular pathways leading to offspring pancreatic islet dysfunction are unknown. We hypothesized that maternal hyperglycemia alters offspring pancreatic islet transcriptome and negatively impacts offspring islet function. We employed an infusion model capable of inducing localized hyperglycemia in fetal rats residing in the left uterine horn, thus avoiding other factors involved in programming offspring pancreatic islet health. While maintaining euglycemia in maternal dams and right uterine horn control fetuses, hyperglycemic fetuses in the left uterine horn had higher serum insulin and pancreatic beta cell area. Upon completing infusion from GD20 to 22, RNA sequencing was performed on GD22 islets to identify the hyperglycemia-induced altered gene expression. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the altered transcriptome found that diabetes mellitus and inflammation/cell death pathways were enriched. Interestingly, the downregulated genes modulate more diverse biological processes, which includes responses to stimuli and developmental processes. Next, we performed ex and in vivo studies to evaluate islet cell viability and insulin secretory function in weanling and adult offspring. Pancreatic islets of weanlings exposed to late gestation hyperglycemia had decreased cell viability in basal state and glucose-induced insulin secretion. Lastly, adult offspring exposed to in utero hyperglycemia also exhibited glucose intolerance and insulin secretory dysfunction. Together, our results demonstrate that late gestational hyperglycemia alters the fetal pancreatic islet transcriptome and increases offspring susceptibility to developing pancreatic islet dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Casasnovas
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yunhee Jo
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xi Rao
- Center for Medical Genomics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Center for Medical Genomics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mary E Brown
- The Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kok Lim Kua
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
RATIONALE Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM) is a new subtype of type 1 diabetes mellitus that was first proposed by the Japanese scholar Imagawa in 2000. In the 2 patient cases described in this study, gastrointestinal symptoms were the first symptoms reported, and the initial blood glucose levels were very high. However, the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were not very high, the islet β-cell function was almost completely lost in a short time, and the metabolic disorder was severe; the patients' islet β cells demonstrated complete and irreversible functional damage, and the prognosis was poor. PATIENT CONCERNS We report a 37-year-old and 48-year-old male patients. The first patient was addmited with emesis and diarrhea for 2 days and the second patient had stomachache for 8 days, emesis and dyspnea for half an hour before admission. Both patients had no history of hypertension, coronary heart disease, or hyperglycemia. DIAGNOSIS Two patients had same scenario: acute onset, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, β cell function deficiency, and HbA1c <8.5%. INTERVENTIONS After admission, the administration of adequate liquid infusion, the intravenous injection of regular insulin to reduce the blood glucose levels, and the correction of electrolyte disturbance and acid-base imbalance were conducted. OUTCOMES Subsequently, the blood glucose level of the patients was gradually reduced, the acidosis was corrected, and the disease conditions gradually stabilized. For both patients, the long-term insulin replacement therapy of "insulin aspart plus insulin glargine" was selected. LESSONS FT1DM is a new subtype of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The onset of this disease is rapid, and the function of islet β cells is almost completely lost in a short time period. This metabolic disorder is severe, and the clinical manifestations are nonspecific. Unless a timely and accurate diagnosis is made, and patients receive prompt treatment, it is difficult to control the disease and the risk of death is high.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Over the last two decades, improved access to human islets and the development of human islet distribution networks have enabled the use of millions of human islets in hundreds of scientific research projects, leading to a dramatic increase in our understanding of human islet biology. Here we discuss recent scientific advances as well as methodological and experimental challenges that impact human islet quality, experimental outcomes and the reporting of human islets used in scientific publications. In a survey of over 200 scientific publications with human islet experimentation, we found that the reporting of critical information was quite variable, sometimes obscure, and often failed to adequately outline the experiments and results using human islets. As the complexity of human islet research grows, we propose that members of the human islet research ecosystem work together to develop procedures and approaches for accessible and transparent collecting and reporting of crucial human islet characteristics and, through this, enhance collaboration, reproducibility and rigour, leading to further advances in our understanding of human islet biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, 7465 Medical Research Bldg IV, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0475, USA
- Institute for Cellular Transplantation, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, 7465 Medical Research Bldg IV, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0475, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Little is known about the expression and function of Retinoic acid-related orphan receptors (RORA, B, and C) in pancreatic β cells. Here in, we utilized cDNA microarray and RNA sequencing approaches to investigate the expression pattern of ROR receptors in normal and diabetic human pancreatic islets. Possible correlations between RORs expression and HbA1c levels as well as insulin secretory capacity in isolated human islets were evaluated. The impact of RORB and RORC expression on insulin secretion in INS-1 (832/13) cells was validated as well. While RORA was the highest expressed gene among the three RORs in human islet cells, RORC was the highest expressed in INS-1 cells (832/13) and while RORB was the lowest expressed gene in human islet cells, RORA was the highest expressed in INS-1 cells (832/13). The expression of RORB and RORC was significantly lower in diabetic/hyperglycemic donors as compared with non-diabetic counterparts. Furthermore, while the expression of RORB correlated positively with insulin secretion and negatively with HbA1c, that of RORC correlated negatively with HbA1c. The expression pattern of RORA did not correlate with either of the two parameters. siRNA silencing of RORB or RORC in INS-1 (832/13) cells resulted in a significant downregulation of insulin mRNA expression and insulin secretion. These findings suggest that RORB and RORC are part of the molecular cascade that regulates insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells; and insight that provides for further work on the potential therapeutic utility of RORB and RORC genes in β cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Taneera
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- CONTACT Jalal Taneera Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | | | - Sarah Dhaiban
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rashmi B. Prasad
- Department of Clinical Science, Division of Islet Cell Physiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Science, Division of Islet Cell Physiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Duan Y, Sun X, Liu J, Fu J, Wang G. Different Analysis of β-Cell Dysfunction as Fasting Glucose Progresses in Obese and Nonobese Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:6053604. [PMID: 31772943 PMCID: PMC6854915 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6053604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION This study is aimed at (1) investigating the change of β-cell dysfunction as baseline fasting glucose progresses in newly diagnosed patients with T2DM and (2) finding whether body mass index (BMI) has different degrees of impact on insulin secretion as baseline fasting glucose progresses. MATERIALS AND METHODS 661 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were enrolled in the present study. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was used to calculate HOMA-β, HOMA-IR, early-phase insulin secretion index (EISI, calculated as ΔI30/ΔG30), and area under the insulin releasing curve (AUCI0-180). Patients were divided into low, medium, and high FBG groups. Each group was further divided into lean, overweight, and obese subgroups according to BMI. RESULTS A decrease of EISI and HOMA-β and an increase of HOMA-IR were shown among different FBG groups significantly. In the medium FBG group, AUCI0-180, EISI, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR in obese patients were higher than those in lean and overweight patients. In the low and high FBG groups, AUCI0-180, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR in obese patients were higher than those in other subgroups. BMI was positively associated with high EISI in the medium FBG group but failed to yield a significant association with EISI in the low and high FBG groups. CONCLUSIONS During the progression of baseline FBG, β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance worsened. As FBG increased, increased BMI had a positive influence on β-cell dysfunction in all FBG groups. The independent factors that correlated to EISI differed with the increasing of baseline FBG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Miyake H, Sakagami J, Yasuda H, Sogame Y, Kato R, Suwa K, Dainaka K, Takata T, Yokota I, Itoh Y. Association of fatty pancreas with pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209448. [PMID: 30571730 PMCID: PMC6301765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to clarify whether fatty pancreas might lead to impaired pancreatic endocrine or exocrine function. Material and methods The study involved 109 participants who had undergone the glucagon stimulation test and N-benzoyl-L-tyros-p-amino benzoic acid (BT-PABA) test to assess pancreatic function as well as unenhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT). Pancreatic endocrine impairment was defined as ΔC peptide immunoreactivity less than 2 [mmol/L] in the glucagon stimulation test, and pancreatic exocrine impairment was defined as a urinary PABA excretion rate less than 70% on the BT-PABA test. We defined as the mean CT value of pancreas / CT value of spleen (P/S ratio) as a marker to assess fatty pancreas. We analyzed the association between fatty pancreas and pancreatic impairment using the logistic regression model. The odds ratio (OR) is shown per 0.1 unit. Results Pancreatic endocrine function was impaired in 33.0% of the participants, and 56.9% of those were regarded as having pancreatic exocrine impairment. The P/S ratio was significantly correlated with pancreatic endocrine impairment in univariate analysis (OR = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.43–0.83, P = 0.0013) and multivariate analysis (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.22–0.61, P < .0001) for all participants. Similar significant relationships were observed in both univariate (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.49–0.99, P = 0.04) and multivariate (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.21–0.66, P = 0.0002) analyses for the participants without diabetes (n = 93). The amount of pancreatic fat was not associated with exocrine impairment in univariate analysis (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.59–1.06, P = 0.12). Conclusion Fatty pancreas was associated with pancreatic endocrine impairment but did not have a clear relationship with pancreatic exocrine impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Miyake
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Junichi Sakagami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yasuda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sogame
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Kato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanetoshi Suwa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Dainaka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Takata
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Isao Yokota
- Department of Biostatistics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Luce S, Guinoiseau S, Gadault A, Letourneur F, Blondeau B, Nitschke P, Pasmant E, Vidaud M, Lemonnier F, Boitard C. Humanized Mouse Model to Study Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2018; 67:1816-1829. [PMID: 29967002 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Key requirements in type 1 diabetes (T1D) are in setting up new assays as diagnostic biomarkers that will apply to prediabetes, likely T-cell assays, and in designing antigen-specific therapies to prevent T1D development. New preclinical models of T1D will be required to help with advancing both aims. By crossing mouse strains that lack either murine MHC class I and class II genes and insulin genes, we developed YES mice that instead express human HLA-A*02:01, HLA-DQ8, and insulin genes as transgenes. The metabolic and immune phenotype of YES mice is basically identical to that of the parental strains. YES mice remain insulitis and diabetes free up to 1 year of follow-up, maintain normoglycemia to an intraperitoneal glucose challenge in the long-term range, have a normal β-cell mass, and show normal immune responses to conventional antigens. This new model has been designed to evaluate adaptive immune responses to human insulin on a genetic background that recapitulates a human high-susceptibility HLA-DQ8 genetic background. Although insulitis free, YES mice develop T1D when challenged with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. They allow the characterization of preproinsulin epitopes recognized by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells upon immunization against human preproinsulin or during diabetes development.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity/drug effects
- Aging
- Animals
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- HLA-A2 Antigen/genetics
- HLA-A2 Antigen/metabolism
- HLA-DQ Antigens/blood
- HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics
- HLA-DQ Antigens/metabolism
- Humans
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Islets of Langerhans/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Poly I-C/toxicity
- Prediabetic State/immunology
- Prediabetic State/metabolism
- Prediabetic State/pathology
- Prediabetic State/physiopathology
- Protein Precursors/blood
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/metabolism
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Luce
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guinoiseau
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Gadault
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Patrick Nitschke
- Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pasmant
- Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital COCHIN, Paris, France
| | - Michel Vidaud
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital COCHIN, Paris, France
| | - François Lemonnier
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Christian Boitard
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Carrero JA, Benshoff ND, Nalley K, Unanue ER. Type I and II Interferon Receptors Differentially Regulate Type 1 Diabetes Susceptibility in Male Versus Female NOD Mice. Diabetes 2018; 67:1830-1835. [PMID: 30084830 PMCID: PMC6110319 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of interferons, either pathogenic or protective, during autoimmune diabetes remains controversial. Herein, we examine the progression of diabetes in NOD mice lacking the type I (IFNAR) or type II (IFNGR) interferon receptor and, for the first time, in mice deficient in both receptors (double knockout [DKO]). All mice were bred, maintained, and monitored in a single specific pathogen-free facility with high female and low male diabetes incidence. Our expectation was that removal of interferon signaling would reduce autoimmune destruction. However, examination of diabetes incidence in the IFNAR- and IFNGR-deficient NOD mice showed a reduction in females and an increase in males. In DKO mice, diabetes occurred only in female mice, at decreased incidence and with delayed kinetics. These results show that interferons act as both positive and negative modulators of type 1 diabetes disease risk dependent on sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Carrero
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nicholas D Benshoff
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kimberly Nalley
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Emil R Unanue
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Adams MT, Gilbert JM, Hinojosa Paiz J, Bowman FM, Blum B. Endocrine cell type sorting and mature architecture in the islets of Langerhans require expression of Roundabout receptors in β cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10876. [PMID: 30022126 PMCID: PMC6052079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islets of Langerhans display characteristic spatial architecture of their endocrine cell types. This architecture is critical for cell-cell communication and coordinated hormone secretion. Islet architecture is disrupted in type-2 diabetes. Moreover, the generation of architecturally correct islets in vitro remains a challenge in regenerative approaches to type-1 diabetes. Although the characteristic islet architecture is well documented, the mechanisms controlling its formation remain obscure. Here, we report that correct endocrine cell type sorting and the formation of mature islet architecture require the expression of Roundabout (Robo) receptors in β cells. Mice with whole-body deletion of Robo1 and conditional deletion of Robo2 either in all endocrine cells or selectively in β cells show complete loss of endocrine cell type sorting, highlighting the importance of β cells as the primary organizer of islet architecture. Conditional deletion of Robo in mature β cells subsequent to islet formation results in a similar phenotype. Finally, we provide evidence to suggest that the loss of islet architecture in Robo KO mice is not due to β cell transdifferentiation, cell death or loss of β cell differentiation or maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa T Adams
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jennifer M Gilbert
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jesus Hinojosa Paiz
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Faith M Bowman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Barak Blum
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
González-Mariscal I, Montoro RA, Doyle ME, Liu QR, Rouse M, O'Connell JF, Santa-Cruz Calvo S, Krzysik-Walker SM, Ghosh S, Carlson OD, Lehrmann E, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Chia CW, Ghosh P, Egan JM. Absence of cannabinoid 1 receptor in beta cells protects against high-fat/high-sugar diet-induced beta cell dysfunction and inflammation in murine islets. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1470-1483. [PMID: 29497784 PMCID: PMC6201315 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) regulates insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. CB1R is expressed on pancreatic beta cells and is coupled to the G protein Gαi, suggesting a negative regulation of endogenous signalling in the beta cell. Deciphering the exact function of CB1R in beta cells has been confounded by the expression of this receptor on multiple tissues involved in regulating metabolism. Thus, in models of global genetic or pharmacological CB1R blockade, it is difficult to distinguish the indirect effects of improved insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues from the direct effects of inhibiting CB1R in beta cells per se. To assess the direct contribution of beta cell CB1R to metabolism, we designed a mouse model that allows us to determine the role of CB1R specifically in beta cells in the context of whole-body metabolism. METHODS We generated a beta cell specific Cnr1 (CB1R) knockout mouse (β-CB1R-/-) to study the long-term consequences of CB1R ablation on beta cell function in adult mice. We measured beta cell function, proliferation and viability in these mice in response to a high-fat/high-sugar diet and induction of acute insulin resistance with the insulin receptor antagonist S961. RESULTS β-CB1R-/- mice had increased fasting (153 ± 23% increase at 10 weeks of age) and stimulated insulin secretion and increased intra-islet cAMP levels (217 ± 33% increase at 10 weeks of age), resulting in primary hyperinsulinaemia, as well as increased beta cell viability, proliferation and islet area (1.9-fold increase at 10 weeks of age). Hyperinsulinaemia led to insulin resistance, which was aggravated by a high-fat/high-sugar diet and weight gain, although beta cells maintained their insulin secretory capacity in response to glucose. Strikingly, islets from β-CB1R-/- mice were protected from diet-induced inflammation. Mechanistically, we show that this is a consequence of curtailment of oxidative stress and reduced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in beta cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data demonstrate CB1R to be a negative regulator of beta cell function and a mediator of islet inflammation under conditions of metabolic stress. Our findings point to beta cell CB1R as a therapeutic target, and broaden its potential to include anti-inflammatory effects in both major forms of diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY Microarray data have been deposited at GEO (GSE102027).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel González-Mariscal
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Montoro
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Máire E Doyle
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michael Rouse
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jennifer F O'Connell
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Sara Santa-Cruz Calvo
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Susan M Krzysik-Walker
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Olga D Carlson
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chee W Chia
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paritosh Ghosh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hansson SF, Zhou AX, Vachet P, Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ, Skrtic S, Jongsma Wallin H, Ericsson-Dahlstrand A, Karlsson D, Ahnmark A, Sörhede Winzell M, Magnone MC, Davidsson P. Secretagogin is increased in plasma from type 2 diabetes patients and potentially reflects stress and islet dysfunction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196601. [PMID: 29702679 PMCID: PMC5922551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta cell dysfunction accompanies and drives the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but there are few clinical biomarkers available to assess islet cell stress in humans. Secretagogin, a protein enriched in pancreatic islets, demonstrates protective effects on beta cell function in animals. However, its potential as a circulating biomarker released from human beta cells and islets has not been studied. In this study primary human islets, beta cells and plasma samples were used to explore secretion and expression of secretagogin in relation to the T2D pathology. Secretagogin was abundantly and specifically expressed and secreted from human islets. Furthermore, T2D patients had an elevated plasma level of secretagogin compared with matched healthy controls, which was confirmed in plasma of diabetic mice transplanted with human islets. Additionally, the plasma secretagogin level of the human cohort had an inverse correlation to clinical assessments of beta cell function. To explore the mechanism of secretagogin release in vitro, human beta cells (EndoC-βH1) were exposed to elevated glucose or cellular stress-inducing agents. Secretagogin was not released in parallel with glucose stimulated insulin release, but was markedly elevated in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressors and cytokines. These findings indicate that secretagogin is a potential novel biomarker, reflecting stress and islet cell dysfunction in T2D patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara F. Hansson
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Alex-Xianghua Zhou
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paulina Vachet
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan W. Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J. Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- Translational Medicine Unit CVRM, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Daniel Karlsson
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Ahnmark
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Sörhede Winzell
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Chiara Magnone
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pia Davidsson
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abadpour S, Halvorsen B, Sahraoui A, Korsgren O, Aukrust P, Scholz H. Interleukin-22 reverses human islet dysfunction and apoptosis triggered by hyperglycemia and LIGHT. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:171-183. [PMID: 29330151 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 has recently been suggested as an anti-inflammatory cytokine that could protect the islet cells from inflammation- and glucose-induced toxicity. We have previously shown that the tumor necrosis factor family member, LIGHT, can impair human islet function at least partly via pro-apoptotic effects. Herein, we aimed to investigate the protective role of IL-22 on human islets exposed to the combination of hyperglycemia and LIGHT. First, we found upregulation of LIGHT receptors (LTβR and HVEM) in engrafted human islets exposed to hyperglycemia (>11 mM) for 17 days post transplantation by using a double islet transplantation mouse model as well as in human islets cultured with high glucose (HG) (20 mM glucose) + LIGHT in vitro, and this latter effect was attenuated by IL-22. The effect of HG + LIGHT impairing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was reversed by IL-22. The harmful effect of HG + LIGHT on human islet function seemed to involve enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress evidenced by upregulation of p-IRE1α and BiP, elevated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IP-10 and MCP-1) and the pro-coagulant mediator tissue factor (TF) release and apoptosis in human islets, whereas all these effects were at least partly reversed by IL-22. Our findings suggest that IL-22 could counteract the harmful effects of LIGHT/hyperglycemia on human islet cells and potentially support the strong protective effect of IL-22 on impaired islet function and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Abadpour
- Section for Transplant SurgeryOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical ResearchOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Afaf Sahraoui
- Section for Transplant SurgeryOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical ResearchOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious DiseasesOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Section for Transplant SurgeryOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical ResearchOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
He X, Lai Q, Chen C, Li N, Sun F, Huang W, Zhang S, Yu Q, Yang P, Xiong F, Chen Z, Gong Q, Ren B, Weng J, Eizirik DL, Zhou Z, Wang CY. Both conditional ablation and overexpression of E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme (UBC9) in mouse pancreatic beta cells result in impaired beta cell function. Diabetologia 2018; 61:881-895. [PMID: 29299635 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Post-translational attachment of a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to the lysine (K) residue(s) of target proteins (SUMOylation) is an evolutionary conserved regulatory mechanism. This modification has previously been demonstrated to be implicated in the control of a remarkably versatile regulatory mechanism of cellular processes. However, the exact regulatory role and biological actions of the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme (UBC9)-mediated SUMOylation function in pancreatic beta cells has remained elusive. METHODS Inducible beta cell-specific Ubc9 (also known as Ube2i) knockout (KO; Ubc9Δbeta) and transgenic (Ubc9Tg) mice were employed to address the impact of SUMOylation on beta cell viability and functionality. Ubc9 deficiency or overexpression was induced at 8 weeks of age using tamoxifen. To study the mechanism involved, we closely examined the regulation of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) through SUMOylation in beta cells. RESULTS Upon induction of Ubc9 deficiency, Ubc9Δbeta islets exhibited a 3.5-fold higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than Ubc9f/f control islets. Islets from Ubc9Δbeta mice also had decreased insulin content and loss of beta cell mass after tamoxifen treatment. Specifically, at day 45 after Ubc9 deletion only 40% of beta cell mass remained in Ubc9Δbeta mice, while 90% of beta cell mass was lost by day 75. Diabetes onset was noted in some Ubc9Δbeta mice 8 weeks after induction of Ubc9 deficiency and all mice developed diabetes by 10 weeks following tamoxifen treatment. In contrast, Ubc9Tg beta cells displayed an increased antioxidant ability but impaired insulin secretion. Unlike Ubc9Δbeta mice, which spontaneously developed diabetes, Ubc9Tg mice preserved normal non-fasting blood glucose levels without developing diabetes. It was noted that SUMOylation of NRF2 promoted its nuclear expression along with enhanced transcriptional activity, thereby preventing ROS accumulation in beta cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION SUMOylation function is required to protect against oxidative stress in beta cells; this mechanism is, at least in part, carried out by the regulation of NRF2 activity to enhance ROS detoxification. Homeostatic SUMOylation is also likely to be essential for maintaining beta cell functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu He
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaohong Lai
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Chen
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Sun
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Huang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Yu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishui Chen
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Gong
- Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxu Ren
- Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Décio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Diabetes Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rashid CS, Lien YC, Bansal A, Jaeckle-Santos LJ, Li C, Won KJ, Simmons RA. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Novel Mechanisms Mediating Islet Dysfunction in the Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Rat. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1035-1049. [PMID: 29309562 PMCID: PMC5793792 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) increases the risk of type 2 diabetes developing in adulthood. In previous studies that used bilateral uterine artery ligation in a rat model of IUGR, age-associated decline in glucose homeostasis and islet function was revealed. To elucidate mechanisms contributing to IUGR pathogenesis, the islet transcriptome was sequenced from 2-week-old rats, when in vivo glucose tolerance is mildly impaired, and at 10 weeks of age, when rats are hyperglycemic and have reduced β-cell mass. RNA sequencing and functional annotation with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed temporal changes in IUGR islets. For instance, gene expression involving amino acid metabolism was significantly reduced primarily at 2 weeks of age, but ion channel expression, specifically that involved in cell-volume regulation, was more disrupted in adult IUGR islets. Additionally, we observed alterations in the microenvironment of IUGR islets with extracellular matrix genes being significantly increased at 2 weeks of age and significantly decreased at 10 weeks. Specifically, hyaluronan synthase 2 expression and hyaluronan staining were increased in IUGR islets at 2 weeks of age (P < 0.05). Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived factors that have been shown to preserve islet allograft function, such as Anxa1, Cxcl12, and others, also were increased at 2 weeks and decreased in adult islets. Finally, comparisons of differentially expressed genes with those of type 2 diabetic human islets support a role for these pathways in human patients with diabetes. Together, these data point to new mechanisms in the pathogenesis of IUGR-mediated islet dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cetewayo S. Rashid
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Yu-Chin Lien
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Amita Bansal
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Lane J. Jaeckle-Santos
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Changhong Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Department of Genetics, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Rebecca A. Simmons
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zaharia OP, Bobrov P, Strassburger K, Bódis K, Karusheva Y, Scholz M, Markgraf DF, Burkart V, Schloot NC, Müssig K, Szendroedi J, Roden M. Metabolic Characteristics of Recently Diagnosed Adult-Onset Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:429-437. [PMID: 29220505 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Among patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, autoimmune diabetes often remains undetected. Metabolic features of these patients are insufficiently characterized at present. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS This study compared age- and sex-matched adult (aged 41 to 62 years) humans with recent-onset diabetes: patients positive for antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and/or cytoplasmic islet-cell antigen with an insulin-free period of >6 months [antibody positive/insulin negative (ab+/ins-); previously termed latent autoimmune diabetes of adults], type 1 diabetes [antibody positive/insulin positive (ab+/ins+)], and type 2 diabetes [antibody negative/insulin negative (ab-/ins-)], as well as glucose-tolerant humans (controls) of the German Diabetes Study (n = 41/group). β-Cell function was assessed from glucagon tests and intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs), and insulin sensitivity was determined from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. RESULTS Of the ab+/ins- patients, 33 (81%) were initially diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes. In ab+/ins-, body mass index (BMI) was higher than in ab+/ins+ (27.8 ± 5.3 kg/m2 vs 25.0 ± 3.5 kg/m2, P < 0.05), lower than in ab-/ins- (31.9 ± 5.8 kg/m2, P < 0.05), and similar to controls (29.4 ± 6.6 kg/m2). In ab+/ins-, GAD antibody titers correlated negatively with BMI (r = -0.40, P < 0.05) and with C-peptide secretion in glucagon stimulation tests (r = -0.33, P < 0.05). β-Cell function from IVGTT was 228% higher in ab+/ins- than in ab+/ins+ but 35% lower than in ab-/ins- and 61% lower than in controls (all P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity in ab+/ins- was comparable to ab+/ins+ and controls but 41% higher than in ab-/ins- (P < 0.05) after adjustment for BMI and fasting blood glucose or hemoglobin A1c. CONCLUSION Even shortly after diagnosis, ab+/ins- patients feature partly preserved β-cell function and chronic hyperglycemia, which possibly contributes to the observed impairment of whole-body insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oana P Zaharia
- 1Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Bobrov
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Strassburger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kálmán Bódis
- 1Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yanislava Karusheva
- 1Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Scholz
- 1Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel F Markgraf
- 1Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Volker Burkart
- 1Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nanette C Schloot
- 1Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- 1Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- 1Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- 1Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Borg DJ, Yap FYT, Keshvari S, Simmons DG, Gallo LA, Fotheringham AK, Zhuang A, Slattery RM, Hasnain SZ, Coughlan MT, Kantharidis P, Forbes JM. Perinatal exposure to high dietary advanced glycation end products in transgenic NOD8.3 mice leads to pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Islets 2018; 10:10-24. [PMID: 29157116 PMCID: PMC5796486 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2017.1405189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of environmental factors to pancreatic islet damage in type 1 diabetes remains poorly understood. In this study, we crossed mice susceptible to type 1 diabetes, where parental male (CD8+ T cells specific for IGRP206-214; NOD8.3) and female (NOD/ShiLt) mice were randomized to a diet either low or high in AGE content and maintained on this diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, NOD8.3+ female offspring were identified and maintained on the same parental feeding regimen for until day 28 of life. A low AGE diet, from conception to early postnatal life, decreased circulating AGE concentrations in the female offspring when compared to a high AGE diet. Insulin, proinsulin and glucagon secretion were greater in islets isolated from offspring in the low AGE diet group, which was akin to age matched non-diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Pancreatic islet expression of Ins2 gene was also higher in offspring from the low AGE diet group. Islet expression of glucagon, AGEs and the AGE receptor RAGE, were each reduced in low AGE fed offspring. Islet immune cell infiltration was also decreased in offspring exposed to a low AGE diet. Within pancreatic lymph nodes and spleen, the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells did not differ between groups. There were no significant changes in body weight, fasting glucose or glycemic hormones. This study demonstrates that reducing exposure to dietary AGEs throughout gestation, lactation and early postnatal life may benefit pancreatic islet secretion and immune infiltration in the type 1 diabetic susceptible mouse strain, NOD8.3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J. Borg
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Inflammatory Diseases Biology and Therapeutics, Mater Research Institute- The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Felicia Y. T. Yap
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Central and Eastern Clinical School, AMREP Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Inflammatory Diseases Biology and Therapeutics, Mater Research Institute- The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David G. Simmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Linda A. Gallo
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Amelia K. Fotheringham
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Aowen Zhuang
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robyn M. Slattery
- Department of Immunology, Central and Eastern Clinical School, AMREP Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sumaira Z. Hasnain
- Inflammatory Diseases Biology and Therapeutics, Mater Research Institute- The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melinda T. Coughlan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes Department, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Phillip Kantharidis
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes Department, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Josephine M. Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes Department, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
- Mater Clinical School, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is not a single disease, but several pathophysiological conditions where synthesis, release, and/or action of insulin are disturbed. A progressive autoimmune/autoinflammatory destruction of islet cells is still considered the main pathophysiological event in the development of T1DM, but there is evidence that T1DM itself is a heterogeneous disease. More than 50 gene regions are closely associated with T1DM and a variety of epigenetic factors and metabolic patterns have been characterized, which may play a role in the development of T1DM. The pathogenesis and genetics of type 2 DM (T2DM) are distinct from T1DM. Genes associated with T2DM are distinct from those in T1DM. Characteristic metabolic patterns, different from those in T1DM were reported in T2DM, and some children with T2DM also express islet-antibodies. Huge progress has been made in the characterization of other specific types of DM, which had been considered very rare before. The molecular clarification of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) has greatly improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of DM. There are genetic overlaps between T2DM and monogenetic DM. Neonatal DM has been shown to be monogenetic in most cases, and genetic elucidation leads to more precise and individualized therapies. Cystic fibrosis related DM (CFRDM) should be considered a genuine part of cystic fibrosis, and not a complication, since pancreatic fibrosis does not sufficiently explain the pathophysiology of CFRDM. Disturbances of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) as well as autoimmunity are involved in the pathogenesis of CFRDM.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Age of Onset
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Autoimmunity
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cystic Fibrosis/epidemiology
- Cystic Fibrosis/genetics
- Cystic Fibrosis/metabolism
- Cystic Fibrosis/physiopathology
- Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics
- Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/blood
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/genetics
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology
- Insulin/blood
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Islets of Langerhans/physiopathology
- Risk Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Grulich-Henn
- University Children´s Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.
| | - Daniela Klose
- University Children´s Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Islet β-cells are responsible for secreting all circulating insulin in response to rising plasma glucose concentrations. These cells are a phenotypically diverse population that express great functional heterogeneity. In mice, certain β-cells (termed 'hubs') have been shown to be crucial for dictating the islet response to high glucose, with inhibition of these hub cells abolishing the coordinated Ca2+ oscillations necessary for driving insulin secretion. These β-cell hubs were found to be highly metabolic and susceptible to pro-inflammatory and glucolipotoxic insults. In this study, we explored the importance of hub cells in human by constructing mathematical models of Ca2+ activity in human islets. Our simulations revealed that hubs dictate the coordinated Ca2+ response in both mouse and human islets; silencing a small proportion of hubs abolished whole-islet Ca2+ activity. We also observed that if hubs are assumed to be preferentially gap junction coupled, then the simulations better adhere to the available experimental data. Our simulations of 16 size-matched mouse and human islet architectures revealed that there are species differences in the role of hubs; Ca2+ activity in human islets was more vulnerable to hub inhibition than mouse islets. These simulation results not only substantiate the existence of β-cell hubs, but also suggest that hubs may be favorably coupled in the electrical and metabolic network of the islet, and that targeted destruction of these cells would greatly impair human islet function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chon-Lok Lei
- Doctoral Training Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joely A. Kellard
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Manami Hara
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - James D. Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linford J.B. Briant
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dirksen C, Eiken A, Bojsen-Møller KN, Svane MS, Martinussen C, Jørgensen NB, Holst JJ, Madsbad S. No Islet Cell Hyperfunction, but Altered Gut-Islet Regulation and Postprandial Hypoglycemia in Glucose-Tolerant Patients 3 Years After Gastric Bypass Surgery. Obes Surg 2017; 26:2263-2267. [PMID: 27138601 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperinsulinemia characterizes Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sometimes leads to reactive hypoglycemia. We prospectively evaluated changes in beta cell function in seven RYGB-operated patients with a median follow-up of 2.9 years with hyperglycemic clamps and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). Three years after RYGB, weight loss was 26 % and insulin sensitivity had improved. Insulin secretion during clamp experiments was largely unchanged compared to before surgery. In contrast, insulin secretion in response to the OGTTs doubled when evaluated by the disposition index and 2-h plasma glucose declined to a mean of 3.3 ± 0.3 mmol/l postoperatively. Our findings indicate that intrinsic beta cell function remains unchanged in glucose-tolerant patients even years after RYGB, while altered gut-islet regulation drive risk of postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Dirksen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Aleksander Eiken
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kirstine N Bojsen-Møller
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Maria S Svane
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Martinussen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nils B Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zheng S, Ren X, Han T, Chen Y, Qiu H, Liu W, Hu Y. Fenofibrate attenuates fatty acid-induced islet β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis via inhibiting the NF-κB/MIF dependent inflammatory pathway. Metabolism 2017; 77:23-38. [PMID: 28941594 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) affect pancreatic β-cell function, and may promote the development of diabetes mellitus. However, the association of lipotoxicity with MIF and the effect of Fenofibrate on β-cell function remain unknown. METHODS LPL+/- mice and MIN6 cells stimulated with palmitic acid (PA) were utilized as models of lipid metabolism disorders. Factors associated with insulin secretion and apoptosis were assessed in the presence or absence of Fenofibrate. The possible mechanisms of lipotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction were also explored. RESULTS Fenofibrate effectively improved lipid accumulation in pancreatic β-cells, increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and β-cell mass, and significantly downregulated pro-apoptotic molecules, at the gene and protein levels, both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, elevated MIF levels in serum from LPL+/- mice and PA-treated MIN6 cells were starkly decreased after Fenofibrate administration. Mechanistic analysis indicated that NF-κB signaling was remarkably triggered, which could further activate MIF transcription. Furthermore, Fenofibrate exerted beneficial effects on fatty acid-induced β-cell dysfunction likely by inhibiting the NF-κB/MIF dependent inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Fenofibrate ameliorates lipotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB/MIF inflammatory pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the treatment of lipotoxicity-induced metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xingxing Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Huiying Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Yaomin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chan SMH, Lau YS, Miller AA, Ku JM, Potocnik S, Ye JM, Woodman OL, Herbert TP. Angiotensin II Causes β-Cell Dysfunction Through an ER Stress-Induced Proinflammatory Response. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3162-3173. [PMID: 28938442 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is associated with an increase in the activation of the renin angiotensin system, whose inhibition reduces the incidence of new-onset diabetes. Importantly, angiotensin II (AngII), independently of its vasoconstrictor action, causes β-cell inflammation and dysfunction, which may be an early step in the development of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine how AngII causes β-cell dysfunction. Islets of Langerhans were isolated from C57BL/6J mice that had been infused with AngII in the presence or absence of taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and effects on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and β-cell function determined. The mechanism of action of AngII was further investigated using isolated murine islets and clonal β cells. We show that AngII triggers ER stress, an increase in the messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and promotes β-cell dysfunction in murine islets of Langerhans both in vivo and ex vivo. These effects were significantly attenuated by TUDCA, an inhibitor of ER stress. We also show that AngII-induced ER stress is required for the increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and is caused by reactive oxygen species and IP3 receptor activation. These data reveal that the induction of ER stress is critical for AngII-induced β-cell dysfunction and indicates how therapies that promote ER homeostasis may be beneficial in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M H Chan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Yeh-Siang Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Alyson A Miller
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M Ku
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Simon Potocnik
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Owen L Woodman
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Terence P Herbert
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, College of Science, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu M, Zhang X, Li A, Zhang X, Wang B, Li B, Liu S, Li H, Xiu R. Insulin treatment restores islet microvascular vasomotion function in diabetic mice. J Diabetes 2017; 9:958-971. [PMID: 27976498 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microcirculation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. We hypothesized that pancreatic islet microvascular (PIM) vasomotion, as a parameter of pancreatic islet microcirculation function, is abnormal in diabetic mice and that insulin treatment may reverse this dysfunction. METHODS Mice were randomly assigned to non-diabetic control, untreated diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic groups (n = 6 in each group). Separate groups of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and high-fat diet-fed mice were used as a model of hyperglycemia. Insulin-treated diabetic mice were treated with 1-1.5 IU/day insulin for 1 week. Laser Doppler monitors were used to evaluate PIM vasomotion. Morphological and ultrastructural changes in islet endothelial cells were determined by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Glucagon, insulin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS In both untreated diabetic groups, the pancreatic islet microcirculation was unable to regulate PIM vasomotion. The rhythm of vasomotion was irregular, and the average blood perfusion, amplitude, frequency, and relative velocity of vasomotion were significantly lower than in non-diabetic controls. Insulin treatment restored the functional status of PIM vasomotion. In islet endothelial cells from both untreated diabetic groups, the mitochondria were swollen with disarrangement of the cristae, and the distribution of PECAM-1 was discontinuous. Insulin treatment significantly increased the reduced expression of PECAM-1 in both untreated diabetic groups and VEGF-A expression in untreated STZ-diabetic mice. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the functional status of PIM vasomotion is impaired in diabetic mice but can be restored by insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Institute of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Institute of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ailing Li
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Institute of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Ultrastructural Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Institute of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Institute of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Institute of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Institute of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijuan Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Institute of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) involves interplay between metabolic and cationic events. Seminal contributions from multiple laboratories affirm essential roles for small G-proteins (Rac1, Cdc42, Arf6, Rab27A) in GSIS. Activation of these signalling proteins promotes cytoskeletal remodeling, transport and docking of insulin granules on the plasma membrane for exocytotic secretion of insulin. Evidence in rodent and human islets suggests key roles for lipidation (farnesylation and geranylgeranylation) of these G-proteins for their targeting to appropriate cellular compartments for optimal regulation of effectors leading to GSIS. Interestingly, however, inhibition of prenylation appears to cause mislocalization of non-prenylated, but (paradoxically) activated G-proteins, in "inappropriate" compartments leading to activation of stress kinases and onset of mitochondrial defects, loss in GSIS and apoptosis of the islet β-cell. This review highlights our current understanding of roles of G-proteins and their post-translational lipidation (prenylation) signalling networks in islet function in normal health, metabolic stress (glucolipotoxicity and ER stress) and diabetes. Critical knowledge gaps that need to be addressed for the development of therapeutics to halt defects in these signalling steps in β-cells in models of impaired insulin secretion and diabetes are also highlighted and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Kowluru
- β-Cell Biochemistry Laboratory, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Deem JD, Muta K, Scarlett JM, Morton GJ, Schwartz MW. How Should We Think About the Role of the Brain in Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes? Diabetes 2017; 66:1758-1765. [PMID: 28603139 PMCID: PMC5482090 DOI: 10.2337/dbi16-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Deem
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kenjiro Muta
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jarrad M Scarlett
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Gregory J Morton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nuñez-Durán E, Chanclón B, Sütt S, Real J, Marschall HU, Wernstedt Asterholm I, Cansby E, Mahlapuu M. Protein kinase STK25 aggravates the severity of non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease in mice. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:15-27. [PMID: 28442507 PMCID: PMC5510597 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Characterising the molecular networks that negatively regulate pancreatic β-cell function is essential for understanding the underlying pathogenesis and developing new treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes. We recently identified serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25) as a critical regulator of ectopic fat storage, meta-inflammation, and fibrosis in liver and skeletal muscle. Here, we assessed the role of STK25 in control of progression of non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease in the context of chronic exposure to dietary lipids in mice. We found that overexpression of STK25 in high-fat-fed transgenic mice aggravated diet-induced lipid storage in the pancreas compared with that of wild-type controls, which was accompanied by exacerbated pancreatic inflammatory cell infiltration, stellate cell activation, fibrosis and apoptosis. Pancreas of Stk25 transgenic mice also displayed a marked decrease in islet β/α-cell ratio and alteration in the islet architecture with an increased presence of α-cells within the islet core, whereas islet size remained similar between genotypes. After a continued challenge with a high-fat diet, lower levels of fasting plasma insulin and C-peptide, and higher levels of plasma leptin, were detected in Stk25 transgenic vs wild-type mice. Furthermore, the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was impaired in high-fat-fed Stk25 transgenic mice during glucose tolerance test, in spite of higher net change in blood glucose concentrations compared with wild-type controls, suggesting islet β-cell dysfunction. In summary, this study unravels a role for STK25 in determining the susceptibility to diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease in mice in connection to obesity. Our findings highlight STK25 as a potential drug target for metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nuñez-Durán
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Metabolic PhysiologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silva Sütt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joana Real
- Department of Metabolic PhysiologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineWallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Metabolic PhysiologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmelie Cansby
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margit Mahlapuu
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The pancreatic islet is highly vascularised, with an extensive capillary network. In addition to providing nutrients and oxygen to islet endocrine cells and transporting hormones to the peripheral circulation, islet capillaries (comprised primarily of islet endothelial cells) are an important source of signals that enhance survival and function of the islet beta cell. In type 2 diabetes, and animal models thereof, evidence exists of morphological and functional abnormalities in these islet endothelial cells. In diabetes, islet capillaries are thickened, dilated and fragmented, and islet endothelial cells express markers of inflammation and activation. In vitro data suggest that this dysfunctional islet endothelial phenotype may contribute to impaired insulin release from the beta cell. This review examines potential candidate molecules that may mediate the positive effects of islet endothelial cells on beta cell survival and function under normal conditions. Further, it explores possible mechanisms underlying the development of islet endothelial dysfunction in diabetes and reviews therapeutic options for ameliorating this aspect of the islet lesion in type 2 diabetes. Finally, considerations regarding differences between human and rodent islet vasculature and the potentially unforeseen negative consequences of strategies to expand the islet vasculature, particularly under diabetic conditions, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan F Hogan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (151), 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Hull
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (151), 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|