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Huang H, Zheng X, Wen X, Zhong J, Zhou Y, Xu L. Visceral fat correlates with insulin secretion and sensitivity independent of BMI and subcutaneous fat in Chinese with type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1144834. [PMID: 36909323 PMCID: PMC9999013 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1144834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Clinical heterogeneity exists in overall obesity and abdominal obesity in terms of insulin secretion and sensitivity. Further, the impact of visceral fat (VF) on the first- and second-phase insulin secretion (FPIS and SPIS) is controversial. We aim to investigate insulin secretion and sensitivity in Chinese patients with T2DM according to different BMI and VF levels. METHODS This study enrolled 300 participants. A dual bioelectrical impedance analyzer was used to assess the visceral and subcutaneous fat area (VFA and SFA). VF levels were categorized as normal or high, with the cutoff value of 100 cm2. FPIS and SPIS were evaluated by arginine stimulation test and standardized steamed bread meal tolerance test, respectively. β-cell function (HOMA2-β), insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), and Gutt's insulin sensitivity index (Gutt-ISI) were also calculated. Spearman's correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were adopted for statistical analysis. RESULTS Participants were categorized into four groups: normal weight-normal VF, normal weight-high VF, overweight/obese-normal VF and overweight/obese-high VF. Multivariate linear regression showed that both VFA and SFA were correlated with FPIS, HOMA2-IR and Gutt-ISI after controlling for gender and diabetes duration. After further adjustment for BMI and VFA, some associations of SFA with insulin secretion and sensitivity disappeared. After adjustment for gender, diabetes duration, BMI and SFA, VFA was positively correlated with FPIS, SPIS and HOMA2-IR. Subjects with overweight/obese-high VF were more likely to have higher FPIS, HOMA2-IR and lower Gutt-ISI (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION VF affects both FPIS and SPIS, and worsens insulin sensitivity independent of BMI and subcutaneous fat in Chinese patients with T2DM. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2200062884.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lingling Xu,
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2
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Khalighinejad P, Suh EH, Sherry AD. MRI Methods for Imaging Beta-Cell Function in the Rodent Pancreas. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2592:101-111. [PMID: 36507988 PMCID: PMC10008468 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2807-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of Zn2+ ions in proper storage of insulin in β-cell granules is well-established so when insulin is secreted from β-cells stimulated by an increase in plasma glucose, free Zn2+ ions are also released. This local increase in Zn2+ can be detected in the pancreas of rodents in real time by the use of a zinc-responsive MR contrast agent. This method offers the opportunity to monitor β-cell function longitudinally in live rodents. The methods used in our lab are fully described in this short report and some MR images of a rat pancreas showing clearly enhanced hot spots in the tail are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Khalighinejad
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eul Hyun Suh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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3
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McNeilly AD, Yianakas A, Gallagher JG, Tarlton J, Ashford ML, McCrimmon RJ. Central deficiency of IL-6Ra in mice impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101488. [PMID: 35470093 PMCID: PMC9065900 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alison D McNeilly
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Adonis Yianakas
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Jennifer G Gallagher
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Jamie Tarlton
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Michael Lj Ashford
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
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4
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Nichols CG, York NW, Remedi MS. ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Hyperinsulinism and Type 2 Diabetes: Inconvenient Paradox or New Paradigm? Diabetes 2022; 71:367-375. [PMID: 35196393 PMCID: PMC8893938 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells is complex, but physiological glucose-dependent secretion is dominated by electrical activity, in turn controlled by ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel activity. Accordingly, loss-of-function mutations of the KATP channel Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) or SUR1 (ABCC8) subunit increase electrical excitability and secretion, resulting in congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), whereas gain-of-function mutations cause underexcitability and undersecretion, resulting in neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM). Thus, diazoxide, which activates KATP channels, and sulfonylureas, which inhibit KATP channels, have dramatically improved therapies for CHI and NDM, respectively. However, key findings do not fit within this simple paradigm: mice with complete absence of β-cell KATP activity are not hyperinsulinemic; instead, they are paradoxically glucose intolerant and prone to diabetes, as are older human CHI patients. Critically, despite these advances, there has been little insight into any role of KATP channel activity changes in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Intriguingly, the CHI progression from hypersecretion to undersecretion actually mirrors the classical response to insulin resistance in the progression of T2D. In seeking to explain the progression of CHI, multiple lines of evidence lead us to propose that underlying mechanisms are also similar and that development of T2D may involve loss of KATP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Nichols
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nathaniel W York
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Maria S Remedi
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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5
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Abstract
During development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), excessive nutritional load is thought to expose pancreatic islets to toxic effects of lipids and reduce β-cell function and mass. However, lipids also play a positive role in cellular metabolism and function. Thus, proper trafficking of lipids is critical for β cells to maximize the beneficial effects of these molecules while preventing their toxic effects. Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that play an important role in the storage and trafficking of lipids. In this review, we summarize the discovery of LDs in pancreatic β cells, LD lifecycle, and the effect of LD catabolism on β-cell insulin secretion. We discuss factors affecting LD formation such as age, cell type, species, and nutrient availability. We then outline published studies targeting critical LD regulators, primarily in rat and human β-cell models, to understand the molecular effect of LD formation and degradation on β-cell function and health. Furthermore, based on the abnormal LD accumulation observed in human T2D islets, we discuss the possible role of LDs during the development of β-cell failure in T2D. Current knowledge indicates that proper formation and clearance of LDs are critical to normal insulin secretion, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and mitochondrial integrity in β cells. However, it remains unclear whether LDs positively or negatively affect human β-cell demise in T2D. Thus, we discuss possible research directions to address the knowledge gap regarding the role of LDs in β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Siming Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine Carver College of Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Yumi Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine Carver College of Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, USA
- Correspondence: Yumi Imai, MD, Department of Internal Medicine Carver College of Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, PBDB Rm 3318, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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6
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Israeli T, Riahi Y, Garzon P, Louzada RA, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Blandino-Rosano M, Yeroslaviz-Stolper R, Kadosh L, Tornovsky-Babeay S, Hacker G, Israeli N, Agmon O, Tirosh B, Cerasi E, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Leibowitz G. Nutrient Sensor mTORC1 Regulates Insulin Secretion by Modulating β-Cell Autophagy. Diabetes 2022; 71:453-469. [PMID: 34862201 PMCID: PMC8893949 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic regulation of autophagy in β-cells by cycles of fasting-feeding and its effects on insulin secretion are unknown. In β-cells, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is inhibited while fasting and is rapidly stimulated during refeeding by a single amino acid, leucine, and glucose. Stimulation of mTORC1 by nutrients inhibited the autophagy initiator ULK1 and the transcription factor TFEB, thereby preventing autophagy when β-cells were continuously exposed to nutrients. Inhibition of mTORC1 by Raptor knockout mimicked the effects of fasting and stimulated autophagy while inhibiting insulin secretion, whereas moderate inhibition of autophagy under these conditions rescued insulin secretion. These results show that mTORC1 regulates insulin secretion through modulation of autophagy under different nutritional situations. In the fasting state, autophagy is regulated in an mTORC1-dependent manner, and its stimulation is required to keep insulin levels low, thereby preventing hypoglycemia. Reciprocally, stimulation of mTORC1 by elevated leucine and glucose, which is common in obesity, may promote hyperinsulinemia by inhibiting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Israeli
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Riahi
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Perla Garzon
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruy Andrade Louzada
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Joao Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Manuel Blandino-Rosano
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Roni Yeroslaviz-Stolper
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liat Kadosh
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharona Tornovsky-Babeay
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Hacker
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nitzan Israeli
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Agmon
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- Stress Signaling Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Erol Cerasi
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Corresponding author: Gil Leibowitz,
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7
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Ipp E. Diabetic Retinopathy and Insulin Insufficiency: Beta Cell Replacement as a Strategy to Prevent Blindness. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:734360. [PMID: 34912295 PMCID: PMC8667804 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.734360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a potentially devastating complication of diabetes because it puts patients at risk of blindness. Diabetes is a common cause of blindness in the U.S. and worldwide and is dramatically increasing in global prevalence. Thus new approaches are needed to prevent this dreaded complication. There is extensive data that indicates beta cell secretory failure is a risk factor for DR, independent of its influence on glycemic control. This perspective article will provide evidence for insufficient endogenous insulin secretion as an important factor in the development of DR. The areas of evidence discussed are: (a) Presence of insulin receptors in the retina, (b) Clinical studies that show an association of beta cell insufficiency with DR, (c) Treatment with insulin in type 2 diabetes, a marker for endogenous insulin deficiency, is an independent risk factor for DR, (d) Recent clinical studies that link DR with an insulin deficient form of type 2 diabetes, and (e) Beta cell replacement studies that demonstrate endogenous insulin prevents progression of DR. The cumulative data drive our conclusion that beta cell replacement will have an important role in preventing DR and/or mitigating its severity in both type 1 diabetes and insulinopenic type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Ipp
- Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
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8
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Adams JD, Egan AM, Laurenti MC, Schembri Wismayer D, Bailey KR, Cobelli C, Dalla Man C, Vella A. Insulin secretion and action and the response of endogenous glucose production to a lack of glucagon suppression in nondiabetic subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E728-E736. [PMID: 34658253 PMCID: PMC8782666 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00284.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a disease characterized by impaired insulin secretion and defective glucagon suppression in the postprandial period. We examined the effect of impaired glucagon suppression on glucose concentrations and endogenous glucose production (EGP) at different degrees of insulin secretory impairment. The contribution of anthropometric characteristics, peripheral, and hepatic insulin action to this variability was also examined. To do so, we studied 54 nondiabetic subjects on two occasions in which endogenous hormone secretion was inhibited by somatostatin, with glucagon infused at a rate of 0.65 ng/kg/min, at 0 min to prevent a fall in glucagon (nonsuppressed day) or at 120 min to create a transient fall in glucagon (suppressed day). Subjects received glucose (labeled with [3-3H]-glucose) infused to mimic the systemic appearance of 50-g oral glucose. Insulin was infused to mimic a prandial insulin response in 18 subjects, another 18 received 80% of the dose, and the remaining 18 received 60%. EGP was measured using the tracer-dilution technique. Decreased prandial insulin resulted in greater % increase in peak glucose but not in integrated glucose concentrations attributable to nonsuppressed glucagon. The % change in integrated EGP was unaffected by insulin dose. Multivariate regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, weight, and insulin dose, did not show a relationship between the EGP response to impaired suppression of glucagon and insulin action as measured at the time of screening by oral glucose tolerance. A similar analysis for hepatic insulin action also did not show a relationship with the EGP response. These data indicate that the effect of impaired glucagon suppression on EGP is independent of anthropometric characteristics and insulin action.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In prediabetes, anthropometric characteristics as well as insulin action do not alter the hepatic response to glucagon. The postprandial suppression or lack of suppression of glucagon secretion is an important factor governing postprandial glucose tolerance independent of insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Aoife M Egan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marcello C Laurenti
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel Schembri Wismayer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kent R Bailey
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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9
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Abstract
Pancreatic β cells dedicate much of their protein translation capacity to producing insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. In response to increased secretory demand, β cells can compensate by increasing insulin production capability even in the face of protracted peripheral insulin resistance. The ability to amplify insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia is a critical facet of β-cell function, and the exact mechanisms by which this occurs have been studied for decades. To adapt to the constant and fast-changing demands for insulin production, β cells use the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum. Failure of these compensatory mechanisms contributes to both type 1 and 2 diabetes. Additionally, studies in which β cells are "rested" by reducing endogenous insulin demand have shown promise as a therapeutic strategy that could be applied more broadly. Here, we review recent findings in β cells pertaining to the metabolic amplifying pathway, the unfolded protein response, and potential advances in therapeutics based on β-cell rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kalwat
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Donalyn Scheuner
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Decio L Eizirik
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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10
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Becker A, Wardas B, Salah H, Amini M, Fecher-Trost C, Sen Q, Martus D, Beck A, Philipp SE, Flockerzi V, Belkacemi A. Cavβ3 Regulates Ca 2+ Signaling and Insulin Expression in Pancreatic β-Cells in a Cell-Autonomous Manner. Diabetes 2021; 70:2532-2544. [PMID: 34426509 PMCID: PMC8564405 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav) channels consist of a pore-forming Cavα1 subunit and auxiliary Cavα2-δ and Cavβ subunits. In fibroblasts, Cavβ3, independent of its role as a Cav subunit, reduces the sensitivity to low concentrations of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Similarly, Cavβ3 could affect cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2 +]) in pancreatic β-cells. In this study, we deleted the Cavβ3-encoding gene Cacnb3 in insulin-secreting rat β-(Ins-1) cells using CRISPR/Cas9. These cells were used as controls to investigate the role of Cavβ3 on Ca2+ signaling, glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS), Cav channel activity, and gene expression in wild-type cells in which Cavβ3 and the IP3 receptor were coimmunoprecipitated. Transcript and protein profiling revealed significantly increased levels of insulin transcription factor Mafa, CaMKIV, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-1, and nitric oxide synthase-1 in Cavβ3-knockout cells. In the absence of Cavβ3, Cav currents were not altered. In contrast, CREB activity, the amount of MAFA protein and GIIS, the extent of IP3-dependent Ca2+ release and the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations were increased. These processes were decreased by the Cavβ3 protein in a concentration-dependent manner. Our study shows that Cavβ3 interacts with the IP3 receptor in isolated β-cells, controls IP3-dependent Ca2+-signaling independently of Cav channel functions, and thereby regulates insulin expression and its glucose-dependent release in a cell-autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Becker
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Wardas
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Houssein Salah
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maryam Amini
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Qiao Sen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Damian Martus
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beck
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stephan E Philipp
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anouar Belkacemi
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
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11
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Abstract
β cells in the hyperglycemic environment of diabetes have marked changes in phenotype and function that are largely reversible if glucose levels can be returned to normal. A leading hypothesis is that these changes are caused by the elevated glucose levels leading to the concept of glucose toxicity. Support for the glucose toxicity hypothesis is largely circumstantial, but little progress has been made in defining the responsible mechanisms. Then questions emerge that are difficult to answer. In the very earliest stages of diabetes development, there is a dramatic loss of glucose-induced first-phase insulin release (FPIR) with only trivial elevations of blood glucose levels. A related question is how impaired insulin action on target tissues such as liver, muscle and fat can cause increased insulin secretion. The existence of a sophisticated feedback mechanism between insulin secretion and insulin action on peripheral tissues driven by glucose has been postulated, but it has been difficult to measure increases in blood glucose levels that might have been expected. These complexities force us to challenge the simplicity of the glucose toxicity hypothesis and feedback mechanisms. It may turn out that glucose is somehow driving all of these changes, but we must develop new questions and experimental approaches to test the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon C Weir
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Peter C Butler
- Larry l. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Meneyrol K, Estévez-Salguero Á, González-García I, Guitton J, Taouis M, Benomar Y, Magnan C, López M, Le Stunff H. Ovarian insufficiency impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through activation of hypothalamic de novo ceramide synthesis. Metabolism 2021; 123:154846. [PMID: 34371064 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogens regulate body weight through their action on hypothalamus to modulate food intake and energy expenditure. Hypothalamic de novo ceramide synthesis plays a central role on obesity induced by oestrogen deficiency. Depletion in oestrogens is also known to be associated with glucose intolerance, which favours type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the implication of hypothalamic ceramide in the regulation of glucose homeostasis by oestrogen is unknown. Here, we studied glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. OVX induces body weight gain associated with a hypothalamic inflammation and impaired glucose homeostasis. Genetic blockade of ceramide synthesis in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) reverses hypothalamic inflammation and partly restored glucose tolerance induced by OVX. Furthermore, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is increased in OVX rats due to a raise of insulin secretion second phase, a characteristic of early stage of T2D. In contrast, GSIS from isolated islets of OVX rats is totally blunted. Inhibition of ceramide synthesis in the VMH restores GSIS from isolated OVX islets and represses the second phase of insulin secretion. Stimulation of oestrogen receptor α (ERα) by oestradiol (E2) down-regulates ceramide synthesis in hypothalamic neuronal GT1-7 cells but no in microglial SIM-A9 cells. In contrast, genetic inactivation of ERα in VMH upregulates ceramide synthesis. These results indicate that hypothalamic neuronal de novo ceramide synthesis triggers the OVX-dependent impairment of glucose homeostasis which is partly mediated by a dysregulation of GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Meneyrol
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ánxela Estévez-Salguero
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Ismael González-García
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Jeanne Guitton
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Mohammed Taouis
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Yacir Benomar
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain.
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France.
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13
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Lucey M, Ashik T, Marzook A, Wang Y, Goulding J, Oishi A, Broichhagen J, Hodson DJ, Minnion J, Elani Y, Jockers R, Briddon SJ, Bloom SR, Tomas A, Jones B. Acylation of the Incretin Peptide Exendin-4 Directly Impacts Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Signaling and Trafficking. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:319-334. [PMID: 34315812 PMCID: PMC8626645 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a class B G protein-coupled receptor and mainstay therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Recent reports have highlighted how biased agonism at the GLP-1R affects sustained glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through avoidance of desensitization and downregulation. A number of GLP-1R agonists (GLP-1RAs) feature a fatty acid moiety to prolong their pharmacokinetics via increased albumin binding, but the potential for these chemical changes to influence GLP-1R function has rarely been investigated beyond potency assessments for cAMP. Here, we directly compare the prototypical GLP-1RA exendin-4 with its C-terminally acylated analog, exendin-4-C16. We examine relative propensities of each ligand to recruit and activate G proteins and β-arrestins, endocytic and postendocytic trafficking profiles, and interactions with model and cellular membranes in HEK293 and HEK293T cells. Both ligands had similar cAMP potency, but exendin-4-C16 showed ∼2.5-fold bias toward G protein recruitment and a ∼60% reduction in β-arrestin-2 recruitment efficacy compared with exendin-4, as well as reduced GLP-1R endocytosis and preferential targeting toward recycling pathways. These effects were associated with reduced movement of the GLP-1R extracellular domain measured using a conformational biosensor approach and a ∼70% increase in insulin secretion in INS-1 832/3 cells. Interactions with plasma membrane lipids were enhanced by the acyl chain. Exendin-4-C16 showed extensive albumin binding and was highly effective for lowering of blood glucose in mice over at least 72 hours. Our study highlights the importance of a broad approach to the evaluation of GLP-1RA pharmacology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Acylation is a common strategy to enhance the pharmacokinetics of peptide-based drugs. This work shows how acylation can also affect various other pharmacological parameters, including biased agonism, receptor trafficking, and interactions with the plasma membrane, which may be therapeutically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucey
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Tanyel Ashik
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Amaara Marzook
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Yifan Wang
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Joëlle Goulding
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Atsuro Oishi
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - David J Hodson
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - James Minnion
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Yuval Elani
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
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14
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Abstract
We hypothesize that basal hyperinsulinemia is synergistically mediated by an interplay between increased oxidative stress and excess lipid in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and long-chain acyl-CoA esters (LC-CoA). In addition, ROS production may increase in response to inflammatory cytokines and certain exogenous environmental toxins that mislead β-cells into perceiving nutrient excess when none exists. Thus, basal hyperinsulinemia is envisioned as an adaptation to sustained real or perceived nutrient excess that only manifests as a disease when the excess demand can no longer be met by an overworked β-cell. In this article we will present a testable hypothetical mechanism to explain the role of lipids and ROS in basal hyperinsulinemia and how they differ from glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The model centers on redox regulation, via ROS, and S-acylation-mediated trafficking via LC-CoA. These pathways are well established in neural systems but not β-cells. During GSIS, these signals rise and fall in an oscillatory pattern, together with the other well-established signals derived from glucose metabolism; however, their precise roles have not been defined. We propose that failure to either increase or decrease ROS or LC-CoA appropriately will disturb β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Corkey
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jude T Deeney
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew J Merrins
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry and Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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15
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Kirwan JP, Axelrod CL, Kullman EL, Malin SK, Dantas WS, Pergola K, del Rincon JP, Brethauer SA, Kashyap SR, Schauer PR. Foregut Exclusion Enhances Incretin and Insulin Secretion After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4192-e4201. [PMID: 33870426 PMCID: PMC8475221 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with type 2 diabetes experience resolution of hyperglycemia within days after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. This is attributed, in part, to enhanced secretion of hindgut factors following exclusion of the gastric remnant and proximal intestine during surgery. However, evidence of the mechanisms of remission remain limited due to the challenges of metabolic evaluation during the early postoperative period. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the role of foregut exclusion in the resolution of type 2 diabetes after RYGB. METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 15) undergoing RYGB had a gastrostomy tube (G-tube) placed in their gastric remnant at time of surgery. Patients were randomized to receive a mixed meal tolerance test via oral or G-tube feeding immediately prior to and 2 weeks after surgery in a repeated measures crossover design. Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, incretin responses, and indices of meal-stimulated insulin secretion and sensitivity were determined. RESULTS Body weight, fat mass, fasting glucose and insulin, and circulating lipids were significantly decreased 2 weeks after surgery. The glycemic response to feeding was reduced as a function of total area under the curve but not after adjustment for the reduction in fasting glucose. Oral feeding significantly enhanced insulin and incretin secretion after RYGB, which was entirely ablated by G-tube feeding. CONCLUSION Foregut exclusion accounts for the rise in incretin and insulin secretion but may not fully explain the early improvements in glucose metabolism after RYGB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Kirwan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,USA
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA,USA
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA,USA
- Correspondence: John P. Kirwan, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, Location: L-4030, USA.
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,USA
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA,USA
- Department of Translational Services, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA,USA
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA,USA
| | - Emily L Kullman
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,USA
| | - Steven K Malin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,USA
| | - Wagner S Dantas
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA,USA
| | - Kathryn Pergola
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA,USA
- Department of Translational Services, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA,USA
| | - Juan Pablo del Rincon
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,USA
| | - Stacy A Brethauer
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
| | - Sangeeta R Kashyap
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
| | - Philip R Schauer
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA,USA
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Lau H, Khosrawipour T, Li S, Alexander M, Frelkiewicz P, Labbé MK, Stieglitz S, Lakey JRT, Kielan W, Khosrawipour V. Exploring Insulin Production Following Alveolar Islet Transplantation (AIT). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910185. [PMID: 34638521 PMCID: PMC8508311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of islet implantation into the alveoli. However, until today, there are no data on islet behavior and morphology at their transplant site. This study is the first to investigate islet distribution as well insulin production at the implant site. Using an ex vivo postmortem swine model, porcine pancreatic islets were isolated and aerosolized into the lung using an endoscopic spray-catheter. Lung tissue was explanted and bronchial airways were surgically isolated and connected to a perfusor. Correct implantation was confirmed via histology. The purpose of using this new lung perfusion model was to measure static as well as dynamic insulin excretions following glucose stimulation. Alveolar islet implantation was confirmed after aerosolization. Over 82% of islets were correctly implanted into the intra-alveolar space. The medium contact area to the alveolar surface was estimated at 60 +/− 3% of the total islet surface. The new constructed lung perfusion model was technically feasible. Following static glucose stimulation, insulin secretion was detected, and dynamic glucose stimulation revealed a biphasic insulin secretion capacity during perfusion. Our data indicate that islets secrete insulin following implantation into the alveoli and display an adapted response to dynamic changes in glucose. These preliminary results are encouraging and mark a first step toward endoscopically assisted islet implantation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Lau
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Orange, CA 92868, USA; (M.A.); (J.R.T.L.); (V.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Tanja Khosrawipour
- Department of Surgery (A), University-Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Shiri Li
- Department of Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Orange, CA 92868, USA; (M.A.); (J.R.T.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Piotr Frelkiewicz
- Center for Experimental Diagnostics and Biomedical Innovations, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maya Karine Labbé
- School of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Sven Stieglitz
- Department Pulmonary Medicine, Petrus-Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten-Herdecke, D-42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Jonathan Robert Todd Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Orange, CA 92868, USA; (M.A.); (J.R.T.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Wojciech Kielan
- 2nd Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Veria Khosrawipour
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Orange, CA 92868, USA; (M.A.); (J.R.T.L.); (V.K.)
- 2nd Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Zhang Y, Han C, Zhu W, Yang G, Peng X, Mehta S, Zhang J, Chen L, Liu Y. Glucagon Potentiates Insulin Secretion Via β-Cell GCGR at Physiological Concentrations of Glucose. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092495. [PMID: 34572144 PMCID: PMC8471175 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Incretin-potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is critical to maintaining euglycemia, of which GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) on β-cells plays an indispensable role. Recently, α-cell-derived glucagon but not intestine-derived GLP-1 has been proposed as the critical hormone that potentiates GSIS via GLP-1R. However, the function of glucagon receptors (GCGR) on β-cells remains elusive. Here, using GCGR or GLP-1R antagonists, in combination with glucagon, to treat single β-cells, α-β cell clusters and isolated islets, we found that glucagon potentiates insulin secretion via β-cell GCGR at physiological but not high concentrations of glucose. Furthermore, we transfected primary mouse β-cells with RAB-ICUE (a genetically encoded cAMP fluorescence indicator) to monitor cAMP level after glucose stimulation and GCGR activation. Using specific inhibitors of different adenylyl cyclase (AC) family members, we revealed that high glucose concentration or GCGR activation independently evoked cAMP elevation via AC5 in β-cells, thus high glucose stimulation bypassed GCGR in promoting insulin secretion. Additionally, we generated β-cell-specific GCGR knockout mice which glucose intolerance was more severe when fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We further found that β-cell GCGR activation promoted GSIS more than GLP-1R in HFD, indicating the critical role of GCGR in maintaining glucose homeostasis during nutrient overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Z.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (G.Y.); (X.P.)
| | - Chengsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Z.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (G.Y.); (X.P.)
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Z.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (G.Y.); (X.P.)
| | - Guoyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Z.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (G.Y.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Z.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (G.Y.); (X.P.)
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0702, USA; (S.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0702, USA; (S.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Z.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (G.Y.); (X.P.)
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing 100871, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (Y.L.)
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18
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Henquin JC. Non-glucose modulators of insulin secretion in healthy humans: (dis)similarities between islet and in vivo studies. Metabolism 2021; 122:154821. [PMID: 34174327 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optimal metabolic homeostasis requires precise temporal and quantitative control of insulin secretion. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have often focused on the regulation by glucose although many additional factors including other nutrients, neurotransmitters, hormones and drugs, modulate the secretory function of pancreatic β-cells. This review is based on the analysis of clinical investigations characterizing the effects of non-glucose modulators of insulin secretion in healthy subjects, and of experimental studies testing the same modulators in islets isolated from normal human donors. The aim was to determine whether the information gathered in vitro can reliably be translated to the in vivo situation. The comparison evidenced both convincing similarities and areas of discordance. The lack of coherence generally stems from the use of exceedingly high concentrations of test agents at too high or too low glucose concentrations in vitro, which casts doubts on the physiological relevance of a number of observations made in isolated islets. Future projects resorting to human islets should avoid extreme experimental conditions, such as oversized stimulations or inhibitions of β-cells, which are unlikely to throw light on normal insulin secretion and contribute to the elucidation of its defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Henquin
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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19
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Abstract
Beta cell dysfunction is central to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In T2D, environmental and genetic influences can manifest beta cell dysfunction in many ways, including impaired glucose-sensing and secretion coupling mechanisms, insufficient adaptative responses to stress, and aberrant beta cell loss through increased cell death and/or beta cell de-differentiation. In recent years, circadian disruption has emerged as an important environmental risk factor for T2D. In support of this, genetic disruption of the circadian timing system in rodents impairs insulin secretion and triggers diabetes development, lending important evidence that the circadian timing system is intimately connected to, and essential for the regulation of pancreatic beta cell function; however, the role of the circadian timing system in the regulation of beta cell biology is only beginning to be unraveled. Here, we review the recent literature that explores the importance of the pancreatic islet/beta cell circadian clock in the regulation of various aspects of beta cell biology, including transcriptional and functional control of daily cycles of insulin secretion capacity, regulation of postnatal beta cell maturation, and control of the adaptive responses of the beta cell to metabolic stress and acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Seshadri
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Christine A Doucette
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Correspondence: Christine A. Doucette, PhD, University of Manitoba, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre 603, 715 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada.
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20
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Abstract
Pancreatic β cells operate with a high rate of membrane recycling for insulin secretion, yet endocytosis in these cells is not fully understood. We investigate this process in mature mouse β cells by genetically deleting dynamin GTPase, the membrane fission machinery essential for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Unexpectedly, the mice lacking all three dynamin genes (DNM1, DNM2, DNM3) in their β cells are viable, and their β cells still contain numerous insulin granules. Endocytosis in these β cells is severely impaired, resulting in abnormal endocytic intermediates on the plasma membrane. Although insulin granules are abundant, their release upon glucose stimulation is blunted in both the first and second phases, leading to hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in mice. Dynamin triple deletion impairs insulin granule exocytosis and decreases intracellular Ca2+ responses and granule docking. The docking defect is correlated with reduced expression of Munc13-1 and RIM1 and reorganization of cortical F-actin in β cells. Collectively, these findings uncover the role of dynamin in dense-core vesicle endocytosis and secretory capacity. Insulin secretion deficiency in the absence of dynamin-mediated endocytosis highlights the risk of impaired membrane trafficking in endocrine failure and diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Yumei Wu
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Manami Hara
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Adam Rizk
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Chen Ji
- Synapses and Circuits section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dan Nerad
- Emergency Medicine, Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Hood, TX 76544
| | - Natalia Tamarina
- Department of Medicine, The Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Xuelin Lou
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226;
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21
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Liu Y, He S, Zhou R, Zhang X, Yang S, Deng D, Zhang C, Yu X, Chen Y, Su Z. Nuclear Factor-Y in Mouse Pancreatic β-Cells Plays a Crucial Role in Glucose Homeostasis by Regulating β-Cell Mass and Insulin Secretion. Diabetes 2021; 70:1703-1716. [PMID: 33980692 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell mass and insulin secretion are determined by the dynamic change of transcription factor expression levels in response to altered metabolic demand. Nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) is an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor playing critical roles in multiple cellular processes. However, the physiological role of NF-Y in pancreatic β-cells is poorly understood. The current study was undertaken in a conditional knockout of Nf-ya specifically in pancreatic β-cells (Nf-ya βKO) to define the essential physiological role of NF-Y in β-cells. Nf-ya βKO mice exhibited glucose intolerance without changes in insulin sensitivity. Reduced β-cell proliferation resulting in decreased β-cell mass was observed in these mice, which was associated with disturbed actin cytoskeleton. NF-Y-deficient β-cells also exhibited impaired insulin secretion with a reduced Ca2+ influx in response to glucose, which was associated with an inefficient glucose uptake into β-cells due to a decreased expression of GLUT2 and a reduction in ATP production resulting from the disruption of mitochondrial integrity. This study is the first to show that NF-Y is critical for pancreatic islet homeostasis and function through regulation in β-cell proliferation, glucose uptake into β-cells, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Modulating NF-Y expression in β-cells may therefore offer an attractive approach for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan He
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixue Zhou
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Deng
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiguang Su
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the failure of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells (or β-cell death) due to either autoimmunity (type 1 diabetes mellitus) or failure to compensate for insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes mellitus; T2DM). In addition, mutations of critical genes cause monogenic diabetes. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary site for proinsulin folding; therefore, ER proteostasis is crucial for both β-cell function and survival under physiological and pathophysiological challenges. Importantly, the ER is also the major intracellular Ca2+ storage organelle, generating Ca2+ signals that contribute to insulin secretion. ER stress is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. In this Review, we summarize the mutations in monogenic diabetes that play causal roles in promoting ER stress in β-cells. Furthermore, we discuss the possible mechanisms responsible for ER proteostasis imbalance with a focus on T2DM, in which both genetics and environment are considered important in promoting ER stress in β-cells. We also suggest that controlled insulin secretion from β-cells might reduce the progression of a key aspect of the metabolic syndrome, namely nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Finally, we evaluate potential therapeutic approaches to treat T2DM, including the optimization and protection of functional β-cell mass in individuals with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yong
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences & Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaeseok Han
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Choongchungnam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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23
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Gomes PRL, Vilas-Boas EA, Leite EDA, Munhoz AC, Lucena CF, Amaral FGD, Carpinelli AR, Cipolla-Neto J. Melatonin regulates maternal pancreatic remodeling and B-cell function during pregnancy and lactation. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12717. [PMID: 33460489 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine pancreas of pregnant rats shows evident plasticity, which allows the morphological structures to return to the nonpregnant state right after delivery. Furthermore, it is well-known the role of melatonin in the maintenance of the endocrine pancreas and its tropism. Studies indicate increasing nocturnal serum concentrations of maternal melatonin during pregnancy in both humans and rodents. The present study investigated the role of melatonin on energy metabolism and in pancreatic function and remodeling during pregnancy and early lactation in rats. The results confirm that the absence of melatonin during pregnancy impairs glucose metabolism. In addition, there is a dysregulation in insulin secretion at various stages of the development of pregnancy and an apparent failure in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during the lactation period, evidencing the role of melatonin on the regulation of insulin secretion. This mechanism seems not to be dependent on the antioxidant effect of melatonin and probably dependent on MT2 receptors. We also observed changes in the mechanisms of death and cell proliferation at the end of pregnancy and beginning of lactation, crucial periods for pancreatic remodeling. The present observations strongly suggest that both functionality and remodeling of the endocrine pancreas are impaired in the absence of melatonin and its adequate replacement, mimicking the physiological increase seen during pregnancy, is able to reverse some of the damage observed. Thus, we conclude that pineal melatonin is important to metabolic adaptation to pregnancy and both the functionality of the beta cells and the remodeling of the pancreas during pregnancy and early lactation, ensuring the return to nonpregnancy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloisa Aparecida Vilas-Boas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Almeida Leite
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Munhoz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Ferraz Lucena
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Angelo Rafael Carpinelli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Graff SM, Johnson SR, Leo PJ, Dadi PK, Dickerson MT, Nakhe AY, McInerney-Leo AM, Marshall M, Zaborska KE, Schaub CM, Brown MA, Jacobson DA, Duncan EL. A KCNK16 mutation causing TALK-1 gain of function is associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young. JCI Insight 2021; 6:138057. [PMID: 34032641 PMCID: PMC8410089 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterogeneous group of monogenic disorders of impaired pancreatic β cell function. The mechanisms underlying MODY include β cell KATP channel dysfunction (e.g., KCNJ11 [MODY13] or ABCC8 [MODY12] mutations); however, no other β cell channelopathies have been associated with MODY to date. Here, we have identified a nonsynonymous coding variant in KCNK16 (NM_001135105: c.341T>C, p.Leu114Pro) segregating with MODY. KCNK16 is the most abundant and β cell-restricted K+ channel transcript, encoding the two-pore-domain K+ channel TALK-1. Whole-cell K+ currents demonstrated a large gain of function with TALK-1 Leu114Pro compared with TALK-1 WT, due to greater single-channel activity. Glucose-stimulated membrane potential depolarization and Ca2+ influx were inhibited in mouse islets expressing TALK-1 Leu114Pro with less endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ storage. TALK-1 Leu114Pro significantly blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion compared with TALK-1 WT in mouse and human islets. These data suggest that KCNK16 is a previously unreported gene for MODY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Graff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephanie R. Johnson
- Department of Endocrinology, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul J. Leo
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Prasanna K. Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew T. Dickerson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Arya Y. Nakhe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aideen M. McInerney-Leo
- Dermatology Research Centre, Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mhairi Marshall
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karolina E. Zaborska
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles M. Schaub
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew A. Brown
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emma L. Duncan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Adams MT, Dwulet JM, Briggs JK, Reissaus CA, Jin E, Szulczewski JM, Lyman MR, Sdao SM, Kravets V, Nimkulrat SD, Ponik SM, Merrins MJ, Mirmira RG, Linnemann AK, Benninger RKP, Blum B. Reduced synchroneity of intra-islet Ca 2+ oscillations in vivo in Robo-deficient β cells. eLife 2021; 10:e61308. [PMID: 34231467 PMCID: PMC8289414 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial architecture of the islets of Langerhans is hypothesized to facilitate synchronized insulin secretion among β cells, yet testing this in vivo in the intact pancreas is challenging. Robo βKO mice, in which the genes Robo1 and Robo2 are deleted selectively in β cells, provide a unique model of altered islet spatial architecture without loss of β cell differentiation or islet damage from diabetes. Combining Robo βKO mice with intravital microscopy, we show here that Robo βKO islets have reduced synchronized intra-islet Ca2+ oscillations among β cells in vivo. We provide evidence that this loss is not due to a β cell-intrinsic function of Robo, mis-expression or mis-localization of Cx36 gap junctions, or changes in islet vascularization or innervation, suggesting that the islet architecture itself is required for synchronized Ca2+ oscillations. These results have implications for understanding structure-function relationships in the islets during progression to diabetes as well as engineering islets from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa T Adams
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - JaeAnn M Dwulet
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Jennifer K Briggs
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Christopher A Reissaus
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Erli Jin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Joseph M Szulczewski
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Melissa R Lyman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Sophia M Sdao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Vira Kravets
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Sutichot D Nimkulrat
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Suzanne M Ponik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Matthew J Merrins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Amelia K Linnemann
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Richard KP Benninger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Barak Blum
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
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Gujral UP, Kanaya AM. Epidemiology of diabetes among South Asians in the United States: lessons from the MASALA study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1495:24-39. [PMID: 33216378 PMCID: PMC8134616 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
South Asian individuals in the United States are at an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM); however, the mechanisms behind this are not well understood. The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study is the only longitudinal cohort of South Asians in the United States and provides key insights as to the epidemiology of T2DM in South Asians. Evidence from the MASALA study suggests that South Asians experience a disproportionately high burden of prevalent and incident T2DM compared with members of other race/ethnic groups. Higher insulin resistance in South Asians, even with low body mass index (BMI), more impairment in insulin secretion, and greater deposition of ectopic fat likely play a role in T2DM etiology. Furthermore, South Asian migrants to the United States experience a range of factors related to acculturation, social networks, and religious beliefs, which may impact physical activity and dietary practices. Interventions to prevent T2DM in South Asians should include a focus on cultural factors related to health and should consider the complete mechanistic pathway and the relative contributions of insulin resistance, β cell dysfunction, and ectopic fat deposition on T2DM development in South Asians, particularly in those with lower BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unjali P. Gujral
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alka M. Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Cole LK, Agarwal P, Doucette CA, Fonseca M, Xiang B, Sparagna GC, Seshadri N, Vandel M, Dolinsky VW, Hatch GM. Tafazzin Deficiency Reduces Basal Insulin Secretion and Mitochondrial Function in Pancreatic Islets From Male Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab102. [PMID: 34019639 PMCID: PMC8197286 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tafazzin (TAZ) is a cardiolipin (CL) biosynthetic enzyme important for maintaining mitochondrial function. TAZ affects both the species and content of CL in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which are essential for normal cellular respiration. In pancreatic β cells, mitochondrial function is closely associated with insulin secretion. However, the role of TAZ and CL in the secretion of insulin from pancreatic islets remains unknown. Male 4-month-old doxycycline-inducible TAZ knock-down (KD) mice and wild-type littermate controls were used. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess β-cell morphology in whole pancreas sections, whereas ex vivo insulin secretion, CL content, RNA-sequencing analysis, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption were measured from isolated islet preparations. Ex vivo insulin secretion under nonstimulatory low-glucose concentrations was reduced ~52% from islets isolated from TAZ KD mice. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption under low-glucose conditions was also reduced ~58% in islets from TAZ KD animals. TAZ deficiency in pancreatic islets was associated with significant alteration in CL molecular species and elevated polyunsaturated fatty acid CL content. In addition, RNA-sequencing of isolated islets showed that TAZ KD increased expression of extracellular matrix genes, which are linked to pancreatic fibrosis, activated stellate cells, and impaired β-cell function. These data indicate a novel role for TAZ in regulating pancreatic islet function, particularly under low-glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Cole
- Department of Pharmacology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Department of Therapeutics, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Prasoon Agarwal
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, 16939 Solna, Sweden
| | - Christine A Doucette
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Mario Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Department of Therapeutics, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Department of Therapeutics, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nivedita Seshadri
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Marilyne Vandel
- Department of Pharmacology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Department of Therapeutics, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Department of Therapeutics, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Department of Therapeutics, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
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Roy A, Kamalanathan S, Sahoo J, Kar SS, Naik D, Narayanan N, Merugu C, Patel D. Comparison of islet cell function, insulin sensitivity, and incretin axis between Asian-Indians with either impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, and normal healthy controls. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 176:108846. [PMID: 33951481 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to compare the islet cell function, insulin sensitivity, and incretin axis between Asian-Indian subjects with either impaired fasting glucose (IFG), or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Prediabetes subjects underwent a mixed meal tolerance test(MMTT) after overnight fasting. Samples for glucose, insulin, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min. Insulin secretion sensitivity index -2 (ISSI-2) for beta-cell function and Matsuda index for insulin sensitivity were assessed. Alpha cell function was assessed by measuring the area under the curve (AUC) 0-120 glucagon/AUC0-120 glucose. RESULTS A total of sixty subjects were recruited with 20 in each group. The beta-cell function represented by ISSI-2 was impaired in prediabetes subjects as compared to NGT group (IFG: 2.09 ± 0.44 vs. NGT: 3.04 ± 0.80, P < 0.0001, and IGT: 2.33 ± 0.59 vs. NGT: 3.04 ± 0.80, P = 0.002). Similarly, AUC0-120 glucagon/AUC0-120 glucose was also lower in prediabetes group as compared to healthy controls (IFG: 0.41(0.54) vs. NGT: 1.07(0.39), P = 0.003 and IGT: 0.57(0.38) vs. NGT: 1.07(0.39), P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Asian-Indian prediabetes subjects have reduced beta-cell function with lesser glucagon secretion during MMTT as compared to normal healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Roy
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Jayaprakash Sahoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
| | - Sitanshu Sekhar Kar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Dukhabandhu Naik
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Niya Narayanan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Chandhana Merugu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Deepika Patel
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the greatest health crises of our time and its prevalence is projected to increase by >50% globally by 2045. Currently, 10 classes of drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of T2DM. Drugs in development for T2DM must show meaningful reductions in glycaemic parameters as well as cardiovascular safety. Results from an increasing number of cardiovascular outcome trials using modern T2DM therapeutics have shown a reduced risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Hence, guidelines have become increasingly evidence based and more patient centred, focusing on reaching individualized glycaemic goals while optimizing safety, non-glycaemic benefits and the prevention of complications. The bar has been raised for novel therapies under development for T2DM as they are now expected to achieve these aims and possibly even treat concurrent comorbidities. Indeed, the pharmaceutical pipeline for T2DM is fertile. Drugs that augment insulin sensitivity, stimulate insulin secretion or the incretin axis, or suppress hepatic glucose production are active in more than 7,000 global trials using new mechanisms of action. Our collective goal of being able to truly personalize medicine for T2DM has never been closer at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Perreault
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Jay S Skyler
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Julio Rosenstock
- Dallas Diabetes Research Center at Medical City, Dallas, TX, USA
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Han G, Takahashi H, Murao N, Gheni G, Yokoi N, Hamamoto Y, Asahara S, Seino Y, Kido Y, Seino S. Glutamate is an essential mediator in glutamine-amplified insulin secretion. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:920-930. [PMID: 33417747 PMCID: PMC8169365 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the circulation. In this study, we investigated cell signaling in the amplification of insulin secretion by glutamine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clonal pancreatic β-cells MIN6-K8, wild-type B6 mouse islets, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) knockout clonal β-cells (Glud1KOβCL), and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1) knockout clonal β-cells (Got1KOβCL) were studied. Insulin secretion from these cells and islets was examined under various conditions, and intracellular glutamine metabolism was assessed by metabolic flux analysis. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ) was also measured. RESULTS Glutamine dose-dependently amplified insulin secretion in the presence of high glucose in both MIN6-K8 cells and Glud1KOβCL. Inhibition of glutaminases, the enzymes that convert glutamine to glutamate, dramatically reduced the glutamine-amplifying effect on insulin secretion. A substantial amount of glutamate was produced from glutamine through direct conversion by glutaminases. Glutamine also increased [Ca2+ ]i at high glucose, which was abolished by inhibition of glutaminases. Glutamic acid dimethylester (dm-Glu), a membrane permeable glutamate precursor that is converted to glutamate in cells, increased [Ca2+ ]i as well as induced insulin secretion at high glucose. These effects of glutamine and dm-Glu were dependent on calcium influx. Glutamine also induced insulin secretion in clonal β-cells MIN6-m14, which otherwise exhibit no insulin secretory response to glucose. CONCLUSIONS Glutamate converted from glutamine is an essential mediator that enhances calcium signaling in the glutamine-amplifying effect on insulin secretion. Our data also suggest that glutamine exerts a permissive effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Han
- Division of Metabolism and DiseaseDepartment of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobeJapan
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Cell BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
| | - Harumi Takahashi
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Cell BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Naoya Murao
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Cell BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Ghupurjan Gheni
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Cell BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Norihide Yokoi
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Cell BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and GeneticsGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | | | - Shun‐ichiro Asahara
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
| | - Yoshiaki Kido
- Division of Metabolism and DiseaseDepartment of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobeJapan
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Cell BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
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Bonhoure A, Potter KJ, Colomba J, Boudreau V, Bergeron C, Desjardins K, Carricart M, Tremblay F, Lavoie A, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Peak glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test is associated with future diabetes risk in adults with cystic fibrosis. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1332-1341. [PMID: 33693987 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) affects up to 50% of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) and its presence is associated with adverse effects on nutritional status and pulmonary function. Early diagnosis could minimise CFRD morbidity, yet current methods of an OGTT at 0 and 2 h yield unreliable results. Our aim was to determine which indices from a 2 h OGTT with sampling every 30 min might improve prediction of CFRD. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis at baseline (n = 293) and observational prospective analysis (n = 185; mean follow-up of 7.5 ± 4.2 years) of the Montreal Cystic Fibrosis Cohort were performed. Blood glucose and insulinaemia OGTT variables were studied in relation to lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1]), BMI and risk of developing CFRD. RESULTS At baseline, maximum OGTT glucose (Gmax) was negatively associated with FEV1 (p = 0.003). Other OGTT values, including classical 2 h glucose, were not. A higher Gmax was associated with lower insulin secretory capacity, delayed insulin peak timing and greater pancreatic insufficiency (p < 0.01). Gmax was positively associated with the risk of developing CFRD (p = 0.0029); no individual with a Gmax < 8 mmol/l developed CFRD over the following decade. No OGTT variable correlated to the rate of change in BMI or FEV1. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In adults with CF, Gmax is strongly associated with the risk of developing CFRD; Gmax < 8 mmol/l could identify those at very low risk of future CFRD. Gmax is higher in individuals with pancreatic insufficiency and is associated with poorer insulin secretory capacity and pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bonhoure
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Johann Colomba
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Boudreau
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cindy Bergeron
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Maïté Carricart
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, University of Montreal Hospital Center (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - François Tremblay
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, University of Montreal Hospital Center (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Annick Lavoie
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, University of Montreal Hospital Center (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, University of Montreal Hospital Center (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Stensen S, Gasbjerg LS, Krogh LL, Skov-Jeppesen K, Sparre-Ulrich AH, Jensen MH, Dela F, Hartmann B, Vilsbøll T, Holst JJ, Rosenkilde MM, Christensen MB, Knop FK. Effects of endogenous GIP in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 185:33-45. [PMID: 33886495 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The insulinotropic effect of exogenous, intravenously infused glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the effects of endogenous GIP in relation to glucose and bone metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes using a selective GIP receptor antagonist and hypothesized that the effects of endogenous GIP were preserved. DESIGN A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study. METHODS Ten patients with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes (mean±s.d.; HbA1c 52 ± 11 mmol/mol; BMI 32.5 ± 4.8 kg/m2) were included. We infused a selective GIP receptor antagonist, GIP(3-30)NH2 (1200 pmol/kg/min), or placebo (saline) during two separate, 230-min, standardized, liquid mixed meal tests followed by a meal ad libitum. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with placebo, GIP(3-30)NH2 reduced postprandial insulin secretion (Δbaseline-subtracted area under the curve (bsAUC)C-peptide% ± s.e.m.; -14 ± 6%, P = 0.021) and peak glucagon (Δ% ± s.e.m.; -11 ± 6%, P = 0.046) but had no effect on plasma glucose (P = 0.692). Suppression of bone resorption (assessed by circulating carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX)) was impaired during GIP(3-30)NH2 infusion compared with placebo (ΔbsAUCCTX; ±s.e.m.; -4.9 ± 2 ng/mL × min, P = 0.005) corresponding to a ~50% reduction. Compared with placebo, GIP(3-30)NH2 did not affect plasma lipids, meal consumption ad libitum or adipose tissue triglyceride content. CONCLUSIONS Using a selective GIP receptor antagonist during a meal, we show that endogenous GIP increases postprandial insulin secretion with little effect on postprandial glycaemia but is important for postprandial bone homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Stensen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Lærke S Gasbjerg
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liva L Krogh
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Kirsa Skov-Jeppesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander H Sparre-Ulrich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Antag Therapeutics Aps, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette H Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Antag Therapeutics Aps, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Christensen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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Dannecker C, Wagner R, Peter A, Hummel J, Vosseler A, Häring HU, Fritsche A, Birkenfeld AL, Stefan N, Heni M. Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is Associated With Insulin Secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1576-1584. [PMID: 33693827 PMCID: PMC8118579 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pharmacological lowering of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol potently reduces cardiovascular risk while concurrently increasing type 2 diabetes risk. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between LDL cholesterol concentrations and insulin secretion and glucagon levels. METHODS A total of 3039 individuals without cholesterol-lowering therapy, but with increased risk for diabetes, underwent routine blood tests and a 5-point oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Glucagon concentrations, insulin secretion, and insulin clearance indices were derived from the OGTT. RESULTS There was no association between LDL cholesterol and fasting glucagon (P = .7, β = -.01) or post-glucose load glucagon levels (P = .7, β = -.07), but we detected significant positive associations of LDL cholesterol and C-peptide-based indices of insulin secretion (area under the curve [AUC]C-Peptide(0-30min)/AUCGlucose(0-30min): P < .001, β = .06; AUCC-Peptide(0-120min) /AUCGlucose(0-120min): P < .001, β = -.08). In contrast, we found a negative association of insulin-based insulin secretion indices with LDL concentrations (insulinogenic index: P = .01, β = -.04; disposition index: P < .001, β = -.06). LDL cholesterol levels, however, were positively associated with insulin clearance assessed from C-peptide and insulin concentrations, both in the fasting state and post-glucose load (P < .001, β = .09 and P < .001, β = .06, respectively). CONCLUSION As C-peptide based indices reflect insulin secretion independent of hepatic clearance, our results indicate lower insulin secretion in case of lesser LDL cholesterol. This could explain deteriorating glycemic control in response to cholesterol-lowering drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Dannecker
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Hummel
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Vosseler
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Laurenti MC, Dalla Man C, Varghese RT, Andrews JC, Jones JG, Barosa C, Rizza RA, Matveyenko A, De Nicolao G, Bailey KR, Cobelli C, Vella A. Insulin Pulse Characteristics and Insulin Action in Non-diabetic Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1702-1709. [PMID: 33606017 PMCID: PMC8344841 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulsatile insulin secretion is impaired in diseases such as type 2 diabetes that are characterized by insulin resistance. This has led to the suggestion that changes in insulin pulsatility directly impair insulin signaling. We sought to examine the effects of pulse characteristics on insulin action in humans, hypothesizing that a decrease in pulse amplitude or frequency is associated with impaired hepatic insulin action. METHODS We studied 29 nondiabetic subjects on two occasions. On 1 occasion, hepatic and peripheral insulin action was measured using a euglycemic clamp. The deuterated water method was used to estimate the contribution of gluconeogenesis to endogenous glucose production. On a separate study day, we utilized nonparametric stochastic deconvolution of frequently sampled peripheral C-peptide concentrations during fasting to reconstruct portal insulin secretion. In addition to measuring basal and pulsatile insulin secretion, we used approximate entropy to measure orderliness and Fourier transform to measure the average, and the dispersion of, insulin pulse frequencies. RESULTS In univariate analysis, basal insulin secretion (R2 = 0.16) and insulin pulse amplitude (R2 = 0.09) correlated weakly with insulin-induced suppression of gluconeogenesis. However, after adjustment for age, sex, and weight, these associations were no longer significant. The other pulse characteristics also did not correlate with the ability of insulin to suppress endogenous glucose production (and gluconeogenesis) or to stimulate glucose disappearance. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data demonstrate that insulin pulse characteristics, considered independently of other factors, do not correlate with measures of hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello C Laurenti
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ron T Varghese
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James C Andrews
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John G Jones
- Center for Neurosciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Barosa
- Center for Neurosciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Robert A Rizza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aleksey Matveyenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Giuseppe De Nicolao
- Department of Computer Engineering and Systems Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Kent R Bailey
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Correspondence: Adrian Vella MD, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First ST SW, 5–194 Joseph, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Chen X, Maldonado E, DeFronzo RA, Tripathy D. Impaired Suppression of Glucagon in Obese Subjects Parallels Decline in Insulin Sensitivity and Beta-Cell Function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1398-1409. [PMID: 33524152 PMCID: PMC8063259 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the relationship between plasma glucagon levels and insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in obese subjects. METHODS Suppression of plasma glucagon was examined in 275 obese Hispanic Americans with varying glucose tolerance. All subjects received a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a subset (n = 90) had euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. During OGTT, we quantitated suppression of plasma glucagon concentration, Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion/insulin resistance (disposition) index. Plasma glucagon suppression was compared between quartiles of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. RESULTS Fasting plasma glucagon levels were similar in obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the fasting glucagon/insulin ratio decreased progressively from NGT to prediabetes to T2D (9.28 ± 0.66 vs 6.84 ± 0.44 vs 5.84 ± 0.43; P < 0.001). Fasting and 2-hour plasma glucagon levels during OGTT progressively increased and correlated positively with severity of insulin resistance (both Matsuda index and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp). The fasting glucagon/insulin ratio declined with worsening insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, and correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index, r = 0.81; P < 0.001) and beta-cell function (r = 0.35; P < 0.001). The glucagon/insulin ratio also correlated and with beta-cell function during OGTT at 60 and 120 minutes (r = -0.47; P < 0.001 and r = -0.32; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Insulin-mediated suppression of glucagon secretion in obese subjects is impaired with increasing severity of glucose intolerance and parallels the severity of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Enrique Maldonado
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Audie L Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Devjit Tripathy
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Audie L Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Devjit Tripathy, MD, PhD, Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Niwano F, Babaya N, Hiromine Y, Matsumoto I, Kamei K, Noso S, Taketomo Y, Takeyama Y, Kawabata Y, Ikegami H. Glucose Metabolism After Pancreatectomy: Opposite Extremes Between Pancreaticoduodenectomy and Distal Pancreatectomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2203-e2214. [PMID: 33484558 PMCID: PMC8063252 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The rate of glucose metabolism changes drastically after partial pancreatectomy. OBJECTIVE This work aims to analyze changes in patients' glucose metabolism and endocrine and exocrine function before and after partial pancreatectomy relative to different resection types (Kindai Prospective Study on Metabolism and Endocrinology after Pancreatectomy: KIP-MEP study). METHODS A series of 278 consecutive patients with scheduled pancreatectomy were enrolled into our prospective study. Of them, 109 individuals without diabetes, who underwent partial pancreatectomy, were investigated. Data were compared between patients with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD, n = 73) and those with distal pancreatectomy (DP, n = 36). RESULTS Blood glucose levels during the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (75gOGTT) significantly decreased after pancreatectomy in the PD group (area under the curve [AUC] -9.3%, P < .01), and significantly increased in the DP population (AUC + 16.8%, P < .01). Insulin secretion rate during the 75gOGTT and glucagon stimulation test significantly decreased after pancreatectomy both in the PD and DP groups (P < .001). Both groups showed similar homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values after pancreatectomy. Decrease in exocrine function quality after pancreatectomy was more marked in association with PD than DP (P < .01). Multiple regression analysis indicated that resection type and preoperative HOMA-IR independently influenced glucose tolerance-related postoperative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Blood glucose levels after the OGTT differed markedly between PD and DP populations. The observed differences between PD and DP suggest the importance of individualization in the management of metabolism and nutrition after partial pancreatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumimaru Niwano
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naru Babaya
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hiromine
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ippei Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Noso
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Taketomo
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takeyama
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kawabata
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikegami
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: Hiroshi Ikegami, MD, PhD, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
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Siqueira BS, Ceglarek VM, Gomes ECZ, Vettorazzi JF, Rentz T, Nenevê JZ, Volinski KZ, Moraes SS, Malta A, de Freitas Mathias PC, de Oliveira Emilio HR, Balbo SL, Grassiolli S. Vagotomy and Splenectomy Reduce Insulin Secretion and Interleukin-1β. Pancreas 2021; 50:607-616. [PMID: 33939676 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vagotomy, when associated with splenectomy, on adiposity and glucose homeostasis in Wistar rats. METHODS Rats were divided into 4 groups: vagotomized (VAG), splenectomized (SPL), VAG + SPL, and SHAM. Glucose tolerance tests were performed, and physical and biochemical parameters evaluated. Glucose-induced insulin secretion and protein expression (Glut2/glucokinase) were measured in isolated pancreatic islets. Pancreases were submitted to histological and immunohistochemical analyses, and vagus nerve neural activity was recorded. RESULTS The vagotomized group presented with reduced body weight, growth, and adiposity; high food intake; reduced plasma glucose and triglyceride levels; and insulin resistance. The association of SPL with the VAG surgery attenuated, or abolished, the effects of VAG and reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion and interleukin-1β area in β cells, in addition to lowering vagal activity. CONCLUSIONS The absence of the spleen attenuated or blocked the effects of VAG on adiposity, triglycerides and glucose homeostasis, suggesting a synergistic effect of both on metabolism. The vagus nerve and spleen modulate the presence of interleukin-1β in β cells, possibly because of the reduction of glucose-induced insulin secretion, indicating a bidirectional flow between autonomous neural firing and the spleen, with repercussions for the endocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Schumaker Siqueira
- From the Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE)
| | - Vanessa Marieli Ceglarek
- From the Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE)
| | | | | | - Thiago Rentz
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - Juliane Zanon Nenevê
- From the Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE)
| | - Karoline Zanella Volinski
- From the Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE)
| | - Sandra Schmidt Moraes
- From the Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE)
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá
| | | | - Sandra Lucinei Balbo
- From the Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE)
| | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- From the Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE)
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Jaffredo M, Bertin E, Pirog A, Puginier E, Gaitan J, Oucherif S, Lebreton F, Bosco D, Catargi B, Cattaert D, Renaud S, Lang J, Raoux M. Dynamic Uni- and Multicellular Patterns Encode Biphasic Activity in Pancreatic Islets. Diabetes 2021; 70:878-888. [PMID: 33468514 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Biphasic secretion is an autonomous feature of many endocrine micro-organs to fulfill physiological demands. The biphasic activity of islet β-cells maintains glucose homeostasis and is altered in type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, underlying cellular or multicellular functional organizations are only partially understood. High-resolution noninvasive multielectrode array recordings permit simultaneous analysis of recruitment, of single-cell, and of coupling activity within entire islets in long-time experiments. Using this unbiased approach, we addressed the organizational modes of both first and second phase in mouse and human islets under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Our data provide a new uni- and multicellular model of islet β-cell activation: during the first phase, small but highly active β-cell clusters are dominant, whereas during the second phase, electrical coupling generates large functional clusters via multicellular slow potentials to favor an economic sustained activity. Postprandial levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 favor coupling only in the second phase, whereas aging and glucotoxicity alter coupled activity in both phases. In summary, biphasic activity is encoded upstream of vesicle pools at the micro-organ level by multicellular electrical signals and their dynamic synchronization between β-cells. The profound alteration of the electrical organization of islets in pathophysiological conditions may contribute to functional deficits in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Jaffredo
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Eléonore Bertin
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Antoine Pirog
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, UMR 5218, Talence, France
| | - Emilie Puginier
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Julien Gaitan
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Sandra Oucherif
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Fanny Lebreton
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Catargi
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
- University of Bordeaux, Hôpital Saint-André, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Cattaert
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvie Renaud
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, UMR 5218, Talence, France
| | - Jochen Lang
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Matthieu Raoux
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
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Georgescu T, Lyons D, Heisler LK. Role of serotonin in body weight, insulin secretion and glycaemic control. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12960. [PMID: 33909316 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are key healthcare challenges of the 21st century. Subsequent to its discovery in 1948, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) has emerged as a principal modulator of energy homeostasis and body weight, prompting it to be a target of weight loss medications (eg, fenfluramine, D-fenfluramine, fenfluramine-phentermine and sibutramine). The potential risk of off-target effects led to these medications being withdrawn from clinical use and spurred drug discovery into 5-HT receptor selective ligands. The serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2C R) is the primary receptor through which 5-HT impacts feeding and body weight and 5-HT2C R agonist lorcaserin was released for obesity treatment in 2012. Obese patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed medications that produce weight loss commonly observe improvements in type 2 diabetes. However, recent research has provided compelling evidence that 5-HT2C R agonists produce effects on blood glucose and insulin sensitivity independent of weight loss. As such, neuroactive 5-HT2C R agonists are a potential new category of type 2 diabetes medications. 5-HT is also expressed within pancreatic β cells, is co-released with insulin and may have a role in modulating insulin secretion. This review highlights the latest advances in the function of 5-HT in body weight, insulin release and glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Georgescu
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Lyons
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells perform glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, a process at the center of type 2 diabetes etiology. Efforts to understand how β-cells behave in healthy and stressful conditions have revealed a wide degree of morphological, functional, and transcriptional heterogeneity. Sources of heterogeneity include β-cell topography, developmental origin, maturation state, and stress response. Advances in sequencing and imaging technologies have led to the identification of β-cell subtypes, which play distinct roles in the islet niche. This review examines β-cell heterogeneity from morphological, functional, and transcriptional perspectives, and considers the relevance of topography, maturation, development, and stress response. It also discusses how these factors have been used to identify β-cell subtypes, and how heterogeneity is impacted by diabetes. We examine open questions in the field and discuss recent technological innovations that could advance understanding of β-cell heterogeneity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Miranda
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Juan F Macias-Velasco
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Heather A Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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Piona C, Volpi S, Zusi C, Mozzillo E, Tosco A, Franzese A, Raia V, Boselli ML, Trombetta M, Cipolli M, Bonadonna RC, Maffeis C. Glucose Tolerance Stages in Cystic Fibrosis Are Identified by a Unique Pattern of Defects of Beta-Cell Function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1793-e1802. [PMID: 33331877 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the order of severity of the defects of 3 direct determinants of glucose regulation-beta-cell function, insulin clearance, and insulin sensitivity-in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), categorized according their glucose tolerance status, including early elevation of mid-level oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose values (>140 and <200 mg/dL), referred to as AGT140. METHODS A total of 232 CF patients aged 10 to 25 years underwent OGTT. Beta-cell function and insulin clearance were estimated by OGTT mathematical modeling and OGTT-derived biomarkers of insulin secretion and sensitivity were calculated. The association between glucometabolic variables and 5 glucose tolerance stages (normal glucose tolerance [NGT], AGT140, indeterminate glucose tolerance [INDET], impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], cystic fibrosis-related diabetes CFRD]) was assessed with a general linear model. RESULTS Beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity progressively worsened across glucose tolerance stages (P < 0.001), with AGT140 patients significantly differing from NGT (all P < 0.01). AGT140 and INDET showed a degree of beta-cell dysfunction similar to IGT and CFRD, respectively (all P < 0.01). Insulin clearance was not significantly associated with glucose tolerance stages (P = 0.162). Each stage of glucose tolerance was uniquely identified by a specific combination of defects of the direct determinants of glucose regulation. CONCLUSIONS In CF patients, each of the 5 glucose tolerance stages shows a unique pattern of defects of the direct determinants of glucose regulation, with AGT140 patients significantly differing from NGT and being similar to IGT. These findings suggest that AGT140 should be recognized as a distinct glucose tolerance stage and that reconsideration of the grade of glucometabolic deterioration across glucose tolerance stages in CF is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Piona
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sonia Volpi
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Regional Center for Cystic Fibrosis, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Zusi
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Enza Mozzillo
- Regional Pediatric Diabetes Center, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Tosco
- Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Franzese
- Regional Pediatric Diabetes Center, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Raia
- Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Linda Boselli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maddalena Trombetta
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Cipolli
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Regional Center for Cystic Fibrosis, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo C Bonadonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Taki K, Takagi H, Hirose T, Sun R, Yaginuma H, Mizoguchi A, Kobayashi T, Sugiyama M, Tsunekawa T, Onoue T, Hagiwara D, Ito Y, Iwama S, Suga H, Banno R, Sakano D, Kume S, Arima H. Dietary sodium chloride attenuates increased β-cell mass to cause glucose intolerance in mice under a high-fat diet. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248065. [PMID: 33730054 PMCID: PMC7968668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive sodium salt (NaCl) or fat intake is associated with a variety of increased health risks. However, whether excessive NaCl intake accompanied by a high-fat diet (HFD) affects glucose metabolism has not been elucidated. In this study, C57BL/6J male mice were fed a normal chow diet (NCD), a NCD plus high-NaCl diet (NCD plus NaCl), a HFD, or a HFD plus high-NaCl diet (HFD plus NaCl) for 30 weeks. No significant differences in body weight gain, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance were observed between NCD-fed and NCD plus NaCl-fed mice. In contrast, body and liver weights were decreased, but the weight of epididymal white adipose tissue was increased in HFD plus NaCl-fed compared to HFD-fed mice. HFD plus NaCl-fed mice had lower plasma glucose levels in an insulin tolerance test, and showed higher plasma glucose and lower plasma insulin levels in an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test compared to HFD-fed mice. The β-cell area and number of islets were decreased in HFD plus NaCl-fed compared to HFD-fed mice. Increased Ki67-positive β-cells, and increased expression levels of Ki67, CyclinB1, and CyclinD1 mRNA in islets were observed in HFD-fed but not HFD plus NaCl-fed mice when compared to NCD-fed mice. Our data suggest that excessive NaCl intake accompanied by a HFD exacerbates glucose intolerance, with impairment in insulin secretion caused by the attenuation of expansion of β-cell mass in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Taki
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomonori Hirose
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Runan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yaginuma
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mariko Sugiyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku Tsunekawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Onoue
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shintaro Iwama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Suga
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Banno
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakano
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoen Kume
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Cottet-Dumoulin D, Lavallard V, Lebreton F, Wassmer CH, Bellofatto K, Parnaud G, Berishvili E, Berney T, Bosco D. Biosynthetic Activity Differs Between Islet Cell Types and in Beta Cells Is Modulated by Glucose and Not by Secretion. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6047597. [PMID: 33367617 PMCID: PMC7940959 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A correct biosynthetic activity is thought to be essential for the long-term function and survival of islet cells in culture and possibly also after islet transplantation. Compared to the secretory activity, biosynthetic activity has been poorly studied in pancreatic islet cells. Here we aimed to assess biosynthetic activity at the single cell level to investigate if protein synthesis is dependent on secretagogues and increased as a consequence of hormonal secretion. Biosynthetic activity in rat islet cells was studied at the single cell level using O-propargyl-puromycin (OPP) that incorporates into newly translated proteins and chemically ligates to a fluorescent dye by "click" reaction. Heterogeneous biosynthetic activity was observed between the four islet cell types, with delta cells showing the higher relative protein biosynthesis. Beta cells protein biosynthesis was increased in response to glucose while 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, 2 drugs known to stimulate insulin secretion, had no similar effect on protein biosynthesis. However, after several hours of secretion, protein biosynthesis remained high even when cells were challenged to basal conditions. These results suggest that mechanisms regulating secretion and biosynthesis in islet cells are different, with glucose directly triggering beta cells protein biosynthesis, independently of insulin secretion. Furthermore, this OPP labeling approach is a promising method to identify newly synthesized proteins under various physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cottet-Dumoulin
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Domenico Bosco, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Lebreton
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles H Wassmer
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Parnaud
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ma Y, Luo Y, Gong S, Zhou X, Li Y, Liu W, Zhang S, Cai X, Ren Q, Zhou L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Huang X, Gao X, Hu M, Han X, Ji L. Low-Frequency Genetic Variant in the Hepatic Glucokinase Gene Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance in Chinese Population. Diabetes 2021; 70:809-816. [PMID: 33298402 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucokinase (GCK) regulates insulin secretion and hepatic glucose metabolism, and its inactivating variants could cause diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the association of a low-frequency variant of GCK (rs13306393) with type 2 diabetes (T2D), prediabetes, or both (impaired glucose regulation [IGR]) in a Chinese population. An association study was first conducted in a random cluster sampling population (sample 1: 537 T2D, 768 prediabetes, and 1,912 control), and then another independent population (sample 2: 3,896 T2D, 2,301 prediabetes, and 868 control) was used to confirm the findings in sample 1. The A allele of rs13306393 was associated with T2D (odds ratio 3.08 [95% CI 1.77-5.36], P = 0.00007) in sample 1; rs13306393 was also associated with prediabetes (1.67 [1.05-2.65], P = 0.03) in sample 2. In a pooled analysis of the two samples, the A allele increased the risk of T2D (1.57 [1.15-2.15], P = 0.005), prediabetes (1.83 [1.33-2.54], P = 0.0003) or IGR (1.68 [1.26-2.25], P = 0.0004), insulin resistance estimated by HOMA (β = 0.043, P = 0.001), HbA1c (β = 0.029, P = 0.029), and urinary albumin excretion (β = 0.033, P = 0.025), irrespective of age, sex, and BMI. Thus, the Chinese-specific low-frequency variant increased the risk of T2D through reducing insulin sensitivity rather than islet β-cell function, which should be considered in the clinical use of GCK activators in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Ma
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Siqian Gong
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghai Zhou
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanai Wang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuting Huang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Gao
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdie Hu
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyao Han
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
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Wu CZ, Chu NF, Chang LC, Cheng CW, Lin YF, Pei D, Fang TC, Chen JS. The relationship of irisin with metabolic syndrome components and insulin secretion and resistance in schoolchildren. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24061. [PMID: 33592858 PMCID: PMC7870195 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin, a novel myokine, is believed to be the crucial factor in converting white adipose tissue to beige adipose tissue. For this paper, we studied the relationship among irisin and components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and insulin secretion and resistance in schoolchildren of Taiwan.Subjects receiving routine annual health examination at elementary school were enrolled. Demographic data, anthropometry, MetS components, irisin, and insulin secretion and resistance were collected. Subjects were divided into normal, overweight, and obese groups for evaluation of irisin in obesity. Finally, the relationship between irisin and MetS was analyzed.There were 376 children (179 boys and 197 girls), aged 10.3 ± 1.5 years, were enrolled. In boys, irisin levels were not associated with body mass index percentile, body fat, blood pressure, lipid profiles, insulin secretion or resistance. After adjusting for age, the irisin level in boys was negatively related to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r = -0.21, P = .006). In girls, after adjusting for age, the irisin levels were positively related only to FPG (r = 1.49, P = .038). In both genders, irisin levels were similar among normal, overweight, and obese groups, and between subjects with and without MetS.The irisin levels were not associated with MetS in either boys or girls. In girls, circulating irisin levels have a nonsignificant declining trend in overweight and obese girls. However, irisin levels were negatively related to FPG in boys and positively related to FPG in girls. The contrary relationship between irisin and FPG in boys and girls needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ze Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University
| | - Nain-Feng Chu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
- Director, Health Bureau, Chiayi County
| | | | - Chao-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University
- Deputy Superintendent, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University
| | - Dee Pei
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital
| | - Te-Chao Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Jin-Shuen Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung City
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Bozadjieva Kramer N, Lubaczeuski C, Blandino-Rosano M, Barker G, Gittes GK, Caicedo A, Bernal-Mizrachi E. Glucagon Resistance and Decreased Susceptibility to Diabetes in a Model of Chronic Hyperglucagonemia. Diabetes 2021; 70:477-491. [PMID: 33239450 PMCID: PMC7881862 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of glucagon levels and increase in α-cell mass are associated with states of hyperglycemia in diabetes. Our previous studies have highlighted the role of nutrient signaling via mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) regulation that controls glucagon secretion and α-cell mass. In the current studies we investigated the effects of activation of nutrient signaling by conditional deletion of the mTORC1 inhibitor, TSC2, in α-cells (αTSC2KO). We showed that activation of mTORC1 signaling is sufficient to induce chronic hyperglucagonemia as a result of α-cell proliferation, cell size, and mass expansion. Hyperglucagonemia in αTSC2KO was associated with an increase in glucagon content and enhanced glucagon secretion. This model allowed us to identify the effects of chronic hyperglucagonemia on glucose homeostasis by inducing insulin secretion and resistance to glucagon in the liver. Liver glucagon resistance in αTSC2KO mice was characterized by reduced expression of the glucagon receptor (GCGR), PEPCK, and genes involved in amino acid metabolism and urea production. Glucagon resistance in αTSC2KO mice was associated with improved glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced β-cell destruction and high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance. These studies demonstrate that chronic hyperglucagonemia can improve glucose homeostasis by inducing glucagon resistance in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda Bozadjieva Kramer
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Camila Lubaczeuski
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Manuel Blandino-Rosano
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Grant Barker
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - George K Gittes
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL
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Kant R, Verma V, Patel S, Chandra R, Chaudhary R, Shuldiner AR, Munir KM. Effect of serum zinc and copper levels on insulin secretion, insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell dysfunction in US adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 172:108627. [PMID: 33333205 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels in US adults with normoglycemia, prediabetes and diabetes, and study the association of serum Zn and Cu levels with pancreatic β cell insulin secretion, pancreatic dysfunction and insulin resistance in US adults with normoglycemia and prediabetes. METHOD Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA2) calculator was used to compute estimates of steady state β cell insulin secretion (HOMA2-B), peripheral insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-S), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and disposition index (HOMA-DI) in 804 adult individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2012). RESULTS There was no significant difference between serum Zn and Cu levels among subjects with normoglycemia, prediabetes, and diabetes. After adjusting for multiple possible confounders, higher serum Zn concentrations were associated with lower β cell insulin secretion (HOMA2-B; p = 0.01) and lower insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; p = 0.04) in the prediabetic subjects. In normoglycemic group, higher serum Zn levels were associated with improved pancreatic function (HOMA-DI; P = 0.02). On the other hand, higher serum Cu levels were associated with increased β cell insulin secretion (HOMA2-B, P = 0.03) only in the subjects with prediabetes. CONCLUSION These findings support the need for further studies to investigate the role of trace elements in diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, USA.
| | - Vipin Verma
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, USA.
| | - Siddharth Patel
- Department of Medicine, Decatur Morgan Hospital Decatur Campus, Decatur, AL, USA
| | - Rashmi Chandra
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, USA
| | | | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kashif M Munir
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
The bioactive peptides galanin, spexin and kisspeptin have a common ancestral origin and their pathophysiological roles are increasingly the subject of investigation. Evidence suggests that these bioactive peptides play a role in the regulation of metabolism, pancreatic β-cell function, energy homeostasis, mood and behaviour in several species, including zebrafish, rodents and humans. Galanin signalling suppresses insulin secretion in animal models (but not in humans), is potently obesogenic and plays putative roles governing certain evolutionary behaviours and mood modulation. Spexin decreases insulin secretion and has potent anorectic, analgesic, anxiolytic and antidepressive-like effects in animal models. Kisspeptin modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, food intake and/or energy expenditure in animal models and humans. Furthermore, kisspeptin is implicated in the control of reproductive behaviour in animals, modulation of human sexual and emotional brain processing, and has antidepressive and fear-suppressing effects. In addition, galanin-like peptide is a further member of the galaninergic family that plays emerging key roles in metabolism and behaviour. Therapeutic interventions targeting galanin, spexin and/or kisspeptin signalling pathways could therefore contribute to the treatment of conditions ranging from obesity to mood disorders. However, many gaps and controversies exist, which must be addressed before the therapeutic potential of these bioactive peptides can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard G Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
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49
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Snowhite I, Pastori R, Sosenko J, Messinger Cayetano S, Pugliese A. Baseline Assessment of Circulating MicroRNAs Near Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Predicts Future Stimulated Insulin Secretion. Diabetes 2021; 70:638-651. [PMID: 33277338 PMCID: PMC7881864 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease resulting in severely impaired insulin secretion. We investigated whether circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with residual insulin secretion at diagnosis and predict the severity of its future decline. We studied 53 newly diagnosed subjects enrolled in placebo groups of TrialNet clinical trials. We measured serum levels of 2,083 miRNAs, using RNA sequencing technology, in fasting samples from the baseline visit (<100 days from diagnosis), during which residual insulin secretion was measured with a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT). Area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide and peak C-peptide were stratified by quartiles of expression of 31 miRNAs. After adjustment for baseline C-peptide, age, BMI, and sex, baseline levels of miR-3187-3p, miR-4302, and the miRNA combination of miR-3187-3p/miR-103a-3p predicted differences in MMTT C-peptide AUC/peak levels at the 12-month visit; the combination miR-3187-3p/miR-4723-5p predicted proportions of subjects above/below the 200 pmol/L clinical trial eligibility threshold at the 12-month visit. Thus, miRNA assessment at baseline identifies associations with C-peptide and stratifies subjects for future severity of C-peptide loss after 1 year. We suggest that miRNAs may be useful in predicting future C-peptide decline for improved subject stratification in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Snowhite
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Ricardo Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Jay Sosenko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Shari Messinger Cayetano
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Alberto Pugliese
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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50
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Collier JJ, Batdorf HM, Martin TM, Rohli KE, Burk DH, Lu D, Cooley CR, Karlstad MD, Jackson JW, Sparer TE, Zhang J, Mynatt RL, Burke SJ. Pancreatic, but not myeloid-cell, expression of interleukin-1alpha is required for maintenance of insulin secretion and whole body glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2021; 44:101140. [PMID: 33285301 PMCID: PMC7772372 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The expression of the interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1R) is enriched in pancreatic islet β-cells, signifying that ligands activating this pathway are important for the health and function of the insulin-secreting cell. Using isolated mouse, rat, and human islets, we identified the cytokine IL-1α as a highly inducible gene in response to IL-1R activation. In addition, IL-1α is elevated in mouse and rat models of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Since less is known about the biology of IL-1α relative to IL-1β in pancreatic tissue, our objective was to investigate the contribution of IL-1α to pancreatic β-cell function and overall glucose homeostasis in vivo. METHODS We generated a novel mouse line with conditional IL-1α alleles and subsequently produced mice with either pancreatic- or myeloid lineage-specific deletion of IL-1α. RESULTS Using this in vivo approach, we discovered that pancreatic (IL-1αPdx1-/-), but not myeloid-cell, expression of IL-1α (IL-1αLysM-/-) was required for the maintenance of whole body glucose homeostasis in both male and female mice. Moreover, pancreatic deletion of IL-1α led to impaired glucose tolerance with no change in insulin sensitivity. This observation was consistent with our finding that glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was reduced in islets isolated from IL-1αPdx1-/- mice. Alternatively, IL-1αLysM-/- mice (male and female) did not have any detectable changes in glucose tolerance, respiratory quotient, physical activity, or food intake when compared with littermate controls. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we conclude that there is an important physiological role for pancreatic IL-1α to promote glucose homeostasis by supporting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and islet β-cell mass in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jason Collier
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Heidi M Batdorf
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Thomas M Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Kristen E Rohli
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - David H Burk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Danhong Lu
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27704, USA
| | - Chris R Cooley
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Michael D Karlstad
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Joseph W Jackson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Tim E Sparer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Randall L Mynatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Susan J Burke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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