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Li P, Zhu D. Clinical investigation of glucokinase activators for the restoration of glucose homeostasis in diabetes. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13544. [PMID: 38664885 PMCID: PMC11045918 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
As a sensor, glucokinase (GK) controls glucose homeostasis, which progressively declines in patients with diabetes. GK maintains the equilibrium of glucose levels and regulates the homeostatic system set points. Endocrine and hepatic cells can both respond to glucose cooperatively when GK is activated. GK has been under study as a therapeutic target for decades due to the possibility that cellular GK expression and function can be recovered, hence restoring glucose homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Five therapeutic compounds targeting GK are being investigated globally at the moment. They all have distinctive molecular structures and have been clinically shown to have strong antihyperglycemia effects. The mechanics, classification, and clinical development of GK activators are illustrated in this review. With the recent approval and marketing of the first GK activator (GKA), dorzagliatin, GKA's critical role in treating glucose homeostasis disorder and its long-term benefits in diabetes will eventually become clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of EndocrinologyDrum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of EndocrinologyDrum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
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2
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Gersing S, Schulze TK, Cagiada M, Stein A, Roth FP, Lindorff-Larsen K, Hartmann-Petersen R. Characterizing glucokinase variant mechanisms using a multiplexed abundance assay. Genome Biol 2024; 25:98. [PMID: 38627865 PMCID: PMC11021015 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acid substitutions can perturb protein activity in multiple ways. Understanding their mechanistic basis may pinpoint how residues contribute to protein function. Here, we characterize the mechanisms underlying variant effects in human glucokinase (GCK) variants, building on our previous comprehensive study on GCK variant activity. RESULTS Using a yeast growth-based assay, we score the abundance of 95% of GCK missense and nonsense variants. When combining the abundance scores with our previously determined activity scores, we find that 43% of hypoactive variants also decrease cellular protein abundance. The low-abundance variants are enriched in the large domain, while residues in the small domain are tolerant to mutations with respect to abundance. Instead, many variants in the small domain perturb GCK conformational dynamics which are essential for appropriate activity. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identify residues important for GCK metabolic stability and conformational dynamics. These residues could be targeted to modulate GCK activity, and thereby affect glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gersing
- The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thea K Schulze
- The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Cagiada
- The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amelie Stein
- The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederick P Roth
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, M5S 3E1, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, M5G 1X5, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 15213, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Hartmann-Petersen
- The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Carey SM, O’Neill DM, Conner GB, Sherman J, Rodriguez A, D’Antonio EL. Discovery of Strong 3-Nitro-2-Phenyl- 2H-Chromene Analogues as Antitrypanosomal Agents and Inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi Glucokinase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4319. [PMID: 38673904 PMCID: PMC11050443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is one of the world's neglected tropical diseases, caused by the human pathogenic protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. There is currently a lack of effective and tolerable clinically available therapeutics to treat this life-threatening illness and the discovery of modern alternative options is an urgent matter. T. cruzi glucokinase (TcGlcK) is a potential drug target because its product, d-glucose-6-phosphate, serves as a key metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis. In 2019, we identified a novel cluster of TcGlcK inhibitors that also exhibited anti-T. cruzi efficacy called the 3-nitro-2-phenyl-2H-chromene analogues. This was achieved by performing a target-based high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign of 13,040 compounds. The selection criteria were based on first determining which compounds strongly inhibited TcGlcK in a primary screen, followed by establishing on-target confirmed hits from a confirmatory assay. Compounds that exhibited notable in vitro trypanocidal activity over the T. cruzi infective form (trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes) co-cultured in NIH-3T3 mammalian host cells, as well as having revealed low NIH-3T3 cytotoxicity, were further considered. Compounds GLK2-003 and GLK2-004 were determined to inhibit TcGlcK quite well with IC50 values of 6.1 µM and 4.8 µM, respectively. Illuminated by these findings, we herein screened a small compound library consisting of thirteen commercially available 3-nitro-2-phenyl-2H-chromene analogues, two of which were GLK2-003 and GLK2-004 (compounds 1 and 9, respectively). Twelve of these compounds had a one-point change from the chemical structure of GLK2-003. The analogues were run through a similar primary screening and confirmatory assay protocol to our previous HTS campaign. Subsequently, three in vitro biological assays were performed where compounds were screened against (a) T. cruzi (Tulahuen strain) infective form co-cultured within NIH-3T3 cells, (b) T. brucei brucei (427 strain) bloodstream form, and (c) NIH-3T3 host cells alone. We report on the TcGlcK inhibitor constant determinations, mode of enzyme inhibition, in vitro antitrypanosomal IC50 determinations, and an assessment of structure-activity relationships. Our results reveal that the 3-nitro-2-phenyl-2H-chromene scaffold holds promise and can be further optimized for both Chagas disease and human African trypanosomiasis early-stage drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. Carey
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, 1 University Boulevard, Bluffton, SC 29909, USA
| | - Destiny M. O’Neill
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, 1 University Boulevard, Bluffton, SC 29909, USA
| | - Garrett B. Conner
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, 1 University Boulevard, Bluffton, SC 29909, USA
| | - Julian Sherman
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA (A.R.)
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA (A.R.)
| | - Edward L. D’Antonio
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, 1 University Boulevard, Bluffton, SC 29909, USA
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4
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Khamlich J, Douiyeh I, Saih A, Moussamih S, Regragui A, Kettani A, Safi A. Molecular docking, pharmacokinetic prediction and molecular dynamics simulations of tankyrase inhibitor compounds with the protein glucokinase, induced in the development of diabetes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2846-2858. [PMID: 37199320 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2214217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
GCK is a protein that plays a crucial role in the sensing and regulation of glucose homeostasis, which associates it with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and the development of several pathologies, including gestational diabetes. This makes GCK an important therapeutic target that has aroused the interest of researchers to discover GKA that are simultaneously effective in the long term and free of side effects. TNKS is a protein that interacts directly with GCK; recent studies have shown that it inhibits GCK action, which affects glucose detection and insulin secretion. This justifies our choice of TNKS inhibitors as ligands to test their effects on the GCK-TNKS complex. For this purpose, we investigated the interaction of the GCK-TNKS complex with 13 compounds (TNKS inhibitors and their analogues) using the molecular docking approach as a first step, after which the compounds that generated the best affinity scores were evaluated for drug similarity and pharmacokinetic properties. Subsequently, we selected the six compounds that generated high affinity and that were in accordance with the parameters of the drug rules as well as pharmacokinetic properties to ensure a molecular dynamics study. The results allowed us to favor the two compounds (XAV939 and IWR-1), knowing that even the tested compounds (TNKS 22, (2215914) and (46824343)) produced good results that can also be exploited. These results are therefore interesting and encouraging, and they can be exploited experimentally to discover a treatment for diabetes, including gestational diabetes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Khamlich
- Laboratory Biochemistry Environment and Agri-food, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technics Mohammedia, Hassan II University Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences, Ben M'Sik Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Imane Douiyeh
- Laboratory Biochemistry Environment and Agri-food, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technics Mohammedia, Hassan II University Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences, Ben M'Sik Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Asmae Saih
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences, Ben M'Sik Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Samya Moussamih
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Anas Regragui
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca (FMPC), Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Anass Kettani
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences, Ben M'Sik Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research & Innovation, Rabat, Morocco & Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Amal Safi
- Laboratory Biochemistry Environment and Agri-food, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technics Mohammedia, Hassan II University Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
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5
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Singh S, Ghosh P, Sharma S, Bhargava S, Kumar AR. Tetrahydropalmatine from medicinal plants activates human glucokinase to regulate glucose homeostasis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:295-313. [PMID: 38037220 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Many synthetic glucokinase activators (GKAs), modulating glucokinase (GK), an important therapeutic target in diabetes have failed to clear clinical trials. In this study, an in silico structural similarity search with differing scaffolds of reference GKAs have been used to identify derivatives from natural product databases. Ten molecules with good binding score and similar interactions to that in the co-crystallized GK as well good activation against recombinant human GK experimentally were identified. Tetrahydropalmatine, an alkaloid present in formulations and drugs from medicinal plants, has not been explored as an antidiabetic agent and no information regarding its mechanism of action or GK activation exists. Tetrahydropalmatine activates GK with EC50 value of 71.7 ± 17.9 μM while lowering the S0.5 (7.1 mM) and increasing Vmax (9.22 μM/min) as compared to control without activator (S0.5 = 10.37 mM; Vmax = 4.8 μM/min). Kinetic data (α and β values) suggests it to act as mixed, nonessential type activator. Using microscale thermophoresis, Kd values of 3.8 μM suggests a good affinity for GK. In HepG2 cell line, the compound potentiated the uptake of glucose and maintained glucose homeostasis by increasing the expression of GK, glycogen synthase, and insulin receptor genes and lowering the expression of glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) and glucagon. Tetrahydropalmatine at low concentrations could elicit a good response by reducing expression of GKRP, increasing expression of GK while also activating it. Thus, it could be used alone or in combination as therapeutic drug as it could effectively modulate GK and alter glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Singh
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Payel Ghosh
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Shilpy Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Shobha Bhargava
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Ameeta Ravi Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Prabha B, Lekshmy Krishnan S, Abraham B, Jayamurthy P, Radhakrishnan KV. An insight into the mechanistic role of (-)-Ampelopsin F from Vatica chinensis L. in inducing insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 103:117695. [PMID: 38522346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Resveratrol oligomers, ranging from dimers to octamers, are formed through regioselective synthesis involving the phenoxy radical coupling of resveratrol building blocks, exhibiting remarkable therapeutic potential, including antidiabetic properties. In this study, we elucidate the mechanistic insights into the insulin secretion potential of a resveratrol dimer, (-)-Ampelopsin F (AmF), isolated from the acetone extract of Vatica chinensis L. stem bark in Pancreatic Beta-TC-6 cell lines. The AmF (50 µM) treated cells exhibited a 3.5-fold increase in insulin secretion potential as compared to unstimulated cells, which was achieved through the enhancement of mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration, and upregulation of GLUT2 and glucokinase expression in pancreatic Beta-TC-6 cell lines. Furthermore, AmF effectively inhibited the activity of DPP4, showcasing a 2.5-fold decrease compared to the control and a significant 6.5-fold reduction compared to the positive control. These findings emphasize AmF as a potential lead for the management of diabetes mellitus and point to its possible application in the next therapeutic initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Prabha
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - S Lekshmy Krishnan
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Billu Abraham
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - P Jayamurthy
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - K V Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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7
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Carey SM, Kearns SP, Millington ME, Buechner GS, Alvarez BE, Daneshian L, Abiskaroon B, Chruszcz M, D'Antonio EL. At the outer part of the active site in Trypanosoma cruzi glucokinase: The role of phenylalanine 337. Biochimie 2024; 218:8-19. [PMID: 37741546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The hole mutagenesis approach was used to interrogate the importance of F337 in Trypanosoma cruzi glucokinase (TcGlcK) in order to understand the complete set of binding interactions that are made by d-glucosamine analogue inhibitors containing aromatic tail groups that can extend to the outer part of the active site. An interesting inhibitor of this analogue class includes 2-N-carboxybenzyl-2-deoxy-d-glucosamine (CBZ-GlcN), which exhibits strong TcGlcK binding with a Ki of 710 nM. The residue F337 is found at the outer part of the active site that stems from the second protein subunit of the homodimeric assembly. In this study, F337 was changed to leucine and alanine so as to diminish phenylalanine's side chain size and attenuate intermolecular interactions in this region of the binding cavity. Results from enzyme - inhibitor assays revealed that the phenyl group of F337 made dominant hydrophobic interactions with the phenyl group of CBZ-GlcN as opposed to π - π stacking interactions. Moreover, enzymatic activity assays and X-ray crystallographic experiments indicated that each of these site-directed mutants primarily retained their activity and had high structural similarity of their protein fold. A computed structure model of T. cruzi hexokinase (TcHxK), which was produced by the artificial intelligence system AlphaFold, was compared to an X-ray crystal structure of TcGlcK. Our structural analysis revealed that TcHxK lacked an F337 counterpart residue and probably exists in the monomeric form. We proposed that the d-glucosamine analogue inhibitors that are structurally similar to CBZ-GlcN may not bind as strongly in TcHxK as they do in TcGlcK because of absent van der Waals contact from residue side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Carey
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, Bluffton, SC 29909, USA
| | - Sean P Kearns
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, Bluffton, SC 29909, USA
| | - Matthew E Millington
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, Bluffton, SC 29909, USA
| | - Gregory S Buechner
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, Bluffton, SC 29909, USA
| | - Beda E Alvarez
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, Bluffton, SC 29909, USA
| | - Leily Daneshian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Brendan Abiskaroon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Edward L D'Antonio
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, Bluffton, SC 29909, USA.
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8
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Zhang X. Emerging roles of ADP-dependent glucokinase in prostate cancer. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:15. [PMID: 38409104 PMCID: PMC10898003 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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9
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Kamiński MM. ADP-dependent glucokinase: the ancient, archaeal key to prostate cancer. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:10. [PMID: 38342920 PMCID: PMC10860298 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin M Kamiński
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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10
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Xie Z, Liu J, Xie T, Liu P, Hui X, Zhang Q, Xiao X. Integration of proteomics and metabolomics reveals energy and metabolic alterations induced by glucokinase (GCK) partial inactivation in hepatocytes. Cell Signal 2024; 114:111009. [PMID: 38092300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Glucokinase (GCK) acts as the glucose sensor in maintaining glucose homeostasis. The inactivating mutation of the GCK gene leads to glucokinase-maturity onset diabetes of the young (GCK-MODY). This study aims to gain further insights into the molecular alterations triggered by GCK partial inactivation in hepatocytes, potentially underlying the favorable prognosis of GCK-MODY. MAIN METHODS A GCK knockdown HepG2 cell model was established, and the integration of proteomics and metabolomics was used to gain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathway changes caused by GCK inactivation in the liver. KEY FINDINGS Proteomic analysis identified 257 differential proteins. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that protein expression changes in the GCK knockdown group were significantly enriched in central carbon metabolism, the TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Among them, enzymes in the TCA cycle (PC, IDH2, SDH) were significantly downregulated in GCK-knockdown group. Targeted metabolomics revealed that in the GCK knockdown hepatocytes, TCA cycle intermediates were significantly decreased, including pyruvate, oxaloacetate, citrate and succinic acid, and three metabolites increased including glycine, betaine and homocysteine. These metabolic alterations in turn reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in GCK knockdown hepatocytes. Correlation analysis indicated that TCA cycle metabolites were positively correlated with proteins involved in the TCA cycle, carbon metabolism, glycolysis, Ras signaling, fibrosis and inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, GCK knockdown reduced TCA cycle flux and oxidative stress in hepatocytes by influencing the levels of key transcription factors and enzymes, providing a comprehensive understanding of the effects of GCK partial inactivation on liver metabolism and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Xie
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ting Xie
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiangyi Hui
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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11
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Singh C, Jin B, Shrestha N, Markhard AL, Panda A, Calvo SE, Deik A, Pan X, Zuckerman AL, Ben Saad A, Corey KE, Sjoquist J, Osganian S, AminiTabrizi R, Rhee EP, Shah H, Goldberger O, Mullen AC, Cracan V, Clish CB, Mootha VK, Goodman RP. ChREBP is activated by reductive stress and mediates GCKR-associated metabolic traits. Cell Metab 2024; 36:144-158.e7. [PMID: 38101397 PMCID: PMC10842884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Common genetic variants in glucokinase regulator (GCKR), which encodes GKRP, a regulator of hepatic glucokinase (GCK), influence multiple metabolic traits in genome-wide association studies (GWASs), making GCKR one of the most pleiotropic GWAS loci in the genome. It is unclear why. Prior work has demonstrated that GCKR influences the hepatic cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio, also referred to as reductive stress. Here, we demonstrate that reductive stress is sufficient to activate the transcription factor ChREBP and necessary for its activation by the GKRP-GCK interaction, glucose, and ethanol. We show that hepatic reductive stress induces GCKR GWAS traits such as increased hepatic fat, circulating FGF21, and circulating acylglycerol species, which are also influenced by ChREBP. We define the transcriptional signature of hepatic reductive stress and show its upregulation in fatty liver disease and downregulation after bariatric surgery in humans. These findings highlight how a GCKR-reductive stress-ChREBP axis influences multiple human metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charandeep Singh
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Byungchang Jin
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nirajan Shrestha
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrew L Markhard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Apekshya Panda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah E Calvo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xingxiu Pan
- The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Austin L Zuckerman
- The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Program in Mathematics and Science Education, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Program in Mathematics and Science Education, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120
| | - Amel Ben Saad
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julia Sjoquist
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephanie Osganian
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Roya AminiTabrizi
- Metabolomics Platform, Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eugene P Rhee
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Metabolomics Platform, Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olga Goldberger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alan C Mullen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Valentin Cracan
- The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Russell P Goodman
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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12
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Fatema N, Li X, Gan Q, Fan C. Characterizing lysine acetylation of glucokinase. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4845. [PMID: 37996965 PMCID: PMC10731539 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Glucokinase (GK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate as the substrate of glycolysis for energy production. Acetylation of lysine residues in Escherichia coli GK has been identified at multiple sites by a series of proteomic studies, but the impact of acetylation on GK functions remains largely unknown. In this study, we applied the genetic code expansion strategy to produce site-specifically acetylated GK variants which naturally exist in cells. Enzyme assays and kinetic analyses showed that lysine acetylation decreases the GK activity, mostly resulting from acetylation of K214 and K216 at the entrance of the active site, which impairs the binding of substrates. We also compared results obtained from the glutamine substitution method and the genetic acetyllysine incorporation approach, showing that glutamine substitution is not always effective for mimicking acetylated lysine. Further genetic studies as well as in vitro acetylation and deacetylation assays were performed to determine acetylation and deacetylation mechanisms, which showed that E. coli GK could be acetylated by acetyl-phosphate without enzymes and deacetylated by CobB deacetylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Fatema
- Cell and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Xinyu Li
- Cell and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Qinglei Gan
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Chenguang Fan
- Cell and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
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13
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Xia R, Liu HK, Liu XF, Deng X, Qin CJ, He YF, Lin SM, Chen YJ. Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit paralogs in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides: Regulation by dietary starch levels and a glucose load. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 287:111523. [PMID: 37802420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of glucose-G6P (glucose-6-phosphate) interconversion is thought to be one of the main reasons for the low glucose disposal of carnivorous fish, but is not yet well understood in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (LMB). In this study, the full length cDNA sequences of genes encoding glucokinase (Gck, catalyzing glucose phosphorylation) and glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6pc, catalyzing glucose dephosphorylation) were cloned by the RACE method from the liver of LMB. Subsequently, the distribution of g6pc and gck as well as their transcriptional regulation by dietary starch levels and a glucose load were investigated. Only one gck gene was identified, while the tandem duplication of g6pca.1 gene was named as g6pca.2 in LMB. The full cDNA sequences of g6pca.1, g6pca.2 and gck in LMB were 1585, 1813 and 2115 bp in length, encoding 478, 352 and 359 amino acids, respectively. Gck was predicted to contain two hexokinase domains, an ATP-binding domain and multiple functional sites, while G6pca.1 and G6pca.2 contained nine transmembrane helices, a PAP2 (type-2 phosphatidic acid phosphatase) domain and multiple functional amino acid sites. Both g6pca.1 and g6pca.2 were predominantly distributed in the liver and to some extent in the intraperitoneal fat, intestine and pyloric caeca, while gck was mainly transcribed in the liver and to some extent in the heart, intestine and brain. Both feeding a high starch diet and a glucose load stimulated the mRNA expression of gck in the liver of LMB. An increase of dietary starch from 9% to 14% down-regulated the transcription of g6pca.1 in the liver of LMB. However, both the mRNA levels of hepatic g6pca.1 and g6pca.2 were sharply up-regulated in LMB during 1-3 h after a glucose load. Overall, the results of this study suggested that the functions of G6pc (G6pca.1 and G6pca.2) and Gck in LMB were highly conserved in evolution. Though hepatic glucose-G6P interconversion was well regulated at the transcript level in LMB fed high starch diets, a futile cycle between glucose and G6P was induced in the liver after a glucose load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Xia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Kang Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi-Feng Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan-Jie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Yuan-Fa He
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Mei Lin
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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14
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Xu H, Li YF, Yi XYL, Zheng XN, Yang Y, Wang Y, Liao DZ, Zhang JP, Tan P, Xiong XY, Jin X, Gong LN, Qiu S, Cao DH, Li H, Wei Q, Yang L, Ai JZ. ADP-dependent glucokinase controls metabolic fitness in prostate cancer progression. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:64. [PMID: 38082365 PMCID: PMC10714548 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell metabolism plays a pivotal role in tumor progression, and targeting cancer metabolism might effectively kill cancer cells. We aimed to investigate the role of hexokinases in prostate cancer (PCa) and identify a crucial target for PCa treatment. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, online tools and clinical samples were used to assess the expression and prognostic role of ADP-dependent glucokinase (ADPGK) in PCa. The effect of ADPGK expression on PCa cell malignant phenotypes was validated in vitro and in vivo. Quantitative proteomics, metabolomics, and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) tests were performed to evaluate the impact of ADPGK on PCa metabolism. The underlying mechanisms were explored through ADPGK overexpression and knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), ECAR analysis and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. RESULTS ADPGK was the only glucokinase that was both upregulated and predicted worse overall survival (OS) in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). Clinical sample analysis demonstrated that ADPGK was markedly upregulated in PCa tissues vs. non-PCa tissues. High ADPGK expression indicates worse survival outcomes, and ADPGK serves as an independent factor of biochemical recurrence. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that ADPGK overexpression promoted PCa cell proliferation and migration, and ADPGK inhibition suppressed malignant phenotypes. Metabolomics, proteomics, and ECAR and OCR tests revealed that ADPGK significantly accelerated glycolysis in PCa. Mechanistically, ADPGK binds aldolase C (ALDOC) to promote glycolysis via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. ALDOC was positively correlated with ADPGK, and high ALDOC expression was associated with worse survival outcomes in PCa. CONCLUSIONS In summary, ADPGK is a driving factor in PCa progression, and its high expression contributes to a poor prognosis in PCa patients. ADPGK accelerates PCa glycolysis and progression by activating ALDOC-AMPK signaling, suggesting that ADPGK might be an effective target and marker for PCa treatment and prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xian-Yan-Ling Yi
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Zheng
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Animal Experimental Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Da-Zhou Liao
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jia-Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Tan
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xing-Yu Xiong
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li-Na Gong
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - De-Hong Cao
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Ai
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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15
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Cho J, Horikawa Y, Oiwa Y, Hosomichi K, Yabe D, Imai T. Glucokinase Variant Proteins Are Resistant to Fasting-Induced Uridine Diphosphate Glucose-Dependent Degradation in Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 2 Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15842. [PMID: 37958824 PMCID: PMC10649437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that glucokinase undergoes ubiquitination and subsequent degradation, a process mediated by cereblon, particularly in the presence of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose). In this context, we hereby present evidence showcasing the resilience of variant glucokinase proteins of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2) against degradation and, concomitantly, their influence on insulin secretion, both in cell lines and in the afflicted MODY2 patient. Hence, glucose-1-phodphate promotes UDP-glucose production by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2; consequently, UDP-glucose-dependent glucokinase degradation may occur during fasting. Next, we analyzed glucokinase variant proteins from MODY2 or persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in infancy (PHHI). Among the eleven MODY2 glucokinase-mutated proteins tested, those with a lower glucose-binding affinity exhibited resistance to UDP-glucose-dependent degradation. Conversely, the glucokinaseA456V-mutated protein from PHHI had a higher glucose affinity and was sensitive to UDP-glucose-dependent degradation. Furthermore, in vitro studies involving UDP-glucose-dependent glucokinase variant proteins and insulin secretion during fasting in Japanese MODY2 patients revealed a strong correlation and a higher coefficient of determination. This suggests that UDP-glucose-dependent glucokinase degradation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of glucose-homeostasis-related hereditary diseases, such as MODY2 and PHHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Cho
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (J.C.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yukio Horikawa
- Departments of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (Y.H.); (D.Y.)
| | - Yuki Oiwa
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (J.C.); (Y.O.)
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Departments of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (Y.H.); (D.Y.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imai
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (J.C.); (Y.O.)
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16
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Liu G, Li Y, Liao N, Shang X, Xu F, Yin D, Shao D, Jiang C, Shi J. Energy metabolic mechanisms for high altitude sickness: Downregulation of glycolysis and upregulation of the lactic acid/amino acid-pyruvate-TCA pathways and fatty acid oxidation. Sci Total Environ 2023; 894:164998. [PMID: 37353011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypobaric hypoxia is often associated with the plateau environment and can lead to altitude sickness or death. The underlying cause is a lack of oxygen, which limits energy metabolism and leads to a compensatory stress response. Although glycolysis is commonly accepted as the primary energy source during clinical hypoxia, our preliminary experiments suggest that hypobaric hypoxia may depress glycolysis. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of energy metabolism under short-term hypobaric hypoxia, we exposed mice to a simulated altitude of 5000 m for 6 or 12 h. After the exposure, we collected blood and liver tissues to quantify the substrates, enzymes, and metabolites involved in glycolysis, lactic acid metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and fatty acid β-oxidation. We also performed transcriptome and enzymatic activity analyses of the liver. Our results show that 6 h of hypoxic exposure significantly increased blood glucose, decreased lactic acid and triglyceride concentrations, and altered liver enzyme activities of mice exposed to hypoxia. The key enzymes in the glycolytic, TCA, and fatty acid β-oxidation pathways were primarily affected. Specifically, the activities of key glycolytic enzymes, such as glucokinase, decreased significantly, while the activities of enzymes in the TCA cycle, such as isocitrate dehydrogenase, increased significantly. Lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate carboxylase, and alanine aminotransferase were upregulated. These changes were partially restored when the exposure time was extended to 12 h, except for further downregulation of phosphofructokinase and glucokinase. This study demonstrates that acute high altitude hypoxia upregulated the lactic acid/amino acid-pyruvate-TCA pathways and fatty acid oxidation, but downregulated glycolysis in the liver of mice. The results obtained in this study provide a theoretical framework for understanding the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of high-altitude sickness in humans. Additionally, these findings have potential implications for the development of prevention and treatment strategies for altitude sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
| | - Yinghui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Ning Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
| | - Xinzhe Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Dachuan Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
| | - Dongyan Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
| | - Junling Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
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17
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Onikanni SA, Lawal B, Munyembaraga V, Bakare OS, Taher M, Khotib J, Susanti D, Oyinloye BE, Noriega L, Famuti A, Fadaka AO, Ajiboye BO. Profiling the Antidiabetic Potential of Compounds Identified from Fractionated Extracts of Entada africana toward Glucokinase Stimulation: Computational Insight. Molecules 2023; 28:5752. [PMID: 37570723 PMCID: PMC10420681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucokinase plays an important role in regulating the blood glucose level and serves as an essential therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes management. Entada africana is a medicinal plant and highly rich source of bioactive ligands with the potency to develop new target drugs for glucokinase such as diabetes and obesity. Therefore, the study explored a computational approach to predict identified compounds from Entada africana following its intermolecular interactions with the allosteric binding site of the enzymes. We retrieved the three-dimensional (3D) crystal structure of glucokinase (PDB ID: 4L3Q) from the online protein data bank and prepared it using the Maestro 13.5, Schrödinger Suite 2022-3. The compounds identified were subjected to ADME, docking analysis, pharmacophore modeling, and molecular simulation. The results show the binding potential of the identified ligands to the amino acid residues, thereby suggesting an interaction of the amino acids with the ligand at the binding site of the glucokinase activator through conventional chemical bonds such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The compatibility of the molecules was highly observed when compared with the standard ligand, thereby leading to structural and functional changes. Therefore, the bioactive components from Entada africana could be a good driver of glucokinase, thereby paving the way for the discovery of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of diabetes and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Amos Onikanni
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe-Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Ekiti State, Nigeria;
| | - Bashir Lawal
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Valens Munyembaraga
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- University Teaching Hospital of Butare, Huye 15232, Rwanda
| | - Oluwafemi Shittu Bakare
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko 342111, Ondo State, Nigeria;
| | - Muhammad Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia;
- Pharmaceutics and Translational Research Group, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Junaidi Khotib
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Deny Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe-Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Ekiti State, Nigeria;
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Ekiti State, Nigeria;
| | - Lloyd Noriega
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Ayodeji Famuti
- Honey T Scientific Company, Ibadan 234002, Oyo State, Nigeria;
| | | | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Ekiti State, Nigeria;
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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18
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Pusec CM, Ilievski V, De Jesus A, Farooq Z, Zapater JL, Sweis N, Ismail H, Khan MW, Ardehali H, Cordoba-Chacon J, Layden BT. Liver-specific overexpression of HKDC1 increases hepatocyte size and proliferative capacity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8034. [PMID: 37198225 PMCID: PMC10192376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A primary role of the liver is to regulate whole body glucose homeostasis. Glucokinase (GCK) is the main hexokinase (HK) expressed in hepatocytes and functions to phosphorylate the glucose that enters via GLUT transporters to become glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), which subsequently commits glucose to enter downstream anabolic and catabolic pathways. In the recent years, hexokinase domain-containing-1 (HKDC1), a novel 5th HK, has been characterized by our group and others. Its expression profile varies but has been identified to have low basal expression in normal liver but increases during states of stress including pregnancy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver cancer. Here, we have developed a stable overexpression model of hepatic HKDC1 in mice to examine its effect on metabolic regulation. We found that HKDC1 overexpression, over time, causes impaired glucose homeostasis in male mice and shifts glucose metabolism towards anabolic pathways with an increase in nucleotide synthesis. Furthermore, we observed these mice to have larger liver sizes due to greater hepatocyte proliferative potential and cell size, which in part, is mediated via yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Pusec
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vladimir Ilievski
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam De Jesus
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zeenat Farooq
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph L Zapater
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nadia Sweis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hagar Ismail
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Md Wasim Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hossein Ardehali
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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19
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Yoo HS, Cockrum MA, Napoli JL. Cyp26a1 supports postnatal retinoic acid homeostasis and glucoregulatory control. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104669. [PMID: 37011860 PMCID: PMC10176252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence confirms the importance of Cyp26a1 to all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) homeostasis during embryogenesis. In contrast, despite its presence in postnatal liver as a potential major RA catabolizing enzyme and its acute sensitivity to induction by RA, some data suggested that Cyp26a1 contributes only marginally to endogenous RA homeostasis postnatally. We report reevaluation of a conditional Cyp26a1 knockdown in the postnatal mouse. The current results show that Cyp26a1 mRNA in WT mouse liver increases 16-fold upon refeeding after a fast, accompanied by an increased rate of RA elimination and a 41% decrease in the RA concentration. In contrast, Cyp26a1 mRNA in the refed homozygotic knockdown reached only 2% of its extent in WT during refeeding, accompanied by a slower rate of RA catabolism and no decrease in liver RA, relative to fasting. Refed homozygous knockdown mice also had decreased Akt1 and 2 phosphorylation and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4) mRNA and increased glucokinase (Gck) mRNA, glycogen phosphorylase (Pygl) phosphorylation, and serum glucose, relative to WT. Fasted homozygous knockdown mice had increased glucagon/insulin relative to WT. These data indicate that Cyp26a1 participates prominently in moderating the postnatal liver concentration of endogenous RA and contributes essentially to glucoregulatory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sik Yoo
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, UC-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michael A Cockrum
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, UC-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Joseph L Napoli
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, UC-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
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20
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Gordon BH, Liu P, Whittington AC, Silvers R, Miller BG. Biochemical methods to map and quantify allosteric motions in human glucokinase. Methods Enzymol 2023; 685:433-459. [PMID: 37245911 PMCID: PMC10308428 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric regulation of protein function is ubiquitous in biology. Allostery originates from ligand-mediated alterations in polypeptide structure and/or dynamics, which produce a cooperative kinetic or thermodynamic response to changing ligand concentrations. Establishing a mechanistic description of individual allosteric events requires both mapping the relevant changes in protein structure and quantifying the rates of differential conformational dynamics in the absence and presence of effectors. In this chapter, we describe three biochemical approaches to understand the dynamic and structural signatures of protein allostery using the well-established cooperative enzyme glucokinase as a case study. The combined application of pulsed proteolysis, biomolecular nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry offers complementary information that can used to establish molecular models for allosteric proteins, especially when differential protein dynamics are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine H Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Peilu Liu
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - A Carl Whittington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Robert Silvers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Brian G Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
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21
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Xie Z, Xie T, Liu J, Zhang Q, Xiao X. Glucokinase Inactivation Ameliorates Lipid Accumulation and Exerts Favorable Effects on Lipid Metabolism in Hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054315. [PMID: 36901746 PMCID: PMC10002408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucokinase-maturity onset diabetes of the young (GCK-MODY) is a kind of rare diabetes with low incidence of vascular complications caused by GCK gene inactivation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GCK inactivation on hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation, providing evidence for the cardioprotective mechanism in GCK-MODY. We enrolled GCK-MODY, type 1 and 2 diabetes patients to analyze their lipid profiles, and found that GCK-MODY individuals exhibited cardioprotective lipid profile with lower triacylglycerol and elevated HDL-c. To further explore the effects of GCK inactivation on hepatic lipid metabolism, GCK knockdown HepG2 and AML-12 cell models were established, and in vitro studies showed that GCK knockdown alleviated lipid accumulation and decreased the expression of inflammation-related genes under fatty acid treatment. Lipidomic analysis indicated that the partial inhibition of GCK altered the levels of several lipid species with decreased saturated fatty acids and glycerolipids including triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol, and increased phosphatidylcholine in HepG2 cells. The hepatic lipid metabolism altered by GCK inactivation was regulated by the enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid β-oxidation and the Kennedy pathway. Finally, we concluded that partial inactivation of GCK exhibited beneficial effects in hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation, which potentially underlies the protective lipid profile and low cardiovascular risks in GCK-MODY patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-6915-5073
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22
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Remedi MS, Nichols CG. Glucokinase Inhibition: A Novel Treatment for Diabetes? Diabetes 2023; 72:170-174. [PMID: 36669001 PMCID: PMC9871191 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia increases pancreatic β-cell metabolic activity, contributing to glucotoxicity-induced β-cell failure and loss of functional β-cell mass, potentially in multiple forms of diabetes. In this perspective we discuss the novel paradoxical and counterintuitive concept of inhibiting glycolysis, particularly by targeted inhibition of glucokinase, the first enzyme in glycolysis, as an approach to maintaining glucose sensing and preserving functional β-cell mass, thereby improving insulin secretion, in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Remedi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Colin G. Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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23
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health problem characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia due to inadequate insulin secretion. Because glucose must be metabolised to stimulate insulin release it was initially argued that drugs that stimulate glucokinase (the first enzyme in glucose metabolism) would enhance insulin secretion in diabetes. However, in the long term, glucokinase activators have been largely disappointing. Recent studies show it is hyperactivation of glucose metabolism, not glucose itself, that underlies the progressive decline in beta-cell function in diabetes. This perspective discusses if glucokinase activators exacerbate this decline (by promoting glucose metabolism) and, counterintuitively, if glucokinase inhibitors might be a better therapeutic strategy for preserving beta-cell function in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Matthew Lloyd
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
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24
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Chow E, Wang K, Lim CK, Tsoi ST, Fan B, Poon E, Luk AO, Ma RC, Ferrannini E, Mari A, Chen L, Chan JC. Dorzagliatin, a Dual-Acting Glucokinase Activator, Increases Insulin Secretion and Glucose Sensitivity in Glucokinase Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young and Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2023; 72:299-308. [PMID: 36342518 PMCID: PMC9871194 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glucokinase (GK, gene symbol GCK) maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in GK and impaired glucose sensing. We investigated effects of dorzagliatin, a novel allosteric GK activator, on insulin secretion rates (ISRs) and β-cell glucose sensitivity (βCGS) in GCK-MODY and recent-onset type 2 diabetes. In a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 8 participants with GCK-MODY and 10 participants with type 2 diabetes underwent 2-h 12 mmol/L hyperglycemic clamps following a single oral dose of dorzagliatin 75 mg or matched placebo. Effects of dorzagliatin on wild-type and mutant GK enzyme activity were investigated using an NADP+-coupled assay with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in vitro. In GCK-MODY, dorzagliatin significantly increased absolute and incremental second-phase ISRs versus placebo but not the acute insulin response. Dorzagliatin improved βCGS in GCK-MODY with an upward and leftward shift in ISR-glucose response. Dorzagliatin increased basal ISRs in type 2 diabetes, with smaller changes in second-phase ISRs versus GCK-MODY. In vitro, dorzagliatin directly reduced the glucose half saturation concentration of wild-type GK and selected GK mutants to varying degrees. Dorzagliatin directly restored enzyme activity of select GK mutants and enhanced wild-type GK activity, thereby correcting the primary defect of glucose sensing in GCK-MODY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding authors: Juliana C.N. Chan, , and Elaine Chow,
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cadmon K.P. Lim
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sandra T.F. Tsoi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baoqi Fan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emily Poon
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrea O.Y. Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald C.W. Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Li Chen
- Hua Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juliana C.N. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding authors: Juliana C.N. Chan, , and Elaine Chow,
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25
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Dutta D, Khandelwal D, Kumar M, Sharma M. Efficacy and safety of novel dual glucokinase activator dorzagliatin in type-2 diabetes A meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102695. [PMID: 36566614 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Glucokinase has a critical role in regulating glucose homeostasis in humans, and has been a target for diabetes drug development since 1990s. Dorzagliatin is a novel allosteric dual glucokinase activator targeting both pancreatic and hepatic glucokinase. No meta-analysis has analysed the efficacy and safety of dorzagliatin in type-2 diabetes (T2DM). We undertook this meta-analysis to address this knowledge-gap. METHODS Electronic databases were searched for RCTs involving T2DM patients receiving dorzagliatin in intervention arm, and placebo/active comparator in control arm. Primary outcome was to evaluate changes in HbA1c. Secondary outcomes were to evaluate alterations in blood glucose parameters, lipids, insulin-resistance and adverse events. RESULTS From initially screened 17 articles, data from 3 RCTs (1333 patients) was analysed. Over 12-24 weeks use, dorzagliatin had significantly higher lowering of HbA1c [MD -0.66% (95%CI: -0.74 to -0.59); P < 0.01; I2 = 99%], fasting glucose [MD -32.03 mg/dl (95%CI: 45.12 to -18.94); P < 0.01; I2 = 100%], 2-h post-prandial glucose [MD -43.49 mg/dl (95%CI: -46.26 to -40.72); P < 0.01; I2 = 90%] along with greater number of patients achieving HbA1c<7% [OR 6.01 (95% CI: 2.50-14.46); P < 0.01; I2 = 83%], as compared to placebo. Dorzagliatin was associated with significant elevation of triglycerides [MD 0.43 mmol/L (95%CI:0.30-0.56); P < 0.01; I2 = 0%], greater occurrence of hyperlipidaemia [RR 1.52 (95% CI:1.05-2.18); P = 0.03; I2 = 0%], and increase in body-weight [MD 0.40 kg (95%CI:0.06-0.75); P = 0.03; I2 = 0%], compared to placebo. The occurrence of total-adverse-events [RR 1.43 (95%CI:1.11-1.83); P < 0.01; I2 = 0%] but not severe adverse-events [RR 0.92 (95%CI:0.54-1.57); P = 0.76; I2 = 0%] was significantly higher with dorzagliatin. CONCLUSION Dorzagliatin has good glycaemic efficacy and well tolerated over 6-months use. Mild increase in body-weight, serum triglycerides and overall adverse events remain issues of concern warranting further evaluation in longer clinical trials with active controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Center for Endocrinology Diabetes Arthritis & Rheumatism (CEDAR) Super-speciality Healthcare, Dwarka, New Delhi, India.
| | - Deepak Khandelwal
- Department of Endocrinology, Khandelwal Diabetes, Thyroid & Endocrinology Clinic, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, CEDAR Super-speciality Healthcare, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Meha Sharma
- Department of Rheumatology, CEDAR Super-speciality Healthcare, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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26
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Roy SC, Sapkota S, Pasula MB, Bheemanapally K, Briski KP. Diazepam Binding Inhibitor Control of Eu- and Hypoglycemic Patterns of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Glucose-Regulatory Signaling. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231214116. [PMID: 38031405 PMCID: PMC10687944 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231214116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological stimulation/antagonism of astrocyte glio-peptide octadecaneuropeptide signaling alters ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) counterregulatory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nitric oxide transmission. The current research used newly developed capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry methods to investigate hypoglycemia effects on VMN octadecaneuropeptide content, along with gene knockdown tools to determine if octadecaneuropeptide signaling regulates these transmitters during eu- and/or hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia caused dissimilar adjustments in the octadecaneuropeptide precursor, i.e., diazepam-binding-inhibitor and octadecaneuropeptide levels in dorsomedial versus ventrolateral VMN. Intra-VMN diazepam-binding-inhibitor siRNA administration decreased baseline 67 and 65 kDa glutamate decarboxylase mRNA levels in GABAergic neurons laser-microdissected from each location, but only affected hypoglycemic transcript expression in ventrolateral VMN. This knockdown therapy imposed dissimilar effects on eu- and hypoglycemic glucokinase and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha1 (AMPKα1) and -alpha2 (AMPKα2) gene profiles in dorsomedial versus ventrolateral GABAergic neurons. Diazepam-binding-inhibitor gene silencing up-regulated baseline (dorsomedial) or hypoglycemic (ventrolateral) nitrergic neuron neuronal nitric oxide synthase mRNA profiles. Baseline nitrergic cell glucokinase mRNA was up- (ventrolateral) or down- (dorsomedial) regulated by diazepam-binding-inhibitor siRNA, but knockdown enhanced hypoglycemic profiles in both sites. Nitrergic nerve cell AMPKα1 and -α2 transcripts exhibited division-specific responses to this genetic manipulation during eu- and hypoglycemia. Results document the utility of capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometric tools for quantification of ODN in small-volume brain tissue samples. Data show that hypoglycemia has dissimilar effects on ODN signaling in the two major neuroanatomical divisions of the VMN and that this glio-peptide imposes differential control of glucose-regulatory neurotransmission in the VMNdm versus VMNvl during eu- and hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagor C. Roy
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Subash Sapkota
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Madhu Babu Pasula
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Khaggeswar Bheemanapally
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Karen P. Briski
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
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27
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Chen KH, Doliba N, May CL, Roman J, Ustione A, Tembo T, Negron A, Radovick S, Piston DW, Glaser B, Kaestner KH, Matschinsky FM. Genetic activation of glucokinase in a minority of pancreatic beta cells causes hypoglycemia in mice. Life Sci 2022; 309:120952. [PMID: 36100080 PMCID: PMC10312065 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glucokinase (GK) is expressed in the glucose-sensing cells of the islets of Langerhans and plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that genetic activation of GK in a small subset of β-cells is sufficient to change the glucose set-point of the whole islet. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mouse models of cell-type specific GK deficiency (GKKO) and genetic enzyme activation (GKKI) in a subset of β-cells were obtained by crossing the αGSU (gonadotropin alpha subunit)-Cre transgene with the appropriate GK mutant alleles. Metabolic analyses consisted of glucose tolerance tests, perifusion of isolated islets and intracellular calcium measurements. KEY FINDINGS The αGSU-Cre transgene produced genetically mosaic islets, as Cre was active in 15 ± 1.2 % of β-cells. While mice deficient for GK in a subset of islet cells were normal, unexpectedly, GKKI mice were chronically hypoglycemic, glucose intolerant, and had a lower threshold for glucose stimulated insulin secretion. GKKI mice exhibited an average fasting blood glucose level of 3.5 mM. GKKI islets responded with intracellular calcium signals that spread through the whole islets at 1 mM and secreted insulin at 3 mM glucose. SIGNIFICANCE Genetic activation of GK in a minority of β-cells is sufficient to change the glucose threshold for insulin secretion in the entire islet and thereby glucose homeostasis in the whole animal. These data support the model in which β-cells with higher GK activity function as 'hub' or 'trigger' cells and thus control insulin secretion by the β-cell collective within the islet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Nicolai Doliba
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Catherine L May
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Jeffrey Roman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Alessandro Ustione
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Teguru Tembo
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Ariel Negron
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sally Radovick
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - David W Piston
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA.
| | - Franz M Matschinsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA.
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28
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Jiang T, Li Y, Li L, Liang T, Du M, Yang L, Yang J, Yang R, Zhao H, Chen M, Ding Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Xie X, Wu Q. Bifidobacterium longum 070103 Fermented Milk Improve Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194050. [PMID: 36235706 PMCID: PMC9573661 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fermented milk is beneficial for metabolic disorders, while the underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. This study explored the benefits and underlying mechanisms of Bifidobacterium longum 070103 fermented milk (BLFM) in thirteen-week high-fat and high-sugar (HFHS) fed mice using omics techniques. Methods and results: BLFM with activated glucokinase (GK) was screened by a double-enzyme coupling method. After supplementing BLFM with 10 mL/kg BW per day, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and leptin were significantly reduced compared with the HFHS group. Among them, the final body weight (BW), epididymal fat, perirenal fat, and brown fat in BLFM group had better change trends than Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG fermented milk (LGGFM) group. The amplicon and metabolomic data analysis identified Bifibacterium as a key gut microbiota at regulating glycolipid metabolism. BLFM reverses HFHS-induced reduction in bifidobacteria abundance. Further studies showed that BLFM significantly reduces the content of 3-indoxyl sulofphate associated with intestinal barrier damage. In addition, mice treated with BLFM improved BW, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. Conclusion: BLFM consumption attenuates obesity and related symptoms in HFHS-fed mice probably via the modulation of gut microbes and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jiang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Longyan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Mingzhu Du
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Lingshuang Yang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Runshi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (X.X.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xinqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (X.X.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (X.X.); (Q.W.)
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Bronczek GA, Soares GM, Marmentini C, Boschero AC, Costa-Júnior JM. Resistance Training Improves Beta Cell Glucose Sensing and Survival in Diabetic Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169427. [PMID: 36012692 PMCID: PMC9409046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training increases insulin secretion and beta cell function in healthy mice. Here, we explored the effects of resistance training on beta cell glucose sensing and survival by using in vitro and in vivo diabetic models. A pancreatic beta cell line (INS-1E), incubated with serum from trained mice, displayed increased insulin secretion, which could be linked with increased expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and glucokinase (GCK). When cells were exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines (in vitro type 1 diabetes), trained serum preserved both insulin secretion and GCK expression, reduced expression of proteins related to apoptotic pathways, and also protected cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis. Using 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice, turned diabetic by multiple low doses of streptozotocin, we observed that resistance training increased muscle mass and fat deposition, reduced fasting and fed glycemia, and improved glucose tolerance. These findings may be explained by the increased fasting and fed insulinemia, along with increased beta cell mass and beta cell number per islet, observed in diabetic-trained mice compared to diabetic sedentary mice. In conclusion, we believe that resistance training stimulates the release of humoral factors which can turn beta cells more resistant to harmful conditions and improve their response to a glucose stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Alves Bronczek
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Moreira Soares
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Carine Marmentini
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Boschero
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
| | - José Maria Costa-Júnior
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
- Center for Diabetes Research, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-455-11-02-04
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30
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Cho J, Miyagawa A, Yamaguchi K, Abe W, Tsugawa Y, Yamamura H, Imai T. UDP-Glucose: A Cereblon-Dependent Glucokinase Protein Degrader. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169094. [PMID: 36012359 PMCID: PMC9409010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that glucokinase is ubiquitinated and degraded by cereblon with an unknown endogenous glucokinase protein degrader. Here, we show that UDP-glucose is a glucokinase protein degrader. We identified that both glucose and UDP-glucose bind to glucokinase and that both uridine and UDP-glucose bind to cereblon in a similar way to thalidomide. From these results, UDP-glucose was identified as a molecular glue between cereblon and glucokinase. Glucokinase produces glucose-6-phosphate in the pancreas and liver. Especially in β-cells, glucokinase is the main target of glucose for glucose-induced insulin secretion. UDP-glucose administration ubiquitinated and degraded glucokinase, lowered glucose-6-phosphate production, and then reduced insulin secretion in β-cell lines and mice. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2) glucokinaseE256K mutant protein was resistant to UDP-glucose induced ubiquitination and degradation. Taken together, glucokinase ubiquitination and degradation signaling might be impaired in MODY2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Cho
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyagawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wakana Abe
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoji Tsugawa
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hatsuo Yamamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imai
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
- Correspondence:
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31
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Yan Z, Fortunato M, Shyr ZA, Clark AL, Fuess M, Nichols CG, Remedi MS. Genetic Reduction of Glucose Metabolism Preserves Functional β-Cell Mass in KATP-Induced Neonatal Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:1233-1245. [PMID: 35294000 PMCID: PMC9163553 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
β-Cell failure and loss of β-cell mass are key events in diabetes progression. Although insulin hypersecretion in early stages has been implicated in β-cell exhaustion/failure, loss of β-cell mass still occurs in KATP gain-of-function (GOF) mouse models of human neonatal diabetes in the absence of insulin secretion. Thus, we hypothesize that hyperglycemia-induced increased β-cell metabolism is responsible for β-cell failure and that reducing glucose metabolism will prevent loss of β-cell mass. To test this, KATP-GOF mice were crossed with mice carrying β-cell-specific glucokinase haploinsufficiency (GCK+/-), to genetically reduce glucose metabolism. As expected, both KATP-GOF and KATP-GOF/GCK+/- mice showed lack of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. However, KATP-GOF/GCK+/- mice demonstrated markedly reduced blood glucose, delayed diabetes progression, and improved glucose tolerance compared with KATP-GOF mice. In addition, decreased plasma insulin and content, increased proinsulin, and augmented plasma glucagon observed in KATP-GOF mice were normalized to control levels in KATP-GOF/GCK+/- mice. Strikingly, KATP-GOF/GCK+/- mice demonstrated preserved β-cell mass and identity compared with the marked decrease in β-cell identity and increased dedifferentiation observed in KATP-GOF mice. Moreover KATP-GOF/GCK+/- mice demonstrated restoration of body weight and liver and brown/white adipose tissue mass and function and normalization of physical activity and metabolic efficiency compared with KATP-GOF mice. These results demonstrate that decreasing β-cell glucose signaling can prevent glucotoxicity-induced loss of insulin content and β-cell failure independently of compensatory insulin hypersecretion and β-cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Manuela Fortunato
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Zeenat A. Shyr
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Amy L. Clark
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Matt Fuess
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Colin G. Nichols
- Deparment of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Maria S. Remedi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Deparment of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Corresponding author: Maria S. Remedi,
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32
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Nakamura A. Glucokinase as a therapeutic target based on findings from the analysis of mouse models. Endocr J 2022; 69:479-485. [PMID: 35418527 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
I investigated mouse models to elucidate the pathophysiology and to establish a new treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes, with a particular focus on glucokinase. The decrease in pancreatic beta-cell function and mass are important factors in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. My group have shown that glucokinase plays an important role in high-fat diet-induced and high-starch diet-induced beta-cell expansion. The findings indicated that the mechanism of short-term high-fat diet-induced beta-cell proliferation involved a glucokinase-independent pathway, suggesting that there are different pathways and mechanisms in the proliferation of pancreatic beta-cells during short-term versus long-term high-fat diets. Because enhancement of glucose signals via glucokinase is important for beta-cell proliferation, it was thought that beta-cell mass would be increased and insulin secretion would be maintained by glucokinase activators. However, sub-chronic administration of a glucokinase activator in db/db mice produced an unsustained hypoglycemic effect and promoted hepatic fat accumulation without changes in beta-cell function and mass. In contrast, my group have shown that inactivating glucokinase in beta-cells prevented beta-cell failure and led to an improvement in glucose tolerance in db/db mice. Regulation of glucokinase activity has an influence on the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and can be one of the therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Tsumura Y, Tsushima Y, Tamura A, Kato H, Kobayashi T. Disruptions in hepatic glucose metabolism are involved in the diminished efficacy after chronic treatment with glucokinase activator. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265761. [PMID: 35312718 PMCID: PMC8936481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucokinase activators are regarded as potent candidates for diabetes treatment, however, in clinical studies on patients with type 2 diabetes, a diminishing efficacy was observed after chronic treatment with them. The mechanism of this reduction has not been elucidated, and whether it is a class effect of glucokinase activators remains inconclusive. Here, we firstly identified a diabetic animal model that shows the diminished efficacy after long-term treatment with MK-0941, a glucokinase activator that exhibited diminished efficacy in a clinical study, and we analyzed the mechanism underlying its diminished efficacy. In addition, we evaluated the long-term efficacy of another glucokinase activator, TMG-123. Goto-Kakizaki rats were treated with MK-0941 and TMG-123 for 24 weeks. The results showed that glycated hemoglobin A1C levels and plasma glucose levels decreased transiently but increased over time with the continuation of treatment in the MK-0941-treated group, while decreased continuously in the TMG-123-treated group. Only in the TMG-123-treated group, higher plasma insulin levels were shown at the later stage of the treatment period. For the mechanism analysis, we conducted a hepatic enzyme assay and liver perfusion study in Goto-Kakizaki rats after chronic treatment with MK-0941 and TMG-123, and revealed that, only in the MK-0941-treated group, the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was increased, and hepatic glucose utilization was decreased compared to the non-treated group. These data indicate that disruptions in hepatic glucose metabolism are involved in the diminished efficacy of glucokinase activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tsumura
- Pharmacology Research Department, Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yu Tsushima
- Pharmacology Research Department, Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Azusa Tamura
- Pharmacology Research Department, Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Kato
- Pharmacology Research Department, Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunefumi Kobayashi
- Pharmacology Research Department, Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Gaspari S, Quenneville S, Rodriguez Sanchez‐Archidona A, Thorens B, Croizier S. Structural and molecular characterization of paraventricular thalamic glucokinase-expressing neuronal circuits in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:1773-1949. [PMID: 35303367 PMCID: PMC9542162 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The thalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVT) is a structure highly interconnected with several nuclei ranging from forebrain to hypothalamus and brainstem. Numerous rodent studies have examined afferent and efferent connections of the PVT and their contribution to behavior, revealing its important role in the integration of arousal cues. However, the majority of these studies used a region‐oriented approach, without considering the neuronal subtype diversity of the nucleus. In the present study, we provide the anatomical and transcriptomic characterization of a subpopulation of PVT neurons molecularly defined by the expression of glucokinase (Gck). Combining a genetically modified mouse model with viral tracing approaches, we mapped both the anterograde and the retrograde projections of Gck‐positive neurons of the anterior PVT (GckaPVT). Our results demonstrated that GckaPVT neurons innervate several nuclei throughout the brain axis. The strongest connections are with forebrain areas associated with reward and stress and with hypothalamic structures involved in energy balance and feeding regulation. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of the Gck‐expressing neurons revealed that they are enriched in receptors for hypothalamic‐derived neuropeptides, adhesion molecules, and obesity and diabetes susceptibility transcription factors. Using retrograde labeling combined with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we identify that GckaPVT neurons receive direct inputs from well‐defined hypothalamic populations, including arginine‐vasopressin‐, melanin‐concentrating hormone‐, orexin‐, and proopiomelanocortin‐expressing neurons. This detailed anatomical and transcriptomic characterization of GckaPVT neurons provides a basis for functional studies of the integration of homeostatic and hedonic aspects of energy homeostasis, and for deciphering the potential role of these neurons in obesity and diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevasti Gaspari
- Center for Integrative GenomicsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Simon Quenneville
- Center for Integrative GenomicsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative GenomicsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sophie Croizier
- Center for Integrative GenomicsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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35
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Kawata S, Nakamura A, Miyoshi H, Yang K, Shigesawa I, Yamauchi Y, Tsuchida K, Omori K, Takahashi K, Nomoto H, Kameda H, Cho KY, Terauchi Y, Atsumi T. Glucokinase activation leads to an unsustained hypoglycaemic effect with hepatic triglyceride accumulation in db/db mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:391-401. [PMID: 34704329 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate how subchronic administration of a glucokinase activator (GKA) results in attenuation of the hypoglycaemic effect in the diabetic condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six-week-old db/db mice were fed standard chow containing a GKA or the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin for 1, 6, 14 or 28 days. We performed histological evaluation and gene expression analysis of the pancreatic islets and liver after each treatment and compared the results to those in untreated mice. RESULTS The unsustained hypoglycaemic effect of GKAs was reproduced in db/db mice in conjunction with significant hepatic fat accumulation. The initial reactions to treatment with the GKA in the liver were upregulation of the gene expression of carbohydrate response element-binding protein beta (Chrebp-b) and downregulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) on day 1. Subsequently, the initial changes in Chrebp-b and Pepck disappeared and increases in the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, were observed. There were no significant changes in the pancreatic β cells nor in hepatic insulin signalling. CONCLUSIONS The GKA showed an unsustained hypoglycaemic effect and promoted hepatic fat accumulation in db/db mice. Dynamic changes in the expression of hepatic genes involved in lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis could affect the unsustained hypoglycaemic effect of the GKA despite no changes in pancreatic β-cell function and mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Kawata
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyoshi
- Division of Diabetes and Obesity, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kelaier Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ikumi Shigesawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamauchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Tsuchida
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuno Omori
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nomoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiraku Kameda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyu Yong Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Centre, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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36
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Bódis K, Knebel B, Nowotny B, Bobrov P, Kupriyanova Y, Zaharia OP, Karusheva Y, Schön M, Wolkersdorfer M, Burkart V, Al-Hasani H, Markgraf D, Müssig K, Roden M, Szendroedi J. Hepatic energy metabolism in a family with a glucokinase gene mutation and dysglycemia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 185:109779. [PMID: 35176401 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carriers heterozygous for the D124N (c.370, GAC > AAC in exon 4) variant of GCK not only exhibit reduced insulin-secretion, but also impaired adipose insulin sensitivity, which may shift fatty acids towards the liver. This could contribute to increased hepatic lipid-accumulation and alterations of liver energy metabolism resulting in dysglycemia. ClinicalTrial.gov registration no: NCT01055093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Bódis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Knebel
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bettina Nowotny
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Bobrov
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yuliya Kupriyanova
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oana-Patricia Zaharia
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yanislava Karusheva
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schön
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Volker Burkart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Markgraf
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Grewal AS, Lather V. Small Molecule Allosteric Activators of Human Glucokinase for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Current Status and Challenges. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e160422203687. [PMID: 35430967 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220416212906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, 135001, Haryana, India
| | - Viney Lather
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Koneshamoorthy A, Seniveratne-Epa D, Calder G, Sawyer M, Kay TWH, Farrell S, Loudovaris T, Mariana L, McCarthy D, Lyu R, Liu X, Thorn P, Tong J, Chin LK, Zacharin M, Trainer A, Taylor S, MacIsaac RJ, Sachithanandan N, Thomas HE, Krishnamurthy B. Case Report: Hypoglycemia Due to a Novel Activating Glucokinase Variant in an Adult - a Molecular Approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:842937. [PMID: 35370948 PMCID: PMC8969599 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.842937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of an obese 22-year-old man with activating GCK variant who had neonatal hypoglycemia, re-emerging with hypoglycemia later in life. We investigated him for asymptomatic hypoglycemia with a family history of hypoglycemia. Genetic testing yielded a novel GCK missense class 3 variant that was subsequently found in his mother, sister and nephew and reclassified as a class 4 likely pathogenic variant. Glucokinase enables phosphorylation of glucose, the rate-limiting step of glycolysis in the liver and pancreatic β cells. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of insulin secretion. Inactivating variants in GCK cause hyperglycemia and activating variants cause hypoglycemia. Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy revealed diffuse hyperplastic islets, nuclear pleomorphism and periductular islets. Glucose stimulated insulin secretion revealed increased insulin secretion in response to glucose. Cytoplasmic calcium, which triggers exocytosis of insulin-containing granules, revealed normal basal but increased glucose-stimulated level. Unbiased gene expression analysis using 10X single cell sequencing revealed upregulated INS and CKB genes and downregulated DLK1 and NPY genes in β-cells. Further studies are required to see if alteration in expression of these genes plays a role in the metabolic and histological phenotype associated with glucokinase pathogenic variant. There were more large islets in the patient's pancreas than in control subjects but there was no difference in the proportion of β cells in the islets. His hypoglycemia was persistent after pancreatectomy, was refractory to diazoxide and improved with pasireotide. This case highlights the variable phenotype of GCK mutations. In-depth molecular analyses in the islets have revealed possible mechanisms for hyperplastic islets and insulin hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anojian Koneshamoorthy
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dilan Seniveratne-Epa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Genevieve Calder
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Sawyer
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas W. H. Kay
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Farrell
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lina Mariana
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Davis McCarthy
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruqian Lyu
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xin Liu
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Thorn
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason Tong
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lit Kim Chin
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret Zacharin
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alison Trainer
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shelby Taylor
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J. MacIsaac
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nirupa Sachithanandan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen E. Thomas
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Balasubramanian Krishnamurthy
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Balasubramanian Krishnamurthy,
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Furukawa A, Tanaka A, Yamaguchi S, Kosuda M, Yamana M, Nagasawa A, Kohno G, Ishihara H. Using recombinase-mediated cassette exchange to engineer MIN6 insulin-secreting cells based on a newly identified safe harbor locus. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:2129-2140. [PMID: 34382357 PMCID: PMC8668067 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Recent studies have identified genomic and transcript level changes along with alterations in insulin secretion in patients with diabetes and in rodent models of diabetes. It is important to establish an efficient system for testing functional consequences of these changes. We aimed to generate such a system using insulin-secreting MIN6 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MIN6 cells were first engineered to have a tetracycline-regulated expression system. Then, we used the recombination-mediated cassette exchange strategy to explore the silencing-resistant site in the genome and generated a master cell line based on this site. RESULTS We identified a site 10.5 kbps upstream from the Zxdb gene as a locus that allows homogenous transgene expression from a tetracycline responsible promoter. Placing the Flip/Frt-based platform on this locus using CRISPR/Cas9 technology generated modified MIN6 cells applicable to achieving cassette exchange on the genome. Using this cell line, we generated MIN6 subclones with over- or underexpression of glucokinase. By analyzing a mixed population of these cells, we obtained an initial estimate of effects on insulin secretion within 6 weeks. Furthermore, we generated six MIN6 cell sublines simultaneously harboring genes of inducible overexpression with unknown functions in insulin secretion, and found that Cited4 and Arhgef3 overexpressions increased and decreased insulin secretion, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We engineered MIN6 cells, which can serve as a powerful tool for testing genetic alterations associated with diabetes, and studied the molecular mechanisms of insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Furukawa
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesNihon University School of MedicineItabashiJapan
| | - Aya Tanaka
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesNihon University School of MedicineItabashiJapan
| | - Suguru Yamaguchi
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesNihon University School of MedicineItabashiJapan
| | - Minami Kosuda
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesNihon University School of MedicineItabashiJapan
| | - Midori Yamana
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesNihon University School of MedicineItabashiJapan
| | - Akiko Nagasawa
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesNihon University School of MedicineItabashiJapan
| | - Genta Kohno
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesNihon University School of MedicineItabashiJapan
| | - Hisamitsu Ishihara
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesNihon University School of MedicineItabashiJapan
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Indu S, Vijayalakshmi P, Selvaraj J, Rajalakshmi M. Novel Triterpenoids from Cassia fistula Stem Bark Depreciates STZ-Induced Detrimental Changes in IRS-1/Akt-Mediated Insulin Signaling Mechanisms in Type-1 Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:6812. [PMID: 34833905 PMCID: PMC8621110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we identified the mechanisms of action of antidiabetic activity of novel compounds isolated from Cassia fistula stem bark in STZ-diabetic animals. Novel triterpenoid compounds (C1, C2 and C3) were treated to STZ-administered diabetic animals at a concentration of 20mg/kg body weight orally for 60 days to assess their effects on plasma glucose, plasma insulin/C-peptide, serum lipid markers and the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, glucose oxidation and insulin signaling molecules. Oral administration of novel triterpenoid compounds to STZ-diabetic animals significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the plasma glucose concentration on the 7th, 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th daysin a duration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Plasma insulin (p < 0.0001)/C-peptide (p < 0.0006), tissue glycogen (p < 0.0034), glycogen phosphorylase (p < 0.005), glucose 6-phosphatase (p < 0.0001) and lipid markers were significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in diabetic rats, whereas glucokinase (p < 0.0047), glycogen synthase (p < 0.003), glucose oxidation (p < 0.001), GLUT4 mRNA (p < 0.0463), GLUT4 protein (p < 0.0475) and the insulin-signaling molecules IR mRNA (p < 0.0195), IR protein (p < 0.0001), IRS-1 mRNA (p < 0.0478), p-IRS-1Tyr612 (p < 0.0185), Akt mRNA (p < 0.0394), p-AktSer473 (p < 0.0162), GLUT4 mRNA (p < 0.0463) and GLUT4 (p < 0.0475) were decreased in the gastrocnemius muscle. In silico analysis of C1-C3 with IRK and PPAR-γ protein coincided with in vivo findings. C1-C3 possessed promising antidiabetic activity by regulating insulin signaling mechanisms and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- C-Peptide/blood
- Cassia/chemistry
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Glucokinase/metabolism
- Glucose-6-Phosphatase/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Male
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Molecular Structure
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Plant Bark/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Triterpenes/chemistry
- Triterpenes/isolation & purification
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabapathy Indu
- DBT-BIF Centre, PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620002, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.I.); (P.V.)
| | - Periyasamy Vijayalakshmi
- DBT-BIF Centre, PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620002, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.I.); (P.V.)
| | - Jayaraman Selvaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Manikkam Rajalakshmi
- DBT-BIF Centre, PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620002, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.I.); (P.V.)
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41
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Præstholm SM, Correia CM, Goitea VE, Siersbæk MS, Jørgensen M, Havelund JF, Pedersen TÅ, Færgeman NJ, Grøntved L. Impaired glucocorticoid receptor expression in liver disrupts feeding-induced gene expression, glucose uptake, and glycogen storage. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109938. [PMID: 34731602 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from a fasted to a fed state is associated with extensive transcriptional remodeling in hepatocytes facilitated by hormonal- and nutritional-regulated transcription factors. Here, we use a liver-specific glucocorticoid receptor (GR) knockout (L-GRKO) model to investigate the temporal hepatic expression of GR target genes in response to feeding. Interestingly, in addition to the well-described fasting-regulated genes, we identify a subset of hepatic feeding-induced genes that requires GR for full expression. This includes Gck, which is important for hepatic glucose uptake, utilization, and storage. We show that insulin and glucocorticoids cooperatively regulate hepatic Gck expression in a direct GR-dependent manner by a 4.6 kb upstream GR binding site operating as a Gck enhancer. L-GRKO blunts preprandial and early postprandial Gck expression, which ultimately affects early postprandial hepatic glucose uptake, phosphorylation, and glycogen storage. Thus, GR is positively involved in feeding-induced gene expression and important for postprandial glucose metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine M Præstholm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Catarina M Correia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Victor E Goitea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Majken S Siersbæk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Jørgensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jesper F Havelund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | | | - Nils J Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lars Grøntved
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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42
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López Tinoco C, Sánchez Lechuga B, Bacon S, Colclough K, Ng N, Wong E, Goulden EL, Edwards J, Fleming A, Byrne B, Byrne MM. Evaluation of pregnancy outcomes in women with GCK-MODY. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14488. [PMID: 33277730 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the fetal and maternal outcomes in pregnant women with Glucokinase-Maturity onset diabetes of the young (GCK-MODY). METHODS We studied the obstetric and perinatal outcomes in 99 pregnancies of 34 women with GCK-MODY. The mutation status of the offspring was known in 29 and presumed in 33. Clinical outcomes were determined and compared between affected (n = 39) and unaffected (n = 23) offspring. RESULTS 59% of pregnancies were treated with diet alone and 41% received insulin. Birthweight, percentage of large for gestational age (LGA) and caesarean section (CS) in GCK-unaffected offspring was significantly higher than in GCK-affected offspring (4.0 ± 0.7 vs. 3.4 ± 0.4 kg, p = 0.001), 15 (65%) vs. 5(13%) (p = 0.00006) and 17 (74%) vs. 11 (28%) (p = 0.001), respectively. We observed an earlier gestational age at delivery on insulin in unaffected offspring (38.3 ± 1.0 vs. 39.5 ± 1.5 weeks, p = 0.03) with no significant change in LGA (9 (82%) vs. 6 (50%); p = 0.12), and a higher rate of CS (8 [73%] vs. 3 [11%]; p < 0.001), and no change in small for gestational age (0 [0%] vs. 4 [14%]; p = 0.30) in affected offspring. CONCLUSION Insulin therapy in unaffected offspring did not reduce LGA and was associated with earlier gestational age at delivery. Insulin treatment in GCK-affected offspring was associated with an increased incidence of CS, but did not adversely affect fetal outcome. Fetal genotype determines birthweight rather than treatment. Pre-pregnancy diagnosis of GCK-MODY, use of continuous glucose monitoring and non-invasive fetal genotyping may enable further investigation of targeted therapy in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Begoña Sánchez Lechuga
- Department of Endocrinology, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Bacon
- Department of Endocrinology, Sligo University Hospital, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Kevin Colclough
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicholas Ng
- Department of Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor Wong
- Department of Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eirena L Goulden
- Department of Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Rotunda Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Bridgette Byrne
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria M Byrne
- Department of Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Rotunda Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Hibi M, Sugiura S, Nakagawa T, Hayakawa T, Shimada M. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Myo-inositol on Hepatic Expression of Glycolytic and Fructolytic Enzyme Genes in Rats Fed a High-sucrose Diet. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:697-702. [PMID: 33840666 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined effects of a major lipotrope, myo-inositol, on the expression of primary glycolytic (glucokinase and phosphofructokinase) and fructolytic enzyme (ketohexokinase [KHK] and aldolase B) genes in the livers of rats fed a control diet, high-sucrose diet, or high-sucrose diet supplemented with 0.5% myo-inositol for 14 d. Supplementation with myo-inositol decreased the hepatic expression of fructolytic enzyme genes, but not that of glycolytic enzyme genes, and the levels of triglycerides, fatty acid synthase, and KHK proteins in high-sucrose diet-induced fatty liver. The study results suggest that myo-inositol represses primary fructlysis, but not glycolysis, in high-sucrose diet-induced fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Hibi
- Division of Life Science for Food, Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University
| | - Sakura Sugiura
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Tomoyuki Nakagawa
- Division of Life Science for Food, Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- Division of Life Science for Food, Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Masaya Shimada
- Division of Life Science for Food, Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
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44
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Elias-Assad G, Saab R, Molnes J, Hess O, Abu-Ras R, Darawshi H, Rasmus Njølstad P, Tenenbaum-Rakover Y. Maturity onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2): Insight from an extended family. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 175:108791. [PMID: 33812904 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess long-term outcome of patients with maturity onset diabetes of the young, type 2 (MODY2) in a unique large cohort of patients with the same genetic and environmental background. METHODS We prospectively evaluated 162 patients aged 5 to 82 years, belonging to the same extended family living in the same village. All patients underwent molecular testing for the glucokinase (GCK) gene mutation identified in the proband, and were categorized into three groups (MODY2, type 2 diabetes and controls). RESULTS The 5.5-year-old proband had the c.1278_1286del mutation in the GCK and was diagnosed with MODY2. Forty-two out of 162 participants were positive for the mutation and 39 had type 2 diabetes. Patients were followed for a mean 10.2 ± 3.7 years (range 0-14). Mean fasting blood glucose and HbA1c increased significantly over the years in MODY2 patients (133 vs. 146 mg/dL; 6.9% vs. 8.2%, respectively). Increase in HbA1c occurred only in the obese/overweight subgroups. Twenty-five percent of MODY2 patients developed diabetes complications, all were above 40 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Although MODY2 commonly has a benign disease course, weight gain is a risk factor for diabetes complications, requiring life-long follow-up and in some patients, medical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadir Elias-Assad
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | - Janne Molnes
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ora Hess
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Rasmi Abu-Ras
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Zefat, Israel
| | | | - Pal Rasmus Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yardena Tenenbaum-Rakover
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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45
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Ghasemi A, Afzali H, Jeddi S. Effect of oral nitrite administration on gene expression of SNARE proteins involved in insulin secretion from pancreatic islets of male type 2 diabetic rats. Biomed J 2021; 45:387-395. [PMID: 34326021 PMCID: PMC9250122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nitrite stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been completely addressed. The aim of this study is to determine effect of nitrite on gene expression of SNARE proteins involved in insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets in Type 2 diabetic Wistar rats. Methods Three groups of rats were studied (n = 10/group): Control, diabetes, and diabetes + nitrite, which treated with sodium nitrite (50 mg/L) for 8 weeks. Type 2 diabetes was induced using a low-dose of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) combined with high-fat diet. At the end of the study, pancreatic islets were isolated and mRNA expressions of interested genes were measured; in addition, protein expression of proinsulin and C-peptide in pancreatic tissue was assessed using immunofluorescence staining. Results Compared with controls, in the isolated pancreatic islets of Type 2 diabetic rats, mRNA expression of glucokinase (59%), syntaxin1A (49%), SNAP25 (70%), Munc18b (48%), insulin1 (56%), and insulin2 (52%) as well as protein expression of proinsulin and C-peptide were lower. In diabetic rats, nitrite administration significantly increased gene expression of glucokinase, synaptotagmin III, syntaxin1A, SNAP25, Munc18b, and insulin genes as well as increased protein expression of proinsulin and C-peptide. Conclusion Stimulatory effect of nitrite on insulin secretion in Type 2 diabetic rats is at least in part due to increased gene expression of molecules involved in glucose sensing (glucokinase), calcium sensing (synaptotagmin III), and exocytosis of insulin vesicles (syntaxin1A, SNAP25, and Munc18b) as well as increased expression of insulin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Afzali
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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46
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Guzmán TJ, Gurrola-Díaz CM. Glucokinase activation as antidiabetic therapy: effect of nutraceuticals and phytochemicals on glucokinase gene expression and enzymatic activity. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:182-193. [PMID: 31210550 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1627458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes represents an important public health problem. Recently, new molecular targets have been identified and exploited to treat this disease. Due to its pivotal role in glucose homeostasis, glucokinase (GCK) is a promising target for the development of novel antidiabetic drugs; however, pharmacological agents that modulate GCK activity have been linked to undesirable side-effects, limiting its use. Interestingly, plants might be a valuable source of new therapeutic compounds with GCK-activating properties and presumably no adverse effects. In this review, we describe biochemical characteristics related to the physiological and pathological importance of GCK, as well as the mechanisms involved in its regulation at different molecular levels. Posteriorly, we present a compendium of findings supporting the potential use of nutraceuticals and phytochemicals in the management of diabetes through modulation of GCK expression and activity. Finally, we propose critical aspects to keep in mind when designing experiments to evaluate GCK modulation properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereso J Guzmán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud/Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Carmen M Gurrola-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud/Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Omori K, Nakamura A, Miyoshi H, Yamauchi Y, Kawata S, Takahashi K, Kitao N, Nomoto H, Kameda H, Cho KY, Terauchi Y, Atsumi T. Glucokinase Inactivation Paradoxically Ameliorates Glucose Intolerance by Increasing β-Cell Mass in db/db Mice. Diabetes 2021; 70:917-931. [PMID: 33608422 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Efficacy of glucokinase activation on glycemic control is limited to a short-term period. One reason might be related to excess glucose signaling by glucokinase activation toward β-cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of glucokinase haploinsufficiency on glucose tolerance as well as β-cell function and mass using a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Our results showed that in db/db mice with glucokinase haploinsufficiency, glucose tolerance was ameliorated by augmented insulin secretion associated with the increase in β-cell mass when compared with db/db mice. Gene expression profiling and immunohistochemical and metabolomic analyses revealed that glucokinase haploinsufficiency in the islets of db/db mice was associated with lower expression of stress-related genes, greater expression of transcription factors involved in the maintenance and maturation of β-cell function, less mitochondrial damage, and a superior metabolic pattern. These effects of glucokinase haploinsufficiency could preserve β-cell mass under diabetic conditions. These findings verified our hypothesis that optimizing excess glucose signaling in β-cells by inhibiting glucokinase could prevent β-cell insufficiency, leading to improving glucose tolerance in diabetes status by preserving β-cell mass. Therefore, glucokinase inactivation in β-cells, paradoxically, could be a potential strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuno Omori
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyoshi
- Division of Diabetes and Obesity, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamauchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kawata
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kitao
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nomoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiraku Kameda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyu Yong Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Mu W, Kong J, Cao J. Understanding the Optimal Cooperativity of Human Glucokinase: Kinetic Resonance in Nonequilibrium Conformational Fluctuations. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2900-2904. [PMID: 33724849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cooperativity of a monomeric enzyme arises from dynamic correlation instead of spatial correlation and is a consequence of nonequilibrium conformation fluctuations. We investigate the conformation-modulated kinetics of human glucokinase, a monomeric enzyme with important physiological functions, using a five-state kinetic model. We derive the non-Michealis-Menten (MM) correction term of the activity (i.e., turnover rate), predict its relationship to cooperativity, and reveal the violation of conformational detailed balance. Most importantly, we reproduce and explain the observed resonance effect in human glucokinase (i.e., maximal cooperativity when the conformational fluctuation rate is comparable to the catalytic rate). With the realistic parameters, our theoretical results are in quantitative agreement with the reported measurement by Miller and co-workers. The analysis can be extended to a general chemical network beyond the five-state model, suggesting the generality of kinetic cooperativity and resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Mu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, U.K
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, U.K
| | - Jianshu Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, U.K
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Ma Y, Luo Y, Gong S, Zhou X, Li Y, Liu W, Zhang S, Cai X, Ren Q, Zhou L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Huang X, Gao X, Hu M, Han X, Ji L. Low-Frequency Genetic Variant in the Hepatic Glucokinase Gene Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance in Chinese Population. Diabetes 2021; 70:809-816. [PMID: 33298402 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucokinase (GCK) regulates insulin secretion and hepatic glucose metabolism, and its inactivating variants could cause diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the association of a low-frequency variant of GCK (rs13306393) with type 2 diabetes (T2D), prediabetes, or both (impaired glucose regulation [IGR]) in a Chinese population. An association study was first conducted in a random cluster sampling population (sample 1: 537 T2D, 768 prediabetes, and 1,912 control), and then another independent population (sample 2: 3,896 T2D, 2,301 prediabetes, and 868 control) was used to confirm the findings in sample 1. The A allele of rs13306393 was associated with T2D (odds ratio 3.08 [95% CI 1.77-5.36], P = 0.00007) in sample 1; rs13306393 was also associated with prediabetes (1.67 [1.05-2.65], P = 0.03) in sample 2. In a pooled analysis of the two samples, the A allele increased the risk of T2D (1.57 [1.15-2.15], P = 0.005), prediabetes (1.83 [1.33-2.54], P = 0.0003) or IGR (1.68 [1.26-2.25], P = 0.0004), insulin resistance estimated by HOMA (β = 0.043, P = 0.001), HbA1c (β = 0.029, P = 0.029), and urinary albumin excretion (β = 0.033, P = 0.025), irrespective of age, sex, and BMI. Thus, the Chinese-specific low-frequency variant increased the risk of T2D through reducing insulin sensitivity rather than islet β-cell function, which should be considered in the clinical use of GCK activators in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Ma
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Siqian Gong
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghai Zhou
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanai Wang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuting Huang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Gao
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdie Hu
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyao Han
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
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Gao Q, Zhang W, Li T, Yang G, Zhu W, Chen N, Jin H. The efficacy and safety of glucokinase activators for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24873. [PMID: 33607862 PMCID: PMC7899907 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucokinase activators are a novel family of glucose-lowering agents used for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucokinase activators blind to GK activate the enzyme allosterically. Treatment with different GKAs has been shown to reduce fasting and postprandial glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. We compared the efficacy/safety of glucokinase activators in T2DM patients through a meta-analysis. METHODS We searched PubMed, Excerpt Medica Database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for articles published before December 30, 2020. Two independent reviewers extracted the information from article. The quality of articles were assessed by 2 independent reviewers using the 5 items of scale proposed by Jadad. We computed the weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) for a change from baseline to the study endpoint for glucokinase activators vs placebo. Egger test and Begg test were used to assess the possible publication bias caused by the tendency of published studies to be positive. RESULTS The present meta-analysis will compare the efficacy and safety of glucokinase activators and placebo for the treatment of T2DM. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis will provide advanced evidence on the efficacy and safety of glucokinase activators for the treatment of T2DM. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval and patient consent are not required because this study is a literature-based study. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021220364.
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