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Li J, Zhang S, Sun Y, Li J, Feng Z, Li H, Zhang M, Yan T, Han J, Duan Y. Liver ChREBP deficiency inhibits fructose-induced insulin resistance in pregnant mice and female offspring. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2097-2117. [PMID: 38532128 PMCID: PMC11014959 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High fructose intake during pregnancy increases insulin resistance (IR) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. IR during pregnancy primarily results from elevated hormone levels. We aim to determine the role of liver carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) in insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in pregnant mice and their offspring. Pregnant C57BL/6J wild-type mice and hepatocyte-specific ChREBP-deficient mice were fed with a high-fructose diet (HFrD) or normal chow diet (NC) pre-delivery. We found that the combination of HFrD with pregnancy excessively activates hepatic ChREBP, stimulating progesterone synthesis by increasing MTTP expression, which exacerbates IR. Increased progesterone levels upregulated hepatic ChREBP via the progesterone-PPARγ axis. Placental progesterone activated the progesterone-ChREBP loop in female offspring, contributing to IR and lipid accumulation. In normal dietary conditions, hepatic ChREBP modestly affected progesterone production and influenced IR during pregnancy. Our findings reveal the role of hepatic ChREBP in regulating insulin sensitivity and lipid homeostasis in both pregnant mice consuming an HFrD and female offspring, and suggest it as a potential target for managing gestational metabolic disorders, including GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yuyao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Li
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tengteng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Lu J, Li XQ, Chen PP, Zhang JX, Li L, Wang GH, Liu XQ, Jiang CM, Ma KL. Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 promotes diabetic renal tubular injury in mice by rewiring fatty acid metabolism through SIRT1/ ChREBP pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:366-377. [PMID: 37770579 PMCID: PMC10789804 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by chronic low-grade renal inflammatory responses, which greatly contribute to disease progression. Abnormal glucose metabolism disrupts renal lipid metabolism, leading to lipid accumulation, nephrotoxicity, and subsequent aseptic renal interstitial inflammation. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the renal inflammation in diabetes, driven by glucose-lipid metabolic rearrangement with a focus on the role of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) in lipid accumulation and renal tubular injury. Diabetic models were established in mice by the injection of streptozotocin and in human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells cultured under a high glucose (HG, 30 mmol/L) condition. We showed that the expression levels of ACSS2 were significantly increased in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) from the diabetic mice and human diabetic kidney biopsy samples, and ACSS2 was co-localized with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in RTECs. Diabetic ACSS2-deficient mice exhibited reduced renal tubular injury and inflammatory responses. Similarly, ACSS2 knockdown or inhibition of ACSS2 by ACSS2i (10 µmol/L) in HK-2 cells significantly ameliorated HG-induced inflammation, mitochondrial stress, and fatty acid synthesis. Molecular docking revealed that ACSS2 interacted with Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). In HG-treated HK-2 cells, we demonstrated that ACSS2 suppressed SIRT1 expression and activated fatty acid synthesis by modulating SIRT1-carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) activity, leading to mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation. We conclude that ACSS2 promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress and renal tubular inflammation in DN by regulating the SIRT1-ChREBP pathway. This highlights the potential therapeutic value of pharmacological inhibition of ACSS2 for alleviating renal inflammation and dysregulation of fatty acid metabolic homeostasis in DN. Metabolic inflammation in the renal region, driven by lipid metabolism disorder, is a key factor in renal injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is abundantly expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and highly upregulated in diabetic kidneys. Deleting ACSS2 reduces renal fatty acid accumulation and markers of renal tubular injury in diabetic mice. We demonstrate that ACSS2 deletion inhibits ChREBP-mediated fatty acid lipogenesis, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in RTECs, which play a major role in the progression of diabetic renal tubular injury in the kidney. These findings support the potential use of ACSS2 inhibitors in treating patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xue-Qi Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Pei-Pei Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jia-Xiu Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Gui-Hua Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chun-Ming Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Kun-Ling Ma
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Sui Y, Du C, Wang M, Liu X, Chai Q, Liang S, Ma J, Duan J. Knockdown of ChREBP ameliorates retinal microvascular endothelial cell injury and angiogenic responses in diabetic retinopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 694:149389. [PMID: 38128383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether and how carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) plays a role in diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Western blotting was used to detect ChREBP expression and location following high glucose stimulation of Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HRMECs). Flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, and western blotting were used to evaluate apoptosis following ChREBP siRNA silencing. Cell scratch, transwell migration, and tube formation assays were used to determine cell migration and angiogenesis. Diabetic models for wild-type (WT) and ChREBP knockout (ChKO) mice were developed. Retinas of WT and ChKO animals were cultivated in vitro with vascular endothelial growth factor + high glucose to assess neovascular development. RESULTS ChREBP gene knockdown inhibited thioredoxin-interacting protein and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3 expression in HRMECs, which was caused by high glucose stimulation, reduced apoptosis, hindered migration, and tube formation, and repressed AKT/mTOR signaling pathway activation. Compared with WT mice, ChKO mice showed suppressed high glucose-induced alterations in retinal structure, alleviated retinal vascular leakage, and reduced retinal neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS ChREBP deficiency decreased high glucose-induced apoptosis, migration, and tube formation in HRMECs as well as structural and angiogenic responses in the mouse retina; thus, it is a potential therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunyang Du
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiannan Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingxue Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Jialiang Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Yang S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yin L, Han X, Zhao X, Wang N, Xu L. LncRNA Gm28382 promotes lipogenesis by interacting with miR-326-3p to regulate ChREBP signaling pathway in NAFLD. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111444. [PMID: 38157698 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to play vital roles in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, their biological roles and function mechanisms in NAFLD remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that Gm28382 may be a potential pathogenic lncRNA of NAFLD and highly expressed in NAFLD through RNA-seq. Overexpression of Gm28382 significantly enhanced the lipid accumulation in AML12 cells, whereas Gm28382 silencing reduced lipogenesis both in palmitic acid (PA)-induced AML12 cells and high fat diet (HFD)-induced mice. Then, bioinformatics were employed to speculate the potential interacting genes of Gm28382, and found that Gm28382 may regulate ChREBP expression through binding with miR-326-3p. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), dual luciferase reporter assay, immunofluorescence RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were used to validate the binding and targeting relationship of these genes, and we confirmed that Gm28382 competitively binds to miR-326-3p to increase ChREBP expression as a ceRNA. Mechanistically, overexpression of Gm28382 upregulated the ChREBP-mediated lipid synthesis signaling pathway, but the function was sabotaged by miR-326-3p deletion or ChREBP overexpression. Furthermore, in PA-challenged AML12 cells or HFD-induced mice, silencing of Gm28382 reversed the aberrant ChREBP signaling pathway and lipid accumulation, whereas ChREBP overexpression or liver-specific silencing of miR-326-3p blocked this function of Gm28382. Collectively, these findings reveal a critical role of Gm28382 in the promotion of lipogenesis in NAFLD by regulating the ChREBP signaling pathway through interaction with miR-326-3p, which could serve as a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xuerong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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Hwang S, Park S, Kim J, Oh AR, Lee HJ, Cha JY. Role of Carbohydrate response element-binding protein in mediating dexamethasone-induced glucose transporter 5 expression in Caco-2BBE cells and during the developmental phase in mice. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:15-24. [PMID: 38192641 PMCID: PMC10773644 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2301009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5), the main fructose transporter in mammals, is primarily responsible for absorbing dietary fructose in the small intestine. The expression of this intestinal gene significantly increases in response to developmental and dietary cues that reach the glucocorticoid receptor and carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), respectively. Our study demonstrates that ChREBP is involved in the dexamethasone (Dex)-induced expression of GLUT5 in Caco-2BBE cells and the small intestine of both wild-type and ChREBP-knockout mice. Dex, a glucocorticoid, demonstrated an increase in GLUT5 mRNA levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. While the overexpression of ChREBP moderately increased GLUT5 expression, its synergistic increase in the presence of Dex was noteworthy, whereas the suppression of ChREBP significantly reduced Dex-induced GLUT5 expression. Dex did not increase ChREBP protein levels but facilitated its nuclear translocation, thereby increasing the activity of the GLUT5 promoter. In vivo experiments conducted on 14-day-old mice pups treated with Dex for three days revealed that only wild-type mice (not ChREBP-knockout mice) exhibited Dex-mediated Glut5 gene induction, which further supports the role of ChREBP in regulating GLUT5 expression. Collectively, our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of GLUT5 expression in response to developmental and dietary signals mediated by glucocorticoids and ChREBP. General significance: The transcription factor ChREBP is important for Dex-mediated Glut5 gene expression in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonjae Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbin Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Oh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Singh C, Jin B, Shrestha N, Markhard AL, Panda A, Calvo SE, Deik A, Pan X, Zuckerman AL, Ben Saad A, Corey KE, Sjoquist J, Osganian S, AminiTabrizi R, Rhee EP, Shah H, Goldberger O, Mullen AC, Cracan V, Clish CB, Mootha VK, Goodman RP. ChREBP is activated by reductive stress and mediates GCKR-associated metabolic traits. Cell Metab 2024; 36:144-158.e7. [PMID: 38101397 PMCID: PMC10842884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Common genetic variants in glucokinase regulator (GCKR), which encodes GKRP, a regulator of hepatic glucokinase (GCK), influence multiple metabolic traits in genome-wide association studies (GWASs), making GCKR one of the most pleiotropic GWAS loci in the genome. It is unclear why. Prior work has demonstrated that GCKR influences the hepatic cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio, also referred to as reductive stress. Here, we demonstrate that reductive stress is sufficient to activate the transcription factor ChREBP and necessary for its activation by the GKRP-GCK interaction, glucose, and ethanol. We show that hepatic reductive stress induces GCKR GWAS traits such as increased hepatic fat, circulating FGF21, and circulating acylglycerol species, which are also influenced by ChREBP. We define the transcriptional signature of hepatic reductive stress and show its upregulation in fatty liver disease and downregulation after bariatric surgery in humans. These findings highlight how a GCKR-reductive stress-ChREBP axis influences multiple human metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charandeep Singh
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Byungchang Jin
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nirajan Shrestha
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrew L Markhard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Apekshya Panda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah E Calvo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xingxiu Pan
- The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Austin L Zuckerman
- The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Program in Mathematics and Science Education, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Program in Mathematics and Science Education, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120
| | - Amel Ben Saad
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julia Sjoquist
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephanie Osganian
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Roya AminiTabrizi
- Metabolomics Platform, Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eugene P Rhee
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Metabolomics Platform, Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olga Goldberger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alan C Mullen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Valentin Cracan
- The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Russell P Goodman
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Katz LS, Brill G, Wang P, Lambertini L, Zhang P, Haldeman JM, Liu H, Newgard CB, Stewart AF, Garcia-Ocaña A, Scott DK. Transcriptional activation of the Myc gene by glucose in β-cells requires a ChREBP-dependent 3-D chromatin interaction between the Myc and Pvt1 genes. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101848. [PMID: 38042369 PMCID: PMC10714240 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE All forms of diabetes result from insufficient functional β-cell mass. Thus, achieving the therapeutic goal of expanding β-cell mass requires a better mechanistic understanding of how β-cells proliferate. Glucose is a natural β-cell mitogen that mediates its effects in part through the glucose-responsive transcription factor, carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and the anabolic transcription factor, MYC. However, mechanistic details by which glucose activates Myc at the transcriptional level are poorly understood. METHODS Here, siRNA was used to test the role of ChREBP in the glucose response of MYC, ChIP and ChIPseq to identify potential regulatory binding sites, chromatin conformation capture to identify DNA/DNA interactions, and an adenovirus was constructed to expresses x-dCas9 and an sgRNA that specifically disrupts the recruitment of ChREBP to a specific targeted ChoRE. RESULTS We found that ChREBP is essential for glucose-mediated transcriptional induction of Myc, and for increases in Myc mRNA and protein abundance. Further, ChIPseq revealed that the carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) nearest to the Myc transcriptional start site (TSS) is immediately upstream of the gene encoding the lncRNA, Pvt1, 60,000 bp downstream of the Myc gene. Chromatin Conformation Capture (3C) confirmed a glucose-dependent interaction between these two sites. Transduction with an adenovirus expressing x-dCas9 and an sgRNA specifically targeting the highly conserved Pvt1 ChoRE, attenuates ChREBP recruitment, decreases Myc-Pvt1 DNA/DNA interaction, and decreases expression of the Pvt1 and Myc genes in response to glucose. Importantly, isolated and dispersed rat islet cells transduced with the ChoRE-disrupting adenovirus also display specific decreases in ChREBP-dependent, glucose-mediated expression of Pvt1 and Myc, as well as decreased glucose-stimulated β-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The mitogenic glucose response of Myc is mediated via glucose-dependent recruitment of ChREBP to the promoter of the Pvt1 gene and subsequent DNA looping with the Myc promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora S Katz
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gabriel Brill
- Pharmacologic Sciences Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA(5)
| | - Peng Wang
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pili Zhang
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Hongtao Liu
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Andrew F Stewart
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Donald K Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Krishnamurthy KA, Rutten MGS, Hoogerland JA, van Dijk TH, Bos T, Koehorst M, de Vries MP, Kloosterhuis NJ, Havinga H, Schomakers BV, van Weeghel M, Wolters JC, Bakker BM, Oosterveer MH. Hepatic ChREBP orchestrates intrahepatic carbohydrate metabolism to limit hepatic glucose 6-phosphate and glycogen accumulation in a mouse model for acute Glycogen Storage Disease type Ib. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101838. [PMID: 37995884 PMCID: PMC10716006 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein (ChREBP) is a glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)-sensitive transcription factor that acts as a metabolic switch to maintain intracellular glucose and phosphate homeostasis. Hepatic ChREBP is well-known for its regulatory role in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and de novo lipogenesis. The physiological role of ChREBP in hepatic glycogen metabolism and blood glucose regulation has not been assessed in detail, and ChREBP's contribution to carbohydrate flux adaptations in hepatic Glycogen Storage Disease type 1 (GSD I) requires further investigation. METHODS The current study aimed to investigate the role of ChREBP as a regulator of glycogen metabolism in response to hepatic G6P accumulation, using a model for acute hepatic GSD type Ib. The immediate biochemical and regulatory responses to hepatic G6P accumulation were evaluated upon G6P transporter inhibition by the chlorogenic acid S4048 in mice that were either treated with a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) directed against ChREBP (shChREBP) or a scrambled shRNA (shSCR). Complementary stable isotope experiments were performed to quantify hepatic carbohydrate fluxes in vivo. RESULTS ShChREBP treatment normalized the S4048-mediated induction of hepatic ChREBP target genes to levels observed in vehicle- and shSCR-treated controls. In parallel, hepatic shChREBP treatment in S4048-infused mice resulted in a more pronounced accumulation of hepatic glycogen and further reduction of blood glucose levels compared to shSCR treatment. Hepatic ChREBP knockdown modestly increased glucokinase (GCK) flux in S4048-treated mice while it enhanced UDP-glucose turnover as well as glycogen synthase and phosphorylase fluxes. Hepatic GCK mRNA and protein levels were induced by shChREBP treatment in both vehicle- and S4048-treated mice, while glycogen synthase 2 (GYS2) and glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL) mRNA and protein levels were reduced. Finally, knockdown of hepatic ChREBP expression reduced starch domain binding protein 1 (STBD1) mRNA and protein levels while it inhibited acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) activity, suggesting reduced capacity for lysosomal glycogen breakdown. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that ChREBP activation controls hepatic glycogen and blood glucose levels in acute hepatic GSD Ib through concomitant regulation of glucose phosphorylation, glycogenesis, and glycogenolysis. ChREBP-mediated control of GCK enzyme levels aligns with corresponding adaptations in GCK flux. In contrast, ChREBP activation in response to acute hepatic GSD Ib exerts opposite effects on GYS2/PYGL enzyme levels and their corresponding fluxes, indicating that GYS2/PYGL expression levels are not limiting to their respective fluxes under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Krishnamurthy
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M G S Rutten
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J A Hoogerland
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T H van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Bos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Koehorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M P de Vries
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N J Kloosterhuis
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Havinga
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B V Schomakers
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, UMC Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, UMC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, UMC Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, UMC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J C Wolters
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M H Oosterveer
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Gong Y, Lu Q, Xi L, Liu Y, Yang B, Su J, Liu H, Jin J, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Zhu X, Xie S, Han D. F6P/G6P-mediated ChREBP activation promotes the insulin resistance-driven hepatic lipid deposition in zebrafish. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 122:109452. [PMID: 37748621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-sensitive lipogenesis dominates the body lipid deposition; however, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develops in the insulin-resistant state. The regulation mechanism of insulin resistance-driven NAFLD remains elusive. Using zebrafish model of insulin resistance (ZIR, insrb-/-) and mouse hepatocytes (NCTC 1469), we explored the regulation mechanism of insulin resistance-driven hepatic lipid deposition under the stimulation of carbohydrate diet (CHD). In ZIR model, insulin resistance induced hyperlipidemia and elevated hepatic lipid deposition via elevating the gene/protein expressions of lipogenic enzymes, that was activated by carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), rather than sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1c (SREBP-1c). The metabolomic analysis in zebrafish and silencing of chrebp in mouse hepatocytes revealed that the increased hepatic frucotose-6-phosphate (F6P) and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) promoted the ChREBP-mediated lipid deposition. We further identified that F6P alone was sufficient to activate ChREBP-mediated lipid deposition by a SREBP-1c-independent manner. Moreover, we clarified the suppressed hepatic phosphofructokinase/glucose-6-phosphatase functions and the normal glucokinase function preserved by glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) manipulated the increased F6P/G6P content in ZIR. In conclusion, the present study revealed that insulin resistance promoted hepatic lipid deposition via the F6P/G6P-mediated ChREBP activation. Our findings deciphered the main regulation pathway for the liver lipid deposition in the insulin-resistant state and identified F6P as a new potential regulator for ChREBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qisheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longwei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jingzhi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
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10
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Ho TC, Wan HT, Lee WK, Lam TKY, Lin X, Chan TF, Lai KP, Wong CKC. Effects of In Utero PFOS Exposure on Epigenetics and Metabolism in Mouse Fetal Livers. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:14892-14903. [PMID: 37759171 PMCID: PMC10569047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) increases fetus' metabolic risk; however, the investigation of the underlying mechanism is limited. In this study, pregnant mice in the gestational days (GD, 4.5-17.5) were exposed to PFOS (0.3 and 3 μg/g of body weight). At GD 17.5, PFOS perturbed maternal lipid metabolism and upregulated metabolism-regulating hepatokines (Angptl4, Angptl8, and Selenop). Mass-spectrometry imaging and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing revealed, respectively, selective PFOS localization and deregulation of gene methylation in fetal livers, involved in inflammation, glucose, and fatty acid metabolism. PCR and Western blot analysis of lipid-laden fetal livers showed activation of AMPK signaling, accompanied by significant increases in the expression of glucose transporters (Glut2/4), hexose-phosphate sensors (Retsat and ChREBP), and the key glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase (Pk) for glucose catabolism. Additionally, PFOS modulated the expression levels of PPARα and PPARγ downstream target genes, which simultaneously stimulated fatty acid oxidation (Cyp4a14, Acot, and Acox) and lipogenesis (Srebp1c, Acaca, and Fasn). Using human normal hepatocyte (MIHA) cells, the underlying mechanism of PFOS-elicited nuclear translocation of ChREBP, associated with a fatty acid synthesizing pathway, was revealed. Our finding implies that in utero PFOS exposure altered the epigenetic landscape associated with dysregulation of fetal liver metabolism, predisposing postnatal susceptibility to metabolic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Chun Ho
- Croucher
Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State
Key Laboratory in Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hin Ting Wan
- Croucher
Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wang Ka Lee
- Croucher
Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas Ka Yam Lam
- State
Key Laboratory in Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department
of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine
at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School
of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Bioinformatics
Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key
Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education
Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Chris Kong Chu Wong
- Croucher
Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State
Key Laboratory in Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Wang X, Huangfu W, Zhao F. Correlation of ChREBP Gene Methylation with Pathological Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04714-4. [PMID: 37615853 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the expression of the carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) gene in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its correlation with pathological features. For obtaining and exploring the pathological features in patients, sixty T2DM patients (the research group) and thirty healthy controls (the control group) presented to our hospital between January 2019 and June 2019 were selected as the research participants. After DNA extraction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and modification of target gene methylation with bisulfite, differences in methylation were verified, and the correlation of ChREBP methylation level with T2DM pathological features and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing was discussed. According to the prediction results of UCSC Genome Browser Home, there were two CpG islands in the promoter region of the ChREBP gene, and the first exon was selected for research. The ChREBP methylation rate was statistically higher in the research group versus the control group (P < 0.05). Age, FPG, TC, and TG were confirmed by the multiple linear regression analysis to be correlated with the ChREBP methylation rate (P < 0.05). Finally, there was no difference in ChREBP methylation level between CT- and CC-type patients at rs17145750 and rs1051921 loci (P > 0.05). Peripheral blood ChREBP methylation is elevated in T2DM patients and is closely related to age, blood glucose, and blood-lipid level, which is expected to be a new direction for future T2DM diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010000, China.
| | - Weizhong Huangfu
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010000, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010000, China
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12
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Ahn B. The Function of MondoA and ChREBP Nutrient-Sensing Factors in Metabolic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108811. [PMID: 37240157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major global public health concern associated with an increased risk of many health problems, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer. Obesity is also a critical factor in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance is associated with metabolic inflexibility, which interferes with the body's ability to switch from free fatty acids to carbohydrate substrates, as well as with the ectopic accumulation of triglycerides in non-adipose tissue, such as that of skeletal muscle, the liver, heart, and pancreas. Recent studies have demonstrated that MondoA (MLX-interacting protein or MLXIP) and the carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP, also known as MLXIPL and MondoB) play crucial roles in the regulation of nutrient metabolism and energy homeostasis in the body. This review summarizes recent advances in elucidating the function of MondoA and ChREBP in insulin resistance and related pathological conditions. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which MondoA and ChREBP transcription factors regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in metabolically active organs. Understanding the underlying mechanism of MondoA and ChREBP in insulin resistance and obesity can foster the development of new therapeutic strategies for treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungyong Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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13
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Jang J, Hwang S, Oh AR, Park S, Yaseen U, Kim JG, Park S, Jung Y, Cha JY. Fructose malabsorption in ChREBP-deficient mice disrupts the small intestine immune microenvironment and leads to diarrhea-dominant bowel habit changes. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:769-782. [PMID: 36813915 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which incompletely absorbed fructose causes gastrointestinal symptoms is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the immunological mechanisms of bowel habit changes associated with fructose malabsorption by examining Chrebp-knockout mice exhibiting defective fructose absorption. METHODS Mice were fed a high-fructose diet (HFrD), and stool parameters were monitored. The gene expression in the small intestine was analyzed by RNA sequencing. Intestinal immune responses were assessed. The microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA profiling. Antibiotics were used to assess the relevance of microbes for HFrD-induced bowel habit changes. RESULTS Chrebp-knockout (KO) mice fed HFrD showed diarrhea. Small-intestine samples from HFrD-fed Chrebp-KO mice revealed differentially expressed genes involved in the immune pathways, including IgA production. The number of IgA-producing cells in the small intestine decreased in HFrD-fed Chrebp-KO mice. These mice showed signs of increased intestinal permeability. Chrebp-KO mice fed a control diet showed intestinal bacterial imbalance, which the HFrD exaggerated. Bacterial reduction improved diarrhea-associated stool parameters and restored the decreased IgA synthesis induced in HFrD-fed Chrebp-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS The collective data indicate that gut microbiome imbalance and disrupting homeostatic intestinal immune responses account for the development of gastrointestinal symptoms induced by fructose malabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsun Jang
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Gachon University, Inchon, Korea
| | - Soonjae Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Inchon, 21999, Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Oh
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Gachon University, Inchon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Sohyeon Park
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Gachon University, Inchon, Korea
| | - Uzma Yaseen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Gachon University, Inchon, Korea
| | - Jae Gon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Inchon, 21999, Korea
| | - Sangbin Park
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Gachon University, Inchon, Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Gachon University, Inchon, Korea. .,Department of Microbiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Inchon, 21999, Korea.
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Gachon University, Inchon, Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Inchon, 21999, Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea.
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14
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Tang Z, Sun C, Yan Y, Niu Z, Li Y, Xu X, Zhang J, Wu Y, Li Y, Wang L, Hu C, Li Z, Jiang J, Ying H. Aberrant elevation of FTO levels promotes liver steatosis by decreasing the m6A methylation and increasing the stability of SREBF1 and ChREBP mRNAs. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 14:6817255. [PMID: 36352530 PMCID: PMC9951264 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated an association of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. This study aimed to decipher the complex role of FTO in hepatic lipid metabolism. We found that a decrease in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation in the liver of mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) was accompanied by an increase in FTO expression. Overexpression of FTO in the liver promoted triglyceride accumulation by upregulating the expression of lipogenic genes. Mechanistical studies revealed that FTO could stabilize the mRNAs of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), two master lipogenic transcription factors, by demethylating m6A sites. Knockdown of either SREBF1 or ChREBP attenuated the lipogenic effect of FTO, suggesting that they are bona fide effectors for FTO in regulating lipogenesis. Insulin could stimulate FTO transcription through a mechanism involving the action of intranuclear insulin receptor beta, while knockdown of FTO abrogated the lipogenic effect of insulin. Inhibition of FTO by entacapone decreased the expression of SREBF1, ChREBP, and downstream lipogenic genes, ameliorating liver steatosis in HFD-fed mice. Thus, our study established a critical role of FTO in both the insulin-regulated hepatic lipogenesis and the pathogenesis of NAFLD and provided a potential strategy for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China.,Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhoumin Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhuoyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China.,Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
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15
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Zhou D, Li X, Xiao X, Wang G, Chen B, Song Y, Liu X, He Q, Zhang H, Wu Q, Zhang L, Wu L, Shen Z, Hassan M, Zhao Y, Zhou W. Celastrol targets the ChREBP-TXNIP axis to ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus. Phytomedicine 2023; 110:154634. [PMID: 36603341 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) plays a pivotal role in regulation of blood glucose homeostasis and is an emerging therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications. Celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, can reduce insulin resistance and improve diabetic complications. PURPOSE This study aimed to untangle the mechanism of celastrol in ameliorating type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and evaluate its potential benefits as an anti-diabetic agent. METHODS db/db mice was used to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of celastrol in vivo; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 2-NBDG assay were used to detect the effect of celastrol on insulin secretion and glucose uptake in cells; Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistological staining were used to examine effect of celastrol on the expression of TXNIP and the carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP). Molecular docking, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), drug affinity responsive targets stability assay (DARTS) and mass spectrometry were used to test the direct binding between celastrol and ChREBP. Loss- and gain-of-function studies further confirmed the role of ChREBP and TXNIP in celastrol-mediated amelioration of T2DM. RESULTS Celastrol treatment significantly reduced blood glucose level, body weight and food intake, and improved glucose tolerance in db/db mice. Moreover, celastrol promoted insulin secretion and improved glucose homeostasis. Mechanistically, celastrol directly bound to ChREBP, a primary transcriptional factor upregulating TXNIP expression. By binding to ChREBP, celastrol inhibited its nuclear translocation and promoted its proteasomal degradation, thereby repressing TXNIP transcription and ultimately ameliorating T2DM through breaking the vicious cycle of hyperglycemia deterioration and TXNIP overexpression. CONCLUSION Celastrol ameliorates T2DM through targeting ChREBP-TXNIP aix. Our study identified ChREBP as a new direct molecular target of celastrol and revealed a novel mechanism for celastrol-mediated amelioration of T2DM, which provides experimental evidence for its possible use in the treatment of T2DM and new insight into diabetes drug development for targeting TXNIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanfang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China; Department of pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China; Key laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Qichen He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuya Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengze Shen
- Department of pharmacy, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Division of Bio-molecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Ying Zhao
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Division of Bio-molecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Weiying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China; Key laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
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Carbinatti T, Régnier M, Parlati L, Benhamed F, Postic C. New insights into the inter-organ crosstalk mediated by ChREBP. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1095440. [PMID: 36923222 PMCID: PMC10008936 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1095440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a glucose responsive transcription factor recognized by its critical role in the transcriptional control of glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis. Substantial advances in the field have revealed novel ChREBP functions. Indeed, due to its actions in different tissues, ChREBP modulates the inter-organ communication through secretion of peptides and lipid factors, ensuring metabolic homeostasis. Dysregulation of these orchestrated interactions is associated with development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we recapitulate the current knowledge about ChREBP-mediated inter-organ crosstalk through secreted factors and its physiological implications. As the liver is considered a crucial endocrine organ, we will focus in this review on the role of ChREBP-regulated hepatokines. Lastly, we will discuss the involvement of ChREBP in the progression of metabolic pathologies, as well as how the impairment of ChREBP-dependent signaling factors contributes to the onset of such diseases.
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Wang H, Stevens T, Lu J, Airik M, Airik R, Prochownik EV. Disruption of Multiple Overlapping Functions Following Stepwise Inactivation of the Extended Myc Network. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244087. [PMID: 36552851 PMCID: PMC9777503 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc, a member of the "Myc Network" of bHLH-ZIP transcription factors, supervises proliferation, metabolism, and translation. It also engages in crosstalk with the related "Mlx Network" to co-regulate overlapping genes and functions. We investigated the consequences of stepwise conditional inactivation of Myc and Mlx in primary and SV40 T-antigen-immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Myc-knockout (MycKO) and Myc × Mlx "double KO" (DKO)-but not MlxKO-primary MEFs showed rapid growth arrest and displayed features of accelerated aging and senescence. However, DKO MEFs soon resumed proliferating, indicating that durable growth arrest requires an intact Mlx network. All three KO MEF groups deregulated multiple genes and functions pertaining to aging, senescence, and DNA damage recognition/repair. Immortalized KO MEFs proliferated in Myc's absence while demonstrating variable degrees of widespread genomic instability and sensitivity to genotoxic agents. Finally, compared to primary MycKO MEFs, DKO MEFs selectively downregulated numerous gene sets associated with the p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) pathways and G2/M arrest. Thus, the reversal of primary MycKO MEF growth arrest by either Mlx loss or SV40 T-antigen immortalization appears to involve inactivation of the p53 and/or Rb pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Taylor Stevens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Merlin Airik
- Division of Nephrology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Rannar Airik
- Division of Nephrology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Edward V. Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- The UPMC Hillman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 25232, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-692-6795
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Prochownik EV. Regulation of Normal and Neoplastic Proliferation and Metabolism by the Extended Myc Network. Cells 2022; 11. [PMID: 36552737 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Myc Network, comprising a small assemblage of bHLH-ZIP transcription factors, regulates many hundreds to thousands of genes involved in proliferation, energy metabolism, translation and other activities. A structurally and functionally related set of factors known as the Mlx Network also supervises some of these same functions via the regulation of a more limited but overlapping transcriptional repertoire. Target gene co-regulation by these two Networks is the result of their sharing of three members that suppress target gene expression as well as by the ability of both Network's members to cross-bind one another's consensus DNA sites. The two Networks also differ in that the Mlx Network's control over transcription is positively regulated by several glycolytic pathway intermediates and other metabolites. These distinctive properties, functions and tissue expression patterns potentially allow for sensitive control of gene regulation in ways that are differentially responsive to environmental and metabolic cues while allowing for them to be both rapid and of limited duration. This review explores how such control might occur. It further discusses how the actual functional dependencies of the Myc and Mlx Networks rely upon cellular context and how they may differ between normal and neoplastic cells. Finally, consideration is given to how future studies may permit a more refined understanding of the functional interrelationships between the two Networks.
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Katz LS, Argmann C, Lambertini L, Scott DK. T3 and glucose increase expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) leading to increased β-cell proliferation. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101646. [PMID: 36455788 PMCID: PMC9731891 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thyroid hormone (T3) and high glucose concentrations are critical components of β-cell maturation and function. In the present study, we asked whether T3 and glucose signaling pathways coordinately regulate transcription of genes important for β-cell function and proliferation. METHODS RNA-seq analysis was performed on cadaveric human islets from five different donors in response to low and high glucose concentrations and in the presence or absence of T3. Gene expression was also studies in sorted human β-cells, mouse islets and Ins-1 cells by RT-qPCR. Silencing of the thyroid hormone receptors (THR) was conducted using lentiviruses. Proliferation was assessed by ki67 immunostaining in primary human/mouse islets. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay were preformed to validate interactions of ChREBP and THR. RESULTS We found glucose-mediated expression of carbohydrate response element binding protein alpha and beta (ChREBPα and ChREBPβ) mRNAs and their target genes are highly dependent on T3 concentrations in rodent and human β-cells. In β-cells, T3 and glucose coordinately regulate the expression of ChREBPβ and PCK1 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1) among other important genes for β-cell maturation. Additionally, we show the thyroid hormone receptor (THR) and ChREBP interact, and their relative response elements are located near to each other on mutually responsive genes. In FACS-sorted adult human β-cells, we found that high concentrations of glucose and T3 induced the expression of PCK1. Next, we show that overexpression of Pck1 together with dimethyl malate (DMM), a substrate precursor, significantly increased β-cell proliferation in human islets. Finally, using a Cre-Lox approach, we demonstrated that ChREBPβ contributes to Pck1-dependent β-cell proliferation in mouse β-cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that T3 and glucose act together to regulate ChREBPβ, leading to increased expression and activity of Pck1, and ultimately increased β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora S. Katz
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author. Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald K. Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Maldonado-González M, Hernández-Nazara ZH, Torres-Castillo N, Martínez-López E, de la Cruz-Color L, Ruíz-Madrigal B. Association between the rs3812316 Single Nucleotide Variant of the MLXIPL Gene and Alpha-Linolenic Acid Intake with Triglycerides in Mexican Mestizo Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224726. [PMID: 36432414 PMCID: PMC9692638 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a key transcription factor to understand the gene−diet−nutrient relationship that leads to metabolic diseases. We aimed to analyze the association between the rs17145750 and rs3812316 SNVs (single nucleotide variants) of the MLXIPL gene with dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical variables in Mexican Mestizo subjects. This is a cross-sectional study of 587 individuals. Genotyping was performed by allelic discrimination. In addition, liver and adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from a subgroup of 24 subjects to analyze the expression of the MLXIPL gene. An in silico test of the protein stability and allelic imbalance showed that rs17145750 and rs3812316 showed a high rate of joint heritability in a highly conserved area. The G allele of rs3812316 was associated with lower triglyceride levels (OR = −0.070 ± 0.027, p < 0.011, 95% CI = −0.124 to −0.016), the production of an unstable protein (ΔΔG −0.83 kcal/mol), and probably lower tissue mRNA levels. In addition, we found independent factors that also influence triglyceride levels, such as insulin resistance, HDL-c, and dietary protein intake in women. Our data showed that the association of rs3812316 on triglycerides was only observed in patients with an inadequate alpha-linolenic acid intake (1.97 ± 0.03 vs. 2.11 ± 0.01 log mg/dL, p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Maldonado-González
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Zamira H. Hernández-Nazara
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nathaly Torres-Castillo
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lucia de la Cruz-Color
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, División de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Bertha Ruíz-Madrigal
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(33)10585200
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Wang SW, Lan T, Zheng F, Huang H, Chen HF, Wu Q, Zhang F. Celastrol inhibits TXNIP expression to protect pancreatic β cells in diabetic mice. Phytomedicine 2022; 104:154316. [PMID: 35820305 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celastrol (CEL) has a great potential in the treatment of a wide variety of metabolic diseases. However, whether CEL protects pancreatic β cells and its underlying mechanism are not yet clear. PURPOSE This study investigates to determine the effects of CEL on the pathogenesis of pancreatic β cells damage. METHODS C57BLKS/Leprdb (db/db) mice and rat insulinoma INS-1 cell line or mouse J774A.1 cell line were used as in vivo and in vitro models for investigating the protective effect of CEL on pancreatic β cells under high glucose environment and the related mechanism. The phenotypic changes were evaluated by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry and the measurement of biochemical indexes. The molecular mechanism was explored by biological techniques such as western blotting, qPCR, ChIP-qPCR, co-immunoprecipitation and lentivirus infection. RESULTS Our results showed that CEL at the high dose (CEL-H, 0.2 mg/kg) protects db/db mice against increased body weight and blood glucose. CEL-H inhibits pancreatic β cell apoptosis in db/db mice and high glucose-induced INS-1 cells. CEL-H also reduced IL-1β production in islet macrophages. The further study found that CEL suppressed TXNIP expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in pancreatic β cells and islet macrophages. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of CEL on pancreatic β cell apoptosis and IL-1β production was also dependent on TXNIP. Mechanically, CEL inhibits Txnip transcription by promoting the degradation of ChREBP. CONCLUSION Celastrol inhibits TXNIP expression to protect pancreatic β cells in vivo and in vitro. Our research pointed out another mechanism by which celastrol functions under the condition leptin signaling is ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Wang
- Core Facility, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Core Facility, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Core Facility, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Hang-Fei Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310059, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Core Facility, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Core Facility, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310059, China.
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22
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Kim D, Nam GY, Seo E, Jun HS. Inhibition of ChREBP ubiquitination via the ROS/Akt-dependent downregulation of Smurf2 contributes to lysophosphatidic acid-induced fibrosis in renal mesangial cells. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:31. [PMID: 35538534 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesangial cell fibrosis, a typical symptom of diabetic nephropathy (DN), is a major contributor to glomerulosclerosis. We previously reported that the pharmacological blockade of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling improves DN. Although LPA signaling is implicated in diabetic renal fibrosis, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the role of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) in LPA-induced renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Methods Eight-week-old wild-type and db/db mice were intraperitoneally injected with the vehicle or an LPAR1/3 antagonist, ki16425 (10 mg/kg), for 8 weeks on a daily basis, following which the mice were sacrificed and renal protein expression was analyzed. SV40 MES13 cells were treated with LPA in the presence or absence of ki16425, and the expression of ChREBP and fibrotic factors, including fibronectin, TGF-β, and IL-1β, was examined. The role of ChREBP in the LPA-induced fibrotic response was investigated by ChREBP overexpression or knockdown. The involvement of Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor-2 (Smurf2), an E3 ligase, in LPA-induced expression of ChREBP and fibrotic factors was investigated by Smurf2 overexpression or knockdown. To identify signaling molecules regulating Smurf2 expression by LPA, pharmacological inhibitors such as A6370 (Akt1/2 kinase inhibitor) and Ly 294002 (PI3K inhibitor) were used. Results The renal expression of ChREBP increased in diabetic db/db mice, and was reduced following treatment with the ki16425. Treatment with LPA induced the expression of ChREBP and fibrotic factors, including fibronectin, TGF-β, and IL-1β, in SV40 MES13 cells, which were positively correlated. The LPA-induced expression of fibrotic factors increased or decreased following ChREBP overexpression and knockdown, respectively. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated the LPA-induced expression of ChREBP and fibrotic factors, and LPA decreased Smurf2 expression via Traf4-mediated ubiquitination. The LPA-induced expression of ubiquitinated-ChREBP increased or decreased following Smurf2 overexpression and knockdown, respectively. Additionally, Smurf2 knockdown significantly increased the expression of ChREBP and fibrotic factors. The pharmacological inhibition of Akt signaling suppressed the LPA-induced alterations in the expression of ChREBP and Smurf2. Conclusion Collectively, the results demonstrated that the ROS/Akt-dependent downregulation of Smurf2 and the subsequent increase in ChREBP expression might be one of the mechanisms by which LPA induces mesangial cell fibrosis in DN. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00814-1.
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Wang H, Lu J, Alencastro F, Roberts A, Fiedor J, Carroll P, Eisenman RN, Ranganathan S, Torbenson M, Duncan AW, Prochownik EV. Coordinated Cross-Talk Between the Myc and Mlx Networks in Liver Regeneration and Neoplasia. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1785-1804. [PMID: 35259493 PMCID: PMC9046243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The c-Myc (Myc) Basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-ZIP) transcription factor is deregulated in most cancers. In association with Max, Myc controls target genes that supervise metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, translation, and proliferation. This Myc network crosstalks with the Mlx network, which consists of the Myc-like proteins MondoA and ChREBP, and Max-like Mlx. Together, this extended Myc network regulates both common and distinct gene targets. Here, we studied the consequence of Myc and/or Mlx ablation in the liver, particularly those pertaining to hepatocyte proliferation, metabolism, and spontaneous tumorigenesis. METHODS We examined the ability of hepatocytes lacking Mlx (MlxKO) or Myc+Mlx (double KO [DKO]) to repopulate the liver over an extended period of time in a murine model of type I tyrosinemia. We also compared this and other relevant behaviors, phenotypes, and transcriptomes of the livers with those from previously characterized MycKO, ChrebpKO, and MycKO × ChrebpKO mice. RESULTS Hepatocyte regenerative potential deteriorated as the Extended Myc Network was progressively dismantled. Genes and pathways dysregulated in MlxKO and DKO hepatocytes included those pertaining to translation, mitochondrial function, and hepatic steatosis resembling nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The Myc and Mlx Networks were shown to crosstalk, with the latter playing a disproportionate role in target gene regulation. All cohorts also developed steatosis and molecular evidence of early steatohepatitis. Finally, MlxKO and DKO mice showed extensive hepatic adenomatosis. CONCLUSIONS In addition to showing cooperation between the Myc and Mlx Networks, this study showed the latter to be more important in maintaining proliferative, metabolic, and translational homeostasis, while concurrently serving as a suppressor of benign tumorigenesis. GEO accession numbers: GSE181371, GSE130178, and GSE114634.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Frances Alencastro
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Roberts
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia Fiedor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick Carroll
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert N Eisenman
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Michael Torbenson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrew W Duncan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Hillman Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Basnet R, Bahadur T, Basnet BB, Khadka S. Overview on thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP): a potential target for diabetes intervention. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:761-767. [PMID: 35240955 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220303092324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder characterized by a persistent increment of blood glucose. Type 2 DM is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is among the factors that control the production and loss of pancreatic β-cells. OBJECTIVE Recent studies have shown that high glucose can significantly up-regulate the expression of the TXNIP. Overexpression of TXNIP in β-cells not only induced apoptosis but also decreased the production of insulin. At the same time, TXNIP deficiency protected the apoptosis of β-cells, leading to increased insulin production. Therefore, finding small molecules that can modulate TXNIP expression and downstream signalling pathways is essential. Thus, the inhibition of TXNIP has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and other tissues such as the heart and the kidney in DM. Therefore, DM treatment must target small TXNIP activity, inhibit expression, and promote endogenous cell mass and insulin production. CONCLUSION This review briefly describes the effect mechanism, regulatory mechanism, and crystal structure of TXNIP. In addition, we highlight how TXNIP signalling networks contribute to diabetes and interact with drugs that inhibit the development often and its complexes. Finally, the current status and prospects of TXNIP targeted therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Til Bahadur
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Government of Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sandhya Khadka
- Department of Pharmacy, Hope International College, Purbanchal University, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Prochownik EV, Wang H. Normal and Neoplastic Growth Suppression by the Extended Myc Network. Cells 2022; 11:747. [PMID: 35203395 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the first discovered and most prominent cellular oncogenes is MYC, which encodes a bHLH-ZIP transcription factor (Myc) that both activates and suppresses numerous genes involved in proliferation, energy production, metabolism and translation. Myc belongs to a small group of bHLH-ZIP transcriptional regulators (the Myc Network) that includes its obligate heterodimerization partner Max and six "Mxd proteins" (Mxd1-4, Mnt and Mga), each of which heterodimerizes with Max and largely opposes Myc's functions. More recently, a second group of bHLH-ZIP proteins (the Mlx Network) has emerged that bears many parallels with the Myc Network. It is comprised of the Myc-like factors ChREBP and MondoA, which, in association with the Max-like member Mlx, regulate smaller and more functionally restricted repertoires of target genes, some of which are shared with Myc. Opposing ChREBP and MondoA are heterodimers comprised of Mlx and Mxd1, Mxd4 and Mnt, which also structurally and operationally link the two Networks. We discuss here the functions of these "Extended Myc Network" members, with particular emphasis on their roles in suppressing normal and neoplastic growth. These roles are complex due to the temporal- and tissue-restricted expression of Extended Myc Network proteins in normal cells, their regulation of both common and unique target genes and, in some cases, their functional redundancy.
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Thiel G, Guethlein LA, Rössler OG. Insulin-Responsive Transcription Factors. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1886. [PMID: 34944530 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone insulin executes its function via binding and activating of the insulin receptor, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle, adipocytes, liver, pancreatic β-cells, and in some areas of the central nervous system. Stimulation of the insulin receptor activates intracellular signaling cascades involving the enzymes extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B/Akt, and phospholipase Cγ as signal transducers. Insulin receptor stimulation is correlated with multiple physiological and biochemical functions, including glucose transport, glucose homeostasis, food intake, proliferation, glycolysis, and lipogenesis. This review article focuses on the activation of gene transcription as a result of insulin receptor stimulation. Signal transducers such as protein kinases or the GLUT4-induced influx of glucose connect insulin receptor stimulation with transcription. We discuss insulin-responsive transcription factors that respond to insulin receptor activation and generate a transcriptional network executing the metabolic functions of insulin. Importantly, insulin receptor stimulation induces transcription of genes encoding essential enzymes of glycolysis and lipogenesis and inhibits genes encoding essential enzymes of gluconeogenesis. Overall, the activation or inhibition of insulin-responsive transcription factors is an essential aspect of orchestrating a wide range of insulin-induced changes in the biochemistry and physiology of insulin-responsive tissues.
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Abstract
Excessive sugar consumption is increasingly considered as a contributor to the emerging epidemics of obesity and the associated cardiometabolic disease. Sugar is added to the diet in the form of sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup, both of which comprise nearly equal amounts of glucose and fructose. The unique aspects of fructose metabolism and properties of fructose-derived metabolites allow for fructose to serve as a physiological signal of normal dietary sugar consumption. However, when fructose is consumed in excess, these unique properties may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease. Here, we review the biochemistry, genetics, and physiology of fructose metabolism and consider mechanisms by which excessive fructose consumption may contribute to metabolic disease. Lastly, we consider new therapeutic options for the treatment of metabolic disease based upon this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Herman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Chen N, Song S, Yang Z, Wu M, Mu L, Zhou T, Shi Y. ChREBP deficiency alleviates apoptosis by inhibiting TXNIP/oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:108050. [PMID: 34600826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In the present study, we investigated the effect of carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) on the TXNIP/oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. METHODS ChREBP-/- mice (8-week old) were produced using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing approach. Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6 mice with streptozotocin. HK-2 cells was transfected with plasmid containing either ChREBP shRNA or TXNIP siRNA. RESULTS Renal expression of ChREBP and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic mice. ChREBP deficiency improved renal function, apoptosis as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in diabetic mice. In addition, ChREBP deficiency prevented expression levels of TXNIP and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in diabetic kidneys. The increased urinary 8-OHdG level induced by diabetes was also attenuated in ChREBP deficiency mice. Similarly, HG was shown to induce ChREBP expression and nuclear translocation in HK-2 cells. HG-induced apoptosis was inhibited by transfection of ChREBP shRNA plasmid. Moreover, we found that knockdown of ChREBP suppressed HG-induced TXNIP and Nox4 expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ER stress in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, TXNIP knockdown effectively abrogated HG-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ChREBP deficiency prevents diabetes-induced apoptosis via inhibiting oxidative stress and ER stress, highlighting ChREBP as a potential therapy target for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Shan Song
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhifen Yang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Mu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tengxiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Zhu C, Huang M, Kim HG, Chowdhury K, Gao J, Liu S, Wan J, Wei L, Dong XC. SIRT6 controls hepatic lipogenesis by suppressing LXR, ChREBP, and SREBP1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166249. [PMID: 34425214 PMCID: PMC8488016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is the most prevalent chronic liver disorder, which is manifested by hepatic triglyceride elevation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, has been implicated in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism; however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize novel players and mechanisms that are responsible for the Sirt6-mediated metabolic regulation in the liver. We generated and characterized Sirt6 liver-specific knockout mice regarding its role in the development of fatty liver disease. We used cell models to validate the molecular alterations observed in the animal models. Biochemical and molecular biological approaches were used to illustrate protein-protein interactions and gene regulation. Our data show that Sirt6 liver-specific knockout mice develop more severe fatty liver disease than wild-type mice do on a Western diet. Hepatic Sirt6 deficiency leads to elevated levels and transcriptional activities of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Mechanistically, our data reveal protein-protein interactions between Sirt6 and liver X receptor α (LXRα), ChREBP, or SREBP1c in hepatocytes. Moreover, Sirt6 suppresses transcriptional activities of LXRα, ChREBP, and SREBP1c through direct deacetylation. In conclusion, this work has identified a key mechanism that is responsible for the salutary function of Sirt6 in the inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis by suppressing LXR, ChREBP, and SREBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Menghao Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Kushan Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - X Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Feng Y, Wang H, Chen Z, Chen B. High glucose mediates the ChREBP/p300 transcriptional complex to activate proapoptotic genes Puma and BAX and contributes to intervertebral disc degeneration. Bone 2021; 153:116164. [PMID: 34461288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, the underlying mechanisms are still obscure. Here, we found that serum glucose concentrations were significantly increased in T2D-IDD patients. Detection of molecular changes indicated that two glucose transporters (GLUTs), including GLUT1 and GLUT4, were hyperactivated in these IDD patients with obesity. Using a microarray assay to detect the dysregulated genes in IDD patients with obesity, we identified 33 differentially expressed genes and verified only two proapoptotic genes, including Puma (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) and BAX (BCL2 associated X) responded to glucose. The mechanistic investigation revealed that carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) coupled with the histone acetyltransferase p300 to bind to the promoter of Puma and BAX genes and activated their expression in the condition of high glucose. The accumulation of Puma and BAX triggered mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation, resulting in apoptosis. Moreover, we found that glucose could accelerate the occurrence of IDD in a rat model. Interestingly, we administrated two GLUT inhibitors (BAY-876 and Fasentin) in rats injected glucose and found that these two inhibitors could reverse the defects of IDD by decreasing apoptosis. Our in vitro and in vivo data support a model in which high glucose activates the ChREBP/p300 transcriptional complex to bind to the promoters of Puma and BAX, causing apoptosis and IDD pathogenesis. Our discovery suggests that the control of glucose absorption in T2D-IDD patients may decrease the outcome of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hantao Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Iizuka K. The Roles of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in the Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12058. [PMID: 34769488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are macronutrients that serve as energy sources. Many studies have shown that carbohydrate intake is nonlinearly associated with mortality. Moreover, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) consumption is positively associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Accordingly, products with equal amounts of glucose and fructose have the worst effects on caloric intake, body weight gain, and glucose intolerance, suggesting that carbohydrate amount, kind, and form determine mortality. Understanding the role of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) in glucose and lipid metabolism will be beneficial for elucidating the harmful effects of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), as this glucose-activated transcription factor regulates glycolytic and lipogenic gene expression. Glucose and fructose coordinately supply the metabolites necessary for ChREBP activation and de novo lipogenesis. Chrebp overexpression causes fatty liver and lower plasma glucose levels, and ChREBP deletion prevents obesity and fatty liver. Intestinal ChREBP regulates fructose absorption and catabolism, and adipose-specific Chrebp-knockout mice show insulin resistance. ChREBP also regulates the appetite for sweets by controlling fibroblast growth factor 21, which promotes energy expenditure. Thus, ChREBP partly mimics the effects of carbohydrate, especially HFCS. The relationship between carbohydrate intake and diseases partly resembles those between ChREBP activity and diseases.
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. It is characterised by steatosis, liver inflammation, hepatocellular injury and progressive fibrosis. Several preclinical models (dietary and genetic animal models) of NAFLD have deepened our understanding of its aetiology and pathophysiology. Despite the progress made, there are currently no effective treatments for NAFLD. In this review, we will provide an update on the known molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of NAFLD and on ongoing studies of new therapeutic targets.
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Key Words
- ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- CAP, controlled attenuation parameter
- ChREBP
- ChREBP, carbohydrate responsive element–binding protein
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- FFA, free fatty acid
- FGF21, fibroblast growth factor-21
- FXR
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- GGT, gamma glutamyltransferase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HSC, hepatic stellate cells
- HSL, hormone-sensitive lipase
- HVPG, hepatic venous pressure gradient
- IL-, interleukin-
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LXR
- LXR, liver X receptor
- MCD, methionine- and choline-deficient
- MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NEFA
- NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid
- PPARα
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α
- PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- PY, persons/years
- Phf2, histone demethylase plant homeodomain finger 2
- RCT, randomised controlled trial
- SCD1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1
- SFA, saturated fatty acid
- SREBP-1c
- SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element–binding protein-1c
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- animal models
- glucotoxicity
- lipotoxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Parlati
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F- 75014 Paris, France.,Hôpital Cochin, 24, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marion Régnier
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F- 75014 Paris, France
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Nuernberger V, Mortoga S, Metzendorf C, Burkert C, Ehricke K, Knuth E, Zimmer J, Singer S, Nath N, Karim M, Yasser M, Calvisi DF, Dombrowski F, Ribback S. Hormonally Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Diabetic Wild Type and Carbohydrate Responsive Element Binding Protein Knockout Mice. Cells 2021; 10:2787. [PMID: 34685767 PMCID: PMC8534692 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the rat, the pancreatic islet transplantation model is an established method to induce hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), due to insulin-mediated metabolic and molecular alterations like increased glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis and the oncogenic AKT/mTOR pathway including upregulation of the transcription factor Carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP). ChREBP could therefore represent an essential oncogenic co-factor during hormonally induced hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS Pancreatic islet transplantation was implemented in diabetic C57Bl/6J (wild type, WT) and ChREBP-knockout (KO) mice for 6 and 12 months. Liver tissue was examined using histology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and Western blot analysis. Finally, we performed NGS-based transcriptome analysis between WT and KO liver tumor tissues. RESULTS Three hepatocellular carcinomas were detectable after 6 and 12 months in diabetic transplanted WT mice, but only one in a KO mouse after 12 months. Pre-neoplastic clear cell foci (CCF) were also present in liver acini downstream of the islets in WT and KO mice. In KO tumors, glycolysis, de novo lipogenesis and AKT/mTOR signalling were strongly downregulated compared to WT lesions. Extrafocal liver tissue of diabetic, transplanted KO mice revealed less glycogen storage and proliferative activity than WT mice. From transcriptome analysis, we identified a set of transcripts pertaining to metabolic, oncogenic and immunogenic pathways that are differentially expressed between tumors of WT and KO mice. Of 315 metabolism-associated genes, we observed 199 genes that displayed upregulation in the tumor of WT mice, whereas 116 transcripts showed their downregulated expression in KO mice tumor. CONCLUSIONS The pancreatic islet transplantation model is a suitable method to study hormonally induced hepatocarcinogenesis also in mice, allowing combination with gene knockout models. Our data indicate that deletion of ChREBP delays insulin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, suggesting a combined oncogenic and lipogenic function of ChREBP along AKT/mTOR-mediated proliferation of hepatocytes and induction of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/ultrastructure
- Cell Proliferation
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glycogen/metabolism
- Glycolysis
- Hormones/adverse effects
- Lipogenesis
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/blood
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/ultrastructure
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Nuernberger
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (V.N.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.E.); (E.K.); (J.Z.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Y.); (F.D.)
| | - Sharif Mortoga
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (V.N.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.E.); (E.K.); (J.Z.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Y.); (F.D.)
| | - Christoph Metzendorf
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (V.N.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.E.); (E.K.); (J.Z.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Y.); (F.D.)
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Burkert
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (V.N.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.E.); (E.K.); (J.Z.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Y.); (F.D.)
| | - Katrina Ehricke
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (V.N.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.E.); (E.K.); (J.Z.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Y.); (F.D.)
| | - Elisa Knuth
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (V.N.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.E.); (E.K.); (J.Z.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Y.); (F.D.)
| | - Jenny Zimmer
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (V.N.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.E.); (E.K.); (J.Z.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Y.); (F.D.)
| | - Stephan Singer
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (V.N.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.E.); (E.K.); (J.Z.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Y.); (F.D.)
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsklinikum Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Neetika Nath
- Institut fuer Bioinformatik, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Majedul Karim
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (V.N.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.E.); (E.K.); (J.Z.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Y.); (F.D.)
| | - Mohd Yasser
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (V.N.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.E.); (E.K.); (J.Z.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Y.); (F.D.)
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Frank Dombrowski
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (V.N.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.E.); (E.K.); (J.Z.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Y.); (F.D.)
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (V.N.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.E.); (E.K.); (J.Z.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Y.); (F.D.)
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Doridot L, Hannou SA, Krawczyk SA, Tong W, Kim MS, McElroy GS, Fowler AJ, Astapova II, Herman MA. A Systems Approach Dissociates Fructose-Induced Liver Triglyceride from Hypertriglyceridemia and Hyperinsulinemia in Male Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3642. [PMID: 34684643 PMCID: PMC8540719 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS), defined as the co-occurrence of disorders including obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, has become increasingly prevalent in the world over recent decades. Dietary and other environmental factors interacting with genetic predisposition are likely contributors to this epidemic. Among the involved dietary factors, excessive fructose consumption may be a key contributor. When fructose is consumed in large amounts, it can quickly produce many of the features of MetS both in humans and mice. The mechanisms by which fructose contributes to metabolic disease and its potential interactions with genetic factors in these processes remain uncertain. Here, we generated a small F2 genetic cohort of male mice derived from crossing fructose-sensitive and -resistant mouse strains to investigate the interrelationships between fructose-induced metabolic phenotypes and to identify hepatic transcriptional pathways that associate with these phenotypes. Our analysis indicates that the hepatic transcriptional pathways associated with fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia are distinct from those that associate with fructose-mediated changes in body weight and liver triglyceride. These results suggest that multiple independent mechanisms and pathways may contribute to different aspects of fructose-induced metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Doridot
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.D.); (S.A.K.); (M.-S.K.); (G.S.M.); (A.J.F.)
| | - Sarah A. Hannou
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (S.A.H.); (W.T.); (I.I.A.)
| | - Sarah A. Krawczyk
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.D.); (S.A.K.); (M.-S.K.); (G.S.M.); (A.J.F.)
| | - Wenxin Tong
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (S.A.H.); (W.T.); (I.I.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Mi-Sung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.D.); (S.A.K.); (M.-S.K.); (G.S.M.); (A.J.F.)
| | - Gregory S. McElroy
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.D.); (S.A.K.); (M.-S.K.); (G.S.M.); (A.J.F.)
| | - Alan J. Fowler
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.D.); (S.A.K.); (M.-S.K.); (G.S.M.); (A.J.F.)
| | - Inna I. Astapova
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (S.A.H.); (W.T.); (I.I.A.)
| | - Mark A. Herman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (S.A.H.); (W.T.); (I.I.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Abstract
My graduate and postdoctoral training in metabolism and enzymology eventually led me to study the short- and long-term regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. In the early phase of my career, my trainees and I identified, purified, and characterized a variety of phosphofructokinase enzymes from mammalian tissues. These studies led us to discover fructose 2,6-P2, the most potent activator of phosphofructokinase and glycolysis. The discovery of fructose 2,6-P2 led to the identification and characterization of the tissue-specific bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase. We discovered a glucose signaling mechanism by which the liver maintains glucose homeostasis by regulating the activities of this bifunctional enzyme. With a rise in glucose, a signaling metabolite, xylulose 5-phosphate, triggers rapid activation of a specific protein phosphatase (PP2ABδC), which dephosphorylates the bifunctional enzyme, thereby increasing fructose 2,6-P2 levels and upregulating glycolysis. These endeavors paved the way for us to initiate the later phase of my career in which we discovered a new transcription factor termed the carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP). Now ChREBP is recognized as the masterregulator controlling conversion of excess carbohydrates to storage of fat in the liver. ChREBP functions as a central metabolic coordinator that responds to nutrients independently of insulin. The ChREBP transcription factor facilitates metabolic adaptation to excess glucose, leading to obesity and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosaku Uyeda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA;
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36
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Kading J, Finck BN, DeBosch BJ. Targeting hepatocyte carbohydrate transport to mimic fasting and calorie restriction. FEBS J 2021; 288:3784-3798. [PMID: 32654397 PMCID: PMC8662989 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pervasion of three daily meals and snacks is a relatively new introduction to our shared experience and is coincident with an epidemic rise in obesity and cardiometabolic disorders of overnutrition. The past two decades have yielded convincing evidence regarding the adaptive, protective effects of calorie restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) against cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, proteostatic, and inflammatory diseases. Yet, durable adherence to intensive lifestyle changes is rarely attainable. New evidence now demonstrates that restricting carbohydrate entry into the hepatocyte by itself mimics several key signaling responses and physiological outcomes of IF and CR. This discovery raises the intriguing proposition that targeting hepatocyte carbohydrate transport to mimic fasting and caloric restriction can abate cardiometabolic and perhaps other fasting-treatable diseases. Here, we review the metabolic and signaling fates of a hepatocyte carbohydrate, identify evidence to target the key mediators within these pathways, and provide rationale and data to highlight carbohydrate transport as a broad, proximal intervention to block the deleterious sequelae of hepatic glucose and fructose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kading
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Sakiyama H, Li L, Kuwahara-Otani S, Nakagawa T, Eguchi H, Yoshihara D, Shinohara M, Fujiwara N, Suzuki K. A lack of ChREBP inhibits mitochondrial cristae formation in brown adipose tissue. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3577-3590. [PMID: 34021470 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a glucose-responsive transcription factor that increases the transcription of multiple genes. ChREBP is highly localized in the liver, where it upregulates the expression of genes that code for glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, resulting in the conversion of excess carbohydrate into storage fat. ChREBP knockout (KO) mice display an anti-obese phenotype. However, at this time, role of ChREBP in adipose tissue remains unclear. Therefore, the energy metabolism and morphology of mitochondrial brown adipose tissue (BAT) in ChREBP KO mice was examined. We found increased expression levels of electron transport system proteins including the mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP1), and mitochondrial structural alterations such as dysplasia of the cristae and the presence of small mitochondria in BAT of ChREBP KO mice. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed that fatty acid synthase was absent in the BAT of ChREBP KO mice, which probably led to a reduction in fatty acids and cardiolipin, a regulator of various mitochondrial events. Our study clarified the new role of ChREBP in adipose tissue and its involvement in mitochondrial function. A clearer understanding of ChREBP in mitochondria could pave the way for improvements in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Sakiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Sachi Kuwahara-Otani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hironobu Eguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yoshihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Noriko Fujiwara
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
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Bravo-Ruiz I, Medina MÁ, Martínez-Poveda B. From Food to Genes: Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolism by Lipids and Carbohydrates. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051513. [PMID: 33946267 PMCID: PMC8145205 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids and carbohydrates regulate gene expression by means of molecules that sense these macronutrients and act as transcription factors. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), activated by some fatty acids or their derivatives, and the carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), activated by glucose-derived metabolites, play a key role in metabolic homeostasis, especially in glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the action of both factors in obesity, diabetes and fatty liver, as well as the pharmacological development in the treatment of these pathologies are indeed of high relevance. In this review we present an overview of the discovery, mechanism of activation and metabolic functions of these nutrient-dependent transcription factors in different tissues contexts, from the nutritional genomics perspective. The possibility of targeting these factors in pharmacological approaches is also discussed. Lipid and carbohydrate-dependent transcription factors are key players in the complex metabolic homeostasis, but these factors also drive an adaptive response to non-physiological situations, such as overeating. Possibly the decisive role of ChREBP and PPAR in metabolic regulation points to them as ideal therapeutic targets, but their pleiotropic functions in different tissues makes it difficult to "hit the mark".
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Bravo-Ruiz
- Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.B.-R.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.B.-R.); (M.Á.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.B.-R.); (M.Á.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Katz LS, Baumel-Alterzon S, Scott DK, Herman MA. Adaptive and maladaptive roles for ChREBP in the liver and pancreatic islets. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100623. [PMID: 33812993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive sugar consumption is a contributor to the worldwide epidemic of cardiometabolic disease. Understanding mechanisms by which sugar is sensed and regulates metabolic processes may provide new opportunities to prevent and treat these epidemics. Carbohydrate Responsive-Element Binding Protein (ChREBP) is a sugar-sensing transcription factor that mediates genomic responses to changes in carbohydrate abundance in key metabolic tissues. Carbohydrate metabolites activate the canonical form of ChREBP, ChREBP-alpha, which stimulates production of a potent, constitutively active ChREBP isoform called ChREBP-beta. Carbohydrate metabolites and other metabolic signals may also regulate ChREBP activity via posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation, and O-GlcNAcylation that can affect ChREBP’s cellular localization, stability, binding to cofactors, and transcriptional activity. In this review, we discuss mechanisms regulating ChREBP activity and highlight phenotypes and controversies in ChREBP gain- and loss-of-function genetic rodent models focused on the liver and pancreatic islets.
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40
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Lu Y, Tian N, Hu L, Meng J, Feng M, Zhu Y, Zhang P, Li M, Liu Q, Tong L, Tong X, Li Y, Wu L. ERα down-regulates carbohydrate responsive element binding protein and decreases aerobic glycolysis in liver cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3427-3436. [PMID: 33656238 PMCID: PMC8034478 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated metabolism is one of the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sex hormone receptor signalling has been involved in the marked gender dimorphism of hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis. Oestrogen receptor (ER) has been reported to reduce the incidence of liver cancer. However, it remains unclear how oestrogen and ER regulate metabolic alterations in liver tumour cells. Our previous work revealed that ERα interacted with carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), which is a transcription factor promoting aerobic glycolysis and proliferation of hepatoma cells. Here, the data showed that ERα overexpression with E2 treatment reduced aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation of hepatoma cells. In addition to modestly down-regulating ChREBP transcription, ERα promoted ChREBP degradation. ERα co-immunoprecipitated with both ChREBP-α and ChREBP-β, the two known subtypes of ChREBP. Although E2 promoted ERα to translocate to the nucleus, it did not change subcellular localization of ChREBP. In addition to interacting with ChREBP-β and promoting its degradation, ERα decreased ChREBP-α-induced ChREBP-β transcription. Taken together, we confirmed an original role of ERα in suppressing aerobic glycolysis in liver cancer cells and elucidated the mechanism by which ERα and ChREBP-α together regulated ChREBP-β expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Na Tian
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityShandongChina
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Meng
- School of Clinical MedicineWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Ming Feng
- School of Clinical MedicineWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Yemin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Minle Li
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lingfeng Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yakui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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41
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Hibi M, Nakagawa T, Hayakawa T, Yanase E, Shimada M. Dietary supplementation with myo-inositol reduces high-fructose diet-induced hepatic ChREBP binding and acetylation of histones H3 and H4 on the Elovl6 gene in rats. Nutr Res 2021; 88:28-33. [PMID: 33743322 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6) is a long-chain fatty acid elongase, and the hepatic expression of the Elovl6 gene and accumulation of triglycerides (TG) are enhanced by long-term high-fructose intake. Fatty acid synthesis genes, including Elovl6, are regulated by lipogenic transcription factors, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). In addition, carbohydrate signals induce the expression of fatty acid synthase not only via these transcription factors but also via histone acetylation. Since a major lipotrope, myo-inositol (MI), can repress short-term high-fructose-induced fatty liver and the expression of fatty acid synthesis genes, we hypothesized that MI might influence SREBP-1c, ChREBP, and histone acetylation of Elovl6 in fatty liver induced by even short-term high-fructose intake. This study aimed to investigate whether dietary supplementation with MI affects Elovl6 expression, SREBP-1 and ChREBP binding, and acetylation of histones H3 and H4 at the Elovl6 promoter in short-term high-fructose diet-induced fatty liver in rats. Rats were fed a control diet, high-fructose diet, or high-fructose diet supplemented with 0.5% MI for 10 days. This study showed that MI supplementation reduced short-term high-fructose diet-induced hepatic expression of the Elovl6 gene, ChREBP binding, but not SREBP-1 binding, and acetylation of histones H3 and H4 at the Elovl6 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Hibi
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Emiko Yanase
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masaya Shimada
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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42
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Takao K, Iizuka K, Liu Y, Sakurai T, Kubota S, Kubota-Okamoto S, Imaizumi T, Takahashi Y, Rakhat Y, Komori S, Hirose T, Nonomura K, Kato T, Mizuno M, Suwa T, Horikawa Y, Sone M, Yabe D. Effects of ChREBP deficiency on adrenal lipogenesis and steroidogenesis. J Endocrinol 2021; 248:317-324. [PMID: 33538705 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is critical in the regulation of fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis in the liver. Interestingly, Chrebp-/- mice show reduced levels of plasma cholesterol, which is critical for steroid hormone synthesis in adrenal glands. Furthermore, Chrebp mRNA expression was previously reported in human adrenal glands. Thus, it remains to be investigated whether ChREBP plays a role directly or indirectly in steroid hormone synthesis and release in adrenal glands. In the present study, we find that Chrebp mRNA is expressed in mouse adrenal glands and that ChREBP binds to carbohydrate response elements. Histological analysis of Chrebp-/- mice shows no adrenal hyperplasia and less oil red O staining compared with that in WT mice. In adrenal glands of Chrebp-/- mice, expression of Fasn and Scd1, two enzymes critical for fatty acid synthesis, was substantially lower and triglyceride content was reduced. Expression of Srebf2, a key transcription factor controlling synthesis and uptake of cholesterol and the target genes, was upregulated, while cholesterol content was not significantly altered in the adrenal glands of Chrebp-/- mice. Adrenal corticosterone content and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone levels were not significantly altered in Chrebp-/- mice. Consistently, expression of genes related to steroid hormone synthesis was not altered. Corticosterone secretion in response to two different stimuli, namely 24-h starvation and cosyntropin administration, was also not altered in Chrebp-/- mice. Taking these results together, corticosterone synthesis and release were not affected in Chrebp-/- mice despite reduced plasma cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takao
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Katsumi Iizuka
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Teruaki Sakurai
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Sodai Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Saki Kubota-Okamoto
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshinori Imaizumi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takahashi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yermek Rakhat
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoko Komori
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tokuyuki Hirose
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenta Nonomura
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kato
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masami Mizuno
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suwa
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukio Horikawa
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Sone
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Abstract
In the past several decades obesity has become one of the greatest health burdens worldwide. Diet high in fats and fructose is one of the main causes for the prevalence of metabolic disorders including obesity. Promoting brown or beige adipocyte development and activity is regarded as a potential treatment of obesity. Mondo family transcription factors including MondoA and carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) are critical for nutrient-sensing in multiple metabolic organs including the skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue and pancreas. Under normal nutrient conditions, MondoA and ChREBP contribute to maintaining metabolic homeostasis. When nutrient is overloaded, Mondo family transcription factors directly regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in brown and beige adipocytes or modulate the crosstalk between metabolic organs. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding of MondoA and ChREBP in sensing nutrients and regulating obesity or related pathological conditions.
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44
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Daniel PV, Dogra S, Rawat P, Choubey A, Khan AS, Rajak S, Kamthan M, Mondal P. NF-κB p65 regulates hepatic lipogenesis by promoting nuclear entry of ChREBP in response to a high carbohydrate diet. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100714. [PMID: 33930463 PMCID: PMC8144664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Overconsumption of sucrose and other sugars has been associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Reports suggest hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) as an important contributor to and regulator of carbohydrate-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in NAFLD. The mechanisms responsible for the increase in hepatic DNL due to overconsumption of carbohydrate diet are less than clear; however, literatures suggest high carbohydrate diet to activate the lipogenic transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), which further transcribes genes involved in DNL. Here, we provide an evidence of an unknown link between nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation and increased DNL. Our data indicates high carbohydrate diet to enforce nuclear shuttling of hepatic NF-κB p65 and repress transcript levels of sorcin, a cytosolic interacting partner of ChREBP. Reduced sorcin levels, further prompted ChREBP nuclear translocation, leading to enhanced DNL and intrahepatic lipid accumulation both in vivo and in vitro. We further report that pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB abrogated high carbohydrate diet-mediated sorcin repression and thereby prevented ChREBP nuclear translocation and this, in turn, attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation both in in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, sorcin knockdown blunted the lipid-lowering ability of the NF-κB inhibitor in vitro. Together, these data suggest a heretofore unknown role for NF-κB in regulating ChREBP nuclear localization and activation, in response to high carbohydrate diet, for further explorations in lines of NAFLD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vineeth Daniel
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Surbhi Dogra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Rawat
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abhinav Choubey
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aiysha Siddiq Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangam Rajak
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohan Kamthan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Prosenjit Mondal
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Chen N, Mu L, Yang Z, Du C, Wu M, Song S, Yuan C, Shi Y. Carbohydrate response element-binding protein regulates lipid metabolism via mTOR complex1 in diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:625-640. [PMID: 32583421 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipid deposition caused by the disorder of renal lipid metabolism is involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a key transcription factor in high glucose-induced cellular fat synthesis. At present, the regulation and mechanism of ChREBP on fat metabolism in diabetic kidneys are still unclear. In this study, we showed that lack of ChREBP significantly improved renal injury, inhibited oxidative stress, lipid deposition, fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression, as well as the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in diabetic kidneys. Meanwhile, ChREBP deficiency upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyltransferaser 1A (CPT1A) and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) in diabetic kidneys. In vitro, knockdown of ChREBP attenuated lipid deposition, mTORC1 activation, and expression of FASN and ACC, increased PPARα, CPT1A, and ACOX1 expression in HK-2 cells and podocytes under high glucose (HG) conditions. Moreover, HG-induced lipid deposition, increased expression of FASN and ACC and decreased expression of PPARα, CPT1A, and ACOX1 were reversed by rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTORC1, in HK-2 cells. These results indicate that ChREBP deficiency alleviates diabetes-associated renal lipid accumulation by inhibiting mTORC1 activity and suggest that reduction of ChREBP is a potential therapeutic strategy to treat DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Mu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhifen Yang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunyang Du
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shan Song
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
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46
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Velázquez-Villegas L, Noriega LG, López-Barradas AM, Tobon-Cornejo S, Méndez-García AL, Tovar AR, Torres N, Ortiz-Ortega VM. ChREBP downregulates SNAT2 amino acid transporter expression through interactions with SMRT in response to a high-carbohydrate diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E102-E112. [PMID: 33225719 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00326.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) has been identified as a primary transcription factor that maintains energy homeostasis through transcriptional regulation of glycolytic, lipogenic, and gluconeogenic enzymes in response to a high-carbohydrate diet. Amino acids are important substrates for gluconeogenesis, but nevertheless, knowledge is lacking about whether this transcription factor regulates genes involved in the transport or use of these metabolites. Here, we demonstrate that ChREBP represses the expression of the amino acid transporter sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) in response to a high-sucrose diet in rats by binding to a carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) site located -160 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site in the SNAT2 promoter region. Additionally, immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ChREBP and silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) interact with each other, as part of the complex that repress SNAT2 expression. The interaction between these proteins was confirmed by an in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. These findings suggest that glucogenic amino acid uptake by the liver is controlled by ChREBP through the repression of SNAT2 expression in rats consuming a high-carbohydrate diet.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study highlights the key role of carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) in the fine-tuned regulation between glucose and amino acid metabolism in the liver via regulation of the amino acid transporter sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) expression after the consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet. ChREBP binds to a carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) site in the SNAT2 promoter region and recruits silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) corepressor to reduce SNAT2 transcription. This study revealed that ChREBP prevents the uptake of glucogenic amino acids upon the consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Adriana M López-Barradas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Sandra Tobon-Cornejo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Ana Luisa Méndez-García
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Victor M Ortiz-Ortega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
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Schlein C, Fischer AW, Sass F, Worthmann A, Tödter K, Jaeckstein MY, Behrens J, Lynes MD, Kiebish MA, Narain NR, Bussberg V, Darkwah A, Jespersen NZ, Nielsen S, Scheele C, Schweizer M, Braren I, Bartelt A, Tseng YH, Heeren J, Scheja L. Endogenous Fatty Acid Synthesis Drives Brown Adipose Tissue Involution. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108624. [PMID: 33440156 PMCID: PMC8240962 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoneutral conditions typical for standard human living environments result in brown adipose tissue (BAT) involution, characterized by decreased mitochondrial mass and increased lipid deposition. Low BAT activity is associated with poor metabolic health, and BAT reactivation may confer therapeutic potential. However, the molecular drivers of this BAT adaptive process in response to thermoneutrality remain enigmatic. Using metabolic and lipidomic approaches, we show that endogenous fatty acid synthesis, regulated by carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP), is the central regulator of BAT involution. By transcriptional control of lipogenesis-related enzymes, ChREBP determines the abundance and composition of both storage and membrane lipids known to regulate organelle turnover and function. Notably, ChREBP deficiency and pharmacological inhibition of lipogenesis during thermoneutral adaptation preserved mitochondrial mass and thermogenic capacity of BAT independently of mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, we establish lipogenesis as a potential therapeutic target to prevent loss of BAT thermogenic capacity as seen in adult humans. Schlein et al. show that carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP) controls de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and determines BAT whitening in response to thermoneutral housing. ChREBP deficiency prevents enrichment of DNL-derived lipids and mitophagy during BAT involution, which is associated with higher thermogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schlein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Sass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Worthmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Tödter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Y Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janina Behrens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Naja Zenius Jespersen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Nielsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Core Facility of Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingke Braren
- Vector Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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48
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Zhang J, Tian X, Yin H, Xiao S, Yi S, Zhang Y, Zeng F. TXNIP induced by MondoA, rather than ChREBP, suppresses cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. J Biochem 2020; 167:371-377. [PMID: 31782782 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has indicated the associations between thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and cancers. However, the role of TXNIP in cervical cancer remains unclear. Hence, this study aims to investigate the role of TXNIP in regulating cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. TXNIP expression can be regulated by either MondoA or ChREBP in a cell- or tissue- dependent manner. Thus, we also explored whether TXNIP expression in cervical cancer can be regulated by MondoA or ChREBP. Our results showed that TXNIP expression was decreased in cervical cancer cells (HeLa, SiHa, CaSki, MS751, C-33A). Furthermore, TXNIP overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in HeLa cells, whereas TXNIP silencing exerted the opposite effect in C-33A cells. Moreover, TXNIP expression could be induced by MondoA, rather than ChREBP in HeLa cells. Additionally, MondoA overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion through upregulating TXNIP in HeLa cells. In summary, TXNIP induced by MondoA, rather than ChREBP, suppresses cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Our findings provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xingbo Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huifang Yin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Songshu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuijing Yi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Youzhong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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49
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Heidenreich S, Weber P, Stephanowitz H, Petricek KM, Schütte T, Oster M, Salo AM, Knauer M, Goehring I, Yang N, Witte N, Schumann A, Sommerfeld M, Muenzner M, Myllyharju J, Krause E, Schupp M. The glucose-sensing transcription factor ChREBP is targeted by proline hydroxylation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17158-17168. [PMID: 33023907 PMCID: PMC7863887 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular energy demands are met by uptake and metabolism of nutrients like glucose. The principal transcriptional regulator for adapting glycolytic flux and downstream pathways like de novo lipogenesis to glucose availability in many cell types is carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP). ChREBP is activated by glucose metabolites and post-translational modifications, inducing nuclear accumulation and regulation of target genes. Here we report that ChREBP is modified by proline hydroxylation at several residues. Proline hydroxylation targets both ectopically expressed ChREBP in cells and endogenous ChREBP in mouse liver. Functionally, we found that specific hydroxylated prolines were dispensable for protein stability but required for the adequate activation of ChREBP upon exposure to high glucose. Accordingly, ChREBP target gene expression was rescued by re-expressing WT but not ChREBP that lacks hydroxylated prolines in ChREBP-deleted hepatocytes. Thus, proline hydroxylation of ChREBP is a novel post-translational modification that may allow for therapeutic interference in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Heidenreich
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pamela Weber
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Stephanowitz
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin M Petricek
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Schütte
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Oster
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antti M Salo
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miriam Knauer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Goehring
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Na Yang
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Witte
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Schumann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Sommerfeld
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Muenzner
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schupp
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany.
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50
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Zhang S, Guo F, Yu M, Yang X, Yao Z, Li Q, Wei Z, Feng K, Zeng P, Zhao D, Li X, Zhu Y, Miao QR, Iwakiri Y, Chen Y, Han J, Duan Y. Reduced Nogo expression inhibits diet-induced metabolic disorders by regulating ChREBP and insulin activity. J Hepatol 2020; 73:1482-1495. [PMID: 32738448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic overconsumption of a high-carbohydrate diet leads to steatosis and its associated metabolic disorder and, eventually, to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) and insulin regulate de novo lipogenesis from glucose. Herein, we studied the effect of reticulon-4 (Nogo) expression on diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice. METHODS Nogo-deficient (Nogo-/-) and littermate control [wild-type (WT)] mice were fed a high-glucose or high-fructose diet (HGD/HFrD) to induce metabolic disorders. The effects of Nogo small interfering (si) RNA (siRNA) on HFrD-induced metabolic disorders were investigated in C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS HGD/HFrD induced steatosis and its associated metabolic disorders in WT mice by activating ChREBP and impairing insulin sensitivity. They also activated Nogo-B expression, which in turn inhibited insulin activity. In response to HGD/HFrD feeding, Nogo deficiency enhanced insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism to reduce the expression of ChREBP and lipogenic molecules, activated AMP-activated catalytic subunit α, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α and fibroblast growth factor 21, and reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation, thereby blocking HGD/HFrD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders. Injection of Nogo siRNA protected C57BL/6J mice against HFrD-induced metabolic disorders by ameliorating insulin sensitivity, ChREBP activity, ER stress and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified Nogo as an important mediator of insulin sensitivity and ChREBP activity. Reduction of Nogo expression is a potential strategy for the treatment of high-carbohydrate diet-induced metabolic complications. LAY SUMMARY Nogo deficiency blocks high-carbohydrate diet-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, while increasing glucose/lipid utilisation and energy expenditure. Thus, reduction of Nogo expression protects against high-carbohydrate diet-induced body-weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation and the associated metabolic disorders, indicating that approaches inhibiting Nogo expression can be applied for the treatment of diseases associated with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China; College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangling Guo
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Yu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuo Wei
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoju Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Robert Miao
- Winthrop Hospital Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China; College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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