Investigation of the role of von Willebrand factor in shear-induced platelet activation and functional alteration under high non-physiological shear stress

BACKGROUND

von Willebrand factor (vWF) plays a crucial role in physiological hemostasis through platelet and subendothelial collagen adhesion. However, its role in shear-induced platelet activation and functional alteration under non-physiological conditions common to blood-contacting medical devices (BCMDs) is not well investigated.

METHODS

Fresh healthy human blood was treated with an anti-vWF antibody to block vWF-GPIbα interaction. Untreated blood was used as a control. They were exposed to three levels of non-physiological shear stress (NPSS) (75, 125, and 175 Pa) through a shearing device with an exposure time of 0.5 s to mimic typical shear conditions in BCMDs. Flow cytometric assays were used to measure the expression levels of PAC-1 and P-Selectin and platelet aggregates for platelet activation and the expression levels of GPIbα, GPIIb/IIIa, and GPVI for receptor shedding. Collagen/ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation capacity was characterized by aggregometry.

RESULTS

The levels of platelet activation and aggregates increased with increasing NPSS in the untreated blood. More receptors were lost with increasing NPSS, resulting in a decreased capacity of collagen/ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. In contrast, the increase in platelet activation and aggregates after exposure to NPSS, even at the highest level of NPSS, was significantly lower in treated blood. Nevertheless, there was no notable difference in receptor shedding, especially for GPIIb/IIIa and GPVI, between the two blood groups at the same level of NPSS. The block of vWF exacerbated the decreased capacity of collagen/ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation.

CONCLUSIONS

High NPSS activates platelets mainly by enhancing the vWF-GPIbα interaction. Platelet activation and receptor shedding induced by high NPSS likely occur through different pathways.

Biomimetic peroxidase MOF-Fe promotes bone defect repair by inhibiting TfR2 and activating the BMP2 pathway

BACKGROUND

Large bone defects pose a clinical treatment challenge; inhibiting transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2), which is involved in iron metabolism, can promote osteogenesis. Iron-based metal-organic frameworks (MOF-Fe) particles not only inhibit TfR2 but also serve as biomimetic catalysts to remove hydrogen peroxide in reactive oxygen species (ROS); excess ROS can disrupt the normal functions of osteoblasts, thereby hindering bone regeneration. This study explored the potential effects of MOF-Fe in increasing osteogenic activity and clearing ROS.

METHODS

In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the osteogenic effects of MOF-Fe particles and assess their impact on cellular ROS levels. To further validate the role of MOF-Fe in promoting bone defect repair, we injected MOF-Fe suspensions into the femoral defects of SD rats and implanted MOF-Fe-containing hydrogel scaffolds in rabbit cranial defect models and observed their effects on bone healing.

RESULTS

In vitro, the presence of MOF-Fe significantly increased the expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins compared to those in the control group. Additionally, compared to those in the untreated control group, the cells treated with MOF-Fe exhibited a significantly increased ability to remove hydrogen peroxide from ROS and generate oxygen and water within the physiological pH range. In vivo experiments further confirmed the positive effect of MOF-Fe in promoting bone defect repair.

CONCLUSION

This study supports the application of MOF-Fe as an agent for bone regeneration, particularly for mitigating ROS and activating the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway, demonstrating its potential value.

Purine-Doped g-C3N4-Modified Fabrics for Personal Protective Masks with Rapid and Sustained Antibacterial Activity

Protective masks are critical to impeding microorganism transmission but can propagate infection via pathogen buildup and face touching. To reduce this liability, we integrated electrospun photocatalytic graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanoflakes into standard surgical masks to confer a self-sanitization capacity. By optimizing the purine/melamine precursor ratio during synthesis, we reduced the g-C3N4 band gap from 2.92 to 2.05 eV, eliciting a 4× increase in sterilizing hydrogen peroxide production under visible light. This narrower band gap enables robust photocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen species from environmental and breath humidity to swiftly eliminate accumulated microbes. Under ambient sunlight, the g-C3N4 nanocomposite mask layer achieved a 97% reduction in the bacterial viability during typical use. Because the optimized band gap also allows photocatalytic activity under shadowless lamp illumination, the self-cleaning functionality could mitigate infection risk from residual pathogens in routine hospital settings. Both g-C3N4 and polycaprolactone demonstrate favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability, making this approach preferable over current commercially available metal-based options. Given the abundance and low cost of these components, this scalable approach could expand global access to reusable self-sanitizing protective masks, serving as a sustainable public health preparedness measure against future pandemics, especially in resource-limited settings.

Microbiota metabolites in bone: Shaping health and Confronting disease

The intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and bone health has become increasingly recognized as a fundamental determinant of skeletal well-being. Microbiota-derived metabolites play a crucial role in dynamic interaction, specifically in bone homeostasis. In this sense, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, indirectly promote bone formation by regulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been found to increase the expression of osteoblast genes, such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), thus enhancing osteogenic differentiation and bone quality through BMP/SMADs and Wnt signaling pathways. Remarkably, in the context of bone infections, the role of microbiota metabolites in immune modulation and host defense mechanisms potentially affects susceptibility to infections such as osteomyelitis. Furthermore, ongoing research elucidates the precise mechanisms through which microbiota-derived metabolites influence bone cells, such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Understanding the multifaceted influence of microbiota metabolites on bone, from regulating homeostasis to modulating susceptibility to infections, has the potential to revolutionize our approach to bone health and disease management. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of this evolving field, providing a holistic perspective on the impact of microbiota metabolites on bone health and diseases.

Evaluation of force pain thresholds to ensure collision safety in worker-robot collaborative operations

With the growing demand for robots in the industrial field, robot-related technologies with various functions have been introduced. One notable development is the implementation of robots that operate in collaboration with human workers to share tasks, without the need of any physical barriers such as safety fences. The realization of such collaborative operations in practice necessitates the assurance of safety if humans and robots collide. Thus, it is important to establish criteria for such collision scenarios to ensure robot safety and prevent injuries. Collision safety must be ensured in both pinching (quasi-static contact) and impact (transient contact) situations. To this end, we measured the force pain thresholds associated with impacts and evaluated the biomechanical limitations. This measurements were obtained through clinical trials involving physical collisions between human subjects and a device designed for generating impacts, and the force pain thresholds associated with transient collisions between humans and robots were analyzed. Specifically, the force pain threshold was measured at two different locations on the bodies of 37 adults aged 19-32 years, using two impactors with different shapes. The force pain threshold was compared with the results of other relevant studies. The results can help identify biomechanical limitations in a precise and reliable manner to ensure the safety of robots in collaborative applications.

The value of T2-weighted MRI contrast ratio combined with DWI in evaluating the pathological grade of solid lung adenocarcinoma

AIM

To assess the predictive value of T2-weighted (T2W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for determining the pathological grading of solid lung adenocarcinoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The clinical and imaging data from 153 cases of solid lung adenocarcinoma (82 men, 71 women, mean age 63.2 years) confirmed at histopathology in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2017 to May 2022 were analysed retrospectively. Adenocarcinomas were classified into low-grade (G1 and G2) and high-grade (G3) groups following the 2020 pathological grading system proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. The T2-weighted contrast ratio (T2CR), calculated as the T2 signal intensity of the lung mass/nodule divided by the T2 signal intensity of the right rhomboid muscle was utilised. Two experienced radiologists reviewed the MRI images independently, measured the T2CR, and obtained apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare general characteristics (sex, age, maximum diameter), T2CR, and ADC values between the low-grade and high-grade groups. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test determined differences in T2CR and ADC values among the five adenocarcinoma subtypes. Receiver characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, along with area under the curve (AUC) calculation, assessed the effectiveness of each parameter in distinguishing the pathological grade of lung adenocarcinoma. A Z-test was used to compare the AUC values.

RESULTS

Among the 153 patients with adenocarcinoma, 103 had low-grade adenocarcinoma, and 50 had high-grade adenocarcinoma. The agreement between T2CR and ADC observers was good (0.948 and 0.929, respectively). None of the parameters followed a normal distribution (p<0.05). The ADC value was lower in the high-grade adenocarcinoma group compared to the low-grade adenocarcinoma group (p=0.004), while the T2CR value was higher in the high-grade group (p=0.011). Statistically significant differences were observed in maximum diameter and gender between the two groups (p<0.001 and p=0.005, respectively), while no significant differences were noted in age (p=0.980). Among the five adenocarcinoma subtypes, only the lepidic and micropapillary subtypes displayed statistical differences in ADC values (p=0.047), with the remaining subtypes showing no statistical differences (p>0.05). The AUC values for distinguishing high-grade adenocarcinoma from low-grade adenocarcinoma were 0.645 for ADC and 0.627 for T2CR. Combining T2CR, ADC, sex, and maximum diameter resulted in an AUC of 0.778, sensitivity of 70%, and specificity of 75%. This combination significantly improved diagnostic efficiency compared to T2CR and ADC alone (p=0.008, z = 2.624; p=0.007, z = 2.679).

CONCLUSION

The MRI quantitative parameters are useful for distinguishing the pathological grades of solid lung adenocarcinoma, offering valuable insights for precise lung cancer treatment.

Inhibition of TREM-1 alleviates neuroinflammation by modulating microglial polarization via SYK/p38MAPK signaling pathway after traumatic brain injury

BACKGROUND

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), as a major public health problem, is characterized by high incidence rate, disability rate, and mortality rate. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of TBI. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is recognized as an amplifier of the inflammation in diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). However, the function of TREM-1 remains unclear post-TBI. This study aimed to investigate the function of TREM-1 in neuroinflammation induced by TBI.

METHODS

Brain water content (BWC), modified neurological severity score (mNSS), and Morris Water Maze (MWM) were measured to evaluate the effect of TREM-1 inhibition on nervous system function and outcome after TBI. TREM-1 expression in vivo was evaluated by Western blotting. The cellular localization of TREM-1 in the damaged region was observed via immunofluorescence staining. We also conducted Western blotting to examine expression of SYK, p-SYK and other downstream proteins.

RESULTS

We found that inhibition of TREM-1 reduced brain edema, decreased mNSS and improved neurobehavioral outcomes after TBI. It was further determined that TREM-1 was expressed on microglia and modulated subtype transition of microglia. Inhibition of TREM-1 alleviated neuroinflammation, which was associated with SYK/p38MAPK signaling pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that TREM-1 can be a potential clinical therapeutic target for alleviating neuroinflammation after TBI.

Risk Factors Asscociated with Hypokalemia during Postanesthesia Recovery and Its Impact on Outcomes in Gynecological Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Study

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the risk factors and outcomes of hypokalemia during the recovery period from anesthesia in the gynecological population.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included 208 patients who underwent gynecological surgery at our institution between January 2021 and March 2022. Data were collected for each patient, including demographics, disease status, surgical data, and clinical information. Preoperative bowel preparation, postoperative gastrointestinal function, and electrolyte levels were compared between the two groups using propensity score matching (PSM).

RESULTS

The incidence of hypokalemia (serum potassium level <3.5 mmol/L) during the recovery period from anesthesia was approximately 43.75%. After PSM, oral laxative use (96.4% vs. 82.4%, P=0.005), the number of general enemas (P=0.014), and the rate of ≥2 general enemas (92.9% vs. 77.8%, P=0.004) were identified as risk factors for hypokalemia, which was accompanied by decreased PaCO2 and hypocalcemia. There were no significant differences in postoperative gastrointestinal outcomes, such as the time to first flatus or feces, the I-FEED score (a scoring system was created to evaluate impaired postoperative gastrointestinal function), or postoperative recovery outcomes, between the hypokalemia group and the normal serum potassium group.

CONCLUSION

Hypokalemia during postanesthesia recovery period occurred in 43.75% of gynecological patients, which resulted from preoperative mechanical bowel preparation; however, it did not directly affect clinical outcomes, including postoperative gastrointestinal function, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay.

Bioengineering autologous cartilage grafts for functional posterior lamellar eyelid reconstruction: A preliminary study in rabbits

The reconstruction of posterior lamellar eyelid defects remains a significant challenge in clinical practice due to anatomical complexity, specialized function, and aesthetic concerns. The ideal substitute for the posterior lamellar should replicate the native tarsoconjunctival tissue, providing both mechanical support for the eyelids and a smooth surface for the globe after implantation. In this study, we present an innovative approach utilizing tissue-engineered cartilage (TEC) grafts generated from rabbit auricular chondrocytes and a commercialized type I collagen sponge to reconstruct critical-sized posterior lamellar defects in rabbits. The TEC grafts demonstrated remarkable mechanical strength and maintained a stable cartilaginous phenotype both in vitro and at 6 months post-implantation in immunodeficient mice. When employed as autografts to reconstruct tarsal plate defects in rabbits' upper eyelids, these TEC grafts successfully restored normal eyelid morphology, facilitated smooth eyelid movement, and preserved the histological structure of the conjunctival epithelium. When applied in bilayered tarsoconjunctival defect reconstruction, these TEC grafts not only maintained the normal contour of the upper eyelid but also supported conjunctival epithelial cell migration and growth from the defect margin towards the centre. These findings highlight that auricular chondrocyte-based TEC grafts hold great promise as potential candidates for clinical posterior lamellar reconstruction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The complex structure and function of the posterior lamellar eyelid continue to be significant challenges for clinical reconstructive surgeries. In this study, we utilized autologous auricular chondrocyte-based TEC grafts for posterior lamellar eyelid reconstruction in a preclinical rabbit model. The TEC grafts exhibited native cartilaginous histomorphology and comparable mechanical strength to those of the native human tarsal plate. In rabbit models with either tarsal plate defects alone or bilayered tarsoconjunctival defects, TEC grafts successfully restored the normal eyelid contour and movement, as well as supported preservation and growth of conjunctival epithelium. This is the first study to demonstrate autologous TEC grafts can be employed for repairing tarsal plate defects, thereby offering an alternative therapeutic approach for treating posterior lamellar defects in clinic settings.

Study of the flavor dissipation mechanism of soy-sauce-marinated beef using flavor matrices

Soy sauce-based marinade beef (SSMB) is a traditional Chinese cuisine with a unique flavor. However, pre-precooling and air-cooling tunnels are necessary industrial units in the cold chain for flavor dissipation. Sensory-directed flavor analysis was performed to identify the key aroma-active compounds in SSMB that had just completed (100 ℃), pre-cooled in the brine tanks (45 ℃), and exited the air-cooleded tunnel (10 ℃). We identified 110 aroma-active substances, of which 42 were quantified based on their high flavor dilution factors. Recombination and omission tests identified 29 odorants as the main aroma-active molecules. Additionally, the flavor matrix revealed the relationship between the aroma component expression and sensory attributes. Flavor substances derived from spices, such as eugenol, anethole, and linalool, are enriched during the pre-cooling stage. The different meat attributes of the three samples were primarily related to aldehydes generated from lipid oxidation.

An Analysis of Positron Emission Tomography Maximum Standard Uptake Value Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Receiving Photon and Proton Radiation

PURPOSE

One main advantage of proton therapy versus photon therapy is its precise radiation delivery to targets without exit dose, resulting in lower dose to surrounding healthy tissues. This is critical, given the proximity of head and neck tumors to normal structures. However, proton planning requires careful consideration of factors, including air-tissue interface, anatomic uncertainties, surgical artifacts, weight fluctuations, rapid tumor response, and daily variations in setup and anatomy, as these heterogeneities can lead to inaccuracies in targeting and creating unwarranted hotspots to a greater extent than photon radiation. In addition, the elevated relative biological effectiveness at the Bragg peak's distal end can also increase hot spots within and outside the target area.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

The purpose of this study was to evaluate for a difference in positron emission tomography (PET) standard uptake value (SUV) after definitive treatment, between intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and intensity modulated photon therapy (IMRT). In addition, we compared the biologic dose between PET areas of high and low uptake within the clinical target volume-primary of patients treated with IMPT. This work is assuming that the greater SUV may potentially result in greater toxicities. For the purposes of this short communication, we are strictly focusing on the SUV and do not have correlation with toxicity outcomes. To accomplish this, we compared the 3- and 6-month posttreatment fluorodeoxyglucose PET scans for 100 matched patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated definitively without surgery using either IMPT (n = 50) or IMRT (n = 50).

RESULTS

Our study found a significant difference in biologic dose between the high- and low-uptake regions on 3-month posttreatment scans of IMPT. However, this difference did not translate to a significant difference in PET uptake in the clinical target volume-primary at 3 and 6 months' follow-up between patients who received IMPT versus IMRT.

CONCLUSIONS

Studies have proposed that proton's greater relative biological effectiveness at the Bragg peak could lead to tissue inflammation. Our study did not corroborate these findings. This study's conclusion underscores the need for further investigations with ultimate correlation with clinical toxicity outcomes.

A Wnt10a-Notch signaling axis controls Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cell behaviors during root furcation patterning

Human with bi-allelic WNT10A mutations and epithelial Wnt10a knockout mice present enlarged pulp chamber and apical displacement of the root furcation of multi-rooted teeth, known as taurodontism; thus, indicating the critical role of Wnt10a in tooth root morphogenesis. However, the endogenous mechanism by which epithelial Wnt10a regulates Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cellular behaviors and contributes to root furcation patterning remains unclear. In this study, we found that HERS in the presumptive root furcating region failed to elongate at an appropriate horizontal level in K14-Cre;Wnt10afl/fl mice from post-natal day 0.5 (PN0.5) to PN4.5. EdU assays and immunofluorescent staining of cyclin D1 revealed significantly decreased proliferation activity of inner enamel epithelial (IEE) cells of HERS in K14-Cre;Wnt10afl/fl mice at PN2.5 and PN3.5. Immunofluorescent staining of E-Cadherin and acetyl-α-Tubulin demonstrated that the IEE cells of HERS tended to divide perpendicularly to the horizontal plane, which impaired the horizontal extension of HERS in the presumptive root furcating region of K14-Cre;Wnt10afl/fl mice. RNA-seq and immunofluorescence showed that the expressions of Jag1 and Notch2 were downregulated in IEE cells of HERS in K14-Cre;Wnt10afl/fl mice. Furthermore, after activation of Notch signaling in K14-Cre;Wnt10afl/fl molars by Notch2 adenovirus and kidney capsule grafts, the root furcation defect was partially rescued. Taken together, our study demonstrates that an epithelial Wnt10a-Notch signaling axis is crucial for modulating HERS cell proper proliferation and horizontal-oriented division during tooth root furcation morphogenesis.

Cluster of Differentiation-44-Targeting Prussian Blue Nanoparticles Onloaded with Colchicine for Atherosclerotic Plaque Regression in a Mice Model

Atherosclerosis management heavily relies on the suppression of the inflammatory response of macrophages. Colchicine's potent anti-inflammatory properties make it a promising candidate for secondary prevention against cardiovascular disease. However, its high toxicity and numerous adverse effects limit its clinical use. To address this, there is an urgent need for specific drug delivery systems to boost the level of accumulation of colchicine within atherosclerotic plaques. In this study, the cluster of differentiation-44 receptor was verified to be overexpressed in inflammatory macrophages within plaques both in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, a Prussian blue-based nanomedical loading system with hyaluronic acid (HA) coating was constructed, and its effects were observed on the atherosclerosis regression. Colchicine and Cy5.5 were encapsulated within Prussian blue nanoparticles through self-assembly, followed by conjugation with hyaluronic acid to create col@PBNP@HA. The formulated col@PBNP@HA displayed a cubic shape and scattered distribution. Importantly, col@PBNP@HA demonstrated specific cellular uptake into lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. In vitro experiments showed that col@PBNP@HA more effectively inhibited expression of inflammatory factors and scavenged reactive oxygen species compared with the control group, which were treated with colchicine. Furthermore, col@PBNP@HA exhibited its specific and higher accumulation in aortic plaque analysis via fluorescence imaging of aortas. After 4 weeks, administration of col@PBNP@HA resulted in significant atherosclerosis regression in the mice model, with therapeutic effects superior to those of free colchicine. Similar to colchicine, col@PBNP@HA inhibited the secretion of inflammation factors and scavenged ROS through the regulation of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. In summary, col@PBNP@HA demonstrated specific targeting ability to inflammatory plaques and exerted beneficial effects on atherosclerosis regression through TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB and PGC-1α modulation.

Ultrahigh Lithium Selective Transport in Two-Dimensional Confined Ice

Inspired by selective ion transport in biological membrane proteins, researchers developed artificial ion channels that sieve monovalent cations, catering to the increasing lithium demand. In this work, we engineered an ion transport channel based on the confined ice within two-dimensional (2D) capillaries and found that the permselectivity of monovalent cations depends on the anisotropy of the confined ice. Particularly, the 2D confined ice showed an anomalous lithium selective transport along the (002) direction in the vermiculite capillary, with the Li+/Na+ and Li+/K+ permselectivity reaching up to 556 ± 86 and 901 ± 172, respectively, superior to most ion-selective channels. However, the 2D confined ice along the (100) direction showed less Li+ permselectivity. Additionally, the anisotropy of 2D confined ice can be tuned by adjusting the interlayer spacing. By providing insights into the ion transport in the 2D confined ice, our work may inspire more design of monovalent ion-selective channels for efficient lithium separation.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

BACKGROUND

The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, and the death toll continues to surge. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on mortality in patients with COVID-19.

METHODS

A systematic search was made of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov, without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on treatment of COVID-19 with MSCs, compared with placebo or blank, were reviewed. Studies were pooled to risk ratios (RRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS

Seventeen RCTs (enrolling 1019 participants) met the inclusion criteria. MSCs showed significant effect on 28-day mortality (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.93; P = 0.008). There was no statistically significant difference in 60-day mortality (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.09; P = 0.22), and 90-day mortality (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.15; P = 0.44) between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS

MSCs significantly reduced 28-day mortality in patients with COVID-19. The long-term effect of MSCs on mortality require further study.

PRMT7-Dependent Transcriptional Activation of Hmgb2 Aggravates Severe Acute Pancreatitis by Promoting Acsl1-Induced Ferroptosis

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a highly fatal abdominal emergency, and its association with protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7), the sole known type III enzyme responsible for the monomethylation of arginine residue, remains unexplored. In this study, we observe an increase in the PRMT7 levels in the pancreas of SAP mice and Cerulein-LPS-stimulated AR42J cells. Overexpression of Prmt7 exacerbated pancreatic damage in SAP, while the inhibition of PRMT7 improved SAP-induced pancreatic damage. Furthermore, PRMT7 overexpression promoted inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis during SAP. Mechanically, PRMT7 catalyzed monomethylation at histone H4 arginine 3 (H4R3me1) at the promoter region of high mobility group proteins 2 (HMGB2), thereby enhancing its transcriptional activity. Subsequently, HMGB2 facilitated Acyl CoA synthase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) transcription by binding to its promoter region, resulting in the activation of ferroptosis. Inhibition of PRMT7 effectively alleviated ferroptosis in Cerulein-LPS-induced AR42J cells by suppressing the HMGB2-ACSL1 pathway. Overall, our study reveals that PRMT7 plays a crucial role in promoting SAP through its regulation of the HMGB2-ACSL1 pathway to accelerate ferroptosis.

Tanshinone IIA attenuates osteoarthritis via inhibiting aberrant angiogenesis in subchondral bone

Excessive angiogenesis in subchondral bone is a pathological feature of osteoarthritis (OA). Tanshinone IIA (TIIA), an active compound found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, demonstrates significant anti-angiogenic properties. However, the effect of TIIA on abnormal subchondral angiogenesis in OA is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of TIIA in modulating subchondral bone angiogenesis during OA and assess its therapeutic potential in OA. Our findings demonstrate that TIIA attenuated articular cartilage degeneration, normalized subchondral bone remodeling, and effectively suppressed aberrant angiogenesis within subchondral bone in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA mice. Additionally, the angiogenesis capacity of primary CD31hiEmcnhi endothelial cells was observed to be significantly reduced after treatment with TIIA in vitro. Mechanically, TIIA diminished the proportion of hypertrophic chondrocytes, ultimately leading to a substantial reduction in the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). The supernatant of hypertrophic chondrocytes promoted the tube formation of CD31hiEMCNhi endothelial cells, whereas TIIA inhibited this process. Furthermore, TIIA effectively suppressed the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) along with its downstream MAPK pathway in CD31hiEmcnhi endothelial cells. In conclusion, our data indicated that TIIA could effectively inhibit the abnormal angiogenesis in subchondral bone during the progression of OA by suppressing the VEGFA/VEFGR2/MAPK pathway. These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the abnormal angiogenesis in OA and offer a promising therapeutic target for OA treatment.

Remdesivir for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Children: A Phase 2/3 Study

OBJECTIVES

Remdesivir decreases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection progressing to severe disease in adults. This study evaluated remdesivir safety and pharmacokinetics in infants and children.

METHODS

This was a phase 2/3, open-label trial in children aged 28 days to 17 years hospitalized for polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants received for ≤10 days once-daily intravenous remdesivir doses defined using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (for ≥40 kg, 200 mg day 1, then 100 mg/day; for age ≥28 days and ≥3 to <40 kg, 5 mg/kg day 1, then 2.5 mg/kg/day). Sparse pharmacokinetic samples were analyzed using population-pharmacokinetic approaches for remdesivir and metabolites GS-704277 and GS-441524.

RESULTS

Among 53 participants, at enrollment the median (Q1, Q3) number of days of COVID-19 symptoms was 5 (3, 7) and hospitalization was 1 (1, 3). Underlying conditions included obesity in 19 (37%), asthma in 11 (21%), and cardiac disorders in 11 (21%). Median duration of remdesivir treatment was 5 days (range, 1-10). Remdesivir treatment had no new apparent safety trends. Two participants discontinued treatment because of adverse events including elevated transaminases; both had elevated transaminases at baseline. Three deaths occurred during treatment (and 1 after). When compared with phase 3 adult data, estimated mean pediatric parameters (area under the concentration-time curve over 1 dosing interval, AUCτ, Cmax, and Cτ) were largely overlapping but modestly increased (remdesivir, 33%-129%; GS-704277, 37%-124%; GS-441524, 0%-60%). Recovery occurred for 62% of participants on day 10 and 83% at last assessment.

CONCLUSIONS

In infants and children with COVID-19, the doses of remdesivir evaluated provided drug exposure similar to adult dosing. In this study with a small sample size, no new safety concerns were observed.

Improving Image Quality and Nodule Characterization in Ultra-low-dose Lung CT with Deep Learning Image Reconstruction

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE

To investigate the influence of the deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) on the image quality and quantitative analysis of pulmonary nodules under ultra-low dose lung CT conditions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This was a prospective study with patient consent and included 56 patients with suspected pulmonary nodules. Patients were examined by both standard-dose CT (SDCT) and ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT). SDCT images were reconstructed with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V 40% (ASIR-V40%) (group A), while ULDCT images were reconstructed using ASIR-V40% (group B) and high-strength DLIR (DLIR-H) (group C). The three image sets were analyzed using a commercial computer aided diagnosis (CAD) software. Parameters such as nodule length, width, density, volume, risk, and classification were measured. The CAD quantitative data of different nodule types (solid, calcified, and subsolid nodules) and nodule image quality scores evaluated by two physicians on a 5-point scale were compared.

RESULT

The radiation dose in ULDCT was 0.25 ± 0.08mSv, 7.2% that of the 3.48 ± 1.08mSv in SDCT (P < 0.001). 104 pulmonary nodules were detected (51/53 solid, 26/24 calcified and 27/27 subsolid in Groups A and (B&C), respectively). Group B had lower density for solid, calcified nodules, and lower volume and risk for subsolid nodules than Group A, while Group C had lower density for calcified nodules (P < 0.05), There were no significant differences in other parameters among the three groups (P > 0.05). Group A and C had similar image quality for nodules and were higher than Group B (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

DLIR-H significantly improves image quality than ASIR-V40% and maintains similar nodule detection and characterization with CAD in ULDCT compared to SDCT.

In-Vivo Evaluation of a Novel Integrated Pediatric Pump Lung in a 30 Day Ovine Animal Model

Recently there has been increased use of mechanical circulatory support in pediatric patients as a bridge to cardiopulmonary recovery or transplantation. However, there are few devices that are optimized and approved for use in pediatric patients. We designed and prototyped a novel integrated pediatric pump lung (PPL) that underwent 30 day in-vivo testing in seven juvenile Dorset Hybrid sheep. Devices were implanted in a right atrial to pulmonary artery configuration. Six of seven sheep survived with a device functioning for 25-35 days. The device flow rate was maintained at 2.08 ± 0.34 to 2.54 ± 0.16 L/min with oxygen transfer of 109.8 ± 24.8 to 151.2 ± 26.2 ml/min over the study duration. Aside from a postoperative drop in hematocrit, all hematologic and blood chemistry test values returned to normal ranges after 1-2 weeks postoperatively. Similarly, lactate dehydrogenase increased postoperatively and returned to baseline. In two sheep, there were early device failures due to oxygenator thrombosis on postoperative days zero and five; they then had oxygenator exchanges with subsequent devices performing stably for 30 days. This study demonstrated that the integrated PPL device exhibited stable performance and acceptable biocompatibility in a 30 day ovine model.

HnRNPR-mediated UPF3B mRNA splicing drives hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis

INTRODUCTION

Abnormal alternative splicing (AS) contributes to aggressive intrahepatic invasion and metastatic spread, leading to the high lethality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to investigate the functional implications of UPF3B-S (a truncated oncogenic splice variant) in HCC metastasis.

METHODS

Basescope assay was performed to analyze the expression of UPF3B-S mRNA in tissues and cells. RNA immunoprecipitation, and in vitro and in vivo models were used to explore the role of UPF3B-S and the underlying mechanisms.

RESULTS

We show that splicing factor HnRNPR binds to the pre-mRNA of UPF3B via its RRM2 domain to generate an exon 8 exclusion truncated splice variant UPF3B-S. High expression of UPF3B-S is correlated with tumor metastasis and unfavorable overall survival in patients with HCC. The knockdown of UPF3B-S markedly suppresses the invasive and migratory capacities of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, UPF3B-S protein targets the 3'-UTR of CDH1 mRNA to enhance the degradation of CDH1 mRNA, which results in the downregulation of E-cadherin and the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Overexpression of UPF3B-S enhances the dephosphorylation of LATS1 and the nuclear accumulation of YAP1 to trigger the Hippo signaling pathway.

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest that HnRNPR-induced UPF3B-S promotes HCC invasion and metastasis by exhausting CDH1 mRNA and modulating YAP1-Hippo signaling. UPF3B-S could potentially serve as a promising biomarker for the clinical management of invasive HCC.

Highly Optically Selective and Thermally Insulating Porous Calcium Silicate Composite SiO2 Aerogel Coating for Daytime Radiative Cooling

Daytime radiative cooling technology offers a low-carbon, environmentally friendly, and nonpower-consuming approach to realize building energy conservation. It is important to design materials with high solar reflectivity and high infrared emissivity in atmospheric windows. Herein, a porous calcium silicate composite SiO2 aerogel water-borne coating with strong passive radiative cooling and high thermal insulation properties is proposed, which shows an exceptional solar reflectance of 94%, high sky window emissivity of 96%, and 0.0854 W/m·K thermal conductivity. On the SiO2/CaSiO3 radiative cooling coating (SiO2-CS-coating), a strategy is proposed to enhance the atmospheric window emissivity by lattice resonance, which is attributed to the eight-membered ring structure of porous calcium silicate, thereby increasing the atmospheric window emissivity. In the daytime test (solar irradiance 900W/m2, ambient temperature 43 °C, wind speed 0.53 m/s, humidity 25%), the temperature inside the box can achieve a cooling temperature of 13 °C lower than that of the environment, which is 30 °C, and the theoretical cooling power is 96 W/m2. Compared with the commercial white coating, SiO2-CS-coating can save 70 kW·h of electric energy in 1 month, and the energy consumption is reduced by 36%. The work provides a scalable, widely applicable radiative-cooling coating for building comfort, which can greatly reduce indoor temperatures and is suitable for building surfaces.

METTL14 depletion ameliorates ferroptosis in severe acute pancreatitis by increasing the N6-methyladenosine modification of ACSL4 and STA1

Methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) is implicated in the regulation of various inflammatory disorders. However, its function and molecular mechanism in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) remains unrevealed. Here we reported an increase in METTL14 in the pancreas of SAP mice and cerulein-LPS-treated AR42J cells. METTL14 depletion reversed inflammatory response and ferroptosis by reducing the expression of SAT1 (spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1) and ACSL4 (acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4) in an m6A-dependent manner. IGF2BP2 (insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2) could recognize m6A-modified SAT1 and ACSL4 mRNA and enhance their stability. Moreover, METTL14 depletion ameliorated pancreatic injury, inflammation, and ferroptosis induced by SAP. METTL14 overexpression aggravated SAP by promoting ferroptosis in vivo. Therefore, these results demonstrated that METTL14-induced ferroptosis promoted the progression of SAP, and targeting METTL14 or ferroptosis could be a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of SAP.

Synchronous fluorescence detection of nitrite in meat products based on dual-emitting dye@MOF and its portable hydrogel test kit

A novel ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe (Rh6G@UIO-66-NH2) was fabricated for efficient nitrite (NO2-) detection in the present study. When NO2- was introduced, it interacted with the amino groups on the surface of Rh6G@UIO-66-NH2, forming diazonium salts that led to the quenching of blue fluorescence. With this strategy, a good linear relationship between NO2- concentration and the fluorescent intensity ratio of the nanoprobe in the range of 1-100 μM was established, with a detection limit of 0.021 μM. This dual-readout nanosensor was applied to analyze the concentration of NO2- in real meat samples, achieving satisfactory recovery rates of 94.72-104.52%, highlighting the practical potential of this method. Furthermore, a portable Gel/Rh6G@UIO-66-NH2 hydrogel test kit was constructed for on-spot dual-mode detection of NO2-. This kit allows for convenient colorimetric analysis and fluorometric detection when used in conjunction with a smartphone. All the photos taken with the portable kit was converted into digital information using ImageJ software. It provides colorimetric and fluorescent visual detection of NO2- over a range of 0.1-1.5 mM, achieving a direct quantitative tool for NO2- identification. This methodology presents a promising strategy for NO2- detection and expands the application prospects for on-spot monitoring of food safety assessment.

Computational fluid dynamics-based design and in vitro characterization of a novel pediatric pump-lung

BACKGROUND

Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to provide temporary support for pediatric patients suffering severe respiratory or cardiac failure since 1970, ECMO systems specifically designed for pediatric patients, particularly for long-term use, remain an unmet clinical need. We sought to develop a new pediatric ECMO system, that is, pediatric pump-lung (PPL), consisting of a unique cylinder oxygenator with an outside-in radial flow path and a centrifugal pump.

METHODS

Computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze the blood fluid field for optimized biocompatible and gas exchange performances in terms of flow characteristics, hemolysis, and gas transfer efficiency. Ovine blood was used for in vitro hemolysis and gas transfer testing.

RESULTS

Both the computational and experimental data showed that the pressure drop through the PPL's oxygenator is significantly low, even at a flow rate of more than 3.5 L/min. The PPL showed better hemolysis performance than a commercial ECMO circuit consisting of the Quadrox-iD pediatric oxygenator and the Rotaflow pump at a 3.5 L/min flow rate and 250 mm Hg afterload pressure. The oxygen transfer rate of the PPL can reach over 200 mL/min at a flow rate of 3.5 L/min.

CONCLUSIONS

The PPL has the potential to provide adequate blood pumping and excellent respiratory support with minimal risk of hemolysis for a wide range of pediatric patients.

Noise Reduction in Photoplethysmography Signals Using a Convolutional Denoising Autoencoder With Unconventional Training Scheme

OBJECTIVE

We propose an efficient approach based on a convolutional denoising autoencoder (CDA) network to reduce motion and noise artifacts (MNA) from corrupted atrial fibrillation (AF) and non-AF photoplethysmography (PPG) data segments so that an accurate PPG-signal-derived heart rate can be obtained. Our method's main innovation is the optimization of the CDA performance for both rhythms using more AF than non-AF data for training the AF-specific CDA model and vice versa for the non-AF CDA network.

METHODS

To evaluate this unconventional training scheme, our proposed network was trained and tested on 25-sec PPG data segments from 48 subjects from two different databases-the Pulsewatch dataset and Stanford University's publicly available PPG dataset. In total, our dataset contains 10,773 data segments: 7,001 segments for training and 3,772 independent segments from out-of-sample subjects for testing.

RESULTS

Using real-life corrupted PPG segments, our approach significantly reduced the average heart rate root mean square error (RMSE) of the reconstructed PPG segments by 45.74% and 23% compared to the corrupted non-AF and AF data, respectively. Further, our approach exhibited lower RMSE, and higher sensitivity and PPV for detected peaks compared to the reconstructed data produced by the alternative methods.

CONCLUSION

These results show the promise of our approach as a reliable denoising method, which should be used prior to AF detection algorithms for an accurate cardiac health monitoring involving wearable devices.

SIGNIFICANCE

PPG signals collected from wearables are vulnerable to MNA, which limits their use as a reliable measurement, particularly in uncontrolled real-life environments.

Retraction: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C in renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with pathological parameters and prognosis

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-970.].

AVCAPIR: A Novel Procalcific PIWI-Interacting RNA in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

BACKGROUND

Calcification of the aortic valve leads to increased leaflet stiffness and consequently results in the development of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). However, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of calcification remain unclear. Here, we identified a novel aortic valve calcification-associated PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA; AVCAPIR) that increases valvular calcification and promotes CAVD progression.

METHODS

Using piRNA sequencing, we identified piRNAs contributing to the pathogenesis of CAVD that we termed AVCAPIRs. High-cholesterol diet-fed ApoE-/- mice with AVCAPIR knockout were used to examine the role of AVCAPIR in aortic valve calcification (AVC). Gain- and loss-of-function assays were conducted to determine the role of AVCAPIR in the induced osteogenic differentiation of human valvular interstitial cells. To dissect the mechanisms underlying AVCAPIR-elicited procalcific effects, we performed various analyses, including an RNA pulldown assay followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, and RNA sequencing. RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to study piRNA interactions with proteins.

RESULTS

We found that AVCAPIR was significantly upregulated during AVC and exhibited potential diagnostic value for CAVD. AVCAPIR deletion markedly ameliorated AVC in high-cholesterol diet-fed ApoE-/- mice, as shown by reduced thickness and calcium deposition in the aortic valve leaflets, improved echocardiographic parameters (decreased peak transvalvular jet velocity and mean transvalvular pressure gradient, as well as increased aortic valve area), and diminished levels of osteogenic markers (Runx2 and Osterix) in aortic valves. These results were confirmed in osteogenic medium-induced human valvular interstitial cells. Using unbiased protein-RNA screening and molecular validation, we found that AVCAPIR directly interacts with FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein), subsequently blocking its N6-methyladenosine demethylase activity. Further transcriptomic and N6-methyladenosine modification epitranscriptomic screening and molecular validation confirmed that AVCAPIR hindered FTO-mediated demethylation of CD36 mRNA transcripts, thus enhancing CD36 mRNA stability through the N6-methyladenosine reader IGF2BP1 (insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein). In turn, the AVCAPIR-dependent increase in CD36 stabilizes its binding partner PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9), a procalcific gene, at the protein level, which accelerates the progression of AVC.

CONCLUSIONS

We identified a novel piRNA that induced AVC through an RNA epigenetic mechanism and provide novel insights into piRNA-directed theranostics in CAVD.

Enhancement of Stopping Power Ratio (SPR) Estimation Accuracy through Image-Domain Dual-Energy Computer Tomography for Pencil Beam Scanning System: A Simulation Study

Our study aims to quantify the impact of spectral separation on achieved theoretical prediction accuracy of proton-stopping power when the volume discrepancy between calibration phantom and scanned object is observed. Such discrepancy can be commonly seen in our CSI pediatric patients. One of the representative image-domain DECT models is employed on a virtual phantom to derive electron density and effective atomic number for a total of 34 ICRU standard human tissues. The spectral pairs used in this study are 90 kVp/140 kVp, without and with 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm additional tin filter. The two DECT images are reconstructed via a conventional filtered back projection algorithm (FBP) on simulated noiseless projection data. The best-predicted accuracy occurs at a spectral pair of 90 kVp/140 kVp with a 0.3 mm tin filter, and the root-mean-squared average error is 0.12% for tissue substitutes. The results reveal that the selected image-domain model is sensitive to spectral pair deviation when there is a discrepancy between calibration and scanning conditions. This study suggests that an optimization process may be needed for clinically available DECT scanners to yield the best proton-stopping power estimation.

Novel JAG1 variants leading to Alagille syndrome in two Chinese cases

Alagille Syndrome (ALGS) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by cholestasis, congenital cardiac anomalies, and butterfly vertebrae. The variable phenotypic expression of ALGS can lead to challenges in accurately diagnosing affected infants, potentially resulting in misdiagnoses or underdiagnoses. This study highlights novel JAG1 gene mutations in two cases of ALGS. The first case with a novel p.Pro325Leufs*87 variant was diagnosed at 2 months of age and exhibited a favorable prognosis and an unexpected manifestation of congenital hypothyroidism. Before the age of 2, the second patient was incorrectly diagnosed with liver structural abnormalities, necessitating extensive treatment. In addition, he exhibited delays in language acquisition that may have been a result of SNAP25 haploinsufficiency. The identification of ALGS remains challenging, highlighting the importance of early detection and genetic testing for effective patient management. The variant p.Pro325Leufs*87 is distinct from reported variants linked to congenital hypothyroidism in ALGS patients, thereby further confirming the clinical and genetic complexity of ALGS. This emphasizes the critical need for individualized and innovative approaches to diagnosis and medical interventions, uniquely intended to address the complexity of this syndrome.

Exploring perioperative risk factors for poor recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function following gynecological surgery: A retrospective cohort study

Purpose

To investigate perioperative risk factors that affect the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing gynecological surgery and to establish a preoperative risk prediction scoring system.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, characteristics and perioperative factors of patients who underwent elective gynecological surgery at Union Hospital from January 2021 to March 2022 were extracted from electronic medical records. Patients were grouped according to the Intake, Feeling nauseated, Emesis, physical Exam, and Duration of symptoms (I-FEED) scoring system to compare collected data.

Results

In total, clinical data from 208 gynecological patients were extracted. The incidence of poor postoperative gastrointestinal recovery was 7.21 %. The number of previous abdominal surgeries (0.73 ± 0.06 vs 1.20 ± 0.24, p = 0.044), the incidence of malignant disease (20.2 % vs 53.3 %, p = 0.003), postoperative maximum WBC count (9.15 vs 12.44, p = 0.005) and postoperative minimum potassium (3.97 ± 0.36 vs 3.76 ± 0.37, p = 0.036) were not only associated with poor postoperative gastrointestinal recovery, but also malignant disease (p = 0.000), postoperative maximum WBC count (p = 0.027) and postoperative minimum potassium (p = 0.024) were significantly associated with the severity of postoperative gastrointestinal function. An increased number of previous abdominal surgeries and malignant primary disease could increase the risk of an I-FEED score >2 as independent risk factors.

Conclusion

Patients with poor postoperative GI function had poorer postoperative recovery outcomes. A preoperative score prediction system was established, in which patients with ≥2 points had a 19.4 % risk of poor postoperative gastrointestinal recovery. Higher-quality prospective studies should be performed to achieve more precise risk stratification and to construct a more accurate prediction system.

Association Between Epidural Labor Analgesia and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose

Many studies have focused on the association between Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epidural labor analgesia (ELA), which is the most effective way to manage labor pain. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to summarize the current state of the association between ELA and ASD.

Methods

A search of the literature yielded 201 relevant studies, of which 7 cohort studies met our inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers screened the inclusion results, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias and quality of evidence.

Results

Compared to parturient who did not receive ELA, parturient who received ELA had a slightly increased risk of ASD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.17; I2, 69%; P < 0.001; seven studies). After excluding one literature (aHR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06-1.12; I2, 4%; P < 0.001; six studies). The sensitivity analyses had consistent outcomes with the main analyses involving siblings (aHR 1.11; 95% CI 1.03-1.19), cesarean section and instrumental deliveries (aHR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03-1.10), non-overlapping populations (aHR 1.09; 95% CI 1.05-1.12), full-term birth populations (aHR 1.10; 95% CI 1.06-1.14), and studies assessed to have moderate risk of bias (aHR 1.09; 95% CI 1.02-1.16).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis revealed a modest positive association between ELA and ASD, acknowledging a slight potential risk. However, it is important to note that this risk cannot be completely dismissed due to the possibility of bias and this association is based on low-quality evidence. Future studies are required to assess and mitigate different confounding biases and investigate the time-dose-response relationship.

MRI-Based Interstitial Fluid Velocity Analysis for Drug Delivery Efficiency Evaluation in Tumor

There are many flow behaviors in solid tumors, including intravascular, bloodstream, and interstitial convection. Studies have shown that tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) is an important part of tumor microenvironment regulation and affects drug delivery and metabolism between tumor cells. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is suitable for detecting the flow rates of liquids in tissues. Clinical phase contrast PC-MRI technology has been designed to observe the blood flow in large vessels such as arteries and veins; however, it is not sensitive enough to deal with slow flow velocity. Our previously developed vertical plane echo PC-MRI technology, the Velocity Mapping sequence, improved the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for measuring slow interstitial fluid rate. In this study, this sequence was used to determine the TIF flow rate in MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor cells used in BALB/c nude male mice. Two different sizes of contrast agents were intravenously injected, and the relationship between their distribution and the TIF flow rate was studied for the first time. Combining the results of clinical scanning showed that small-molecule DTPA-Gd (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-gadolinium) was distributed immediately around the tumor margin after the injection. This distribution was positively correlated to the high flow rate area of the TIF before administration. In contrast, nanoparticles NaGdF4-PEG (polyethylene glycol) entered the tumor and reached their peak at 3 h. Drug distribution was negatively correlated with the high-flow-rate region of the TIF. Investigation of the TIF velocity can help better understand the fluid behavior in tumors and its role in drug delivery.

Efficacy of Morning Versus Evening Latanoprost/Timolol Fixed Combination for Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Purpose

To compare the efficacy of morning and evening latanoprost/timolol fixed-combination (LTFC) dosing in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension.

Methods

In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 63 untreated Chinese patients with POAG and ocular hypertension were enrolled. All patients received LTFC and were randomized (1:1) to group 1, morning (8 AM) dosing, or group 2, evening (8 PM) dosing. Vehicle drops were used in the morning or evening, accordingly, to preserve masking. Patients were treated for 4 weeks. Outcomes included mean reduction of the 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) and IOP fluctuation from baseline after a 4-week treatment.

Results

Fifty-six patients were included in the final analysis. In both groups, the posttreatment IOP values were significantly lower than those at baseline at each 24-hour measuring time point. A significant difference between the groups in IOP reduction from baseline was observed at the 9:30 AM time point (4.01 ± 2.62 vs. 2.42 ± 3.23 mm Hg, evening dosing versus morning dosing group; P = 0.048). Both groups showed decreased IOP fluctuation after treatment. However, the morning dosing group had a significantly greater decrease in diurnal IOP fluctuation than that of the evening dosing group (2.04 ± 2.32 mm Hg vs. 0.50 ± 1.70 mm Hg, respectively; P = 0.012).

Conclusions

Both morning and evening LTFC dosing can effectively reduce 24-hour IOP and IOP fluctuation. Morning dosing is more likely to effectively control diurnal IOP fluctuations.

Translational Relevance

This multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial generates robust evidence on the optimal LTFC dosing regimen to help clinical decision-making in the treatment of raised IOP.

Glutamic-acid grafted hyaluronic acid inhibits inflammatory factors via fibroblast and skin model tests

BACKGROUND

Excessive inflammation may cause tissue damage and disrupt the function of the skin barrier. Hyaluronic acid (HA), an endogenous component, was found to regulate multiple inflammatory factors for skin health. This work aims to further enhance its efficacy by grafting amino acid onto its molecule.

METHODS

Glutamic acid (Glu) was selected as the ligand to react with low-molecular-weight HA. Fibroblast tests and a 3D skin model were used to investigate the anti-inflammation efficacy of HA-Glu.

RESULTS

For IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α, the grafted compound presents stronger inhibition ability versus native HA. Moreover, HA-Glu could promote the repair of damaged skin by improving the compactness of the stratum corneum and increasing the thickness of the living cell layer.

CONCLUSION

The application of HA-Glu compound in skin care formulas would be effective to alleviate inflammation-induced skin symptoms and skin aging.

KLF15 Transcriptionally Activates ATG14 to Promote Autophagy and Attenuate Damage of ox-LDL-Induced HAECs

Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is involved in many cardiovascular diseases and is abnormally expressed in atherosclerosis (AS), but the regulatory mechanism of KLF15 in AS has not been reported so far. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of KLF15 and ATG14 in AS patients. Subsequently, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were induced by oxidized low densitylipoprotein (ox-LDL), and the expression of KLF15 in model cells was detected. KLF15 was overexpressed in cells by lipofection transfection, and then CCK8, flow cytometry, Western blot, ELISA, and related assay kits were used to detect cell viability, apoptosis, inflammatory response as well as oxidative stress, respectively. The targeted regulatory relationship between KLF15 and autophagy-related 14 (ATG14) was detected by ChIP and luciferase reporter assays. Following ATG14 silencing in KLF15-overexpressing cells, immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the autophagy. Finally, after the addition of 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor, the aforementioned experiments were conducted again to further explore the mechanism. The expression of KLF15 and ATG14 were decreased in AS patients and ox-LDL-induced HAECs. Overexpression of KLF15 protected ox-LDL-induced HAECs from damage, which might be achieved through transcriptional regulation of ATG14. In addition, KLF15 could promote autophagy through transcriptional activation of ATG14. KLF15 transcriptionally activated ATG14 to promote autophagy and attenuate damage of ox-LDL-induced HAECs.

Novel HPD mutation p.A244V compound with p.T219M causing tyrosinemia type III in a Chinese girl and review of the genotype-phenotype spectrum

BACKGROUND

Hereditary tyrosinemia type III (HT III) is an extremely rare form of tyrosinemia, characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance and biallelic mutations in the HPD gene. The clinical presentation of HT III is variable and poorly understood, with symptoms ranging from developmental delay and intellectual impairment to seizures and intermittent ataxia. This study aimed to provide further insights into the clinical and genetic characteristics of HT III.

METHODS

A 3-year-old girl, identified through newborn screening, was diagnosed with HT III using targeted next-generation sequencing. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, and the clinical, biochemical, and genetic findings of previously reported HT III patients were summarized and analyzed.

RESULTS

The genetic analysis of the proband revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the HPD gene such as c.731C>T (p.A244V) and c.656C>T (p.T219M). Notably, the HPD p.A244V mutation had not been previously documented in public databases or the scientific literature. Bioinformatics analysis classified both variants as pathogenic variants. The patient exhibited persistent tyrosinemia, elevated levels of related metabolite derivatives, confirming the diagnosis of HT III. The review of previously published cases contributed to a better understanding of the clinical and genetic characteristics associated with HT III.

CONCLUSION

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment in infancy are crucial for managing HT III effectively. Dietary therapy, particularly during childhood, plays a significant role in disease management. The findings from this study enhance our understanding of the genotype-phenotype associations in HT III and emphasize the importance of early intervention for improved patient outcomes.

Characterization of Cancer Cell Mechanics by Measuring Active Deformation Behavior

Active deformation behavior reflects cell structural dynamics adapting to varying environmental constraints during malignancy progression. In most cases, cell mechanics is characterized by modeling using static equilibrium systems, which fails to comprehend cell deformation behavior leading to inaccuracies in distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells. Here, a method is introduced to measure the active deformation behavior of cancer cells using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the newly developed deformation behavior cytometry (DBC). During the measurement, cells are deformed and allows a long timescale relaxation (≈5 s). Two parameters are derived to represent deformation behavior: apparent Poisson's ratio for adherent cells, which is measured with AFM and refers to the ratio of the lateral strain to the longitudinal strain of the cell, and shape recovery for suspended cells, which is measured with DBC. Active deformation behavior defines cancer cell mechanics better than traditional mechanical parameters (e.g., stiffness, diffusion, and viscosity). Additionally, aquaporins are essential for promoting the deformation behavior, while the actin cytoskeleton acts as a downstream effector. Therefore, the potential application of the cancer cell active deformation behavior as a biomechanical marker or therapeutic target in cancer treatment should be evaluated.

Changes provoked by altitudes and cooking methods in physicochemical properties, volatile profile, and sensory characteristics of yak meat

The present study aimed to shed light on the effects of altitudes and three cooking methods (boiling, steaming, and roasting) on the physicochemical quality, volatile profile, and sensorial characteristics of yak meat. Composite meat samples were prepared to represent each cooking method and altitude level from the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle of nine yaks. The techniques employed were gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose) along with chemometrics analysis to study the changes occurring in yak volatile profile, and TBARS measurement in lipid oxidation during cooking. Among the cooking methods, boiling and steaming exhibited higher protein and fat content while lower volatile compound contents. Additionally, roasted yak meat received the highest sensory scores, along with decreased L*-values, while elevated a*- and b*-values, and tenderness. A total of 138 volatile compounds were detected, and among them, 36 odorants were identified as odor-active compounds in cooked yak meat. It is evidenced that low-altitude yak presented more complex and richer flavor profiles than high-altitude ones. Moreover, yak meat from low- and high-altitude was classified into two groups by an electronic nose (E-nose) owing to distinct flavor characteristics. Overall, roasted yak meat originating from low altitudes tends to be more popular from a sensory perspective.

Increased phagocytosis capacity of circulating neutrophils in patients on continuous flow ventricular assist device support

BACKGROUND

Neutrophils take part in the innate immune response, phagocytosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The phagocytic capacity of circulating neutrophils in patients on continuous flow (CF) ventricular assist device (VAD) has not been well studied.

METHODS

Blood samples from 14 patients undergoing CF-VAD implantation were collected and analyzed preoperatively (at baseline) and on postoperative days (POD) 3, 7, 14, and 28. Flow cytometry was used to assess the surface expression levels of CD62L, CD162, and macrophage antigen-1 (MAC-1) and neutrophil phagocytic capacity. Interleukin 1 (IL1), IL6, IL8, TNF-α, neutrophil elastase, and myeloperoxidase in plasma were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

RESULTS

Among the 14 patients, seven patients had preoperative bridge device support. Relative to baseline, patients with no bridge device had elevated leukocyte count and neutrophil elastase by POD3 which normalized by POD7. Neutrophil activation level, IL6, IL8, and TNF-α increased by POD3 and sustained elevated levels for 7-14 days postoperatively. Elevated neutrophil phagocytic capacity persisted even until POD28. Similar patterns were observed in patients on a preoperative bridge device.

CONCLUSIONS

Neutrophil activation and phagocytic capacity increased in response to VAD support, while inflammatory cytokines remain elevated for up to 2 weeks postoperatively. These findings may indicate that VAD implantation elicits circulating neutrophils to an abnormal preemptive phagocytotic phenotype.

Effective Removal of Boron from Aqueous Solutions by Inorganic Adsorbents: A Review

Increasing levels of boron in water exceeding acceptable thresholds have triggered concerns regarding environmental pollution and adverse health effects. In response, significant efforts are being made to develop new adsorbents for the removal of boron from contaminated water. Among the various materials proposed, inorganic adsorbents have emerged as promising materials due to their chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability. This review aims to comprehensively examine recent advances made in the development of inorganic adsorbents for the efficient removal of boron from water. Firstly, the adsorption performance of the most used adsorbents, such as magnesium, iron, aluminum, and individual and mixed oxides, are summarized. Subsequently, diverse functionalization methods aimed at enhancing boron adsorption capacity and selectivity are carefully analyzed. Lastly, challenges and future perspectives in this field are highlighted to guide the development of innovative high-performance adsorbents and adsorption systems, ultimately leading to a reduction in boron pollution.

LFA-1 regulated by IL-2/STAT5 pathway boosts antitumor function of intratumoral CD8+ T cells for improving anti-PD-1 antibody therapy

Anti-PD-1 antibody therapy has achieved success in tumor treatment; however, the duration of its clinical benefits are typically short. The functional state of intratumoral CD8+ T cells substantially affects the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody therapy. Understanding how intratumoral CD8+ T cells change will contribute to the improvement in anti-PD-1 antibody therapy. In this study, we found that tumor growth was not arrested after the late administration of anti-PD-1 antibody and that the antitumor function of CD8+ T cells decreased with tumor progression. The results of the RNA sequencing of CD8+ T cells infiltrating the tumor site on days 7 and 14 showed that the cell adhesion molecule Lymphocyte Function-associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1) participates in regulating the antitumor function of CD8+ T cells and that decreased LFA-1 expression in intratumoral CD8+ T cells is associated with tumor progression. By analyzing the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and our results, we found that the antitumor function of intratumoral CD8+ T cells with high LFA-1 expression was stronger. The formation of immune synapses is impaired in Itgal-si CD8+ T cells, resulting in decreased anti-tumor function. LFA-1 expression in intratumoral CD8+ T cells is regulated by the IL-2/STAT5 pathway. The combination of IL-2 and anti-PD-1 antibody effectively enhanced LFA-1 expression and the antitumor function of intratumoral CD8+ T cells. The adoptive transfer of OT-1 T cells overexpressing LFA-1, STAT5A, or STAT5B resulted in higher antitumor function, deferred tumor growth, and prolonged survival. These findings indicate that LFA-1-mediated immune synapse acts as a regulator of the antitumor function of intratumoral CD8+ T cells, which can be applied to improve anti-PD-1 antibody therapy.

Technology engagement is associated with higher perceived physical well-being in stroke patients prescribed smartwatches for atrial fibrillation detection

Background

Increasing ownership of smartphones among Americans provides an opportunity to use these technologies to manage medical conditions. We examine the influence of baseline smartwatch ownership on changes in self-reported anxiety, patient engagement, and health-related quality of life when prescribed smartwatch for AF detection.

Method

We performed a post-hoc secondary analysis of the Pulsewatch study (NCT03761394), a clinical trial in which 120 participants were randomized to receive a smartwatch-smartphone app dyad and ECG patch monitor compared to an ECG patch monitor alone to establish the accuracy of the smartwatch-smartphone app dyad for detection of AF. At baseline, 14 days, and 44 days, participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 survey, the Health Survey SF-12, and the Consumer Health Activation Index. Mixed-effects linear regression models using repeated measures with anxiety, patient activation, physical and mental health status as outcomes were used to examine their association with smartwatch ownership at baseline.

Results

Ninety-six participants, primarily White with high income and tertiary education, were randomized to receive a study smartwatch-smartphone dyad. Twenty-four (25%) participants previously owned a smartwatch. Compared to those who did not previously own a smartwatch, smartwatch owners reported significant greater increase in their self-reported physical health (β = 5.07, P < 0.05), no differences in anxiety (β = 0.92, P = 0.33), mental health (β = -2.42, P = 0.16), or patient activation (β = 1.86, P = 0.54).

Conclusions

Participants who own a smartwatch at baseline reported a greater positive change in self-reported physical health, but not in anxiety, patient activation, or self-reported mental health over the study period.

Tiaogan Jiejiu Tongluo Formula attenuated alcohol-induced chronic liver injury by regulating lipid metabolism in rats

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Tiaogan Jiejiu Tongluo Formula (TJTF), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is modified from the well-known ancient prescription Danzhi-Xiaoyao Powder (DXP). Owing to its ability to regulate liver, strengthen spleen, detoxicating, and dredge collaterals in Chinese medicine, TJTF is usually used to treat anxiety, hypertension, alcoholic fatty liver disease in clinical application. However, the protective effect and potential molecular mechanism of TJTF on alcoholic liver injury has not fully been clarified.

AIM OF THE STUDY

To explore the effect of TJTF on chronic alcoholic liver injury and figure out whether its effects were due to the regulation of lipid metabolism.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

75 male SD rats were divided into the following five groups, control group, EtOH group, TJTF high dose group, TJTF low dose group and silybin group. Then a chronic alcoholic liver injury model was established by increasing concentration of 56% ethanol in rats. The rats in each TJTF group were given the corresponding dose of TJTF, the rats in the silybin group were given silybin, the rats in the control group and the EtOH group were given distilled water by gavage, once a day for 8 consecutive weeks. The components of TJTF were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) was used to assess the severity of liver injury. in the pathological examination. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and oil red O staining were used to evaluate the degree of the liver glycogen accumulation and lipid deposition, respectively. The serum ALT, AST, T-CHO, TG, LDL-C, ADH, HDL-C, and ALDH levels as well as liver tissue GSH, MDA, and SOD levels were analyzed in rats. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect lipid metabolism-related proteins expressed in rat liver.

RESULTS

TJTF significantly alleviated the chronic liver injury caused by alcohol in rats, and enhanced liver function. TJTF significantly decreased AST, ALT, ADH levels and increased ALDH level of serum, and increased GSH, SOD levels and decreased MDA level of liver tissue. In addition, TJTF significantly decreased the serum T-CHO, TG and LDL-C levels and increased HDL-C level in chronic alcoholic liver injury rats by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism associated proteins including p-LKB1, p-AMPKα, p-ACC, FAS, HMGCR, SREBP-1c, PPARα and CPT-1A. The results of western blot and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that TJTF can inhibit lipid production and promote fatty acid oxidation in the liver tissue of chronic alcoholic liver injury rats by activating the LKB1-AMPKα axis and then downregulating the protein expressions of p-ACC, FAS, HMGCR and SREBP-1c, as well as promoting the protein expressions of PPARα and CPT-1A. Meanwhile, TJTF also increased the glycogen content of liver and alleviated the liver damage.

CONCLUSION

According to current research, TJTF is effective in treating chronic liver damage induced by alcohol in rats. Additionally, TJTF exhibits the protective benefits by modulating LKB1-AMPKα signal axis, which in turn inhibits the synthesis of lipids and promotes the oxidation of fatty acids.

Unlocking potential: clinical benefits of enlarging the nail bed explored through continuous W-shaped incisions

PURPOSE

Nail bed atrophy, a common condition for which conservative treatments have limited efficacy, continues to present challenges in determining the optimal surgical intervention. This study introduces a novel technique for nail bed expansion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 34 patients with nail bed atrophy, selected between 2015 and 2020 (ChiCTR2000036232), were randomized into a control group (n = 17) and a surgical group (n = 17). While no specialized treatment was administered to the control group, the surgical group underwent continuous W-shaped incisions on the ventral side of the digits.

RESULTS

Following a 12-month follow-up period, changes in nail bed height, width, area, esthetic satisfaction, pain levels, and tactile sensation were assessed in both groups. In the surgical group, the height, width, and area of the nail bed increased significantly by 1.50 ± 0.49 times, 1.16 ± 0.23 times, and 1.69 ± 0.60 times, respectively, compared to the preoperative measurements. The newly-formed nail plate exhibited improved esthetics, characterized by its smoothness and transparency, a marked improvement over the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this surgical approach showed significant effects, regardless of whether it was applied to fingers or toes.

CONCLUSION

The continuous W-shaped incision technique demonstrated substantial benefits and could be a practical therapeutic approach for nail bed enlargement.

Docosahexaenoic acid alleviates LPS-induced cytotoxicity in HL-1 cardiac cells via improving stress-induced mitochondrial fragmentation

Sepsis-induced cardiac injury is associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an essential omega-3 fatty acid, protects the injured myocardium by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction. We aimed to confirm whether the cardioprotective effect of DHA is mediated via the alleviation of mitochondrial fragmentation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiomyopathy in vitro. We found that DHA improved cell viability and alleviated cardiac cell apoptosis by reducing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, expression levels of Cleaved caspase-3, and Caspase 3 activity. DHA attenuated oxidative stress as evidenced by decreased ROS production and increased superoxide dismutase activity. In addition, DHA ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction by modulating mitochondrial respiratory chain injury and mitochondrial fragmentation, especially decreasing the mitochondrial fission-related protein p-Drp1(ser 616) but no effects on Drp1, p-Drp1(ser 637), and mitochondrial fusion-related protein. Our data suggest that DHA conferred cardioprotection by alleviating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, which may be associated with alleviation of stress-induced mitochondrial fragmentation.

Effect of exoskeleton manipulator on hand function rehabilitation for postburn patients

PURPOSE

Patients with scar contracture deformities caused by hand burns were treated with an exoskeleton manipulator system, which was equipped with games to explore its clinical application value.

METHODS

Twenty patients who were treated for post-burn scars of bilateral hands between October 2020 and June 2021 were selected (ChiCTR2000036232). The patients were divided into two groups: control, 10 patients (traditional outpatient treatment); and experimental, 10 patients (exoskeleton manipulator system treatment). We compared the change in the total active motion (TAM) value, grip strength, scar improvement, and postoperative pain improvement.

RESULTS

After 3 months of rehabilitation training, the improvement of thumb TAM was 33.80 ± 11.38 ° in the experimental group and 23.2 ± 6.13 ° in the control group. With respect to the index finger TAM, the improvement in the experimental and control groups was 84.50 ± 30.96 ° and 54.80 ± 15.89 °, respectively. The middle finger TAM of the experimental and control groups improved by 86.75 ± 32.85 ° and 60.25 ± 17.97 °, respectively. However, improvement of grip strength, scar score, and pain score were similar between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The exoskeleton manipulator system has excellent effects in improving burned hand joint movement, which is suitable for hand burn patients and has beneficial clinical effects.Implications for rehabilitationExercise is an effective means to improve the hand function of burn patients.The application of mechanical devices in the rehabilitation of burned hands can effectively help patients exercise.The A5 Hand Function Training System is an exoskeleton mechanical device that can exercise the small joints of the hand. It assists patients in using different computer games during treatment.

Validity and Cutoff Score of the Autism Mental Status Exam for an Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis in Chinese Children

The Autism Mental Status exam (AMSE) has demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity in Western high-risk population with suspected autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the AMSE in a sample of high-risk Chinese children, and to determine the optimal cutoff score of the Chinese version of the AMSE in supporting ASD diagnosis. 66 young children aged from 2 to 11 years with suspected ASD were enrolled in the present study. A diagnosis of ASD or non-ASD was determined by a Best Estimate Diagnosis protocol according to the DSM-5 criteria. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to assess the validity of the AMSE and search for the most effective cutoff score. The ROC curve analysis yields the area under the ROC curve of 0.98 which represents excellent diagnostic accuracy. Findings indicate the optimal cutoff score of the Chinese version of the AMSE was estimated as 6, producing the highest sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 87%. Preliminary findings of the study suggest the AMSE has promising psychometric properties as an assessment tool for identifying ASD symptoms and supporting diagnostic decision-making in high-risk Chinese children population.

F6P/G6P-mediated ChREBP activation promotes the insulin resistance-driven hepatic lipid deposition in zebrafish

Insulin-sensitive lipogenesis dominates the body lipid deposition; however, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develops in the insulin-resistant state. The regulation mechanism of insulin resistance-driven NAFLD remains elusive. Using zebrafish model of insulin resistance (ZIR, insrb-/-) and mouse hepatocytes (NCTC 1469), we explored the regulation mechanism of insulin resistance-driven hepatic lipid deposition under the stimulation of carbohydrate diet (CHD). In ZIR model, insulin resistance induced hyperlipidemia and elevated hepatic lipid deposition via elevating the gene/protein expressions of lipogenic enzymes, that was activated by carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), rather than sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1c (SREBP-1c). The metabolomic analysis in zebrafish and silencing of chrebp in mouse hepatocytes revealed that the increased hepatic frucotose-6-phosphate (F6P) and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) promoted the ChREBP-mediated lipid deposition. We further identified that F6P alone was sufficient to activate ChREBP-mediated lipid deposition by a SREBP-1c-independent manner. Moreover, we clarified the suppressed hepatic phosphofructokinase/glucose-6-phosphatase functions and the normal glucokinase function preserved by glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) manipulated the increased F6P/G6P content in ZIR. In conclusion, the present study revealed that insulin resistance promoted hepatic lipid deposition via the F6P/G6P-mediated ChREBP activation. Our findings deciphered the main regulation pathway for the liver lipid deposition in the insulin-resistant state and identified F6P as a new potential regulator for ChREBP.