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Chao X, Wang S, Hlobik M, Ballabio A, Ni HM, Ding WX. Loss of Hepatic Transcription Factor EB Attenuates Alcohol-Associated Liver Carcinogenesis. Am J Pathol 2022; 192:87-103. [PMID: 34717896 PMCID: PMC8747011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is a well-known risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Autophagy plays a dual role in liver cancer, as it suppresses tumor initiation and promotes tumor progression. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, which is impaired in alcohol-related liver disease. However, the role of TFEB in alcohol-associated liver carcinogenesis is unknown. Liver-specific Tfeb knockout (KO) mice and their matched wild-type (WT) littermates were injected with the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN), followed by chronic ethanol feeding. The numbers of both total and larger tumors increased significantly in DEN-treated mice fed ethanol diet than in mice fed control diet. Although the number of tumors was not different between WT and L-Tfeb KO mice fed either control or ethanol diet, the number of larger tumors was less in L-Tfeb KO mice than in WT mice. No differences were observed in liver injury, steatosis, inflammation, ductular reaction, fibrosis, and tumor cell proliferation in DEN-treated mice fed ethanol. However, the levels of glypican 3, a marker of malignant hepatocellular carcinoma, markedly decreased in DEN-treated L-Tfeb KO mice fed ethanol in comparison to the WT mice. These findings indicate that chronic ethanol feeding promotes DEN-initiated liver tumor development, which is attenuated by genetic deletion of hepatic TFEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shaogui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Madeline Hlobik
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hong-Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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2
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Cui C, Chakraborty K, Tang XA, Schoenfelt KQ, Hoffman A, Blank A, McBeth B, Pulliam N, Reardon CA, Kulkarni SA, Vaisar T, Ballabio A, Krishnan Y, Becker L. A lysosome-targeted DNA nanodevice selectively targets macrophages to attenuate tumours. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:1394-1402. [PMID: 34764452 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Activating CD8+ T cells by antigen cross-presentation is remarkably effective at eliminating tumours. Although this function is traditionally attributed to dendritic cells, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) can also cross-present antigens. TAMs are the most abundant tumour-infiltrating leukocyte. Yet, TAMs have not been leveraged to activate CD8+ T cells because mechanisms that modulate their ability to cross-present antigens are incompletely understood. Here we show that TAMs harbour hyperactive cysteine protease activity in their lysosomes, which impedes antigen cross-presentation, thereby preventing CD8+ T cell activation. We developed a DNA nanodevice (E64-DNA) that targets the lysosomes of TAMs in mice. E64-DNA inhibits the population of cysteine proteases that is present specifically inside the lysosomes of TAMs, improves their ability to cross-present antigens and attenuates tumour growth via CD8+ T cells. When combined with cyclophosphamide, E64-DNA showed sustained tumour regression in a triple-negative-breast-cancer model. Our studies demonstrate that DNA nanodevices can be targeted with organelle-level precision to reprogram macrophages and achieve immunomodulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cui
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kasturi Chakraborty
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xu Anna Tang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelly Q Schoenfelt
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandria Hoffman
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ariane Blank
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Blake McBeth
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalie Pulliam
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catherine A Reardon
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Swati A Kulkarni
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Lev Becker
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Chen N, Song S, Yang Z, Wu M, Mu L, Zhou T, Shi Y. ChREBP deficiency alleviates apoptosis by inhibiting TXNIP/oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:108050. [PMID: 34600826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In the present study, we investigated the effect of carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) on the TXNIP/oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. METHODS ChREBP-/- mice (8-week old) were produced using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing approach. Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6 mice with streptozotocin. HK-2 cells was transfected with plasmid containing either ChREBP shRNA or TXNIP siRNA. RESULTS Renal expression of ChREBP and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic mice. ChREBP deficiency improved renal function, apoptosis as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in diabetic mice. In addition, ChREBP deficiency prevented expression levels of TXNIP and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in diabetic kidneys. The increased urinary 8-OHdG level induced by diabetes was also attenuated in ChREBP deficiency mice. Similarly, HG was shown to induce ChREBP expression and nuclear translocation in HK-2 cells. HG-induced apoptosis was inhibited by transfection of ChREBP shRNA plasmid. Moreover, we found that knockdown of ChREBP suppressed HG-induced TXNIP and Nox4 expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ER stress in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, TXNIP knockdown effectively abrogated HG-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ChREBP deficiency prevents diabetes-induced apoptosis via inhibiting oxidative stress and ER stress, highlighting ChREBP as a potential therapy target for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Shan Song
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhifen Yang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Mu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tengxiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Sakiyama H, Li L, Kuwahara-Otani S, Nakagawa T, Eguchi H, Yoshihara D, Shinohara M, Fujiwara N, Suzuki K. A lack of ChREBP inhibits mitochondrial cristae formation in brown adipose tissue. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3577-3590. [PMID: 34021470 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a glucose-responsive transcription factor that increases the transcription of multiple genes. ChREBP is highly localized in the liver, where it upregulates the expression of genes that code for glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, resulting in the conversion of excess carbohydrate into storage fat. ChREBP knockout (KO) mice display an anti-obese phenotype. However, at this time, role of ChREBP in adipose tissue remains unclear. Therefore, the energy metabolism and morphology of mitochondrial brown adipose tissue (BAT) in ChREBP KO mice was examined. We found increased expression levels of electron transport system proteins including the mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP1), and mitochondrial structural alterations such as dysplasia of the cristae and the presence of small mitochondria in BAT of ChREBP KO mice. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed that fatty acid synthase was absent in the BAT of ChREBP KO mice, which probably led to a reduction in fatty acids and cardiolipin, a regulator of various mitochondrial events. Our study clarified the new role of ChREBP in adipose tissue and its involvement in mitochondrial function. A clearer understanding of ChREBP in mitochondria could pave the way for improvements in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Sakiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Sachi Kuwahara-Otani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hironobu Eguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yoshihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Noriko Fujiwara
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
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Takao K, Iizuka K, Liu Y, Sakurai T, Kubota S, Kubota-Okamoto S, Imaizumi T, Takahashi Y, Rakhat Y, Komori S, Hirose T, Nonomura K, Kato T, Mizuno M, Suwa T, Horikawa Y, Sone M, Yabe D. Effects of ChREBP deficiency on adrenal lipogenesis and steroidogenesis. J Endocrinol 2021; 248:317-324. [PMID: 33538705 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is critical in the regulation of fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis in the liver. Interestingly, Chrebp-/- mice show reduced levels of plasma cholesterol, which is critical for steroid hormone synthesis in adrenal glands. Furthermore, Chrebp mRNA expression was previously reported in human adrenal glands. Thus, it remains to be investigated whether ChREBP plays a role directly or indirectly in steroid hormone synthesis and release in adrenal glands. In the present study, we find that Chrebp mRNA is expressed in mouse adrenal glands and that ChREBP binds to carbohydrate response elements. Histological analysis of Chrebp-/- mice shows no adrenal hyperplasia and less oil red O staining compared with that in WT mice. In adrenal glands of Chrebp-/- mice, expression of Fasn and Scd1, two enzymes critical for fatty acid synthesis, was substantially lower and triglyceride content was reduced. Expression of Srebf2, a key transcription factor controlling synthesis and uptake of cholesterol and the target genes, was upregulated, while cholesterol content was not significantly altered in the adrenal glands of Chrebp-/- mice. Adrenal corticosterone content and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone levels were not significantly altered in Chrebp-/- mice. Consistently, expression of genes related to steroid hormone synthesis was not altered. Corticosterone secretion in response to two different stimuli, namely 24-h starvation and cosyntropin administration, was also not altered in Chrebp-/- mice. Taking these results together, corticosterone synthesis and release were not affected in Chrebp-/- mice despite reduced plasma cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takao
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Katsumi Iizuka
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Teruaki Sakurai
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Sodai Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Saki Kubota-Okamoto
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshinori Imaizumi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takahashi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yermek Rakhat
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoko Komori
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tokuyuki Hirose
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenta Nonomura
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kato
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masami Mizuno
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suwa
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukio Horikawa
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Sone
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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6
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Zhang H, Alsaleh G, Feltham J, Sun Y, Napolitano G, Riffelmacher T, Charles P, Frau L, Hublitz P, Yu Z, Mohammed S, Ballabio A, Balabanov S, Mellor J, Simon AK. Polyamines Control eIF5A Hypusination, TFEB Translation, and Autophagy to Reverse B Cell Senescence. Mol Cell 2019; 76:110-125.e9. [PMID: 31474573 PMCID: PMC6863385 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Failure to make adaptive immune responses is a hallmark of aging. Reduced B cell function leads to poor vaccination efficacy and a high prevalence of infections in the elderly. Here we show that reduced autophagy is a central molecular mechanism underlying immune senescence. Autophagy levels are specifically reduced in mature lymphocytes, leading to compromised memory B cell responses in old individuals. Spermidine, an endogenous polyamine metabolite, induces autophagy in vivo and rejuvenates memory B cell responses. Mechanistically, spermidine post-translationally modifies the translation factor eIF5A, which is essential for the synthesis of the autophagy transcription factor TFEB. Spermidine is depleted in the elderly, leading to reduced TFEB expression and autophagy. Spermidine supplementation restored this pathway and improved the responses of old human B cells. Taken together, our results reveal an unexpected autophagy regulatory mechanism mediated by eIF5A at the translational level, which can be harnessed to reverse immune senescence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Zhang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Ghada Alsaleh
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jack Feltham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Yizhe Sun
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Gennaro Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Thomas Riffelmacher
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Philip Charles
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK; Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Lisa Frau
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Philip Hublitz
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Zhanru Yu
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stefan Balabanov
- Division of Haematology, University Hospital and University of Zürich, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jane Mellor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
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Murano T, Najibi M, Paulus GLC, Adiliaghdam F, Valencia-Guerrero A, Selig M, Wang X, Jeffrey K, Xavier RJ, Lassen KG, Irazoqui JE. Transcription factor TFEB cell-autonomously modulates susceptibility to intestinal epithelial cell injury in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13938. [PMID: 29066772 PMCID: PMC5655326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the transcription factors that modulate epithelial resistance to injury is necessary for understanding intestinal homeostasis and injury repair processes. Recently, transcription factor EB (TFEB) was implicated in expression of autophagy and host defense genes in nematodes and mammalian cells. However, the in vivo roles of TFEB in the mammalian intestinal epithelium were not known. Here, we used mice with a conditional deletion of Tfeb in the intestinal epithelium (Tfeb ΔIEC) to examine its importance in defense against injury. Unperturbed Tfeb ΔIEC mice exhibited grossly normal intestinal epithelia, except for a defect in Paneth cell granules. Tfeb ΔIEC mice exhibited lower levels of lipoprotein ApoA1 expression, which is downregulated in Crohn's disease patients and causally linked to colitis susceptibility. Upon environmental epithelial injury using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), Tfeb ΔIEC mice exhibited exaggerated colitis. Thus, our study reveals that TFEB is critical for resistance to intestinal epithelial cell injury, potentially mediated by APOA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Murano
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Mehran Najibi
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Geraldine L C Paulus
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Fatemeh Adiliaghdam
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Aida Valencia-Guerrero
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Martin Selig
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Kate Jeffrey
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Kara G Lassen
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Javier E Irazoqui
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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8
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DuBois JC, Smulian AG. Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (Srb1) Is Required for Hypoxic Adaptation and Virulence in the Dimorphic Fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163849. [PMID: 27711233 PMCID: PMC5053422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Histoplasma capsulatum sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), Srb1 is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), leucine zipper DNA binding protein family of transcription factors that possess a unique tyrosine (Y) residue instead of an arginine (R) residue in the bHLH region. We have determined that Srb1 message levels increase in a time dependent manner during growth under oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). To further understand the role of Srb1 during infection and hypoxia, we silenced the gene encoding Srb1 using RNA interference (RNAi); characterized the resulting phenotype, determined its response to hypoxia, and its ability to cause disease within an infected host. Silencing of Srb1 resulted in a strain of H. capsulatum that is incapable of surviving in vitro hypoxia. We found that without complete Srb1 expression, H. capsulatum is killed by murine macrophages and avirulent in mice given a lethal dose of yeasts. Additionally, silencing Srb1 inhibited the hypoxic upregulation of other known H. capsulatum hypoxia-responsive genes (HRG), and genes that encode ergosterol biosynthetic enzymes. Consistent with these regulatory functions, Srb1 silenced H. capsulatum cells were hypersensitive to the antifungal azole drug itraconazole. These data support the theory that the H. capsulatum SREBP is critical for hypoxic adaptation and is required for H. capsulatum virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwen C. DuBois
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - A. George Smulian
- Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Kilpatrick K, Zeng Y, Hancock T, Segatori L. Genetic and chemical activation of TFEB mediates clearance of aggregated α-synuclein. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120819. [PMID: 25790376 PMCID: PMC4366176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) is associated with the development of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). The formation of α-syn aggregates results from aberrant accumulation of misfolded α-syn and insufficient or impaired activity of the two main intracellular protein degradation systems, namely the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. In this study, we investigated the role of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, in preventing the accumulation of α-syn aggregates in human neuroglioma cells. We found that TFEB overexpression reduces the accumulation of aggregated α-syn by inducing autophagic clearance of α-syn. Furthermore, we showed that pharmacological activation of TFEB using 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin promotes autophagic clearance of aggregated α-syn. In summary, our findings demonstrate that TFEB modulates autophagic clearance of α-syn and suggest that pharmacological activation of TFEB is a promising strategy to enhance the degradation of α-syn aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiri Kilpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yimeng Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tommy Hancock
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura Segatori
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology. Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Abstract
Myc is the most frequently deregulated oncogene in human tumors. The protein belongs to the Myc/Max/Mxd network of transcriptional regulators important for cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The ratio between Mnt/Max and c-Myc/Max on the 5'-CACGTG-3' E-box sequence at shared target genes is of great importance for cell cycle progression and arrest. Serum stimulation of quiescent cells results in phosphorylation of Mnt and disruption of the critical Mnt-mSin3-HDAC1 interaction. This in turn leads to increased expression of the Myc/Mnt target gene cyclin D2. It is therefore possible that Myc function relies on its ability to overcome transcriptional repression by Mnt and that relief of Mnt-mediated transcriptional repression is of greater importance for regulation of target genes than the sole activation by Myc. In addition, Mnt has many features of a tumor suppressor and may thus be nonfunctional or inactivated in human tumors. In summary, accumulating evidence supports the model of Mnt as the key regulator of the network in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Wahlström
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Mizutani KI, Yoon K, Dang L, Tokunaga A, Gaiano N. Differential Notch signalling distinguishes neural stem cells from intermediate progenitors. Nature 2007; 449:351-5. [PMID: 17721509 DOI: 10.1038/nature06090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During brain development, neurons and glia are generated from a germinal zone containing both neural stem cells (NSCs) and more limited intermediate neural progenitors (INPs). The signalling events that distinguish between these two proliferative neural cell types remain poorly understood. The Notch signalling pathway is known to maintain NSC character and to inhibit neurogenesis, although little is known about the role of Notch signalling in INPs. Here we show that both NSCs and INPs respond to Notch receptor activation, but that NSCs signal through the canonical Notch effector C-promoter binding factor 1 (CBF1), whereas INPs have attenuated CBF1 signalling. Furthermore, whereas knockdown of CBF1 promotes the conversion of NSCs to INPs, activation of CBF1 is insufficient to convert INPs back to NSCs. Using both transgenic and transient in vivo reporter assays we show that NSCs and INPs coexist in the telencephalic ventricular zone and that they can be prospectively separated on the basis of CBF1 activity. Furthermore, using in vivo transplantation we show that whereas NSCs generate neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes at similar frequencies, INPs are predominantly neurogenic. Together with previous work on haematopoietic stem cells, this study suggests that the use or blockade of the CBF1 cascade downstream of Notch is a general feature distinguishing stem cells from more limited progenitors in a variety of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Mizutani
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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12
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Toyo-oka K, Bowen TJ, Hirotsune S, Li Z, Jain S, Ota S, Escoubet-Lozach L, Lozach LE, Garcia-Bassets I, Bassett IG, Lozach J, Rosenfeld MG, Glass CK, Eisenman R, Ren B, Hurlin P, Wynshaw-Boris A. Mnt-deficient mammary glands exhibit impaired involution and tumors with characteristics of myc overexpression. Cancer Res 2006; 66:5565-73. [PMID: 16740691 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene c-Myc plays a central role in cell growth and the development of human tumors. c-Myc interacts with Max and Myc-Max complexes bind to E-box and related sequences to activate transcription. Max also interacts with Mnt but Mnt-Max complexes repress transcription when bound to these sequences. MNT maps to human chromosome 17p13.3, a region frequently deleted in various human tumors, including mammary gland tumors. Consistent with the possibility that Mnt functions as a Myc antagonist, Mnt-deficient fibroblasts exhibit many of the hallmark characteristics of cells that overexpress Myc, and conditional (Cre/Lox) inactivation of Mnt in mammary gland epithelium leads to adenocarcinomas. Here, we further characterize mammary gland tissue following conditional deletion of Mnt in the mammary gland. We show that loss of Mnt severely disrupts mammary gland involution and leads to hyperplastic ducts associated with reduced numbers of apoptotic cells. These findings suggest that loss of Mnt in mammary tissue has similarities to Myc overexpression. We tested this directly by using promoter array analysis and mRNA expression analysis by oligonucleotide arrays. We found that Mnt and c-Myc bound to similar promoters in tumors from MMTV-c-Myc transgenic mice, and mRNA expression patterns were similar between mammary tumors from MMTV-Cre/Mnt(KO/CKO) and MMTV-c-Myc transgenic mice. These results reveal an important role for Mnt in pregnancy-associated mammary gland development and suggest that mammary gland tumorigenesis in the absence of Mnt is analogous to that caused by Myc deregulation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Lactation/physiology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/physiology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/biosynthesis
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Toyo-oka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego Comprehensive Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, USA
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13
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Abstract
The past two decades of gene targeting experiments have allowed us to make significant strides towards understanding how the Myc/Max/Mad network influences multiple aspects of cellular behavior during development. Here we summarize the findings obtained from the myc/max/mad knockout mice generated to date, namely those in which the N-myc, c-myc, L-myc, mad1, mxi1, mad3, mnt, or max genes have been targeted. A compilation of lessons we have learned from these myc/max/mad knockout mouse models, and suggestions as to where future efforts could be focused, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pirity
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Ullmann 809, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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