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Singh C, Jin B, Shrestha N, Markhard AL, Panda A, Calvo SE, Deik A, Pan X, Zuckerman AL, Ben Saad A, Corey KE, Sjoquist J, Osganian S, AminiTabrizi R, Rhee EP, Shah H, Goldberger O, Mullen AC, Cracan V, Clish CB, Mootha VK, Goodman RP. ChREBP is activated by reductive stress and mediates GCKR-associated metabolic traits. Cell Metab 2024; 36:144-158.e7. [PMID: 38101397 PMCID: PMC10842884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Common genetic variants in glucokinase regulator (GCKR), which encodes GKRP, a regulator of hepatic glucokinase (GCK), influence multiple metabolic traits in genome-wide association studies (GWASs), making GCKR one of the most pleiotropic GWAS loci in the genome. It is unclear why. Prior work has demonstrated that GCKR influences the hepatic cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio, also referred to as reductive stress. Here, we demonstrate that reductive stress is sufficient to activate the transcription factor ChREBP and necessary for its activation by the GKRP-GCK interaction, glucose, and ethanol. We show that hepatic reductive stress induces GCKR GWAS traits such as increased hepatic fat, circulating FGF21, and circulating acylglycerol species, which are also influenced by ChREBP. We define the transcriptional signature of hepatic reductive stress and show its upregulation in fatty liver disease and downregulation after bariatric surgery in humans. These findings highlight how a GCKR-reductive stress-ChREBP axis influences multiple human metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charandeep Singh
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Byungchang Jin
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nirajan Shrestha
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrew L Markhard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Apekshya Panda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah E Calvo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xingxiu Pan
- The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Austin L Zuckerman
- The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Program in Mathematics and Science Education, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Program in Mathematics and Science Education, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120
| | - Amel Ben Saad
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julia Sjoquist
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephanie Osganian
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Roya AminiTabrizi
- Metabolomics Platform, Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eugene P Rhee
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Metabolomics Platform, Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olga Goldberger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alan C Mullen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Valentin Cracan
- The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Russell P Goodman
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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