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Niu T, Huang C, Wang R, Yang L, Zhao S, Wang Z. Combinatorial metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis enables the efficient biosynthesis of isoquercitrin from quercetin. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:114. [PMID: 38641799 PMCID: PMC11031953 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) has exhibited promising therapeutic potentials as cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and anti-viral agents. However, its structural complexity and limited natural abundance make both bulk chemical synthesis and extraction from medical plants difficult. Microbial biotransformation through heterologous expression of glycosyltransferases offers a safe and sustainable route for its production. Despite several attempts reported in microbial hosts, the current production levels of isoquercitrin still lag behind industrial standards. RESULTS Herein, the heterologous expression of glycosyltransferase UGT78D2 gene in Bacillus subtilis 168 and reconstruction of UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) synthesis pathway led to the synthesis of isoquercitrin from quercetin with titers of 0.37 g/L and 0.42 g/L, respectively. Subsequently, the quercetin catabolism blocked by disruption of a quercetin dioxygenase, three ring-cleavage dioxygenases, and seven oxidoreductases increased the isoquercitrin titer to 1.64 g/L. And the hydrolysis of isoquercitrin was eliminated by three β-glucosidase genes disruption, thereby affording 3.58 g/L isoquercitrin. Furthermore, UDP-Glc pool boosted by pgi (encoding glucose-6-phosphate isomerase) disruption increased the isoquercitrin titer to 10.6 g/L with the yield on quercetin of 72% and to 35.6 g/L with the yield on quercetin of 77.2% in a 1.3-L fermentor. CONCLUSION The engineered B. subtilis strain developed here holds great potential for initiating the sustainable and large-scale industrial production of isoquercitrin. The strategies proposed in this study provides a reference to improve the production of other flavonoid glycosides by engineered B. subtilis cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Niu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chaokang Huang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Li S, Luo S, Zhao X, Gao S, Shan X, Lu J, Zhou J. Efficient Conversion of Stevioside to Rebaudioside M in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a Engineering Hydrolase System and Prolonging the Growth Cycle. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:8140-8148. [PMID: 38563232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Rebaudioside (Reb) M is an important sweetener with high sweetness, but its low content in Stevia rebaudiana and low catalytic capacity of the glycosyltransferases in heterologous microorganisms limit its production. In order to improve the catalytic efficiency of the conversion of stevioside to Reb M by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, several key issues must be resolved including knocking out endogenous hydrolases, enhancing glycosylation, and extending the enzyme catalytic process. Herein, endogenous glycosyl hydrolase SCW2 was knocked out in S. cerevisiae. The glycosylation process was enhanced by screening glycosyltransferases, and UGT91D2 from S. rebaudiana was identified as the optimum glycosyltransferase. The UDP-glucose supply was enhanced by overexpressing UGP1, and co-expressing UGT91D2 and UGT76G1 achieved efficient conversion of stevioside to Reb M. In order to extend the catalytic process, the silencing information regulator 2 (SIR2) which can prolong the growth cycle of S. cerevisiae was introduced. Finally, combining these modifications produced 12.5 g/L Reb M and the yield reached 77.9% in a 5 L bioreactor with 10.0 g/L stevioside, the highest titer from steviol glycosides to Reb M reported to date. The engineered strain could facilitate the industrial production of Reb M, and the strategies provide references for the production of steviol glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuangshuang Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xingying Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shan
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Liu S, Liu J, Zhao L, Pei J. Efficient and Economic Utilization of Cellobiose for Glycosylation Modification by Regulating Carbon Source Supply and Metabolic Pathway In Vivo. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:475-482. [PMID: 38116649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation, one of the most common and significant modifications in nature, has prompted the development of a cellobiose phosphorolysis route for glycosylation in vivo. However, the process of glycosylation is hampered by the notably low conversion rate of cellobiose. In this work, regulation of the carbon source supply by changing the ratio of glucose to cellobiose improved the conversion rate of cellobiose, resulting in enhancing the efficiency of glycosylation and the production of vitexin. Moreover, three genes (pgm, agp, and ushA) involved in the degradation of UDP-glucose were knocked out to relieve the degradation and diversion of the cellobiose phosphorolysis route. Finally, through the optimization of conversion conditions, we observed a continuous enhancement in cellobiose conversion rate and vitexin production in BL21ΔushAΔagp-TcCGT-CepA, corresponding to an increased concentration of added glucose. The maximum production of vitexin reached 2228 mg/L with the addition of 2 g/L cellobiose and 6 g/L glucose, which was 312% of that in BL21-TcCGT-CepA with the addition of 2 g/L cellobiose. The conversion rate of cellobiose in BL21ΔushAΔagp-TcCGT-CepA reached 88%, which was the highest conversion rate of cellobiose to date. Therefore, this study presents a cost-effective and efficient method to enhance the conversion rate of cellobiose during the glycosylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianjun Pei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
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Lairion F, Carbia C, Chiesa IM, Saporito-Magriña C, Borda N, Lazarowski A, Repetto MG. Uridine Diphosphate Glucose (UDP-G) Activates Oxidative Stress and Respiratory Burst in Isolated Neutrophils. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1501. [PMID: 37895972 PMCID: PMC10609875 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular purinergic agonist uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-G) activates chemotaxis of human neutrophils (PMN) and the recruitment of PMN at the lung level, via P2Y14 purinergic receptor signaling. This effect is similar to the activation of PMN with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), a mechanism that also triggers the production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide via the NADPH oxidase system. However, the effects of UDP-G on this system have not been studied. Defects in the intracellular phagocyte respiratory burst (RB) cause recurrent infections, immunodeficiency, and chronic and severe diseases in affected patients, often with sepsis and hypoxia. The extracellular activation of PMN by UDP-G could affect the RB and oxidative stress (OS) in situations of inflammation, infection and/or sepsis. The association of PMNs activation by UDP-G with OS and RB was studied. OS was evaluated by measuring spontaneous chemiluminescence (CL) of PMNs with a scintillation photon counter, and RB by measuring oxygen consumption with an oxygen Clark electrode at 37 °C, in non-stimulated cells and after activation (15 min) with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 2 µg/mL), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 20 ng/mL), or UDP-G (100 μM). The stimulation index (SI) was calculated in order to establish the activation effect of the three agonists. After stimulation with LPS or PMA, the activated PMNs (0.1 × 106 cells/mL) showed an increase in CL (35%, p < 0.05 and 56%, p < 0.01, SI of 1.56 and 2.20, respectively). Contrariwise, the stimulation with UDP-G led to a decreased CL in a dose-dependent manner (60%, 25 μM, p < 0.05; 90%, 50-150 μM, p < 0.001). Nonetheless, despite the lack of oxidative damage, UDP-G triggered RB (SI 1.8) in a dose-dependent manner (38-50%, 100-200 μM, p < 0.0001). UDP-G is able to trigger NADPH oxidase activation in PMNs. Therefore, the prevention of OS and oxidative damage observed upon PMN stimulation with UDP-G indicates an antioxidant property of this molecule which is likely due to the activation of antioxidant defenses. Altogether, LPS and UDP-G have a synergistic effect, suggesting a key role in infection and/or sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Lairion
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (F.L.); (I.M.C.); (C.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Claudio Carbia
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II-Área Hematología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (C.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Iris Maribel Chiesa
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (F.L.); (I.M.C.); (C.S.-M.)
| | - Christian Saporito-Magriña
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (F.L.); (I.M.C.); (C.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Natalia Borda
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II-Área Hematología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (C.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II-Área Hematología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (C.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Marisa Gabriela Repetto
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (F.L.); (I.M.C.); (C.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina
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Xiao Z, Wang Y, Liu J, Zhang S, Tan X, Zhao Y, Mao J, Jiang N, Zhou J, Shan Y. Systematic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chassis for Efficient Flavonoid-7- O-Disaccharide Biosynthesis. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2740-2749. [PMID: 37566738 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are an essential class of secondary metabolites found in plants and possess various nutritional, medicinal, and agricultural properties. However, the poor water solubility of flavonoid aglycones limits their potential applications. To overcome this issue, glycosylation is a promising approach for improving water solubility and bioavailability. In this study, we constructed a flavonoid-7-O-disaccharide biosynthetic pathway with flavonoid aglycones as substrates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Subsequently, through metabolic engineering and promoter strategies, we constructed a UDP-rhamnose regeneration system and optimized the UDP-glucose (UDPG) synthetic pathway. The optimized strain produced up to 131.3 mg/L eriocitrin. After this, the chassis cells were applied to other flavonoids, with substrates such as (2S)-naringenin, (2S)-hesperetin, diosmetin, and (2S)-eriodictyol, which resulted in the synthesis of 179.9 mg/L naringin, 276.6 mg/L hesperidin, 249.0 mg/L neohesperidin, 30.4 mg/L diosmin, and 100.7 mg/L neoeriocitrin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the biosynthesis of flavonoid-7-O-disaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Xiao
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yongtong Wang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xinjia Tan
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yifei Zhao
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jiwei Mao
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ning Jiang
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yang Shan
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
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Zhao L, Ma Z, Wang Q, Shen Y, Zhang L, Chen L, Shi G, Ding Z. Highly Efficient Production of UDP-Glucose from Sucrose via the Semirational Engineering of Sucrose Synthase and a Cascade Route Design. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:12549-12557. [PMID: 37552844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars are essential precursors for carbohydrate synthesis but are in scarce supply. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose is a core building block in nucleotide sugar preparation, making its efficient synthesis critical. Here, a process for producing valuable UDP-glucose and functional mannose from sucrose was established and improved via a semirational sucrose synthase (SuSy) design and the accurate D-mannose isomerase (MIase) cascade. Engineered SuSy exhibited enzyme activity 2.2-fold greater than that of the WT. The structural analysis identified a latch-hinge combination as the hotspot for enhancing enzyme activity. Coupling MIase, process optimization, and reaction kinetic analysis revealed that MIase addition during the high-speed UDP-glucose synthesis phase distinctly accelerated the entire process. The simultaneous triggering of enzyme modules halved the reaction time and significantly increased the UDP-glucose yield. A maximum UDP-glucose yield of 83%, space-time yield of 70 g/L/h, and mannose yield of 32% were achieved. This novel and efficient strategy for sucrose value-added exploitation has industrial promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhongbao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Linpei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Li K, Zhou P, Li J, Cheng Y, Li S, Wang Y, Jiang W, Bai Y, Cao H, Wang D. Upregulation of P2Y14 receptor in neutrophils promotes inflammation after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2023:121805. [PMID: 37236604 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P2Y14 receptor is expressed in neutrophils and is involved in activation of inflammatory signaling. However, the expression and function of P2Y14 receptor in neutrophils after myocardial infarction/reperfusion (MIR) injury remain to be elucidated. METHODS In this research, rodent and cellular models of MIR were used to detect the involvement and function of P2Y14 receptor, as well as the regulation of inflammatory signaling via P2Y14 receptor in neutrophils post-MIR. RESULTS In the early stage post MIR, the expression of P2Y14 receptor was upregulated in CD4+Ly-6G+ neutrophils. Additionally, the expression of P2Y14 receptor was highly induced in neutrophils subjected to uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose (UDP-Glu), which is proven to be secreted by cardiomyocytes during ischemia and reperfusion. Our results also showed the beneficial role of P2Y14 receptor antagonist PPTN in counteracting inflammation via promoting polarization of neutrophils to N2 phenotype in the infarct area of the heart tissue after MIR. CONCLUSION These findings prove that the P2Y14 receptor is involved in the regulation of inflammation in the infarct area after MIR, and establish a novel signaling pathway concerning the interplay between cardiomyocytes and neutrophils in the heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunsheng Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Pengyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, NanFang hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou 515000, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yongqing Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Weipeng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Longgang District, Shenzhen 518111, PR China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Zhao L, Ma Z, Wang Q, Hu M, Zhang J, Chen L, Shi G, Ding Z. Engineering the Thermostability of Sucrose Synthase by Reshaping the Subunit Interaction Contributes to Efficient UDP-Glucose Production. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:3832-3841. [PMID: 36795895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The restricted availability of UDP-glucose, an essential precursor that targets oligo/polysaccharide and glycoside synthesis, makes its practical application difficult. Sucrose synthase (Susy), which catalyzes one-step UDP-glucose synthesis, is a promising candidate. However, due to poor thermostability of Susy, mesophilic conditions are required for synthesis, which slow down the process, limit productivity, and prevent scaled and efficient UDP-glucose preparation. Here, we obtained an engineered thermostable Susy (mutant M4) from Nitrosospira multiformis through automated prediction and greedy accumulation of beneficial mutations. The mutant improved the T1/2 value at 55 °C by 27-fold, resulting in UDP-glucose synthesis at 37 g/L/h of space-time yield that met industrial biotransformation standards. Furthermore, global interaction between mutant M4 subunits was reconstructed by newly formed interfaces according to molecular dynamics simulations, with residue Trp162 playing an important role in strengthening the interface interaction. This work enabled effective, time-saving UDP-glucose production and paved the way for rational thermostability engineering of oligomeric enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhongbao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Manfeng Hu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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9
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Shayman JA, Hinkovska-Galcheva V, Shu L. Inhibitors of Glucosylceramide Synthase. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2613:271-88. [PMID: 36587085 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glucosylceramide synthase can be targeted by high affinity small molecular weight inhibitors for the study of glycosphingolipid metabolism and function or for the treatment of glycosphingolipid storage disorders, including Gaucher and Fabry disease. This work is exemplified by the discovery and development of eliglustat tartrate, the first stand-alone small chemical entity approved for the treatment of Gaucher disease type 1. The development of inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase that have utility for either research or clinical purposes begins with a testing funnel for screening candidate inhibitors for activity against this enzyme and for activity in lowering the content of glucosylceramide in intact cells. Two common assays for glucosylceramide synthase, one enzyme based and another cell based, are the focus of this chapter.
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10
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Li Y, Yang X, Gao R. Thermophilic Inorganic Pyrophosphatase Ton1914 from Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 Removes the Inhibitory Effect of Pyrophosphate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112735. [PMID: 36361526 PMCID: PMC9653972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrophosphate (PPi) is a byproduct of over 120 biosynthetic reactions, and an overabundance of PPi can inhibit industrial synthesis. Pyrophosphatases (PPases) can effectively hydrolyze pyrophosphate to remove the inhibitory effect of pyrophosphate. In the present work, a thermophilic alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase from Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 was studied. The optimum pH and temperature of Ton1914 were 9.0 and 80 °C, respectively, and the half-life was 52 h at 70 °C and 2.5 h at 90 °C. Ton1914 showed excellent thermal stability, and its relative enzyme activity, when incubated in Tris-HCl 9.0 containing 1.6 mM Mg2+ at 90 °C for 5 h, was still 100%, which was much higher than the control, whose relative activity was only 37%. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) results showed that the promotion of Ton1914 on long-chain DNA was more efficient than that on short-chain DNA when the same concentration of templates was supplemented. The yield of long-chain products was increased by 32-41%, while that of short-chain DNA was only improved by 9.5-15%. Ton1914 also increased the yields of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose enzymatic synthesis from 40.1% to 84.8% and 20.9% to 35.4%, respectively. These findings suggested that Ton1914 has considerable potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renjun Gao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-0431-3058
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11
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Cho J, Miyagawa A, Yamaguchi K, Abe W, Tsugawa Y, Yamamura H, Imai T. UDP-Glucose: A Cereblon-Dependent Glucokinase Protein Degrader. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169094. [PMID: 36012359 PMCID: PMC9409010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that glucokinase is ubiquitinated and degraded by cereblon with an unknown endogenous glucokinase protein degrader. Here, we show that UDP-glucose is a glucokinase protein degrader. We identified that both glucose and UDP-glucose bind to glucokinase and that both uridine and UDP-glucose bind to cereblon in a similar way to thalidomide. From these results, UDP-glucose was identified as a molecular glue between cereblon and glucokinase. Glucokinase produces glucose-6-phosphate in the pancreas and liver. Especially in β-cells, glucokinase is the main target of glucose for glucose-induced insulin secretion. UDP-glucose administration ubiquitinated and degraded glucokinase, lowered glucose-6-phosphate production, and then reduced insulin secretion in β-cell lines and mice. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2) glucokinaseE256K mutant protein was resistant to UDP-glucose induced ubiquitination and degradation. Taken together, glucokinase ubiquitination and degradation signaling might be impaired in MODY2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Cho
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyagawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wakana Abe
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoji Tsugawa
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hatsuo Yamamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imai
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
- Correspondence:
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12
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Abstract
(2S)-Naringenin is an important flavonoid precursor, with multiple nutritional and pharmacological activities. Both (2S)-naringenin and other flavonoid production are hindered by poor water solubility and inhibited cell growth. To address this, we increased solubility and improved cell growth by partially glycosylating (2S)-naringenin to naringenin-7-O-glucoside, which facilitated increased extracellular secretion, by knocking out endogenous glycosyl hydrolase genes, EXG1 and SPR1, and expressing the glycosyltransferase gene (UGT733C6). Naringenin-7-O-glucoside synthesis was further improved by optimizing UDP-glucose and shikimate pathways. Then, hydrochloric acid was used to hydrolyze naringenin-7-O-glucoside to (2S)-naringenin outside the cell. Thus, our optimized Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain E32T19 produced 1184.1 mg/L (2S)-naringenin, a 7.9-fold increase on the starting strain. Therefore. we propose that glycosylation modification is a useful strategy for the efficient heterologous biosynthesis of (2S)-naringenin in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunbin Lyv
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Gao
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Wang W, Viljamaa S, Hodek O, Moritz T, Niittylä T. Sucrose synthase activity is not required for cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2022; 110:1493-1497. [PMID: 35362151 PMCID: PMC9322421 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of plant cell walls requires UDP-glucose as the substrate for cellulose biosynthesis, and as an intermediate for the synthesis of other matrix polysaccharides. The sucrose cleaving enzyme sucrose synthase (SUS) is thought to have a central role in UDP-glucose biosynthesis, and a long-held and much debated hypothesis postulates that SUS is required to supply UDP-glucose to cellulose biosynthesis. To investigate the role of SUS in cellulose biosynthesis of Arabidopsis thaliana we characterized mutants in which four or all six Arabidopsis SUS genes were disrupted. These sus mutants showed no growth phenotypes, vascular tissue cell wall defects, or changes in cellulose content. Moreover, the UDP-glucose content of rosette leaves of the sextuple sus mutants was increased by approximately 20% compared with wild type. It can thus be concluded that cellulose biosynthesis is able to employ alternative UDP-glucose biosynthesis pathway(s), and thereby the model of SUS requirements for cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis can be refuted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSE 901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Sonja Viljamaa
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSE 901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Ondrej Hodek
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSE 901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSE 901 83UmeåSweden
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSE 901 83UmeåSweden
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14
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Han Q, Yao Y, Liu Y, Zhang W, Yu J, Na H, Liu T, Mayo KH, Su J. Structural basis for glucosylsucrose synthesis by a member of the α-1,2-glucosyltransferase family. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:537-47. [PMID: 35607964 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosylsucroses are potentially useful as additives in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. Although enzymatic synthesis of glucosylsucroses is the most efficient method for their production, the key enzyme that produces them has remained unknown. Here, we report that glucosylsucrose synthase from (TeGSS) catalyzes the synthesis of glucosylsucrose using sucrose and UDP-glucose as substrates. These saccharides are homologous to glucosylsucroses produced by sp. PCC 7120 (referred to as protein alr1000). When the ratio of UDP-glucose to sucrose is relatively high, TeGSS from cyanobacteria can hydrolyze excess UDP-glucose to UDP and glucose, indicating that sucrose provides a feedback mechanism for the control of glucosylsucrose synthesis. In the present study, we solved the crystal structure of TeGSS bound to UDP and sucrose. Our structure shows that the catalytic site contains a circular region that may allow glucosylsucroses with a right-hand helical structure to enter the catalytic site. Because active site residues Tyr18 and Arg179 are proximal to UDP and sucrose, we mutate these residues (., Y18F and R179A) and show that they exhibit very low activity, supporting their role as catalytic groups. Overall, our study provides insight into the catalytic mechanism of TeGSS.
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15
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Abstract
Microbial production of bioactive glucosides using uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase (UGT) is an efficient glucoside production method. Here, we describe a detailed method for the construction of a UDP-glucose biosynthetic enzyme gene coexpression plasmid, that is, pCDF-PGP and the microbial production of prunasin from racemic mandelonitrile using Escherichia coli possessing UGT85A47 obtained from Japanese apricot. Furthermore, this constructed vector can find application in the production of various other glucosides that utilize other UGTs and aglycons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamaguchi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan.
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16
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Yuan M, Fu G, Sun Y, Zhang D. Biosynthesis and applications of curdlan. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118597. [PMID: 34560997 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Curdlan is widely applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This review focuses on the biosynthetic pathways, regulatory mechanisms and metabolic engineering strategies for curdlan production. Firstly, curdlan biosynthesis is discussed. Furthermore, various strategies to increase curdlan production are summarized from four aspects, including the overexpression of genes for curdlan biosynthesis, weakening/knockdown of genes from competing pathways, increasing the supply of curdlan precursors, and optimization of fermentation conditions. Moreover, the emerging and advanced applications of curdlan are introduced. Finally, the challenges that are frequently encountered during curdlan biosynthesis are noted with a discussion of directions for curdlan production.
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17
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Kim S, Wolfe A, Kim SE. Targeting cancer's sweet spot: UGP2 as a therapeutic vulnerability. Mol Cell Oncol 2021; 8:1990676. [PMID: 35419477 PMCID: PMC8997258 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2021.1990676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms governing metabolic reprogramming that underlie potential vulnerabilities in cancer cells is key to developing novel therapeutic strategies. The catalytic enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2) drives the production of UDP-glucose. Our recent work demonstrated the crucial role of UGP2 in cancer growth and its regulation of cellular metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Wolfe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Wolfe AL, Zhou Q, Toska E, Galeas J, Ku AA, Koche RP, Bandyopadhyay S, Scaltriti M, Lebrilla CB, McCormick F, Kim SE. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2, a regulator of glycogen synthesis and glycosylation, is critical for pancreatic cancer growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2103592118. [PMID: 34330832 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103592118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2), the enzyme that synthesizes uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose, rests at the convergence of multiple metabolic pathways, however, the role of UGP2 in tumor maintenance and cancer metabolism remains unclear. Here, we identify an important role for UGP2 in the maintenance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth in both in vitro and in vivo tumor models. We found that transcription of UGP2 is directly regulated by the Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP)-TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD) complex, identifying UGP2 as a bona fide YAP target gene. Loss of UGP2 leads to decreased intracellular glycogen levels and defects in N-glycosylation targets that are important for the survival of PDACs, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These critical roles of UGP2 in cancer maintenance, metabolism, and protein glycosylation may offer insights into therapeutic options for otherwise intractable PDACs.
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19
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Qian C, Wu Z, Sun R, Yu H, Zeng J, Rao Y, Li Y. Localization, proteomics, and metabolite profiling reveal a putative vesicular transporter for UDP-glucose. eLife 2021; 10:65417. [PMID: 34269178 PMCID: PMC8373376 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters (VNTs) mediate the selective uptake and enrichment of small-molecule neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles (SVs) and are therefore a major determinant of the synaptic output of specific neurons. To identify novel VNTs expressed on SVs (thus identifying new neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators), we conducted localization profiling of 361 solute carrier (SLC) transporters tagging with a fluorescent protein in neurons, which revealed 40 possible candidates through comparison with a known SV marker. We parallelly performed proteomics analysis of immunoisolated SVs and identified seven transporters in overlap. Ultrastructural analysis further supported that one of the transporters, SLC35D3, localized to SVs. Finally, by combining metabolite profiling with a radiolabeled substrate transport assay, we identified UDP-glucose as the principal substrate for SLC35D3. These results provide new insights into the functional role of SLC transporters in neurotransmission and improve our understanding of the molecular diversity of chemical transmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Rongbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Huasheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
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20
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Figueroa CM, Lunn JE, Iglesias AA. Nucleotide-sugar metabolism in plants: the legacy of Luis F. Leloir. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:4053-4067. [PMID: 33948638 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review commemorates the 50th anniversary of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to Luis F. Leloir 'for his discovery of sugar-nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates'. He and his co-workers discovered that activated forms of simple sugars, such as UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, are essential intermediates in the interconversion of sugars. They elucidated the biosynthetic pathways for sucrose and starch, which are the major end-products of photosynthesis, and for trehalose. Trehalose 6-phosphate, the intermediate of trehalose biosynthesis that they discovered, is now a molecule of great interest due to its function as a sugar signalling metabolite that regulates many aspects of plant metabolism and development. The work of the Leloir group also opened the doors to an understanding of the biosynthesis of cellulose and other structural cell wall polysaccharides (hemicelluloses and pectins), and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Nucleotide-sugars also serve as sugar donors for a myriad of glycosyltransferases that conjugate sugars to other molecules, including lipids, phytohormones, secondary metabolites, and proteins, thereby modifying their biological activity. In this review, we highlight the diversity of nucleotide-sugars and their functions in plants, in recognition of Leloir's rich and enduring legacy to plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000 Santa Fe,Argentina
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000 Santa Fe,Argentina
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21
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Abstract
Macrophages comprise a phenotypically and functionally diverse group of hematopoietic cells. Versatile macrophage subsets engage to ensure maintenance of tissue integrity. To perform tissue stress surveillance, macrophages express many different stress-sensing receptors, including purinergic P2X and P2Y receptors that respond to extracellular nucleotides and their sugar derivatives. Activation of G protein-coupled P2Y receptors can be both pro- and anti-inflammatory. Current examples include the observation that P2Y14 receptor promotes STAT1-mediated inflammation in pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages as well as the demonstration that P2Y11 receptor suppresses the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and concomitantly promotes the release of soluble TNF receptors from anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Here, we review macrophage regulation by P2Y purinergic receptors, both in physiological and disease-associated inflammation. Therapeutic targeting of anti-inflammatory P2Y receptor signaling is desirable to attenuate excessive inflammation in infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Conversely, anti-inflammatory P2Y receptor signaling must be suppressed during cancer therapy to preserve its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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22
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Qiao Z, Lampugnani ER, Yan XF, Khan GA, Saw WG, Hannah P, Qian F, Calabria J, Miao Y, Grüber G, Persson S, Gao YG. Structure of Arabidopsis CESA3 catalytic domain with its substrate UDP-glucose provides insight into the mechanism of cellulose synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024015118. [PMID: 33729990 PMCID: PMC7980446 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024015118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthases (CESAs) from the glycosyltransferase GT-2 family. In plants, the CESAs form a six-lobed rosette-shaped CESA complex (CSC). Here we report crystal structures of the catalytic domain of Arabidopsis thaliana CESA3 (AtCESA3CatD) in both apo and uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose (UDP-Glc)-bound forms. AtCESA3CatD has an overall GT-A fold core domain sandwiched between a plant-conserved region (P-CR) and a class-specific region (C-SR). By superimposing the structure of AtCESA3CatD onto the bacterial cellulose synthase BcsA, we found that the coordination of the UDP-Glc differs, indicating different substrate coordination during cellulose synthesis in plants and bacteria. Moreover, structural analyses revealed that AtCESA3CatD can form a homodimer mainly via interactions between specific beta strands. We confirmed the importance of specific amino acids on these strands for homodimerization through yeast and in planta assays using point-mutated full-length AtCESA3. Our work provides molecular insights into how the substrate UDP-Glc is coordinated in the CESAs and how the CESAs might dimerize to eventually assemble into CSCs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Qiao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Edwin R Lampugnani
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Ghazanfar Abbas Khan
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Wuan Geok Saw
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Patrick Hannah
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Feng Qian
- Division of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Genomics, Inc., Shanghai 201202, China
| | - Jacob Calabria
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Gerhard Grüber
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551;
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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Battistone MA, Mendelsohn AC, Brown D, Breton S. Urinary UDP-Glucose as a Novel Actionable Biomarker of Dehydration-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Ann Nutr Metab 2021. [PMID: 35226908 DOI: 10.1159/000520566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People working in "extreme" conditions termed as sugar cane workers, firefighters and military personnel are subjected to significant dehydration. Prolonged episodes of dehydration may result in acute kidney Injury (AKI). AKI is associated with inflammation and is usually diagnosed only after the kidneys have gone through significant and often irreversible damage. We showed that the P2Y14 receptor mediates renal inflammation, leading to AKI following ischemia-reperfusion-injury [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>]. P2Y14 is activated by the danger molecule UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc). Here we hypothesized that UDP-Glc is released by cells throughout the body after dehydration-induced stress. UDP-Glc is filtered by the kidney and concentrated in collecting ducts where it activates P2Y14 in intercalated cells. This would trigger renal inflammation and contribute to dehydration-associated AKI. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the participation of UDP-Glc in pro-inflammatory cell recruitment and renal dysfunction following dehydration. METHOD Mice were subjected to water deprivation for 24, 48, and 72 h. Kidney function was assessed via serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine albumin. To study proximal tubule (PT) damage, aquaporin 1 (AQP1) localization was analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF). Urinary UDP-Glc concentration was measured by LC-MS, and renal recruitment of immune cells by flow cytometry and IF. RESULTS Water deprivation induced elevations in SCr and BUN after 48 h and 72 h, relative to control. Dehydration also induced albuminuria and the redistribution of AQP1 from the plasma membrane into the PT cell body indicating PT injury. An increase in urinary UDP-Glc concentration and renal recruitment of macrophages were detected at 48 h and 72 h of dehydration. CONCLUSION This study supports the hypothesis that UDP-Glc, released by damaged cells during severe dehydration, induces the renal recruitment of inflammatory macrophages leading to PT injury and kidney dysfunction (Fig. 1). Blocking the UDP-Glc/P2Y14 pathway represents, therefore, a new therapeutic avenue for the attenuation of dehydration-induced renal inflammation and injury. In this context, urinary UDP-Glc is a promising actionable biomarker for dehydration-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Agustina Battistone
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra C Mendelsohn
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis Brown
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylvie Breton
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Priebe X, Hoang MD, Rüdiger J, Turgel M, Tröndle J, Schwab W, Weuster-Botz D. Byproduct-free geraniol glycosylation by whole-cell biotransformation with recombinant Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:247-59. [PMID: 32860164 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Geraniol, a fragrance of great importance in the consumer goods industry, can be glucosylated by the UDP-glucose-dependent glucosyltransferase VvGT14a from Vitis vinifera, yielding more stable geranyl glucoside. Escherichia coli expressing VvGT14a is a convenient whole-cell biocatalyst for this biotransformation due to its intrinsic capability for UDP-glucose regeneration. The low water solubility and high cytotoxicity of geraniol can be overcome in a biphasic system where the non-aqueous phase functions as an in situ substrate reservoir. However, the effect of different process variables on the biphasic whole-cell biotransformation is unknown. Thus, the goal of this study was to identify potential bottlenecks during biotransformation with in situ geraniol supply via isopropyl myristate as second non-aqueous phase. Results First, insufficient UDP-glucose supply could be ruled out by measurement of intracellular UDP-glucose concentrations. Instead, oxygen supply was determined as a bottleneck. Moreover, the formation of the byproduct geranyl acetate by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) was identified as a constraint for high product yields. The use of a CAT-deficient whole-cell biocatalyst prevented the formation of geranyl acetate, and geranyl glucoside could be obtained with 100% selectivity during a biotransformation on L-scale. Conclusion This study is the first to closely analyze the whole-cell biotransformation of geraniol with Escherichia coli expressing an UDP-glucose-dependent glucosyltransferase and can be used as an optimal starting point for the design of other glycosylation processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10529-020-02993-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Jia X, Zeng H, Bose SK, Wang W, Yin H. Chitosan oligosaccharide induces resistance to Pst DC3000 in Arabidopsis via a non-canonical N-glycosylation regulation pattern. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116939. [PMID: 33049851 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Roles of protein N-glycosylation in chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) induced resistance were investigated in the present study. Results demonstrated that N-glycosylation deficient Arabidopsis mutants (stt3a and ManI) were more susceptible against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) than wild type (WT) plants. Surprisingly, in stt3a and ManI, COS-induced resistance to Pst DC3000 was mostly intact, and the up-regulation effect on SA- and JA-mediated signalling pathways also similar like WT. Nucleotide sugars accumulation and N-glycosylation related genes expression were differently regulated after COS treatment. Global glycomics analysis quantified 157 N-glycan isomers, and 56.7, 50.3 and 47.1 % of them were significantly changed in COS, mock + Pst, and COS + Pst treated plants, respectively. Moreover, COS pretreatment could reverse the effect of Pst DC3000 on many N-glycans, suggesting that COS regulates protein N-glycosylation via a non-canonical pattern compared with plant defense, which may contribute to its obvious disease control effect when N-glycosylation impairment occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Jia
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haihong Zeng
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Santosh Kumar Bose
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Feng Y, Yao M, Wang Y, Ding M, Zha J, Xiao W, Yuan Y. Advances in engineering UDP-sugar supply for recombinant biosynthesis of glycosides in microbes. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107538. [PMID: 32222423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant glycosides are of great interest for industries. Glycosylation of plant secondary metabolites can greatly improve their solubility, biological activity, or stability. This allows some plant glycosides to be used as food additives, cosmetic products, health products, antisepsis and anti-cancer drugs. With the continuous expansion of market demand, a variety of biological fermentation technologies has emerged. This review focuses on recombinant microbial biosynthesis of plant glycosides, which uses UDP-sugars as precursors, and summarizes various strategies to increase the yield of glycosides with a key concentration on UDP-sugar supply based on four aspects, i.e., gene overexpression, UDP-sugar recycling, mixed fermentation, and carbon co-utilization. Meanwhile, the application potential and advantages of various techniques are introduced, which provide guidance to the development of high-yield strains for recombinant microbial production of plant glycosides. Finally, the technical challenges of glycoside biosynthesis are pointed out with discussions on future directions of improving the yield of recombinantly synthesized glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Feng
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingzhu Ding
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jian Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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Durrant C, Fuehring JI, Willemetz A, Chrétien D, Sala G, Ghidoni R, Katz A, Rötig A, Thelestam M, Ermonval M, Moore SEH. Defects in Galactose Metabolism and Glycoconjugate Biosynthesis in a UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase-Deficient Cell Line Are Reversed by Adding Galactose to the Growth Medium. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062028. [PMID: 32188137 PMCID: PMC7139386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) is synthesized by UGP2-encoded UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (UGP) and is required for glycoconjugate biosynthesis and galactose metabolism because it is a uridyl donor for galactose-1-P (Gal1P) uridyltransferase. Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts harboring a hypomrphic UGP(G116D) variant display reduced UDP-Glc levels and cannot grow if galactose is the sole carbon source. Here, these cells were cultivated with glucose in either the absence or presence of galactose in order to investigate glycoconjugate biosynthesis and galactose metabolism. The UGP-deficient cells display < 5% control levels of UDP-Glc/UDP-Gal and > 100-fold reduction of [6-3H]galactose incorporation into UDP-[6-3H]galactose, as well as multiple deficits in glycoconjugate biosynthesis. Cultivation of these cells in the presence of galactose leads to partial restoration of UDP-Glc levels, galactose metabolism and glycoconjugate biosynthesis. The Vmax for recombinant human UGP(G116D) with Glc1P is 2000-fold less than that of the wild-type protein, and UGP(G116D) displayed a mildly elevated Km for Glc1P, but no activity of the mutant enzyme towards Gal1P was detectable. To conclude, although the mechanism behind UDP-Glc/Gal production in the UGP-deficient cells remains to be determined, the capacity of this cell line to change its glycosylation status as a function of extracellular galactose makes it a useful, reversible model with which to study different aspects of galactose metabolism and glycoconjugate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Durrant
- INSERM U1149, Université de Paris, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; (C.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Jana I. Fuehring
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Alexandra Willemetz
- INSERM U1149, Université de Paris, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; (C.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Dominique Chrétien
- UMR1163, Université Paris Decartes, Sorbonnes Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France; (D.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Giusy Sala
- “Aldo Ravelli” Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- “Aldo Ravelli” Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Abram Katz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Agnès Rötig
- UMR1163, Université Paris Decartes, Sorbonnes Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France; (D.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Monica Thelestam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Myriam Ermonval
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Stuart E. H. Moore
- INSERM U1149, Université de Paris, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; (C.D.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen Y, Yin H, Sui C, Fu W, Yang Y, Ai S. Photoelectrochemical assay for DNA hydroxymethylation determination based on the inhibited photoactivity of black TiO 2 nanosphere by ZnO. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:156. [PMID: 32025819 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A photoelectrochemical method was proposed for DNA hydroxymethylation determination using black TiO2 (B-TiO2) nanosphere as photoactive material and ZnO as photoactivity inhibitor. After hydroxymethylated DNA (5hmC-DNA) was captured on the probe modified B-TiO2/ITO electrode surface through hybridization, a glycosyl can be then transferred from uridine diphosphoglucose to 5hmC-DNA and formed a covalent structure with -CH2OH in the presence of T4 β-glucosyltransferase (β-GT). Afterwards, based on a series of covalent reaction, amino functionalized ZnO nanoparticles are further immobilized to the surface of the electrode. Due to the capacity to expend the irradiation light and the photogenerated electron of electron donor, the modified ZnO nanoparticles can result in a decreased photocurrent. The developed method shows wide linear ranges from 0.05-200 nM for hydroxymethylated DNA and 1-220 unit·mL-1 for T4-β-glucosyltransferase. The corresponding determination limits were 0.013 nM and 0.24 unit·mL-1, respectively. The enzyme activity inhibited by 4-phenylimidazole was evaluated. This photoelectrochemical method shows high specificity for 5hmC-DNA (compared to 5fC, 5mC, m6A, control) and β-GT (compared to β-AGT, UGT2B7), and shows excellent stability for testing 5hmC (RSD = 2.75%). Graphical abstractSchematic representation of photoelectrochemical method for DNA hydroxymethylation and β-glucosyltransferase detection based on the glycosylation reaction of -CH2OH in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and the inhibition activity of ZnO to the photoactivity of black TiO2 nanospheres.
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Wang JH, Wang D, Li WX, Huang Y, Dai ZB, Zhang XL. [Optimization of UDP-glucose supply module and production of ginsenoside F 1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 44:4596-4604. [PMID: 31872653 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190829.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside F1 is a rare ginsenoside in medicinal plants such as Panax ginseng,P. notogingseng and P. quinquefolius. It has strong pharmacological activities of anti-tumor,anti-oxidation and anti-aging. In order to directly produce ginsenoside F1 by using inexpensive raw materials such as glucose,we integrated the codon-optimized P.ginseng dammarenediol-Ⅱ synthase(Syn Pg DDS),P.ginseng protopanaxadiol synthase(Syn Pg PPDS),P. ginseng protopanaxatriol synthase(Syn Pg PPTS) genes and Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 reductase(At CPR1) gene into triterpene chassis strain BY-T3. The transformant BY-PPT can produce protopanaxatriol. Then we integrated the Sacchromyces cerevisiae phosphoglucomutase 1(PGM1),phosphoglucomutase 2(PGM2) and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 1(UGP1) genes into chassis strain BY-PPT. The UDP-glucose supply module increased UDP-glucose production by 8. 65 times and eventually reached to 44. 30 mg·L-1 while confirmed in the transformant BY-PPT-GM. Next,we integrated the UDPglucosyltransferase Pg3-29 gene which can catalyze protopanaxatriol to produce ginsenoside F1 into chassis strain BY-PPT-GM. The transformant BY-F1 produced a small amount of ginsenoside F1 which was measured as 0. 5 mg·L-1. After the fermentation process was optimized,the titer of ginsenoside F1 could be increased by 900 times to 450. 5 mg·L-1. The high-efficiency UDP-glucose supply module in this study can provide reference for the construction of cell factories for production of saponin,and provide an important basis for further obtaining high-yield ginsenoside yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-He Wang
- College of Biotechnology,Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457,China Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308,China Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308,China
| | - Dong Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308,China Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308,China
| | - Wei-Xian Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308,China Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308,China
| | - Ying Huang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308,China Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308,China
| | - Zhu-Bo Dai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308,China Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308,China
| | - Xue-Li Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308,China Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308,China
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Barosa C, Shanmugam H, Cabral F, Jones JG. p-Aminobenzoic acid as an alternative chemical biopsy agent for human hepatic UDP-glucose. Anal Biochem 2019; 590:113511. [PMID: 31759975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was evaluated for noninvasive sampling of UDP-glucose in the liver. Six healthy subjects ingested 550 mg PABA during a breakfast meal. Urine was collected 0-2 and 2-4 h after PABA ingestion. N-acetyl PABA glucuronide (NAPG) was identified with 522 ± 212 μmol recovered in the 2-4 h urines. One of the subjects ingested 2 g of 98% [U-2H7]glucose alongside PABA and the NAPG was analyzed for positional 2H-enrichment by 2H NMR following derivatization to 5-O-acetyl monoacetone glucuronolactone. In conclusion, PABA is an effective agent for the chemical biopsy of hepatic UDP-glucose in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Barosa
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Harshitha Shanmugam
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Portugal; UNIBA- University Aldo Moro of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Fernando Cabral
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Portugal; APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Kumpf A, Partzsch A, Pollender A, Bento I, Tischler D. Two Homologous Enzymes of the GalU Family in Rhodococcus opacus 1CP- RoGalU1 and RoGalU2. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225809. [PMID: 31752319 PMCID: PMC6888414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Uridine-5’-diphosphate (UDP)-glucose is reported as one of the most versatile building blocks within the metabolism of pro- and eukaryotes. The activated sugar moiety is formed by the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (GalU). Two homologous enzymes (designated as RoGalU1 and RoGalU2) are encoded by most Rhodococcus strains, known for their capability to degrade numerous compounds, but also to synthesize natural products such as trehalose comprising biosurfactants. To evaluate their functionality respective genes of a trehalose biosurfactant producing model organism—Rhodococcus opacus 1CP—were cloned and expressed, proteins produced (yield up to 47 mg per L broth) and initially biochemically characterized. In the case of RoGalU2, the Vmax was determined to be 177 U mg−1 (uridine-5’-triphosphate (UTP)) and Km to be 0.51 mM (UTP), respectively. Like other GalUs this enzyme seems to be rather specific for the substrates UTP and glucose 1-phosphate, as it accepts only dTTP and galactose 1-phoshate in addition, but both with solely 2% residual activity. In comparison to other bacterial GalU enzymes the RoGalU2 was found to be somewhat higher in activity (factor 1.8) even at elevated temperatures. However, RoGalU1 was not obtained in an active form thus it remains enigmatic if this enzyme participates in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Kumpf
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (A.P.); (A.P.)
- EMBL Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany;
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (D.T.); Tel.: +49-234-32-22082 (A.K.); +49-234-32-22656 (D.T.)
| | - Anett Partzsch
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - André Pollender
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Isabel Bento
- EMBL Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (D.T.); Tel.: +49-234-32-22082 (A.K.); +49-234-32-22656 (D.T.)
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Li H, Li J, Jiao X, Li K, Sun Y, Zhou W, Shen Y, Qian J, Chang A, Wang J, Zhu H. Characterization of the biosynthetic pathway of nucleotide sugar precursor UDP-glucose during sphingan WL gum production in Sphingomonas sp. WG. J Biotechnol 2019; 302:1-9. [PMID: 31199955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the possible biosynthetic pathway of a precursor UDP-glucose of the sphingan WL gum produced by Sphingomonas sp. WG, two enzymes phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) were bioinformatically analysed, expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and characterized. PGM was in the phosphoglucomutase/phosphomannomutase subclass and UGPase was predicted to be a UDP-glucose pyrophosphatase in a tetrameric structure. Both enzymes were expressed in soluble form, purified to near homogeneity with high activity at 1159 and 796 U/mg, exhibited folding with reasonable secondary structures, and existed as monomer and tetramer, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature of PGM were 9.0 and 50 °C, respectively, and this protein was stable at pH 8.0 and at temperatures ranging from 40 to 50 °C. The optimal pH and temperature of UGPase were 9.0 and 45 °C, respectively, and the protein was stable at pH 8.0 and at temperatures ranging from 30 to 55 °C. A small-scale one-pot biosynthesis of UDP-glucose by combining PGM and UGPase using glucose-6-phosphate and UTP as substrates was also performed, and formation of UDP-glucose was observed by HPLC detection, which confirmed the biosynthetic pathway of UDP-glucose in vitro. PGM and UGPase will be ideal targets for the metabolic engineering to improve WL gum yields in industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Kehui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China.
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Xu Z, Zhang H, Sun X, Liu Y, Yan W, Xun W, Shen Q, Zhang R. Bacillus velezensis Wall Teichoic Acids Are Required for Biofilm Formation and Root Colonization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e02116-18. [PMID: 30552189 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02116-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere colonization by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) along plant roots facilitates the ability of PGPR to promote plant growth and health. Thus, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the root colonization process by plant-beneficial Bacillus strains is essential for the use of these strains in agriculture. Here, we observed that an sfp gene mutant of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus velezensis SQR9 was unable to form normal biofilm architecture, and differential protein expression was observed by proteomic analysis. A minor wall teichoic acid (WTA) biosynthetic protein, GgaA, was decreased over 4-fold in the Δsfp mutant, and impairment of the ggaA gene postponed biofilm formation and decreased cucumber root colonization capabilities. In addition, we provide evidence that the major WTA biosynthetic enzyme GtaB is involved in both biofilm formation and root colonization. The deficiency in biofilm formation of the ΔgtaB mutant may be due to an absence of UDP-glucose, which is necessary for the synthesis of biofilm matrix exopolysaccharides (EPS). These observations provide insights into the root colonization process by a plant-beneficial Bacillus strain, which will help improve its application as a biofertilizer.IMPORTANCE Bacillus velezensis is a Gram-positive plant-beneficial bacterium which is widely used in agriculture. Additionally, Bacillus spp. are some of the model organisms used in the study of biofilms, and as such, the molecular networks and regulation systems of biofilm formation are well characterized. However, the molecular processes involved in root colonization by plant-beneficial Bacillus strains remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that WTAs play important roles in the plant root colonization process. The loss of the gtaB gene affects the ability of B. velezensis SQR9 to sense plant polysaccharides, which are important environmental cues that trigger biofilm formation and colonization in the rhizosphere. This knowledge provides new insights into the Bacillus root colonization process and can help improve our understanding of plant-rhizobacterium interactions.
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Pei J, Sun Q, Zhao L, Shi H, Tang F, Cao F. Efficient Biotransformation of Luteolin to Isoorientin through Adjusting Induction Strategy, Controlling Acetic Acid, and Increasing UDP-Glucose Supply in Escherichia coli. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:331-340. [PMID: 30525550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Isoorientin is a C-glycosylated derivative of luteolin and exhibits a number of biological properties. In this study, multiple strategies were adopted to improve isoorientin production from luteolin in Escherichia coli. Isoorientin production was improved substantially by adjusting induction strategies and controlling acetic acid accumulation, with maximum isoorientin production reaching 826 mg/L. Additionally, a novel UDP-glucose synthesis pathway was reconstructed in E. coli through cellobiose phosphorylase-catalyzed phosphorolysis of cellobiose for the production of glucose 1-phosphate, which serves as a precursor in UDP-glucose formation. The results from two mechanisms of UDP-glucose formation in E. coli, cellobiose phosphorolysis and sucrose phosphorolysis, were compared. Increasing the UDP-glucose supply resulted in maximal isoorientin production reaching 1371 mg/L. Finally, isoorientin (1059 mg) was obtained from 1 L of fermentation broth by simple purification steps with a yield of 81.5%. Therefore, this study provides an efficient method for isoorientin production and a novel UDP-glucose synthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Pei
- College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Qing Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Hao Shi
- Huaiyin Institute of Technology , Huaiyin 223002 , China
| | - Feng Tang
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan , Beijing 100102 , China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass , Nanjing 210037 , China
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Abstract
UDP-sugars are important substrates for the synthesis of various cellular glycans and glycoconjugates, many of which play essential roles in the pathobiology of diseases associated with deranged glucose metabolism, such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. Hence, their analysis from cultured cells and especially from tissue samples can give valuable information. This chapter describes a method for UDP-sugar isolation from various sources utilizing ion-pair solid-phase extraction with graphitized carbon cartridges, and their analysis using anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Oikari
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Markku I Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Kohlberger M, Thalhamer T, Weiss R, Tenhaken R. Arabidopsis MAP-Kinase 3 Phosphorylates UDP-Glucose Dehydrogenase: a Key Enzyme Providing UDP-Sugar for Cell Wall Biosynthesis. Plant Mol Biol Report 2018; 36:870-877. [PMID: 30930530 PMCID: PMC6404385 DOI: 10.1007/s11105-018-1130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD) competes with sucrose-phosphate synthase for the common photosynthesis product UDP-glucose. Sucrose-phosphate synthase is part of a pathway for the export of sucrose from source leaves to neighboring cells or the phloem. UGD is a central enzyme in a pathway for many nucleotide sugars used in local cell wall biosynthesis. Here, we identify a highly conserved phosphorylation site in UGD which is readily phosphorylated by MAP-kinase 3 in Arabidopsis. Phosphorylation occurs at a surface-exposed extra loop in all plant UGDs that is absent in UGDs from bacteria or animals. Phosphorylated sucrose-phosphate synthase is shifted to an inactive form which we did not measure for phosphorylated UGD. Plant UGDs have an extra loop which is phosphorylated by AtMPK3. Phosphorylation is not causing a reduction of UGD activity as found for the competitor enzymes and thus sets a preference for maintaining UDP-sugars at a constant level to prioritize cell wall biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kohlberger
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Physiology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Thalhamer
- Department of Biosciences, Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Biosciences, Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Raimund Tenhaken
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Physiology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Zha J, Zang Y, Mattozzi M, Plassmeier J, Gupta M, Wu X, Clarkson S, Koffas MAG. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for anthocyanin production. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:143. [PMID: 30217197 PMCID: PMC6138892 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anthocyanins such as cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) have wide applications in industry as food colorants. Their current production heavily relies on extraction from plant tissues. Development of a sustainable method to produce anthocyanins is of considerable interest for industrial use. Previously, E. coli-based microbial production of anthocyanins has been investigated extensively. However, safety concerns on E. coli call for the adoption of a safe production host. In the present study, a GRAS bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum, was introduced as the host strain to synthesize C3G. We adopted stepwise metabolic engineering strategies to improve the production titer of C3G. Results Anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) from Petunia hybrida and 3-O-glucosyltransferase (3GT) from Arabidopsis thaliana were coexpressed in C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 to drive the conversion from catechin to C3G. Optimized expression of ANS and 3GT improved the C3G titer by 1- to 15-fold. Further process optimization and improvement of UDP-glucose availability led to ~ 40 mg/L C3G production, representing a > 100-fold titer increase compared to production in the un-engineered, un-optimized starting strain. Conclusions For the first time, we successfully achieved the production of the specialty anthocyanin C3G from the comparatively inexpensive flavonoid precursor catechin in C. glutamicum. This study opens up more possibility of C. glutamicum as a host microbe for the biosynthesis of useful and value-added natural compounds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0990-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Ying Zang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | | | | | - Mamta Gupta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Department of Environmental Sciences, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144 001, India
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | | | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Serious and often fatal acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently seen after major surgery, local and remote organ damage, and sepsis. It is associated with uncontrolled inflammation, and is usually diagnosed only after the kidneys have gone through significant and often irreversible damage. SUMMARY During our work involving another type of kidney disease that leads to acid-base disorders of the blood, we unexpectedly found high levels of a protein called the P2Y14 "purinergic" receptor, in specialized kidney epithelial cells called intercalated cells (ICs). These cells are responsible for maintaining whole body acid-base balance by regulating the secretion of excess protons into the urine, which normalizes blood pH. However, it turns out that the P2Y14 receptor in these cells responds to a molecule called uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose, which is a danger signal released by damaged cells anywhere in the body. When UDP-glucose reaches the kidney, it stimulates ICs to produce chemoattractant cytokines; this results in renal inflammation and contributes to the onset of AKI. Key Message: Thus, our work now points to ICs as key mediators of renal inflammation and AKI, following surgery and/or damage to remote organs, sepsis, and also local insults to the kidney itself. The link between the proton secreting ICs of the kidney and AKI is an example of how a fundamental research project with a defined aim, in this case understanding acid-base homeostasis, can lead to a novel observation that has unexpected but major implications in another area of human health.
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Hill NS, Zuke JD, Buske PJ, Chien AC, Levin PA. A nutrient-dependent division antagonist is regulated post-translationally by the Clp proteases in Bacillus subtilis. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:29. [PMID: 29625553 PMCID: PMC5889556 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in nutrient availability have dramatic and well-defined impacts on both transcription and translation in bacterial cells. At the same time, the role of post-translational control in adaptation to nutrient-poor environments is poorly understood. Previous studies demonstrate the ability of the glucosyltransferase UgtP to influence cell size in response to nutrient availability. Under nutrient-rich medium, interactions with its substrate UDP-glucose promote interactions between UgtP and the tubulin-like cell division protein FtsZ in Bacillus subtilis, inhibiting maturation of the cytokinetic ring and increasing cell size. In nutrient-poor medium, reductions in UDP-glucose availability favor UgtP oligomerization, sequestering it from FtsZ and allowing division to occur at a smaller cell mass. RESULTS Intriguingly, in nutrient-poor conditions UgtP levels are reduced ~ 3-fold independent of UDP-glucose. B. subtilis cells cultured under different nutrient conditions indicate that UgtP accumulation is controlled through a nutrient-dependent post-translational mechanism dependent on the Clp proteases. Notably, all three B. subtilis Clp chaperones appeared able to target UgtP for degradation during growth in nutrient-poor conditions. CONCLUSIONS Together these findings highlight conditional proteolysis as a mechanism for bacterial adaptation to a rapidly changing nutritional landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert S Hill
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, 63130, MO, USA.,Present address: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, CA, USA
| | - Jason D Zuke
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, 63130, MO, USA.,Present address: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, WI, USA
| | - P J Buske
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, 63130, MO, USA.,Present address: Clinical Immunology and Bioanalysis, MedImmune LLC, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - An-Chun Chien
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, 63130, MO, USA.,Leukaemia & Blood Cancer Research Unit, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Petra Anne Levin
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, 63130, MO, USA.
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40
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Abbas ZSB, Latif ML, Dovlatova N, Fox SC, Heptinstall S, Dunn WR, Ralevic V. UDP-sugars activate P2Y 14 receptors to mediate vasoconstriction of the porcine coronary artery. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 103-105:36-46. [PMID: 29253618 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims UDP-sugars can act as extracellular signalling molecules, but relatively little is known about their cardiovascular actions. The P2Y14 receptor is a Gi/o-coupled receptor which is activated by UDP-glucose and related sugar nucleotides. In this study we sought to investigate whether P2Y14 receptors are functionally expressed in the porcine coronary artery using a selective P2Y14 receptor agonist, MRS2690, and a novel selective P2Y14 receptor antagonist, PPTN (4,7-disubstituted naphthoic acid derivative). Methods and results Isometric tension recordings were used to evaluate the effects of UDP-sugars in porcine isolated coronary artery segments. The effects of the P2 receptor antagonists suramin and PPADS, the P2Y14 receptor antagonist PPTN, and the P2Y6 receptor antagonist MRS2578, were investigated. Measurement of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation using flow cytometry was used to assess changes in cAMP levels. UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronic acid UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (P2Y14 receptor agonists), elicited concentration-dependent contractions of the porcine coronary artery. MRS2690 was a more potent vasoconstrictor than the UDP-sugars. Concentration dependent contractile responses to MRS2690 and UDP-sugars were enhanced in the presence of forskolin (activator of cAMP), where the level of basal tone was maintained by addition of U46619, a thromboxane A2 mimetic. Contractile responses to MRS2690 were blocked by PPTN, but not by MRS2578. Contractile responses to UDP-glucose were also attenuated by PPTN and suramin, but not by MRS2578. Forskolin-induced VASP-phosphorylation was reduced in porcine coronary arteries exposed to UDP-glucose and MRS2690, consistent with P2Y14 receptor coupling to Gi/o proteins and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity. Conclusions Our data support a role of UDP-sugars as extracellular signalling molecules and show for the first time that they mediate contraction of porcine coronary arteries via P2Y14 receptors.
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Hill BL, Figueroa CM, Asencion Diez MD, Lunn JE, Iglesias AA, Ballicora MA. On the stability of nucleoside diphosphate glucose metabolites: implications for studies of plant carbohydrate metabolism. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:3331-3337. [PMID: 28859372 PMCID: PMC5853320 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate sugars (NDP-sugars) are the substrates for biosynthesis of oligo- and polysaccharides, such as starch and cellulose, and are also required for biosynthesis of nucleotides, ascorbic acid, several cofactors, glycoproteins and many secondary metabolites. A controversial study that questions the generally accepted pathway of ADP-glucose and starch synthesis in plants is based, in part, on claims that NDP-sugars are unstable at alkaline pH in the presence of Mg2+ and that this instability can lead to unreliable results from in vitro assays of enzyme activities. If substantiated, this claim would have far-reaching implications for many published studies that report on the activities of NDP-sugar metabolizing enzymes. To resolve this controversy, we investigated the stability of UDP- and ADP-glucose using biophysical, namely nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and highly specific enzymatic methods. Results obtained with both techniques indicate that NDP-sugars are not as unstable as previously suggested. Moreover, their calculated in vitro half-lives are significantly higher than estimates of their in planta turnover times. This indicates that the physico-chemical stability of NDP-sugars has little impact on their concentrations in vivo and that NDP-sugar levels are determined primarily by the relative rates of enzymatic synthesis and consumption. Our results refute one of the main arguments for the controversial pathway of starch synthesis from imported ADP-glucose produced by sucrose synthase in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1068 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Matías D Asencion Diez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Miguel A Ballicora
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1068 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
More than 5 decades of work support the idea that cell envelope synthesis, including the inward growth of cell division, is tightly coordinated with DNA replication and protein synthesis through central metabolism. Remarkably, no unifying model exists to account for how these fundamentally disparate processes are functionally coupled. Recent studies demonstrate that proteins involved in carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism can moonlight as direct regulators of cell division, coordinate cell division and DNA replication, and even suppress defects in DNA replication. In this minireview, we focus on studies illustrating the intimate link between metabolism and regulation of peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis during growth and division, and we identify the following three recurring themes. (i) Nutrient availability, not growth rate, is the primary determinant of cell size. (ii) The degree of gluconeogenic flux is likely to have a profound impact on the metabolites available for cell envelope synthesis, so growth medium selection is a critical consideration when designing and interpreting experiments related to morphogenesis. (iii) Perturbations in pathways relying on commonly shared and limiting metabolites, like undecaprenyl phosphate (Und-P), can lead to pleotropic phenotypes in unrelated pathways.
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43
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Alvin JW, Lacy DB. Clostridium difficile toxin glucosyltransferase domains in complex with a non-hydrolyzable UDP-glucose analogue. J Struct Biol 2017; 198:203-209. [PMID: 28433497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis worldwide. The organism produces two homologous toxins, TcdA and TcdB, which enter and disrupt host cell function by glucosylating and thereby inactivating key signalling molecules within the host. As a toxin-mediated disease, there has been a significant interest in identifying small molecule inhibitors of the toxins' glucosyltransferase activities. This study was initiated as part of an effort to identify the mode of inhibition for a small molecule inhibitor of glucosyltransferase activity called apigenin. In the course of trying to get co-crystals with this inhibitor, we determined five different structures of the TcdA and TcdB glucosyltransferase domains and made use of a non-hydrolyzable UDP-glucose substrate. While we were able to visualize apigenin bound in one of our structures, the site was a crystal packing interface and not likely to explain the mode of inhibition. Nevertheless, the structure allowed us to capture an apo-state (one without the sugar nucleotide substrate) of the TcdB glycosyltransferase domain that had not been previously observed. Comparison of this structure with structures obtained in the presence of a non-hydrolyzable UDP-glucose analogue have allowed us to document multiple conformations of a C-terminal loop important for catalysis. We present our analysis of these five new structures with the hope that it will advance inhibitor design efforts for this important class of biological toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Alvin
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - D Borden Lacy
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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44
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Janse van Rensburg HC, Van den Ende W. UDP-Glucose: A Potential Signaling Molecule in Plants? Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:2230. [PMID: 29375604 PMCID: PMC5767297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This perspective paper focuses on the most recent results suggesting a potential role for UDP-Glucose as a signaling molecule in plants. In animals, UDP-Glucose is well-established as an extracellular signaling molecule that is sensed by G-protein coupled receptors, activating several downstream defense mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that abnormal growth occurred in both vegetative and reproductive tissue of plants with reduced UDP-Glucose levels, and this could be rescued by exogenous UDP-Glucose. In plants with increased biomass accumulation, the genes involved in UDP-Glucose production were up-regulated. However, excessive endogenous accumulation of UDP-Glucose induced programmed cell death (PCD), and this could also be obtained by exogenous UDP-Glucose application. Plants with decreased UDP-glucose were insensitive to pathogen induced PCD. We speculate that UDP-Glucose acts as an extracellular signaling molecule in plants, and that it may be perceived as a damage-associated molecular pattern.
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Pei J, Dong P, Wu T, Zhao L, Fang X, Cao F, Tang F, Yue Y. Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for Astragalin Biosynthesis. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:7966-7972. [PMID: 27730814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Astragalin (kaempferol 3-O-glucoside) is used as a standard to assess the quality of Radix astragali and has exhibited a number of biological properties. In this work, we screened several UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGT) for their potential as efficient biocatalysts for astragalin synthesis. The highest astragalin production with 285 mg/L was detected in the recombinant strain expressing UGT from Arabidopis thaliana (AtUGT78D2). To further improve astragalin production, an efficient UDP-glucose synthesis pathway was reconstructed in the recombinant strain by introducing sucrose permease, sucrose phosphorylase, and uridylyltransferase. On the basis of those results, a recombinant strain, BL21-II, was constructed to produce astragalin. By optimizing conversion conditions, astragalin production was increased from 570 to 1708 mg/L. The production was scaled up using a fed-batch fermentation, and maximal astragalin production was 3600 mg/L, with a specific productivity of 150 mg/L/h after 24 h incubation and a corresponding molar conversion of 91.9%, the highest yield reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Pei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianying Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Tang
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Yongde Yue
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
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Ferreira MAR, Jansen R, Willemsen G, Penninx B, Bain LM, Vicente CT, Revez JA, Matheson MC, Hui J, Tung JY, Baltic S, Le Souëf P, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Robertson CF, James A, Thompson PJ, Boomsma DI, Hopper JL, Hinds DA, Werder RB, Phipps S. Gene-based analysis of regulatory variants identifies 4 putative novel asthma risk genes related to nucleotide synthesis and signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:1148-1157. [PMID: 27554816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hundreds of genetic variants are thought to contribute to variation in asthma risk by modulating gene expression. Methods that increase the power of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to identify risk-associated variants are needed. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop a method that aggregates the evidence for association with disease risk across expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) of a gene and use this approach to identify asthma risk genes. METHODS We developed a gene-based test and software package called EUGENE that (1) is applicable to GWAS summary statistics; (2) considers both cis- and trans-eQTLs; (3) incorporates eQTLs identified in different tissues; and (4) uses simulations to account for multiple testing. We applied this approach to 2 published asthma GWASs (combined n = 46,044) and used mouse studies to provide initial functional insights into 2 genes with novel genetic associations. RESULTS We tested the association between asthma and 17,190 genes that were found to have cis- and/or trans-eQTLs across 16 published eQTL studies. At an empirical FDR of 5%, 48 genes were associated with asthma risk. Of these, for 37, the association was driven by eQTLs located in established risk loci for allergic disease, including 6 genes not previously implicated in disease cause (eg, LIMS1, TINF2, and SAFB). The remaining 11 significant genes represent potential novel genetic associations with asthma. The association with 4 of these replicated in an independent GWAS: B4GALT3, USMG5, P2RY13, and P2RY14, which are genes involved in nucleotide synthesis or nucleotide-dependent cell activation. In mouse studies, P2ry13 and P2ry14-purinergic receptors activated by adenosine 5-diphosphate and UDP-sugars, respectively-were upregulated after allergen challenge, notably in airway epithelial cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Intranasal exposure with receptor agonists induced the release of IL-33 and subsequent eosinophil infiltration into the lungs. CONCLUSION We identified novel associations between asthma and eQTLs for 4 genes related to nucleotide synthesis/signaling and demonstrated the power of gene-based analyses of GWASs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa M Bain
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Joana A Revez
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melanie C Matheson
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | | | - Svetlana Baltic
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Peter Le Souëf
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, Australia
| | | | | | - Colin F Robertson
- Respiratory Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alan James
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Philip J Thompson
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L Hopper
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Rhiannon B Werder
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Sesma JI, Weitzer CD, Livraghi-Butrico A, Dang H, Donaldson S, Alexis NE, Jacobson KA, Harden TK, Lazarowski ER. UDP-glucose promotes neutrophil recruitment in the lung. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:627-635. [PMID: 27421735 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their role in glycosylation reactions, UDP-sugars are released from cells and activate widely distributed cell surface P2Y14 receptors (P2Y14R). However, the physiological/pathophysiological consequences of UDP-sugar release are incompletely defined. Here, we report that UDP-glucose levels are abnormally elevated in lung secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) as well as in a mouse model of CF-like disease, the βENaC transgenic (Tg) mouse. Instillation of UDP-glucose into wild-type mouse tracheas resulted in enhanced neutrophil lung recruitment, and this effect was nearly abolished when UDP-glucose was co-instilled with the P2Y14R antagonist PPTN [4-(piperidin-4-yl)-phenyl)-7-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl-2-naphthoic acid]. Importantly, administration of PPTN to βENaC-Tg mice reduced neutrophil lung inflammation. These results suggest that UDP-glucose released into the airways acts as a local mediator of neutrophil inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana I Sesma
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 6007 Thurston-Bowles Building, CB 7248, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA
| | - Clarissa D Weitzer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 6007 Thurston-Bowles Building, CB 7248, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 6007 Thurston-Bowles Building, CB 7248, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA
| | - Scott Donaldson
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 6007 Thurston-Bowles Building, CB 7248, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Kendall Harden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eduardo R Lazarowski
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 6007 Thurston-Bowles Building, CB 7248, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA.
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Beerens K, Soetaert W, Desmet T. UDP-hexose 4-epimerases: a view on structure, mechanism and substrate specificity. Carbohydr Res 2015; 414:8-14. [PMID: 26162744 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UDP-sugar 4-epimerase (GalE) belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily of proteins and is one of enzymes in the Leloir pathway. They have been shown to be important virulence factors in a number of Gram-negative pathogens and to be involved in the biosynthesis of different polysaccharide structures. The metabolic disease type III galactosemia is caused by detrimental mutations in the human GalE. GalE and related enzymes display unusual enzymologic, chemical, and stereochemical properties; including irreversible binding of the cofactor NAD and uridine nucleotide-induced activation of this cofactor. These epimerases have been found active on UDP-hexoses, the N-acetylated and uronic acid forms thereof as well as UDP-pentoses. As they are involved in different pathways and functions, a deeper understanding of the enzymes, and their substrate promiscuity and/or selectivity, could lead to drug and vaccine design as well as antibiotic and probiotic development. This review summarizes the research performed on UDP-sugar 4-epimerases' structure, mechanism and substrate promiscuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Beerens
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Wim Soetaert
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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De Bruyn F, De Paepe B, Maertens J, Beauprez J, De Cocker P, Mincke S, Stevens C, De Mey M. Development of an in vivo glucosylation platform by coupling production to growth: Production of phenolic glucosides by a glycosyltransferase of Vitis vinifera. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1594-603. [PMID: 25728421 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation of small molecules can significantly alter their properties such as solubility, stability, and/or bioactivity, making glycosides attractive and highly demanded compounds. Consequently, many biotechnological glycosylation approaches have been developed, with enzymatic synthesis and whole-cell biocatalysis as the most prominent techniques. However, most processes still suffer from low yields, production rates and inefficient UDP-sugar formation. To this end, a novel metabolic engineering strategy is presented for the in vivo glucosylation of small molecules in Escherichia coli W. This strategy focuses on the introduction of an alternative sucrose metabolism using sucrose phosphorylase for the direct and efficient generation of glucose 1-phosphate as precursor for UDP-glucose formation and fructose, which serves as a carbon source for growth. By targeted gene deletions, a split metabolism is created whereby glucose 1-phosphate is rerouted from the glycolysis to product formation (i.e., glucosylation). Further, the production pathway was enhanced by increasing and preserving the intracellular UDP-glucose pool. Expression of a versatile glucosyltransferase from Vitis vinifera (VvGT2) enabled the strain to efficiently produce 14 glucose esters of various hydroxycinnamates and hydroxybenzoates with conversion yields up to 100%. To our knowledge, this fast growing (and simultaneously producing) E. coli mutant is the first versatile host described for the glucosylation of phenolic acids in a fermentative way using only sucrose as a cheap and sustainable carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik De Bruyn
- Centre of Expertise - Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Brecht De Paepe
- Centre of Expertise - Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Maertens
- Centre of Expertise - Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joeri Beauprez
- Centre of Expertise - Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Cocker
- Centre of Expertise - Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stein Mincke
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Stevens
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjan De Mey
- Centre of Expertise - Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Turáková K, Pavlíková L, Messingerová L, Lakatoš B, Breier A, Sulová Z. Reduced UDP-glucose Levels Are Associated with P-glycoprotein Over-expression in L1210 Cells and Limit Glucosylceramide Synthase Activity. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:2627-2634. [PMID: 25964538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression in neoplastic cells is known to reduce cell sensitivity to several cytotoxic Pgp substrates. A member of the ABC transporter family, Pgp, represents the most frequently described membrane efflux pump and its expression in neoplastic cells is responsible for multi-drug resistance. Several lines of evidence indicate that the expression and increased function of both Pgp and glucosylceramide synthase (GCS, an enzyme responsible for ceramide pathway de-activation in the regulation of apoptosis progression) enhance the resistance of Pgp-positive cells. Previously, we described a reduction in the uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose contents of mouse leukemia cells (R) expressing Pgp due to vincristine selection compared to parental L1210 cells (S). The reduced availability of UDP-glucose as a glucose donor in R cell glycosylation reactions could limit GCS-catalyzed ceramide glycosylation. Consequently, the over-expression of Pgp in Pgp-positive L1210 cells may be associated with reduced ceramide glycosylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS To test this idea, we measured the expression and activities of Pgp and GCS, UDP-glucose levels, cellular uptake of C12-NBD-ceramide (a fluorescent analogue of ceramide) and ceramide-induced cell death in S and R cells. T-cells, another Pgp-positive variant of L1210 cells that express Pgp due to their transfection with a gene encoding human Pgp were also used in this study. RESULTS We detected significantly reduced levels of C12-NBD-ceramide glycosylation and reduced UDP-glucose contents in Pgp-positive R and T-cells compared to S cells. C12-NBD-ceramide uptake assays revealed nearly identical dynamics of uptake time-dependency curves. The Pgp-positive L1210 variants (R and T) are more sensitive than Pgp-negative S cells to ceramide-induced cell damage, as measured by an fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled annexin V and propidium iodide apoptosis necrosis kit. Short chain C2-ceramide was more effective at inducing cell damage than ceramide analogues with longer chains. CONCLUSION These evidence indicates that the down-regulation of UDP-glucose contents in Pgp-positive L1210 cells is responsible for their collateral sensitivity to ceramide-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Turáková
- Institute of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Pavlíková
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Messingerová
- Institute of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Boris Lakatoš
- Institute of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Albert Breier
- Institute of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zdena Sulová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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