1
|
Lavallard V, Cerutti B, Audétat-Voirol MC, Broers B, Sader J, Galetto-Lacour A, Hausmann S, Savoldelli GL, Nendaz M, Escher M. Formative assessments during COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study on performance and experiences of medical students. MedEdPublish (2016) 2023; 13:7. [PMID: 37942501 PMCID: PMC10628360 DOI: 10.12688/mep.19428.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Because of COVID-19, the 2020 written medical examinations were replaced by mandatory formative online assessments. This study aimed to determine students' performance, self-assessment of performance, and perception about the switch from a summative to a formative approach. Methods: Medical students from year 2 to 5 (n=648) were included. They could repeat each test once or twice. They rated their performance after each attempt and were then given their score. Detailed feedback was given at the end of the session. An online survey determined medical students' perception about the reorganization of education. Two items concerned the switch from summative to formative assessments Results: Formative assessments involved 2385 examinees totaling 3197 attempts. Among examinees, 30.8% made at least 2 attempts. Scores increased significantly at the second attempt (median 9.4, IQR 10.8), and duration decreased (median -31.0, IQR 48.0). More than half of examinees (54.6%) underestimated their score, female students more often than male. Low performers overestimated, while high performers underestimated their scores. Students approved of the switch to formative assessments. Stress was lessened but motivation for learning decreased. Conclusions: Medical students' better scores at a second attempt support a benefit of detailed feedback, learning time and re-test opportunity on performance. Decreased learning motivation and a minority of students repeating the formative assessments point to the positive influence of summative assessment on learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Cerutti
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claude Audétat-Voirol
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Broers
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia Sader
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Annick Galetto-Lacour
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Georges L. Savoldelli
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Anesthesia, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Nendaz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Monica Escher
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cottet-Dumoulin D, Perrier Q, Lavallard V, Matthey-Doret D, Fonseca LM, Bignard J, Hanna R, Parnaud G, Lebreton F, Bellofatto K, Berishvili E, Berney T, Bosco D. Intercellular contacts affect secretion and biosynthesis of pancreatic islet cells. J Endocrinol 2023:JOE-22-0304. [PMID: 37256642 DOI: 10.1530/joe-22-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell protein biosynthesis is regulated by different factors, but implication of intercellular contacts on alpha and beta cell protein biosynthesis activity has not been yet investigated. Islet cell biosynthetic activity is essential in regulating not only the hormonal reserve within cells but also in renewing all the proteins involved in the control of secretion. Here we aimed to assess whether intercellular interactions affected similarly secretion and protein biosynthesis of rat alpha and beta cells. Insulin and glucagon secretion were analyzed by ELISA or reverse hemolytic plaque assay, and protein biosynthesis evaluated at single cell level using bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging. Regarding beta cells, we showed a positive correlation between insulin secretion and protein biosynthesis. We also observed that homologous contacts increased both activities at low or moderate glucose concentrations. By contrast, at high glucose concentration, homologous contacts increased insulin secretion and not protein biosynthesis. In addition, heterogeneous contacts between beta and alpha cells had no impact on insulin secretion and protein biosynthesis. Regarding alpha cells, we showed that when they were in contact with beta cells, they increased their glucagon secretion in response to a drop of glucose concentration but, on the other hand, they decreased their protein biosynthesis under any glucose concentrations. All together, these results emphasize the role of intercellular contacts on the function of islet cells, showing that intercellular contacts increased protein biosynthesis in beta cells, except at high glucose, and decreased protein biosynthesis in alpha cells even when glucagon secretion is stimulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Cottet-Dumoulin
- D Cottet-Dumoulin, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Perrier
- Q Perrier, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- V Lavallard, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - David Matthey-Doret
- D Matthey-Doret, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mar Fonseca
- L Fonseca, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Bignard
- J Bignard, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Reine Hanna
- R Hanna, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Geraldine Parnaud
- G Parnaud, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Lebreton
- F Lebreton, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- K Bellofatto, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- E Berishvili, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- T Berney, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- D Bosco, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneve, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lavallard V, Cerutti B, Audétat-Voirol MC, Broers B, Sader J, Galetto-Lacour A, Hausmann S, Savoldelli GL, Nendaz M, Escher M. Formative assessments during COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study on performance and experiences of medical students. MedEdPublish 2023. [DOI: 10.12688/mep.19428.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Because of COVID-19, the 2020 written medical examinations were replaced by mandatory formative online assessments. This study aimed to determine students’ performance, self-assessment of performance, and perception about the switch from a summative to a formative approach. Methods: Medical students from year 2 to 5 (n=648) were included. They could repeat each test once or twice. They rated their performance after each attempt and were then given their score. Detailed feedback was given at the end of the session. An online survey determined medical students’ perception about the reorganization of education. Two items concerned the switch from summative to formative assessments Results: Formative assessments involved 2385 examinees totaling 3197 attempts. Among examinees, 30.8% made at least 2 attempts. Scores increased significantly at the second attempt (median 9.4, IQR 10.8), and duration decreased (median -31.0, IQR 48.0). More than half of examinees (54.6%) underestimated their score, female students more often than male. Low performers overestimated, while high performers underestimated their scores. Students approved of the switch to formative assessments. Stress was lessened but motivation for learning decreased. Conclusions: Medical students’ better scores at a second attempt support a benefit of detailed feedback, learning time and re-test opportunity on performance. Decreased learning motivation and a minority of students repeating the formative assessments point to the positive influence of summative assessment on learning.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wurth S, Sader J, Cerutti B, Broers B, Nadia Bajwa M, Carballo S, Escher M, Galetto-Lacour A, Grosgurin O, Lavallard V, Savoldelli G, Serratrice J, Nendaz M, Audétat-Voiro MC. Correction to: Medical students' perceptions and coping strategies during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: studies, clinical implication, and professional identity. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:232. [PMID: 35365127 PMCID: PMC8972896 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Wurth
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia Sader
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Cerutti
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Broers
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Nadia Bajwa
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Carballo
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Monica Escher
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Annick Galetto-Lacour
- Department of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Grosgurin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Georges Savoldelli
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Anaesthesia, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Serratrice
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Nendaz
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claude Audétat-Voiro
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nendaz M, Audétat Voirol MC, Fassier T, Lavallard V, Broers B, Chanson M, Savoldelli G, Escher M. [COVID-19 pandemics and medical training : supporting and trusting students]. Rev Med Suisse 2022; 18:131-133. [PMID: 35084140 DOI: 10.53738/revmed.2022.18.766.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemics has deeply impacted academic teaching and forced a complete shift to distance learning formats during the first and second waves. Medical education, among other professional training programs, relies also on practical and clinical immersion, while some of these clinical activities had to be postponed. This article analyzes how one medical school was able to maintain its teaching while ensuring clinical training and taking into account the psychological impact imputed to the lockdown. It also highlights the learning opportunities and unprecedented life experiences contributing to the training of tomorrow's physicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nendaz
- Unité de développement et de recherche en éducation médicale, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
| | - Marie-Claude Audétat Voirol
- Unité de développement et de recherche en éducation médicale, Département de santé et médecine communautaires, Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
| | - Thomas Fassier
- Centre interprofessionnel de simulation, Département de réadaptation et gériatrie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Dicastère enseignement, Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
| | - Barbara Broers
- Dicastère enseignement, Département de santé et médecine communautaires, Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
| | - Marc Chanson
- Département de physiologie cellulaire et métabolisme, Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
| | - Georges Savoldelli
- Unité de développement et de recherche en éducation médicale, Département d'anesthésiologie, pharmacologie, soins intensifs et urgences, Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
| | - Monica Escher
- Dicastère enseignement, Département de réadaptation et gériatrie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wurth S, Sader J, Cerutti B, Broers B, Bajwa NM, Carballo S, Escher M, Galetto-Lacour A, Grosgurin O, Lavallard V, Savoldelli G, Serratrice J, Nendaz M, Audétat-Voirol MC. Medical students' perceptions and coping strategies during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: studies, clinical implication, and professional identity. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21:620. [PMID: 34915888 PMCID: PMC8674407 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic during spring 2020 has disrupted medical education worldwide. The University of Geneva decided to shift on-site classwork to online learning; many exams were transformed from summative to formative evaluations and most clinical activities were suspended. We aimed to investigate the perceived impact of those adaptations by the students at the Faculty of Medicine. METHODS We sent an online self-administered survey to medical students from years 2 to 6 of the University of Geneva, three months after the beginning of the pandemic. The survey explored students' main activities during the first three months of the pandemic, the impact of the crisis on their personal life, on their training and on their professional identity, the level of stress they experienced and which coping strategies they developed. The survey consisted of open-ended and closed questions and was administered in French. RESULTS A total of 58.8% of students responded (n = 467) and were homogeneously distributed across gender. At the time of the survey, two thirds of the participants were involved in COVID-19-related activities; 72.5% voluntarily participated, mainly fueled by a desire to help and feel useful. Many participants (58.8%) reported a feeling of isolation encountered since the start of the pandemic. Main coping strategies reported were physical activity and increased telecommunications with their loved ones. Most students described a negative impact of the imposed restrictions on their training, reporting decreased motivation and concentration in an unusual or distraction-prone study environment at home and missing interactions with peers and teachers. Students recruited to help at the hospital in the context of increasing staff needs reported a positive impact due to the enriched clinical exposure. Perceived stress levels were manageable across the surveyed population. If changed, the crisis had a largely positive impact on students' professional identity; most highlighted the importance of the health care profession for society and confirmed their career choice. CONCLUSION Through this comprehensive picture, our study describes the perceived impact of the pandemic on University of Geneva medical students, their training and their professional identity three months after the start of the pandemic. These results allowed us to gain valuable insight that reinforced the relevance of assessing the evolution of the situation in the long run and the importance of developing institutional support tools for medical students throughout their studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Wurth
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia Sader
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Cerutti
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Broers
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia M Bajwa
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Carballo
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Monica Escher
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Annick Galetto-Lacour
- Department of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Grosgurin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Georges Savoldelli
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Anaesthesia, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Serratrice
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Nendaz
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claude Audétat-Voirol
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wassmer CH, Bellofatto K, Perez L, Lavallard V, Cottet-Dumoulin D, Ljubicic S, Parnaud G, Bosco D, Berishvili E, Lebreton F. Engineering of Primary Pancreatic Islet Cell Spheroids for Three-dimensional Culture or Transplantation: A Methodological Comparative Study. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720937292. [PMID: 32749168 PMCID: PMC7563811 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720937292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture by engineering spheroids has gained increasing attention in recent years because of the potential advantages of such systems over conventional two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture. Benefits include the ability of 3D to provide a more physiologically relevant environment, for the generation of uniform, size-controlled spheroids with organ-like microarchitecture and morphology. In recent years, different techniques have been described for the generation of cellular spheroids. Here, we have compared the efficiency of four different methods of islet cell aggregation. Rat pancreatic islets were dissociated into single cells before reaggregation. Spheroids were generated either by (i) self-aggregation in nonadherent petri dishes, (ii) in 3D hanging drop culture, (iii) in agarose microwell plates or (iv) using the Sphericalplate 5D™. Generated spheroids consisted of 250 cells, except for the self-aggregation method, where the number of cells per spheroid cannot be controlled. Cell function and morphology were assessed by glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) test and histology, respectively. The quantity of material, labor intensity, and time necessary for spheroid production were compared between the different techniques. Results were also compared with native islets. Native islets and self-aggregated spheroids showed an important heterogeneity in terms of size and shape and were larger than spheroids generated with the other methods. Spheroids generated in hanging drops, in the Sphericalplate 5D™, and in agarose microwell plates were homogeneous, with well-defined round shape and a mean diameter of 90 µm. GSIS results showed improved insulin secretion in response to glucose in comparison with native islets and self-aggregated spheroids. Spheroids can be generated using different techniques and each of them present advantages and inconveniences. For islet cell aggregation, we recommend, based on our results, to use the hanging drop technique, the agarose microwell plates, or the Sphericalplate 5D™ depending on the experiments, the latter being the only option available for large-scale spheroids production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Henri Wassmer
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Perez
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Cottet-Dumoulin
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sanda Ljubicic
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Parnaud
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical and Public Health Research, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article and share senior authorship
| | - Fanny Lebreton
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article and share senior authorship
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wassmer CH, Perrier Q, Combescure C, Pernin N, Parnaud G, Cottet-Dumoulin D, Brioudes E, Bellofatto K, Lebreton F, Berishvili E, Lablanche S, Kessler L, Wojtusciszyn A, Buron F, Borot S, Bosco D, Berney T, Lavallard V. Impact of ischemia time on islet isolation success and posttransplantation outcomes: A retrospective study of 452 pancreas isolations. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:1493-1502. [PMID: 32986297 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Many variables impact islet isolation, including pancreas ischemia time. The ischemia time upper limit that should be respected to avoid a negative impact on the isolation outcome is not well defined. We have performed a retrospective analysis of all islet isolations in our center between 2008 and 2018. Total ischemia time, cold ischemia time, and organ removal time were analyzed. Isolation success was defined as an islet yield ≥200 000 IEQ. Of the 452 pancreases included, 288 (64%) were successfully isolated. Probability of isolation success showed a significant decrease after 8 hours of total ischemia time, 7 hours of cold ischemia time, and 80 minutes of organ removal time. Although we observed an impact of ischemia time on islet yield, a probability of isolation success of 50% was still present even when total ischemia time exceeds 12 hours. Posttransplantation clinical outcomes were assessed in 32 recipients and no significant difference was found regardless of ischemia time. These data indicate that although shorter ischemia times are associated with better islet isolation outcomes, total ischemia time >12 hours can provide excellent results in appropriately selected donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Henri Wassmer
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Perrier
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Combescure
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Pernin
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Parnaud
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Cottet-Dumoulin
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Brioudes
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Lebreton
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Research, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sandrine Lablanche
- Endocrinology Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Kessler
- Department of Diabetology, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.,Federation of Translational Medicine of Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory of Cell Therapy of Diabetes, Institute of Functional Genomics, Mixed Research Unit, French National Center for Scientific Research 5203, Inserm U1191, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Buron
- Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Borot
- Endocrinology Department, Besancon University Hospital, Besancon, France
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Perrier Q, Lavallard V, Pernin N, Wassmer CH, Cottet-Dumoulin D, Lebreton F, Bellofatto K, Andres A, Berishvili E, Bosco D, Berney T, Parnaud G. Failure mode and effect analysis in human islet isolation: from the theoretical to the practical risk. Islets 2021; 13:1-9. [PMID: 33616002 PMCID: PMC8018422 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2020.1856618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the global mapping risk of human islet isolation, using a failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), and highlight the impact of quality assurance procedures on the risk level of criticality. Risks were scored using the risk priority number (RPN) scoring method. The risk level of criticality was made based on RPN and led to risk classification (low to critical). A raw risk analysis and a risk control analysis (with control means and quality assurance performance) were undertaken. The process of human islet isolation was divided into 11 steps, and 230 risks were identified. Analysis of the highest RPN of each of the 11 steps showed that the 4 highest risks were related to the pancreas digestion and islet purification stages. After implementation of reduction measures and controls, critical and severe risks were reduced by 3-fold and by 2-fold, respectively, so that 90% of risks could be considered as low to moderate. FMEA has proven to be a powerful approach for the identification of weaknesses in the islet isolation processes. The results demonstrated the importance of staff qualification and continuous training and supported the contribution of the quality assurance system to risk reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Perrier
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinical Pharmacy Department , Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- CONTACT Quentin Perrier Centre Médical Universitaire de Genève Laboratoire de Transplantation Cellulaire, 1 Rue Michel Servet, Genève1211, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Pernin
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles-Henri Wassmer
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Cottet-Dumoulin
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Lebreton
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Axel Andres
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Parnaud
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cottet-Dumoulin D, Lavallard V, Lebreton F, Wassmer CH, Bellofatto K, Parnaud G, Berishvili E, Berney T, Bosco D. Biosynthetic Activity Differs Between Islet Cell Types and in Beta Cells Is Modulated by Glucose and Not by Secretion. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6047597. [PMID: 33367617 PMCID: PMC7940959 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A correct biosynthetic activity is thought to be essential for the long-term function and survival of islet cells in culture and possibly also after islet transplantation. Compared to the secretory activity, biosynthetic activity has been poorly studied in pancreatic islet cells. Here we aimed to assess biosynthetic activity at the single cell level to investigate if protein synthesis is dependent on secretagogues and increased as a consequence of hormonal secretion. Biosynthetic activity in rat islet cells was studied at the single cell level using O-propargyl-puromycin (OPP) that incorporates into newly translated proteins and chemically ligates to a fluorescent dye by "click" reaction. Heterogeneous biosynthetic activity was observed between the four islet cell types, with delta cells showing the higher relative protein biosynthesis. Beta cells protein biosynthesis was increased in response to glucose while 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, 2 drugs known to stimulate insulin secretion, had no similar effect on protein biosynthesis. However, after several hours of secretion, protein biosynthesis remained high even when cells were challenged to basal conditions. These results suggest that mechanisms regulating secretion and biosynthesis in islet cells are different, with glucose directly triggering beta cells protein biosynthesis, independently of insulin secretion. Furthermore, this OPP labeling approach is a promising method to identify newly synthesized proteins under various physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Cottet-Dumoulin
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Domenico Bosco, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Lebreton
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles H Wassmer
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Parnaud
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Castex F, Leroy J, Broca C, Mezghenna K, Duranton F, Lavallard V, Lebreton F, Gross R, Wojtusciszyn A, Lajoix AD. Differential sensitivity of human islets from obese versus lean donors to chronic high glucose or palmitate. J Diabetes 2020; 12:532-541. [PMID: 32090456 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the shortage of multi-organ donors, human pancreatic islet transplantation has now been extended to islets originating from obese subjects. In this study, our aim is to compare the respective sensitivity of human islets from lean vs obese donors to chronic high glucose or high palmitate. METHODS Human islets were isolated from pancreases harvested from brain-dead multi-organ donors. Islets were cultured during 72 hours in the presence of moderate (16.7 mmol/L) or high (28 mmoL/L) glucose concentrations, or glucose (5.6 mmoL/L) and palmitate (0.4 mmoL/L), before measurement of their response to glucose. RESULTS We first observed a greater insulin response in islets from obese donors under both basal and high-glucose conditions, confirming their hyperresponsiveness to glucose. When islets from obese donors were cultured in the presence of moderate or high glucose concentrations, insulin response to glucose remained unchanged or was slightly reduced, as opposed to that observed in lean subjects. Moreover, culturing islets from obese donors with high palmitate also induced less reduction in insulin response to glucose than in lean subjects. This partial protection of obese islets is associated with less induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in islets, together with a greater expression of the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that in addition to an increased sensitivity to glucose, islets from obese subjects can be considered as more resistant to glucose and fatty acid excursions and are thus valuable candidates for transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Castex
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeremy Leroy
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Broca
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Biotherapy (IRMB), University Montpellier, INSERM, University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karima Mezghenna
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Flore Duranton
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- RD Néphrologie, Montpellier, France
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - René Gross
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Biotherapy (IRMB), University Montpellier, INSERM, University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Dominique Lajoix
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brioudes E, Alibashe-Ahmed M, Lavallard V, Berney T, Bosco D. Syndecan-4 is regulated by IL-1β in β-cells and human islets. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 510:110815. [PMID: 32315719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Syndecans (SDC) are important multifunctional components of the extracellular matrix mainly described in endothelial cells. We studied the expression and regulation of SDC in cultured MIN6B1 cells and pancreatic islets. qRT-PCR revealed that syndecan-4 (SDC4) was the predominant isoform expressed in MIN6B1 cells and islets compared to other forms of SDC. Immunofluorescence in mouse and human pancreas sections revealed that SDC4 is mainly expressed in β-cells compared to other pancreatic cells. Exposure of MIN6B1 and human islets to IL-1β dose-dependently induced a rapid and transient expression of SDC4 while SRC and STAT3 inhibitors decreased this effect. Exposure of human islets to Il-1β caused an increase of SDC4 shedding, however treatment with STAT3 and SRC inhibitors inhibited this effect. These results indicate that SDC4 is upregulated by IL-1β through the SRC-STAT3 pathway and this pathway is also involved in SDC4 shedding in islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Brioudes
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Mohamed Alibashe-Ahmed
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lebreton F, Bellofatto K, Wassmer CH, Perez L, Lavallard V, Parnaud G, Cottet-Dumoulin D, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Bosco D, Othenin-Girard V, Martinez de Tejada B, Berishvili E. Shielding islets with human amniotic epithelial cells enhances islet engraftment and revascularization in a murine diabetes model. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:1551-1561. [PMID: 32031745 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major cause of considerable islet loss during the early posttransplant period. Here, we investigate whether shielding islets with human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), which possess anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, improves islet engraftment and survival. Shielded islets were generated on agarose microwells by mixing rat islets (RIs) or human islets (HI) and hAECs (100 hAECs/IEQ). Islet secretory function and viability were assessed after culture in hypoxia (1% O2 ) or normoxia (21% O2 ) in vitro. In vivo function was evaluated after transplant under the kidney capsule of diabetic immunodeficient mice. Graft morphology and vascularization were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Both shielded RIs and HIs show higher viability and increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion after exposure to hypoxia in vitro compared with control islets. Transplant of shielded islets results in considerably earlier normoglycemia and vascularization, an enhanced glucose tolerance, and a higher β cell mass. Our results show that hAECs have a clear cytoprotective effect against hypoxic damages in vitro. This strategy improves β cell mass engraftment and islet revascularization, leading to an improved capacity of islets to reverse hyperglycemia, and could be rapidly applicable in the clinical situation seeing that the modification to HIs are minor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lebreton
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles H Wassmer
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Perez
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Parnaud
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Cottet-Dumoulin
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- INSERM U1190, Translational Research for Diabetes, University of Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- INSERM U1190, Translational Research for Diabetes, University of Lille, France
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Othenin-Girard
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Begoña Martinez de Tejada
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Research, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Delaune V, Toso C, Kahler-Quesada A, Slits F, Gex Q, Kaya G, Lavallard V, Orci LA, Peloso A, Lacotte S. Antibody-induced NKG2D blockade in a rat model of intraportal islet transplantation leads to a deleterious reaction. Transpl Int 2020; 33:675-688. [PMID: 32003082 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intraportal islet transplantation is plagued by an acute destruction of transplanted islets. Amongst the first responders, NK cells and macrophages harbour an activating receptor, NKG2D, recognizing ligands expressed by stressed cells. We aimed to determine whether islet NKG2D ligand expression increases with culture time, and to analyse the impact of antibody-induced NKG2D blockade in islet transplantation. NKG2D-ligand expression was analysed in rat and human islets. Syngeneic marginal mass intraportal islet transplantations were performed in rats: control group, recipients transplanted with NKG2D-recombinant-treated islets (recombinant group), and recipients treated with a mouse anti-rat anti-NKG2D antibody and transplanted with recombinant-treated islets (antibody-recombinant group). Islets demonstrated increased gene expression of NKG2D ligands with culture time. Blockade of NKG2D on NK cells decreased in vitro cytotoxicity against islets. Recipients from the control and recombinant groups showed similar metabolic results; conversely, treatment with the antibody resulted in lower diabetes reversal. The antibody depleted circulating and liver NK cells in recipients, who displayed increased macrophage infiltration of recipient origin around the transplanted islets. In vitro blockade of NKG2D ligands had no impact on early graft function. Systemic treatment of recipients with an anti-NKG2D antibody was deleterious to the islet graft, possibly through an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaihere Delaune
- Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Kahler-Quesada
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence Slits
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Gex
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gürkan Kaya
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Annibale Orci
- Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Peloso
- Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Lacotte
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nano R, Kerr-Conte JA, Bosco D, Karlsson M, Lavallard V, Melzi R, Gmyr V, Mercalli A, Berney T, Pattou F, Korsgren O, Piemonti L. Islets for Research: Nothing Is Perfect, but We Can Do Better. Diabetes 2019; 68:1541-1543. [PMID: 31331988 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In December 2018, Diabetes and Diabetologia began requiring authors of papers reporting data obtained from studies on human islets to report critical characteristics of the human islets used for research. The islet community was asked to provide feedback on it. Here is the contribution by the European Consortium for Islet Transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nano
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Julie A Kerr-Conte
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU de Lille Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | | | - Marie Karlsson
- Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Raffaella Melzi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valery Gmyr
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU de Lille Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Alessia Mercalli
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - François Pattou
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU de Lille Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Klee P, Dirlewanger M, Lavallard V, McLin VA, Mornand A, Pernin N, Petit LM, Soccal PM, Wildhaber BE, Zumsteg U, Blouin JL, Berney T, Schwitzgebel VM. Combined Pancreatic Islet-Lung-Liver Transplantation in a Pediatric Patient with Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes. Horm Res Paediatr 2019; 90:270-274. [PMID: 29669347 DOI: 10.1159/000488107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is the most frequent extrapulmonary complication of cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS We report the first combined pancreatic islet-lung-liver transplantation in a 14-year-old adolescent. CFTR was analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Further genes were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS The patient was diagnosed with CF at the age of 14 months. Nine years later, after diagnosis of CFRD, the patient's BMI and lung function began to decline. Bilateral lung transplantation with simultaneous liver transplantation was performed at the age of 14.5 years. The first islet transplantation (IT) was carried out 10 days later. Six months later, C-peptide secretion after arginine stimulation showed peak values of 371 pmol/L (vs. 569 pmol/L before IT) and insulin doses had slightly increased (1.40 vs. 1.11 units/kg/day before IT). A second IT was performed at the age of 15 years, a third at 16 years. Two years after the first IT, arginine-stimulated C-peptide secretion increased to 2,956 pmol/L and insulin doses could be reduced to 0.82 units/kg/day. HbA1c decreased from 7.3% (57.4 mmol/mol) to 5.9% (41.0 mmol/mol). CONCLUSION IT following lung and liver transplantation, with injection of islets into a transplanted organ, is feasible. It improves C-peptide secretion, decreases insulin needs, and lowers HbA1c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Klee
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, .,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva,
| | - Mirjam Dirlewanger
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valerie A McLin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Mornand
- Pediatric Pneumology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Pernin
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia-Marie Petit
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola M Soccal
- Service of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara E Wildhaber
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University Centre of Pediatric Surgery of Western Switzerland, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Urs Zumsteg
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Blouin
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valerie M Schwitzgebel
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Delaune V, Lacotte S, Gex Q, Slits F, Kahler-Quesada A, Lavallard V, Peloso A, Orci LA, Berney T, Toso C. Effects of remote ischaemic preconditioning on intraportal islet transplantation in a rat model. Transpl Int 2018; 32:323-333. [PMID: 30318858 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC), which is the intermittent interruption of blood flow to a site distant from the target organ, is known to improve solid organ resistance to ischaemia-reperfusion injury. This procedure could be of interest in islet transplantation to mitigate hypoxia-related loss of islet mass after isolation and transplantation. Islets isolated from control or RIPC donors were analyzed for yield, metabolic activity, gene expression and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) content. Syngeneic marginal mass transplantation was performed in four streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups: control, RIPC in donor only, RIPC in recipient only, and RIPC in donor and recipient. Islets isolated from RIPC donors had an increased yield of 20% after 24 h of culture compared to control donors (P = 0.007), linked to less cell death (P = 0.08), decreased expression of hypoxia-related genes (Hif1a P = 0.04; IRP94 P = 0.008), and increased intra-cellular (P = 0.04) and nuclear HMGB1. The use of RIPC in recipients only did not allow for reversal of diabetes, with increased serum HMGB1 at day 1; the three other groups demonstrated significantly better outcomes. Performing RIPC in the donors increases islet yield and resistance to hypoxia. Validation is needed, but this strategy could help to decrease the number of donors per islet recipient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaihere Delaune
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Lacotte
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Gex
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence Slits
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Kahler-Quesada
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Peloso
- Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo A Orci
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brandhorst D, Parnaud G, Friberg A, Lavallard V, Demuylder-Mischler S, Hughes S, Saphörster J, Kurfürst M, Korsgren O, Berney T, Johnson PRV. Multicenter Assessment of Animal-free Collagenase AF-1 for Human Islet Isolation. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1688-1693. [PMID: 29251107 PMCID: PMC5753983 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717731574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal-free (AF) SERVA Collagenase AF-1 and Neutral Protease (NP) AF GMP Grade have recently become available for human islet isolation. This report describes the initial experiences of 3 different islet transplant centers. Thirty-four human pancreases were digested using 1 vial of the 6 different lots of Collagenase AF-1 (2,000–2,583 PZ-U/vial) supplemented with 4 different lots of NP AF in a range of 50 to 160 DMC-U per pancreas. Isolation, culture, and quality assessment were performed using standard techniques as previously described. All data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Variability of pancreas weight was associated with a wide range of collagenase and NP activities, ranging from 12.7 to 46.6 PZ-U/g (26.0 ± 1.5 PZ-U/g) and 0.4 to 3.0 DMC-U/g (1.5 ± 0.1 DMC-U/g), respectively. Postpurification islet yield was 296,494 ± 33,620 islet equivalents (IEQ) equivalent to 3,274 ± 450 IEQ/g with a purity of 55.9% ± 3.2%. Quality assessment performed after 2 to 4 d of culture demonstrated a viability of 88.1% ± 1.5% and a stimulation index of 3.7 ± 0.7. Eighteen of the 34 preparations were transplanted into type 1 diabetic patients equivalent to a transplantation rate of 52.9%. Six preparations, which were infused into patients as first transplant, could be analyzed and increased the fasting C-peptide level from 0.11 ± 0.08 pretransplant to 1.23 ± 0.24 and 2.27 ± 0.31 ng/mL 3 and 6 mo posttransplant (P < 0.05), respectively. Insulin requirements were simultaneously reduced at the same time from 39.2 ± 3.8 IU/d before transplantation to 10.8 ± 4.1 and 4.0 ± 2.3 IU/d, after 3 and 6 mo posttransplant (P < 0.05), respectively. This study demonstrates the efficiency of AF SERVA Collagenase AF-1 and NP AF for clinical islet isolation and transplantation. The new plant-based production process makes these products a safe new option for the islet field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brandhorst
- 1 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,2 Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Géraldine Parnaud
- 3 Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Friberg
- 4 Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- 3 Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Demuylder-Mischler
- 3 Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Hughes
- 1 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,2 Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Olle Korsgren
- 4 Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thierry Berney
- 3 Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul R V Johnson
- 1 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,2 Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lavallard V, Lebreton F, Perez L, Parnaud G, Bosco D, Berney T, Berishvili E. Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Integrated Into the Islet Heterospheroids Enhance Insulin Secretion and Protect Islet Cells from Hypoxic Injury. Transplantation 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000542653.30658.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Lebreton F, Berishvili E, Parnaud G, Rouget C, Bosco D, Berney T, Lavallard V. NLRP3 inflammasome is expressed and regulated in human islets. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:726. [PMID: 29941940 PMCID: PMC6018156 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
NRLP3 inflammasome is a protein complex involved in the maturation of IL1β. In the onset of type 1 diabetes as well as in islet transplantation, IL-1β is one of the cytokines involved in the recruitment of immune cells in islets and eventually in islet destruction. Whether IL-1β is produced by islet cells is still under debate and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β production has not been yet determined in human islets. The aim of this study was to determine the expression and the regulation of the NRLP3 inflammasome in human islets. Human islets were stimulated with LPS and successively with ATP (LPS + ATP) in the presence or absence of the inflammasome inhibitor glyburide. Islets were also incubated in hypoxic or normoxic conditions for 24 h in the presence or absence of glyburide. Then, IL1B and NLRP3 expression was studied by real time PCR, protein expression by western blot, protein localization by immunofluorescence and protein secretion by ELISA. LPS + ATP increased gene expression of NRLP3 and IL1B. Glyburide partially prevented this effect. IL-1β protein was localized in β and non-β cells. Moreover, LPS + ATP increased IL-1β protein expression and production, which were prevented by glyburide. Hypoxia increased gene expression of NRLP3 and IL1B and induced IL-1β and caspase-1 production. Finally, hypoxia-induced cell death which was not prevented by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. NRLP3 inflammasome is expressed and plays a role in IL-1β production by human islets. By contrast, NRLP3 inflammasome activation is not involved in islet cell death induced by hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lebreton
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University, Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University, Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Parnaud
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University, Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Rouget
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University, Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University, Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University, Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University, Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pournourmohammadi S, Grimaldi M, Stridh MH, Lavallard V, Waagepetersen HS, Wollheim CB, Maechler P. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) activates AMPK through the inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase in muscle and pancreatic ß-cells: A potential beneficial effect in the pre-diabetic state? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:220-225. [PMID: 28137482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is determined by insulin secretion from the ß-cells in pancreatic islets and by glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and other insulin target tissues. While glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) senses mitochondrial energy supply and regulates insulin secretion, its role in the muscle has not been elucidated. Here we investigated the possible interplay between GDH and the cytosolic energy sensing enzyme 5'-AMP kinase (AMPK), in both isolated islets and myotubes from mice and humans. The green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was used to inhibit GDH. Insulin secretion was reduced by EGCG upon glucose stimulation and blocked in response to glutamine combined with the allosteric GDH activator BCH (2-aminobicyclo-[2,2,1] heptane-2-carboxylic acid). Insulin secretion was similarly decreased in islets of mice with ß-cell-targeted deletion of GDH (ßGlud1-/-). EGCG did not further reduce insulin secretion in the mutant islets, validating its specificity. In human islets, EGCG attenuated both basal and nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion. Glutamine/BCH-induced lowering of AMPK phosphorylation did not operate in ßGlud1-/- islets and was similarly prevented by EGCG in control islets, while high glucose systematically inactivated AMPK. In mouse C2C12 myotubes, like in islets, the inhibition of AMPK following GDH activation with glutamine/BCH was reversed by EGCG. Stimulation of GDH in primary human myotubes caused lowering of insulin-induced 2-deoxy-glucose uptake, partially counteracted by EGCG. Thus, mitochondrial energy provision through anaplerotic input via GDH influences the activity of the cytosolic energy sensor AMPK. EGCG may be useful in obesity by resensitizing insulin-resistant muscle while blunting hypersecretion of insulin in hypermetabolic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Pournourmohammadi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mariagrazia Grimaldi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Malin H Stridh
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dror E, Dalmas E, Meier DT, Wueest S, Thévenet J, Thienel C, Timper K, Nordmann TM, Traub S, Schulze F, Item F, Vallois D, Pattou F, Kerr-Conte J, Lavallard V, Berney T, Thorens B, Konrad D, Böni-Schnetzler M, Donath MY. Postprandial macrophage-derived IL-1β stimulates insulin, and both synergistically promote glucose disposal and inflammation. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:283-292. [PMID: 28092375 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious effect of chronic activation of the IL-1β system on type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases is well documented. However, a possible physiological role for IL-1β in glucose metabolism has remained unexplored. Here we found that feeding induced a physiological increase in the number of peritoneal macrophages that secreted IL-1β, in a glucose-dependent manner. Subsequently, IL-1β contributed to the postprandial stimulation of insulin secretion. Accordingly, lack of endogenous IL-1β signaling in mice during refeeding and obesity diminished the concentration of insulin in plasma. IL-1β and insulin increased the uptake of glucose into macrophages, and insulin reinforced a pro-inflammatory pattern via the insulin receptor, glucose metabolism, production of reactive oxygen species, and secretion of IL-1β mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Postprandial inflammation might be limited by normalization of glycemia, since it was prevented by inhibition of the sodium-glucose cotransporter SGLT2. Our findings identify a physiological role for IL-1β and insulin in the regulation of both metabolism and immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erez Dror
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elise Dalmas
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel T Meier
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Wueest
- Deptartment of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Thévenet
- Inserm, University Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France, and Translational Research for Diabetes, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Constanze Thienel
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Timper
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thierry M Nordmann
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shuyang Traub
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Schulze
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Item
- Deptartment of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Vallois
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francois Pattou
- Inserm, University Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France, and Translational Research for Diabetes, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Inserm, University Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France, and Translational Research for Diabetes, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland, and University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland, and University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Deptartment of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Böni-Schnetzler
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Phelps EA, Cianciaruso C, Michael IP, Pasquier M, Kanaani J, Nano R, Lavallard V, Billestrup N, Hubbell JA, Baekkeskov S. Aberrant Accumulation of the Diabetes Autoantigen GAD65 in Golgi Membranes in Conditions of ER Stress and Autoimmunity. Diabetes 2016; 65:2686-99. [PMID: 27284108 PMCID: PMC5001175 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet β-cells are particularly susceptible to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is implicated in β-cell dysfunction and loss during the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The peripheral membrane protein GAD65 is an autoantigen in human T1D. GAD65 synthesizes γ-aminobutyric acid, an important autocrine and paracrine signaling molecule and a survival factor in islets. We show that ER stress in primary β-cells perturbs the palmitoylation cycle controlling GAD65 endomembrane distribution, resulting in aberrant accumulation of the palmitoylated form in trans-Golgi membranes. The palmitoylated form has heightened immunogenicity, exhibiting increased uptake by antigen-presenting cells and T-cell stimulation compared with the nonpalmitoylated form. Similar accumulation of GAD65 in Golgi membranes is observed in human β-cells in pancreatic sections from GAD65 autoantibody-positive individuals who have not yet progressed to clinical onset of T1D and from patients with T1D with residual β-cell mass and ongoing T-cell infiltration of islets. We propose that aberrant accumulation of immunogenic GAD65 in Golgi membranes facilitates inappropriate presentation to the immune system after release from stressed and/or damaged β-cells, triggering autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Phelps
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Cianciaruso
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Iacovos P Michael
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miriella Pasquier
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jamil Kanaani
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Rita Nano
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS, Pancreatic Islet Processing Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nils Billestrup
- Section of Cellular and Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Steinunn Baekkeskov
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Barbieux C, Parnaud G, Lavallard V, Brioudes E, Meyer J, Alibashe Ahmed M, Berishvili E, Berney T, Bosco D. Asymmetrical distribution of δ and PP cells in human pancreatic islets. J Endocrinol 2016; 229:123-32. [PMID: 26931137 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the location of PP and δ cells in relation to the vascularization within human pancreatic islets. To this end, pancreas sections were analysed by immunofluorescence using antibodies against endocrine islet and endothelial cells. Staining in different islet areas corresponding to islet cells adjacent or not to peripheral or central vascular channels was quantified by computerized morphometry. As results, α, PP and δ cells were preferentially found adjacent to vessels. In contrast to α cells, which were evenly distributed between islet periphery and intraislet vascular channels, PP and δ cells had asymmetric and opposite distributions: PP staining was higher and somatostatin staining was lower in the islet periphery than in the area around intraislet vascular channels. Additionally, frequencies of PP and δ cells were negatively correlated in the islets. No difference was observed between islets from the head and the tail of the pancreas, and from type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic donors. In conclusion, the distribution of δ cells differs from that of PP cells in human islets, suggesting that vessels at the periphery and at the centre of islets drain different hormonal cocktails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Barbieux
- Department of SurgeryCell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Parnaud
- Department of SurgeryCell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Department of SurgeryCell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Brioudes
- Department of SurgeryCell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Meyer
- Department of SurgeryCell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Alibashe Ahmed
- Department of SurgeryCell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Department of SurgeryCell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Department of SurgeryCell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Department of SurgeryCell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lavallard V, Armanet M, Parnaud G, Meyer J, Barbieux C, Montanari E, Meier R, Morel P, Berney T, Bosco D. Cell rearrangement in transplanted human islets. FASEB J 2016; 30:748-760. [PMID: 26534832 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-273805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The major feature of the human pancreatic islet architecture is the organization of endocrine cells into clusters comprising central β cells and peripheral α cells surrounded by vasculature. To have an insight into the mechanisms that govern this unique islet architecture, islet cells were isolated, and reaggregation of α and β cells into islet-like structures (pseudoislets) after culture or transplantation into mice was studied by immunohistology. The pseudoislets formed in culture displayed an unusual cell arrangement, contrasting with the transplanted pseudoislets, which exhibited a cell arrangement similar to that observed in native pancreatic islet subunits. The pattern of revascularization and the distribution of extracellular matrix around transplanted pseudoislets were alike to those observed in native pancreatic islets. This organization of transplanted pseudoislets occurred also when revascularization was abolished by treating mice with an anti-VEGF antibody, but not when contact with extracellular matrix was prevented by encapsulation of pseudoislets within alginate hydrogel. These results indicate that the maintenance of islet cell arrangement is dependent on in vivo features such as extracellular matrix but independent of vascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lavallard
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Parnaud
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Meyer
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Barbieux
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Montanari
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Meier
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Morel
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Berney
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Domenico Bosco
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether cadherin-mediated adhesion of human islet cells was affected by insulin secretagogues and explore the role of cadherins in the secretory activity of β-cells. Experiments were carried out with single islet cells adherent to chimeric proteins made of functional E-, N-, or P-cadherin ectodomains fused to the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin (E-cad/Fc, N-cad/Fc, and P-cad/Fc) and immobilized on an inert substrate. We observed that cadherin expression in islet cells was not affected by insulin secretagogues. Adhesion tests showed that islet cells attached to N-cad/Fc and E-cad/Fc acquired, in a time- and secretagogue-dependent manner, a spreading form that was inhibited by blocking cadherin antibodies. By reverse hemolytic plaque assay, we showed that glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of single β-cells was increased by N-cad/Fc and E-cad/Fc adhesion compared with control. In the presence of E-cad/Fc and after glucose stimulation, we showed that total insulin secretion was six times higher in spreading β-cells compared with round β-cells. Furthermore, cadherin-mediated adhesion induced an asymmetric distribution of cortical actin in β-cells. Our results demonstrate that adhesion of β-cells to E- and N-cadherins is regulated by insulin secretagogues and that E- and N-cadherin engagement promotes stimulated insulin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Parnaud
- Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Bedat
- Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Matthey-Doret
- Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Morel
- Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Giovannoni L, Muller YD, Lacotte S, Parnaud G, Borot S, Meier RP, Lavallard V, Bédat B, Toso C, Daubeuf B, Elson G, Shang L, Morel P, Kosco-Vilbois M, Bosco D, Berney T. Enhancement of Islet Engraftment and Achievement of Long-Term Islet Allograft Survival by Toll-Like Receptor 4 Blockade. Transplantation 2015; 99:29-35. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
28
|
Hodson DJ, Mitchell RK, Marselli L, Pullen TJ, Gimeno Brias S, Semplici F, Everett KL, Cooper DMF, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Lavallard V, Bosco D, Piemonti L, Johnson PR, Hughes SJ, Li D, Li WH, Shapiro AMJ, Rutter GA. ADCY5 couples glucose to insulin secretion in human islets. Diabetes 2014; 63:3009-21. [PMID: 24740569 PMCID: PMC4141364 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the ADCY5 gene, encoding adenylate cyclase 5, are associated with elevated fasting glucose and increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying the effects of these polymorphic variants at the level of pancreatic β-cells remain unclear. Here, we show firstly that ADCY5 mRNA expression in islets is lowered by the possession of risk alleles at rs11708067. Next, we demonstrate that ADCY5 is indispensable for coupling glucose, but not GLP-1, to insulin secretion in human islets. Assessed by in situ imaging of recombinant probes, ADCY5 silencing impaired glucose-induced cAMP increases and blocked glucose metabolism toward ATP at concentrations of the sugar >8 mmol/L. However, calcium transient generation and functional connectivity between individual human β-cells were sharply inhibited at all glucose concentrations tested, implying additional, metabolism-independent roles for ADCY5. In contrast, calcium rises were unaffected in ADCY5-depleted islets exposed to GLP-1. Alterations in β-cell ADCY5 expression and impaired glucose signaling thus provide a likely route through which ADCY5 gene polymorphisms influence fasting glucose levels and T2D risk, while exerting more minor effects on incretin action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Hodson
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K.
| | - Ryan K Mitchell
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Timothy J Pullen
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Silvia Gimeno Brias
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Francesca Semplici
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Katy L Everett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul R Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Stephen J Hughes
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Daliang Li
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Wen-Hong Li
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|