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Rachdi L, Zhou Z, Berthault C, Lourenço C, Fouque A, Domet T, Armanet M, You S, Peakman M, Mallone R, Scharfmann R. Tryptophan metabolism promotes immune evasion in human pancreatic β cells. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104740. [PMID: 37536063 PMCID: PMC10412781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To resist the autoimmune attack characteristic of type 1 diabetes, insulin producing pancreatic β cells need to evade T-cell recognition. Such escape mechanisms may be conferred by low HLA class I (HLA-I) expression and upregulation of immune inhibitory molecules such as Programmed cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1). METHODS The expression of PD-L1, HLA-I and CXCL10 was evaluated in the human β cell line, ECN90, and in primary human and mouse pancreatic islets. Most genes were determined by real-time RT-PCR, flow cytometry and Western blot. Activator and inhibitor of the AKT signaling were used to modulate PD-L1 induction. Key results were validated by monitoring activity of CD8+ Jurkat T cells presenting β cell specific T-cell receptor and transduced with reporter genes in contact culture with the human β cell line, ECN90. FINDINGS In this study, we identify tryptophan (TRP) as an agonist of PD-L1 induction through the AKT signaling pathway. TRP also synergistically enhanced PD-L1 expression on β cells exposed to interferon-γ. Conversely, interferon-γ-mediated induction of HLA-I and CXCL10 genes was down-regulated upon TRP treatment. Finally, TRP and its derivatives inhibited the activation of islet-reactive CD8+ T cells by β cells. INTERPRETATION Collectively, our findings indicate that TRP could induce immune tolerance to β cells by promoting their immune evasion through HLA-I downregulation and PD-L1 upregulation. FUNDING Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation, DON Foundation, the Laboratoire d'Excellence consortium Revive (ANR-10-LABX-0073), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-19-CE15-0014-01), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (EQ U201903007793-EQU20193007831), Innovative Medicines InitiativeINNODIA and INNODIA HARVEST, Aides aux Jeunes Diabetiques (AJD) and Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Ltd (JDRF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Latif Rachdi
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France.
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France
| | - Claire Berthault
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France
| | - Chloe Lourenço
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France
| | - Alexis Fouque
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France
| | - Thomas Domet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Cell Therapy Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris 75010, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Cell Therapy Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris 75010, France
| | - Sylvaine You
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France
| | - Mark Peakman
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Roberto Mallone
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Cochin Hospital, Paris 75014, France
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France
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Liu J, Bailbé D, Raynal S, Carbonne C, Zhen D, Dairou J, Gausseres B, Armanet M, Domet T, Pitasi CL, Movassat J, Lim CK, Guillemin GJ, Autier V, Kergoat M, Portha B. Kynurenine-3-monooxygenase expression is activated in the pancreatic endocrine cells by diabetes and its blockade improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166509. [PMID: 35914653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with an inflammatory phenotype in the pancreatic islets. We previously demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines potently activate the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway (TKP) in INS-1 cells and in normal rat islets. Here we examined: (1) the TKP enzymes expression in the diabetic GK islets; (2) the TKP enzymes expression profiles in the GK islets before and after the onset of diabetes; (3) The glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in vitro in GK islets after KMO knockdown using specific morpholino-oligonucleotides against KMO or KMO blockade using the specific inhibitor Ro618048; (4) The glucose tolerance and GSIS after acute in vivo exposure to Ro618048 in GK rats. We report a remarkable induction of the kmo gene in GK islets and in human islets exposed to proinflammatory conditions. It occurred prominently in beta cells. The increased expression and activity of KMO reflected an acquired adaptation. Both KMO knockdown and specific inhibitor Ro618048 enhanced GSIS in vitro in GK islets. Moreover, acute administration of Ro618048 in vivo improved glucose tolerance, GSIS and basal blood glucose levels in GK rats. These results demonstrate that targeting islet TKP is able to correct defective GSIS. KMO inhibition could represent a potential therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptive), CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; MetaBrain Research, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Danielle Bailbé
- Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptive), CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Delong Zhen
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Julien Dairou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Blandine Gausseres
- Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptive), CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Domet
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Caterina L Pitasi
- Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptive), CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptive), CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chai K Lim
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medicine School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medicine School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Bernard Portha
- Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptive), CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
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3
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Delangre E, Liu J, Tolu S, Maouche K, Armanet M, Cattan P, Pommier G, Bailbé D, Movassat J. Underlying mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced β-cell death and dysfunction: a new role for glycogen synthase kinase 3. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1136. [PMID: 34876563 PMCID: PMC8651641 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely prescribed for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties as a treatment for a variety of diseases. The use of GCs is associated with important side effects, including diabetogenic effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of GC-mediated diabetogenic effects in β-cells are not well understood. In this study we investigated the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in the mediation of β-cell death and dysfunction induced by GCs. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches we showed that GSK3 is involved in GC-induced β-cell death and impaired insulin secretion. Further, we unraveled the underlying mechanisms of GC-GSK3 crosstalk. We showed that GSK3 is marginally implicated in the nuclear localization of GC receptor (GR) upon ligand binding. Furthermore, we showed that GSK3 regulates the expression of GR at mRNA and protein levels. Finally, we dissected the proper contribution of each GSK3 isoform and showed that GSK3β isoform is sufficient to mediate the pro-apoptotic effects of GCs in β-cells. Collectively, in this work we identified GSK3 as a viable target to mitigate GC deleterious effects in pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Delangre
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team « Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine », Paris, France
| | - Junjun Liu
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team « Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine », Paris, France
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Stefania Tolu
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team « Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine », Paris, France
| | - Kamel Maouche
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team « Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine », Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Cell Therapy Unit, Saint-Louis hospital, AP-HP, and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Cattan
- Cell Therapy Unit, Saint-Louis hospital, AP-HP, and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Pommier
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team « Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine », Paris, France
| | - Danielle Bailbé
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team « Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine », Paris, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team « Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine », Paris, France.
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Ramin-Mangata S, Thedrez A, Nativel B, Diotel N, Blanchard V, Wargny M, Aguesse A, Billon-Crossouard S, Vindis C, Le May C, Hulin P, Armanet M, Gmyr V, Pattou F, Croyal M, Meilhac O, Nobécourt E, Cariou B, Lambert G. Effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 modulation in human pancreatic beta cells function. Atherosclerosis 2021; 326:47-55. [PMID: 33933263 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) is an endogenous inhibitor of the LDL receptor (LDLR). Mendelian randomization studies suggest that PCSK9 deficiency increases diabetes risk, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate whether PCSK9 or its inhibition may modulate beta cell function. METHODS We assessed PCSK9 and insulin colocalization in human pancreatic sections by epifluorescent and confocal microscopy. We also investigated the expression and the function of PCSK9 in the human EndoC-βH1 beta cell line, by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. PCSK9 was inhibited with Alirocumab or siRNA. LDLR expression and LDL uptake were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS PCSK9 was expressed and secreted from beta cells isolated from human pancreas as well as from EndoC-βH1 cells. PCSK9 secretion was enhanced by statin treatment. Recombinant PCSK9 decreased LDLR abundance at the surface of these cells, an effect abrogated by Alirocumab. Alirocumab as well as PCSK9 silencing increased LDLR expression at the surface of EndoC-βH1 cells. Neither exogenous PCSK9, nor Alirocumab, nor PCSK9 silencing significantly altered glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from these cells. High-low density lipoproteins (LDL) concentrations decreased GSIS, but the addition of PCSK9 or its inhibition did not modulate this phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS While PCSK9 regulates LDLR abundance in beta cells, inhibition of exogenous or endogenous PCSK9 does not appear to significantly impact insulin secretion. This is reassuring for the safety of PCSK9 inhibitors in terms of beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélie Thedrez
- Université de Nantes, CRNH Ouest, Inra UMR 1280 PhAN, Nantes, France; L'institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Brice Nativel
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm UMR 1188 DéTROI, Sainte Clotilde, France
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm UMR 1188 DéTROI, Sainte Clotilde, France
| | - Valentin Blanchard
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm UMR 1188 DéTROI, Sainte Clotilde, France
| | - Matthieu Wargny
- L'institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, INSERM, CIC 1413, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 11: Santé Publique, Clinique des Données, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Audrey Aguesse
- Université de Nantes, CRNH Ouest, Inra UMR 1280 PhAN, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Cédric Le May
- L'institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Hulin
- Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Inserm UMS 016, Cnrs UMS 3556, Structure Fédérative de Recherche François Bonamy, Micropicell Facility, Nantes, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Valery Gmyr
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, University of Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, University of Lille 2, Lille, France; Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- Université de Nantes, CRNH Ouest, Inra UMR 1280 PhAN, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm UMR 1188 DéTROI, Sainte Clotilde, France
| | - Estelle Nobécourt
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm UMR 1188 DéTROI, Sainte Clotilde, France; CHU de La Réunion, Service d'Endocrinologie Nutrition, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- L'institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Lambert
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm UMR 1188 DéTROI, Sainte Clotilde, France.
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Villard O, Armanet M, Couderc G, Bony C, Moreaux J, Noël D, De Vos J, Klein B, Veyrune JL, Wojtusciszyn A. Correction to: Characterization of immortalized human islet stromal cells reveals a MSC-like profile with pancreatic features. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:190. [PMID: 32438928 PMCID: PMC7240903 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Orianne Villard
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Cell Therapy Unit, Hospital Saint- Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 8 avenue de la Sallaz -, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guilhem Couderc
- Department of Biological Haematology, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Bony
- IRMB, INSERM U 1183, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- Department of Biological Haematology, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IGH, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniele Noël
- IRMB, INSERM U 1183, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - John De Vos
- Department of Biological Haematology, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IRMB, INSERM U 1183, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Klein
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Veyrune
- Department of Biological Haematology, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 8 avenue de la Sallaz, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Villard O, Armanet M, Couderc G, Bony C, Moreaux J, Noël D, De Vos J, Klein B, Veyrune JL, Wojtusciszyn A. Characterization of immortalized human islet stromal cells reveals a MSC-like profile with pancreatic features. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:158. [PMID: 32303252 PMCID: PMC7165390 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent an interesting tool to improve pancreatic islet transplantation. They have immunomodulatory properties and secrete supportive proteins. However, the functional properties of MSCs vary according to many factors such as donor characteristics, tissue origin, or isolation methods. To counteract this heterogeneity, we aimed to immortalize and characterize adherent cells derived from human pancreatic islets (hISCs), using phenotypic, transcriptomic, and functional analysis. METHODS Adherent cells derived from human islets in culture were infected with a hTERT retrovirus vector and then characterized by microarray hybridization, flow cytometry analysis, and immunofluorescence assays. Osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation as well as PBMC proliferation suppression assays were used to compare the functional abilities of hISCs and MSCs. Extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression profile analysis was performed using the SAM (Significance Analysis of Microarrays) software, and protein expression was confirmed by western blotting. RESULTS hISCs kept an unlimited proliferative potential. They exhibited several properties of MSCs such as CD73, CD90, and CD105 expression and differentiation capacity. From a functional point of view, hISCs inhibited the proliferation of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The transcriptomic profile of hISCs highly clusterized with bone marrow (BM)-MSCs and revealed a differential enrichment of genes involved in the organization of the ECM. Indeed, the expression and secretion profiles of ECM proteins including collagens I, IV, and VI, fibronectin, and laminins, known to be expressed in abundance around and within the islets, were different between hISCs and BM-MSCs. CONCLUSION We generated a new human cell line from pancreatic islets, with MSCs properties and retaining some pancreatic specificities related to the production of ECM proteins. hISCs appear as a very promising tool in islet transplantation by their availability (as a source of inexhaustible source of cells) and ability to secrete a supportive "pancreatic" microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orianne Villard
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Cell Therapy Unit, Hospital Saint- Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 8 avenue de la Sallaz - 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guilhem Couderc
- Department of Biological Haematology, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Bony
- IRMB, INSERM U 1183, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- Department of Biological Haematology, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IGH, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniele Noël
- IRMB, INSERM U 1183, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - John De Vos
- Department of Biological Haematology, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IRMB, INSERM U 1183, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Klein
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Veyrune
- Department of Biological Haematology, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 8 avenue de la Sallaz - 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Pitasi CL, Liu J, Gausserès B, Pommier G, Delangre E, Armanet M, Cattan P, Mégarbane B, Hanak AS, Maouche K, Bailbé D, Portha B, Movassat J. Implication of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in diabetes-associated islet inflammation. J Endocrinol 2020; 244:133-148. [PMID: 31600727 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Islet inflammation is associated with defective β cell function and mass in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) has been identified as an important regulator of inflammation in different diseased conditions. However, the role of GSK3 in islet inflammation in the context of diabetes remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the direct implication of GSK3 in islet inflammation in vitro and tested the impact of GSK3 inhibition in vivo, on the reduction of islet inflammation, and the improvement of glucose metabolism in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, a spontaneous model of T2D. GK rats were chronically treated with infra-therapeutic doses of lithium, a widely used inhibitor of GSK3. We analyzed parameters of glucose homeostasis as well as islet inflammation and fibrosis in the endocrine pancreas. Ex vivo, we tested the impact of GSK3 inhibition on the autonomous inflammatory response of non-diabetic rat and human islets, exposed to a mix of pro-inflammatory cytokines to mimic an inflammatory environment. Treatment of young GK rats with lithium prevented the development of overt diabetes. Lithium treatment resulted in reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the islets. It decreased islet fibrosis and partially restored the glucose-induced insulin secretion in GK rats. Studies in non-diabetic human and rat islets exposed to inflammatory environment revealed the direct implication of GSK3 in the islet autonomous inflammatory response. We show for the first time, the implication of GSK3 in islet inflammation and suggest this enzyme as a viable target to treat diabetes-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Luana Pitasi
- Université Paris Diderot, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
| | - Junjun Liu
- Université Paris Diderot, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
| | - Blandine Gausserès
- Université Paris Diderot, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Pommier
- Université Paris Diderot, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
| | - Etienne Delangre
- Université Paris Diderot, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Cell Therapy Unit, Saint-Louis hospital, AP-HP, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Cattan
- Cell Therapy Unit, Saint-Louis hospital, AP-HP, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- INSERM UMRS1144, Université Paris-Descartes, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hanak
- INSERM UMRS1144, Université Paris-Descartes, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Maouche
- Université Paris Diderot, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
| | - Danielle Bailbé
- Université Paris Diderot, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
| | - Bernard Portha
- Université Paris Diderot, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Université Paris Diderot, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
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8
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Salazar Vazquez S, Blondeau B, Cattan P, Armanet M, Guillemain G, Khemtemourian L. The flanking peptides issue from the maturation of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) slightly modulate hIAPP-fibril formation but not hIAPP-induced cell death. Biochimie 2019; 170:26-35. [PMID: 31838129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by the formation of amyloid fibrillar deposits consisting mainly in human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), a peptide co-produced and co-secreted with insulin. hIAPP and insulin are synthesized by pancreatic β cells initially as prehormones resulting after sequential cleavages in the mature peptides as well as the two flanking peptides (N- and C-terminal) and the C-peptide, respectively. It has been suggested that in the secretory granules, the kinetics of hIAPP fibril formation could be modulated by some internal factors. Indeed, insulin is known to be a potent inhibitor of hIAPP fibril formation and hIAPP-induced cell toxicity. Here we investigate whether the flanking peptides could regulate hIAPP fibril formation and toxicity by combining biophysical and biological approaches. Our data reveal that both flanking peptides are not amyloidogenic. In solution and in the presence of phospholipid membranes, they are not able to totally inhibit hIAPP-fibril formation neither hIAPP-membrane damage. In the presence of INS-1 cells, a rat pancreatic β-cell line, the flanking peptides do not modulate hIAPP fibrillation neither hIAPP-induced cell death while in the presence of human islets, they have a slightly tendency to reduce hIAPP fibril formation but not its toxicity. These data demonstrate that the flanking peptides do not strongly contribute to reduce mature hIAPP amyloidogenesis in solution and in living cells, suggesting that other biochemical factors present in the cells must act on mature hIAPP fibril formation and hIAPP-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadai Salazar Vazquez
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Blondeau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche de St-Antoine, Lipodystrophies, Adaptations Métaboliques et Hormonales, et Vieillissement, 27 Rue de Chaligny, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Cattan
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hospital Saint-Louis and University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hospital Saint-Louis and University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Ghislaine Guillemain
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche de St-Antoine, Lipodystrophies, Adaptations Métaboliques et Hormonales, et Vieillissement, 27 Rue de Chaligny, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Lucie Khemtemourian
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France.
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9
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Gonzalez-Duque S, Azoury ME, Colli ML, Afonso G, Turatsinze JV, Nigi L, Lalanne AI, Sebastiani G, Carré A, Pinto S, Culina S, Corcos N, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Armanet M, Diedisheim M, Kyewski B, Steinmetz LM, Buus S, You S, Dubois-Laforgue D, Larger E, Beressi JP, Bruno G, Dotta F, Scharfmann R, Eizirik DL, Verdier Y, Vinh J, Mallone R. Conventional and Neo-antigenic Peptides Presented by β Cells Are Targeted by Circulating Naïve CD8+ T Cells in Type 1 Diabetic and Healthy Donors. Cell Metab 2018; 28:946-960.e6. [PMID: 30078552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although CD8+ T-cell-mediated autoimmune β cell destruction occurs in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the target epitopes processed and presented by β cells are unknown. To identify them, we combined peptidomics and transcriptomics strategies. Inflammatory cytokines increased peptide presentation in vitro, paralleling upregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression. Peptide sources featured several insulin granule proteins and all known β cell antigens, barring islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein. Preproinsulin yielded HLA-A2-restricted epitopes previously described. Secretogranin V and its mRNA splice isoform SCG5-009, proconvertase-2, urocortin-3, the insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1, and an islet amyloid polypeptide transpeptidation product emerged as antigens processed into HLA-A2-restricted epitopes, which, as those already described, were recognized by circulating naive CD8+ T cells in T1D and healthy donors and by pancreas-infiltrating cells in T1D donors. This peptidome opens new avenues to understand antigen processing by β cells and for the development of T cell biomarkers and tolerogenic vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gonzalez-Duque
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, CNRS USR3149, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie Eliane Azoury
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Maikel L Colli
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Georgia Afonso
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Valery Turatsinze
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Nigi
- University of Siena, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Diabetes Unit and Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ana Ines Lalanne
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- University of Siena, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Diabetes Unit and Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alexia Carré
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sheena Pinto
- DKFZ, Division of Developmental Immunology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Slobodan Culina
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Noémie Corcos
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marco Bugliani
- University of Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Cell Therapy Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Marc Diedisheim
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Kyewski
- DKFZ, Division of Developmental Immunology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars M Steinmetz
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Søren Buus
- Panum Institute, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sylvaine You
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Daniele Dubois-Laforgue
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Larger
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Beressi
- Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot, Service de Diabétologie, 78150 Le Chesnay, France
| | - Graziella Bruno
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- University of Siena, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Diabetes Unit and Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yann Verdier
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, CNRS USR3149, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joelle Vinh
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, CNRS USR3149, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Roberto Mallone
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France.
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10
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Diedisheim M, Oshima M, Albagli O, Huldt CW, Ahlstedt I, Clausen M, Menon S, Aivazidis A, Andreasson AC, Haynes WG, Marchetti P, Marselli L, Armanet M, Chimienti F, Scharfmann R. Modeling human pancreatic beta cell dedifferentiation. Mol Metab 2018; 10:74-86. [PMID: 29472102 PMCID: PMC5985229 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dedifferentiation could explain reduced functional pancreatic β-cell mass in type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Here we model human β-cell dedifferentiation using growth factor stimulation in the human β-cell line, EndoC-βH1, and human pancreatic islets. RESULTS Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) treatment reduced expression of β-cell markers, (INS, MAFB, SLC2A2, SLC30A8, and GCK) and activated ectopic expression of MYC, HES1, SOX9, and NEUROG3. FGF2-induced dedifferentiation was time- and dose-dependent and reversible upon wash-out. Furthermore, FGF2 treatment induced expression of TNFRSF11B, a decoy receptor for RANKL and protected β-cells against RANKL signaling. Finally, analyses of transcriptomic data revealed increased FGF2 expression in ductal, endothelial, and stellate cells in pancreas from T2D patients, whereas FGFR1, SOX,9 and HES1 expression increased in islets from T2D patients. CONCLUSIONS We thus developed an FGF2-induced model of human β-cell dedifferentiation, identified new markers of dedifferentiation, and found evidence for increased pancreatic FGF2, FGFR1, and β-cell dedifferentiation in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Diedisheim
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Masaya Oshima
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Albagli
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Wennberg Huldt
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ingela Ahlstedt
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Maryam Clausen
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Suraj Menon
- RDI Operations, Granta Park, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Aivazidis
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anne-Christine Andreasson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - William G Haynes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, 75010, France
| | - Fabrice Chimienti
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
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11
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Richards P, Rachdi L, Oshima M, Marchetti P, Bugliani M, Armanet M, Postic C, Guilmeau S, Scharfmann R. MondoA Is an Essential Glucose-Responsive Transcription Factor in Human Pancreatic β-Cells. Diabetes 2018; 67:461-472. [PMID: 29282201 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the mechanisms by which glucose regulates insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are now well described, the way glucose modulates gene expression in such cells needs more understanding. Here, we demonstrate that MondoA, but not its paralog carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein, is the predominant glucose-responsive transcription factor in human pancreatic β-EndoC-βH1 cells and in human islets. In high-glucose conditions, MondoA shuttles to the nucleus where it is required for the induction of the glucose-responsive genes arrestin domain-containing protein 4 (ARRDC4) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), the latter being a protein strongly linked to β-cell dysfunction and diabetes. Importantly, increasing cAMP signaling in human β-cells, using forskolin or the glucagon-like peptide 1 mimetic Exendin-4, inhibits the shuttling of MondoA and potently inhibits TXNIP and ARRDC4 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that silencing MondoA expression improves glucose uptake in EndoC-βH1 cells. These results highlight MondoA as a novel target in β-cells that coordinates transcriptional response to elevated glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Richards
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Latif Rachdi
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Masaya Oshima
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Cell Therapy Unit Hospital Saint-Louis and University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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12
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Chandra V, Karamitri A, Richards P, Cormier F, Ramond C, Jockers R, Armanet M, Albagli-Curiel O, Scharfmann R. Extracellular acidification stimulates GPR68 mediated IL-8 production in human pancreatic β cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25765. [PMID: 27166427 PMCID: PMC4863151 DOI: 10.1038/srep25765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute or chronic metabolic complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis are often associated with extracellular acidification and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, the mechanisms by which human β-cells sense and respond to acidic pH remain elusive. In this study, using the recently developed human β-cell line EndoC-βH2, we demonstrate that β-cells respond to extracellular acidification through GPR68, which is the predominant proton sensing receptor of human β-cells. Using gain- and loss-of-function studies, we provide evidence that the β-cell enriched transcription factor RFX6 is a major regulator of GPR68. Further, we show that acidic pH stimulates the production and secretion of the chemokine IL-8 by β-cells through NF-кB activation. Blocking of GPR68 or NF-кB activity severely attenuated acidification induced IL-8 production. Thus, we provide mechanistic insights into GPR68 mediated β-cell response to acidic microenvironment, which could be a new target to protect β-cell against acidosis induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Chandra
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Angeliki Karamitri
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Paul Richards
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Françoise Cormier
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Cyrille Ramond
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, and University Paris-Diderot, Paris, 75010, France
| | - Olivier Albagli-Curiel
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, 75014, France
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13
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Lavallard V, Armanet M, Parnaud G, Meyer J, Barbieux C, Montanari E, Meier R, Morel P, Berney T, Bosco D. Cell rearrangement in transplanted human islets. FASEB J 2016; 30:748-760. [PMID: 26534832 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-273805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The major feature of the human pancreatic islet architecture is the organization of endocrine cells into clusters comprising central β cells and peripheral α cells surrounded by vasculature. To have an insight into the mechanisms that govern this unique islet architecture, islet cells were isolated, and reaggregation of α and β cells into islet-like structures (pseudoislets) after culture or transplantation into mice was studied by immunohistology. The pseudoislets formed in culture displayed an unusual cell arrangement, contrasting with the transplanted pseudoislets, which exhibited a cell arrangement similar to that observed in native pancreatic islet subunits. The pattern of revascularization and the distribution of extracellular matrix around transplanted pseudoislets were alike to those observed in native pancreatic islets. This organization of transplanted pseudoislets occurred also when revascularization was abolished by treating mice with an anti-VEGF antibody, but not when contact with extracellular matrix was prevented by encapsulation of pseudoislets within alginate hydrogel. These results indicate that the maintenance of islet cell arrangement is dependent on in vivo features such as extracellular matrix but independent of vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lavallard
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Parnaud
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Meyer
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Barbieux
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Montanari
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Meier
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Morel
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Berney
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Domenico Bosco
- *Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University Paris 7, Paris, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Paris, France
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Broca C, Varin E, Armanet M, Tourrel-Cuzin C, Bosco D, Dalle S, Wojtusciszyn A. Correction: proteasome dysfunction mediates high glucose-induced apoptosis in rodent Beta cells and human islets. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102652. [PMID: 25000098 PMCID: PMC4085027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092066.].
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15
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Broca C, Varin E, Armanet M, Tourrel-Cuzin C, Bosco D, Dalle S, Wojtusciszyn A. Proteasome dysfunction mediates high glucose-induced apoptosis in rodent beta cells and human islets. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92066. [PMID: 24642635 PMCID: PMC3958412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS), a major cellular protein degradation machinery, plays key roles in the regulation of many cell functions. Glucotoxicity mediated by chronic hyperglycaemia is detrimental to the function and survival of pancreatic beta cells. The aim of our study was to determine whether proteasome dysfunction could be involved in beta cell apoptosis in glucotoxic conditions, and to evaluate whether such a dysfunction might be pharmacologically corrected. Therefore, UPS activity was measured in GK rats islets, INS-1E beta cells or human islets after high glucose and/or UPS inhibitor exposure. Immunoblotting was used to quantify polyubiquitinated proteins, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through CHOP expression, and apoptosis through the cleavage of PARP and caspase-3, whereas total cell death was detected through histone-associated DNA fragments measurement. In vitro, we found that chronic exposure of INS-1E cells to high glucose concentrations significantly decreases the three proteasome activities by 20% and leads to caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. We showed that pharmacological blockade of UPS activity by 20% leads to apoptosis in a same way. Indeed, ER stress was involved in both conditions. These results were confirmed in human islets, and proteasome activities were also decreased in hyperglycemic GK rats islets. Moreover, we observed that a high glucose treatment hypersensitized beta cells to the apoptotic effect of proteasome inhibitors. Noteworthily, the decreased proteasome activity can be corrected with Exendin-4, which also protected against glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our findings reveal an important role of proteasome activity in high glucose-induced beta cell apoptosis, potentially linking ER stress and glucotoxicity. These proteasome dysfunctions can be reversed by a GLP-1 analog. Thus, UPS may be a potent target to treat deleterious metabolic conditions leading to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Broca
- CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, and Montpellier 1 & 2 University, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory for Diabetes Cell Therapy, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, University Hospital St-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Elodie Varin
- CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, and Montpellier 1 & 2 University, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory for Diabetes Cell Therapy, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, University Hospital St-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Laboratory for Diabetes Cell Therapy, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, University Hospital St-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Tourrel-Cuzin
- B2PE Laboratory (Biology & Pathology of Endocrine Pancreas), BFA Unit, Univ. Paris-Diderot, CNRS EAC4413, Paris, France
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, and Montpellier 1 & 2 University, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory for Diabetes Cell Therapy, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, University Hospital St-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, and Montpellier 1 & 2 University, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory for Diabetes Cell Therapy, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, University Hospital St-Eloi, Montpellier, France
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetes-Nutrition, University Hospital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
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Hernu R, Eydoux N, Peiretti A, El-Khoury C, Robert D, Argaud L, Armanet M. [Evaluation of the management of COPD exacerbations: an audit in French emergency services]. Rev Pneumol Clin 2013; 69:126-131. [PMID: 23561900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are major events in the history of this chronic respiratory disease. Their management in French emergency services is unknown, although national guidelines exist. METHODS This is a descriptive audit study, over a 10 weeks period (12/01-22/03/2009), of the management of COPD exacerbations in the RESUVal (Réseau des Urgences de la Vallée du Rhône, France) network emergency departments. RESULTS The enrollement of 16 emergency units allowed the analysis of 221 exacerbations of COPD. Measurement of respiratory rate and description of the sputum were mentioned in only 99 (45%) medical records. The rest of the initial assessment was generally satisfactory. Regarding the therapeutic management, 215 (97%) patients received oxygen, beta-2-agonist aerosols were administrated for 209 (95%) patients and anticholinergic aerosols were used for 176 (80%) patients. A systemic corticosteroid and antibiotics were respectively prescribed for 116 (52%) and 123 (56%) patients. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) was used in only 59% of patients presenting a pH<7.35. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that management of exacerbations of COPD could be improved through systematic patients' respiratory rate and sputum characteristics recording or NIV utilization reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hernu
- Service de réanimation médicale, hospices civils de Lyon, groupement hospitalier Édouard-Herriot, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France.
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Valtat B, Riveline JP, Zhang P, Singh-Estivalet A, Armanet M, Venteclef N, Besseiche A, Kelly DP, Tronche F, Ferré P, Gautier JF, Bréant B, Blondeau B. Fetal PGC-1α overexpression programs adult pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Diabetes 2013; 62:1206-16. [PMID: 23274887 PMCID: PMC3609553 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult β-cell dysfunction, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, can be programmed by adverse fetal environment. We have shown that fetal glucocorticoids (GCs) participate in this programming through inhibition of β-cell development. Here we have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation. We showed that GCs stimulate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a coregulator of the GCs receptor (GR), and that the overexpression of PGC-1α represses genes important for β-cell development and function. More precisely, PGC-1α inhibited the expression of the key β-cell transcription factor pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1). This repression required the GR and was mediated through binding of a GR/PGC-1α complex to the Pdx1 promoter. To explore PGC-1α function, we generated mice with inducible β-cell PGC-1α overexpression. Mice overexpressing PGC-1α exhibited at adult age impaired glucose tolerance associated with reduced insulin secretion, decreased β-cell mass, and β-cell hypotrophy. Interestingly, PGC-1α expression in fetal life only was sufficient to impair adult β-cell function whereas β-cell PGC-1α overexpression from adult age had no consequence on β-cell function. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the GR and PGC-1α participate in the fetal programming of adult β-cell function through inhibition of Pdx1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Valtat
- INSERM, UMRS 872, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Riveline
- INSERM, UMRS 872, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ping Zhang
- INSERM, UMRS 872, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Amrit Singh-Estivalet
- INSERM, UMRS 872, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- INSERM, UMRS 872, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- INSERM, UMRS 872, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Besseiche
- INSERM, UMRS 872, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Daniel P. Kelly
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - François Tronche
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR INSERM 952-CNRS 7224, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Ferré
- INSERM, UMRS 872, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Gautier
- INSERM, UMRS 872, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Bernadette Bréant
- INSERM, UMRS 872, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Blondeau
- INSERM, UMRS 872, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Corresponding author: Bertrand Blondeau,
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18
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Ravassard P, Hazhouz Y, Pechberty S, Bricout-Neveu E, Armanet M, Czernichow P, Scharfmann R. A genetically engineered human pancreatic β cell line exhibiting glucose-inducible insulin secretion. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:3589-97. [PMID: 21865645 DOI: 10.1172/jci58447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense efforts over the past 30 years, human pancreatic β cell lines have not been available. Here, we describe a robust technology for producing a functional human β cell line using targeted oncogenesis in human fetal tissue. Human fetal pancreatic buds were transduced with a lentiviral vector that expressed SV40LT under the control of the insulin promoter. The transduced buds were then grafted into SCID mice so that they could develop into mature pancreatic tissue. Upon differentiation, the newly formed SV40LT-expressing β cells proliferated and formed insulinomas. The resulting β cells were then transduced with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), grafted into other SCID mice, and finally expanded in vitro to generate cell lines. One of these cell lines, EndoC-βH1, expressed many β cell-specific markers without any substantial expression of markers of other pancreatic cell types. The cells secreted insulin when stimulated by glucose or other insulin secretagogues, and cell transplantation reversed chemically induced diabetes in mice. These cells represent a unique tool for large-scale drug discovery and provide a preclinical model for cell replacement therapy in diabetes. This technology could be generalized to generate other human cell lines when the cell type-specific promoter is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Ravassard
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Biotechnology and Biotherapy Team, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France.
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Crowe LA, Ris F, Nielles-Vallespin S, Speier P, Masson S, Armanet M, Morel P, Toso C, Bosco D, Berney T, Vallee JP. A novel method for quantitative monitoring of transplanted islets of langerhans by positive contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:1158-68. [PMID: 21564535 PMCID: PMC3110629 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The Automatic Quantitative Ultrashort Echo Time imaging (AQUTE) protocol for serial MRI allows quantitative in vivo monitoring of iron labeled pancreatic islets of Langerhans transplanted into the liver, quantifying graft implantation and persistence in a rodent model. Rats (n = 14), transplanted with iron oxide loaded cells (0-4000 islet equivalents, IEQ), were imaged using a 3D radial ultrashort echo time difference technique (dUTE) on a Siemens MAGNETOM 3T clinical scanner up to 5 months postsurgery. In vivo 3D dUTE images gave positive contrast from labeled cells, suppressing liver signal and small vessels, allowing automatic quantification. Position of labeled islet clusters was consistent over time and quantification of hyperintense pixels correlated with the number of injected IEQs (R² = 0.898, p < 0.0001), and showed persistence over time (5 months posttransplantation). Automatic quantification was superior to standard imaging and manual counting methods, due to the uniform suppressed background and high contrast, resulting in significant timesavings, reproducibility and ease of quantification. Three-dimensional coverage of the whole liver in the absence of cardiac/respiratory artifact provided further improvement over conventional imaging. This imaging protocol reliably quantifies transplanted islet mass and has high translational potential to clinical studies of transplanted pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Crowe
- Department of Radiology, University of Geneva School of Medicine and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Ris
- Cell Isolation and Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva School of Medicine and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Solange Masson
- Cell Isolation and Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva School of Medicine and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Cell Isolation and Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva School of Medicine and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Morel
- Cell Isolation and Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva School of Medicine and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Cell Isolation and Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva School of Medicine and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva School of Medicine and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva School of Medicine and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Vallee
- Department of Radiology, University of Geneva School of Medicine and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kessler L, Greget M, Metivier AC, Moreau F, Armanet M, Santelmo N, Massard G, Berney T, Kessler R. Combined pancreatic islets-lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: case reports. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:4338-40. [PMID: 21168694 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report two cases of percutaneous portal embolization of pancreatic islets performed after double lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients using the pancreas of the same donor. CASE 1: A 19-year-old man with CF had insulin-dependent diabetes, which was poorly controlled despite an external insulin pump (96 IU/d): HbA(1c) = 9.8% and 1 to 3 hypoglycemic events per day. On October 29, 2007, he received a double lung graft because of chronic respiratory failure. For days after lung transplantation, 149,000 cultured IEQ (Islet EQuivalent) were injected by percutaneous intraportal infusion under local anesthesia. Immunosuppression consisted of steroids, cyclosporine, and azathioprine. Two years later, the forced expiratory volume (FEV) was 83%; C peptide level reached 1.4 μg/L, and the diabetes was satisfactorily controlled with an HbA(1c) of 7.5% and a decrease in insulin requirements to 30 U/d in the absence of hypoglycemic events. CASE 2: On July 10, 2006, a 32-year-old man with CF-related diabetes received a double lung graft because of chronic respiratory failure. Under multiple insulin injections, the HbA(1c) was 9.6% with numerous hypoglycemic events. On March 11, 2008, he again received a double lung graft because of persistent humoral rejection. Despite severe bleeding during the postoperative course, 234,000 IEQ were injected via the portal vein one week after lung transplantation. Immunosuppression consisted of steroids, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil. Eighteen months after the combined graft, the FEV was 52%; the plasma C-peptide reached 0.79 μg/L, the HbA(1c), 6% and the insulin requirements decreased to 55 U/d in the absence of hypoglycemic events. CONCLUSION Combined lung-islet transplantation for patients with CF-related diabetes improved pulmonary and metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kessler
- Service d’Endocrinologie, Diabète et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital Civil, 1, place de l’Hôpital, 67091-Strasbourg, France.
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Ris F, Lepetit-Coiffe M, Meda P, Crowe LA, Toso C, Armanet M, Niclauss N, Parnaud G, Giovannoni L, Bosco D, Morel P, Vallee JP, Berney T. Assessment of human islet labeling with clinical grade iron nanoparticles prior to transplantation for graft monitoring by MRI. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:1573-85. [PMID: 20719068 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x515863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo labeling of islets with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles allows posttransplant MRI imaging of the graft. In the present study, we compare two clinical grade SPIOs (ferucarbotran and ferumoxide) in terms of toxicity, islet cellular uptake, and MRI imaging. Human islets (80-90% purity) were incubated for 24 h with various concentrations of SPIOs (14-280 μg/ml of iron). Static incubations were performed, comparing insulin response to basal (2.8 mM) or high glucose stimulation (16.7 mM), with or without cAMP stimulation. Insulin and Perl's (assessment of iron content) staining were performed. Electronic microscopy analysis was performed. Labeled islets were used for in vitro or in vivo imaging in MRI 1.5T. Liver section after organ removal was performed in the same plane as MRI imaging to get a correlation between histology and radiology. Postlabeling islet viability (80 ± 10%) and function (in vitro static incubation and in vivo engraftment of human islets in nude mice) were similar in both groups. Iron uptake assessed by electron microscopy showed iron inclusions within the islets with ferucarbotran, but not with ferumoxide. MRI imaging (1.5T) of phantoms and of human islets transplanted in rats, demonstrated a strong signal with ferucarbotran, but only a weak signal with ferumoxide. Signal persisted for >8 weeks in the absence of rejection. An excellent correlation was observed between radiologic images and histology. The hepatic clearance of intraportally injected ferucarbotran was faster than that of ferumoxide, generating less background. A rapid signal decrease was observed in rejecting xenogeneic islets. According to the present data, ferucarbotran is the most appropriate of available clinical grade SPIOs for human islet imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Ris
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, School of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Owing to strong interactions between pancreatic islets and the surrounding capillary network, we hypothesized that high glucose concentrations might affect key angiogenesis factors from isolated human islets, thus contributing to beta-cell failure in diabetes. Human islets from eight distinct donors were studied following 96 h in culture in the presence of normal (5.5 mmol/l) or high (16.7 mmol/l) glucose concentrations. Similar studies were performed with HUVECs. Human angiogenesis-related genes and corresponding proteins were studied by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and protein arrays respectively. Angiogenesis and proliferation assays were also performed with HUVECs under the same culture conditions. RT-qPCR and proteome analysis of human islets incubated with 16.7 mM/l glucose revealed a significant decrease in pro-angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA by 20% and VEGF protein levels by 42% as well as additional proteins such as fibroblast growth factor-4 by 41%, MMP9 by 18%, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by 21%, and prolactin by 25%. In contrast, we observed a 17% increase in thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1, listed as THBS1 in the HUGO database) and a 37% increase in angiotensinogen gene expression levels, but neither angiotensin-converting enzyme nor angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene expression was affected. The amounts of anti-angiogenic proteins such as TSP-1 and serpin B5/maspin were also increased by 70 and 98% respectively as well as endostatin by 63%. Angiogenesis assays of HUVECS in the presence of high glucose concentrations revealed a 30% decrease in tree-like tubular network formation. These data suggest that glucose reduces key factors of islet angiogenesis, which might exacerbate beta-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dubois
- Inserm U870/Inra 1235, Faculté de Médecine Lyon sud, 69600 Oullins, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is generally admitted that the endocrine cell organization in human islets is different from that of rodent islets. However, a clear description of human islet architecture has not yet been reported. The aim of this work was to describe our observations on the arrangement of human islet cells. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Human pancreas specimens and isolated islets were processed for histology. Sections were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy after immunostaining for islet hormones and endothelial cells. RESULTS In small human islets (40-60 mum in diameter), beta-cells had a core position, alpha-cells had a mantle position, and vessels laid at their periphery. In bigger islets, alpha-cells had a similar mantle position but were found also along vessels that penetrate and branch inside the islets. As a consequence of this organization, the ratio of beta-cells to alpha-cells was constantly higher in the core than in the mantle part of the islets, and decreased with increasing islet diameter. This core-mantle segregation of islet cells was also observed in type 2 diabetic donors but not in cultured isolated islets. Three-dimensional analysis revealed that islet cells were in fact organized into trilaminar epithelial plates, folded with different degrees of complexity and bordered by vessels on both sides. In epithelial plates, most beta-cells were located in a central position but frequently showed cytoplasmic extensions between outlying non-beta-cells. CONCLUSIONS Human islets have a unique architecture allowing all endocrine cells to be adjacent to blood vessels and favoring heterologous contacts between beta- and alpha-cells, while permitting homologous contacts between beta-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Armanet M, Wojtusciszyn A, Morel P, Parnaud G, Rousselle P, Sinigaglia C, Berney T, Bosco D. Regulated laminin-332 expression in human islets of Langerhans. FASEB J 2009; 23:4046-55. [PMID: 19667121 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-127142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Laminin-332 (LN-332) is a basement membrane component known to exert a beneficial effect on rat pancreatic beta cells in vitro. In this work, we analyzed the expression of LN-332 in human islets, its expression after inflammatory insults by cytokines, and the molecular mechanisms responsible for this effect. By Western blotting and RT-PCR, we showed that LN-332 was expressed in isolated human islets. By immunofluorescence on pancreas sections, we observed that labeling was confined to endocrine cells in islets. Confocal microscopy analysis on isolated islet cells revealed that labeling was granular but did not colocalize with hormone secretory granules. LN-332 was most abundant in cultured islets compared to freshly isolated islets and was found in culture medium, which suggests that it was secreted by islets. When islets were exposed to interleukin (IL)-1beta, expression and secretion of LN-332 increased as compared to control. No effect was observed with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma. LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) activity, inhibited culture- and IL-1beta-induced LN-332 expression in islets. These results show that LN-332, known to have some beneficial effect on beta cells in vitro, is produced and secreted by endocrine islet cells and is up-regulated by stressing conditions such as culture and IL-1beta-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Armanet
- Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
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Wojtusciszyn A, Andres A, Morel P, Charvier S, Armanet M, Toso C, Choi Y, Bosco D, Berney T. Immunomodulation by blockade of the TRANCE co-stimulatory pathway in murine allogeneic islet transplantation. Transpl Int 2009; 22:931-9. [PMID: 19453995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.00892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We explore herein the effect of TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) co-stimulatory pathway blockade on islet survival after allograft transplantation. Expression of TRANCE on murine C57Bl/6 (B6) CD4+ T cells after allogeneic activation was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). The effect of a TRANCE receptor fusion protein (TR-Fc) and anti-CD154 antibody (MR1) on B6 spleen cell proliferation after allogeneic activation was assessed by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Three groups of B6 mice were transplanted with allogeneic islets (DBA2): Control; short-term TR-Fc-treatment (days 0-4); and prolonged TR-Fc-treatment (days -1 to 13). Donor-specific transfusion (DST) was performed at the time of islet transplantation in one independent experiment. Transplantectomy samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. TRANCE expression was upregulated in stimulated CD4+ T cells in vitro. In MLR experiments, TR-Fc and MR1 both reduced spleen cell proliferation, but less than the combination of both molecules. Short-course TR-Fc treatment did not prolong islet graft survival when compared with controls (10.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 10.7 +/- 1.5 days) in contrast to prolonged treatment (20.7 +/- 3.2 days; P < 0.05). After DST, primary non function (PNF) was observed in half of control mice, but never in TR-Fc-treated mice. Immunofluorescence staining for Mac-1 showed a clear decrease in macrophage recruitment in the treated groups. TRANCE-targeting may be an effective strategy for the prolongation of allogeneic islet graft survival, thanks to its inhibitory effects on co-stimulatory signals and macrophage recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Wojtusciszyn
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Wojtusciszyn A, Armanet M, Morel P, Berney T, Bosco D. Insulin secretion from human beta cells is heterogeneous and dependent on cell-to-cell contacts. Diabetologia 2008; 51:1843-52. [PMID: 18665347 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We assessed the heterogeneity of insulin secretion from human isolated beta cells and its regulation by cell-to-cell contacts. METHODS Insulin secretion from single and paired cells was assessed by a reverse haemolytic plaque assay. The percentage of plaque-forming cells, the mean plaque area and the total plaque development were evaluated after 1 h of stimulation with different secretagogues. RESULTS Not all beta cells were surrounded by a haemolytic plaque under all conditions tested. A small fraction of the beta cell population (20%) secreted more than 90% and 70% of total insulin at 2.2 and 22.2 mmol/l glucose, respectively. Plaque-forming cells, mean plaque area and total plaque development were increased at 12.2 and 22.2 compared with 2.2 mmol/l glucose. Insulin secretion of single beta cells was similar at 12.2 and 22.2 mmol/l glucose. Insulin secretion of beta cell pairs was increased compared with that of single beta cells and was higher at 22.2 than at 12.2 mmol/l glucose. Insulin secretion of beta cells in contact with alpha cells was also increased compared with single beta cells, but was similar at 22.2 compared with 12.2 mmol/l glucose. Delta and other non-beta cells did not increase insulin secretion of contacting beta cells compared with that of single beta cells. Differences in insulin secretion between 22.2 and 12.2 mmol/l glucose were observed in murine but not in human islets. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Human beta cells are highly heterogeneous in terms of insulin secretion so that a small fraction of beta cells contributes to the majority of insulin secreted. Homologous and heterologous intercellular contacts have a significant impact on insulin secretion and this could be related to the particular architecture of human islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wojtusciszyn
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1 rue Michel Servet, Genève-4, Switzerland
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Toso C, Zaidi H, Morel P, Armanet M, Wojtusciszyn A, Mai G, Baertschiger R, Buhler L, Berney T. Assessment of 18F-FDG-Leukocyte Imaging to Monitor Rejection After Pancreatic Islet Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:3033-4. [PMID: 17112892 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM We sought to investigate the feasibility of 18F-FDG-leukocyte imaging to detect islet rejection. METHODS Two thousand Sprague-Dawley (SD, syngeneic group) or Lewis (allogeneic group) islet equivalents were intraportally injected into SD rat recipients. Four and 7 days after transplantation, 10(8) 18F-FDG-labeled splenocytes were injected into the jugular vein. Splenocytes were harvested from naïve or sensitized (12 days after intraportal transplantation of 2000 Lewis IEQ) SD rats. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was started 5 minutes after splenocyte infusion and performed hourly for 4 hours. RESULTS One hour after splenocyte injection, FDG was mainly detected in the heart and lungs. It was then further distributed to other organs, and from the second hour, the highest tracer concentration was located in the abdomen. Liver FDG uptake was similar between syngeneic, allogeneic, and sensitized allogeneic groups at 4 and 7 days after islet transplantation. DISCUSSION No islet rejection was detected by 18F-FDG-leukocyte imaging. The amount of transplanted tissue was only few millilitres and the additional related inflammation in case of rejection is small and difficult to detect. The liver showed a relatively high spontaneous tracer uptake; the related background prevented detection of a potential increase in tracer uptake in cases of islet rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Toso
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Clinic for Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Berney T, Mamin A, James Shapiro AM, Ritz-Laser B, Brulhart MC, Toso C, Demuylder-Mischler S, Armanet M, Baertschiger R, Wojtusciszyn A, Benhamou PY, Bosco D, Morel P, Philippe J. Detection of insulin mRNA in the peripheral blood after human islet transplantion predicts deterioration of metabolic control. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:1704-11. [PMID: 16827874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent updates of the Edmonton trial have shown that insulin independence is progressively lost in approximately 90% of islet transplant recipients over the first 5 years. Early prediction of islet graft injury could prompt the implementation of strategies attempting to salvage the transplanted islets. We hypothesize that islet damage is associated with the release and detection of insulin mRNA in the circulating blood. Whole blood samples were prospectively taken from 19 patients with type 1 diabetes receiving 31 islet transplants, immediately prior to transplantation and at regular time-points thereafter. After RNA extraction, levels of insulin mRNA were determined by quantitative reverse tran-scriptase-polymerase chain reaction. All patients exhibited a primary peak of insulin mRNA immediately after transplantation, without correlation of duration and amplitude with graft size or outcome. Twenty-five subsequent peaks were observed during the follow-up of 17 transplantations. Fourteen secondary peaks (56%) were closely followed by events related to islet graft function. Duration and amplitude of peaks were higher when they heralded occurrence of an adverse event. Peaks of insulin mRNA can be detected and are often associated with alterations of islet graft function. These data suggest that insulin mRNA detection in the peripheral blood is a promising method for the prediction of islet graft damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Berney
- Division of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Parnaud G, Hammar E, Rouiller DG, Armanet M, Halban PA, Bosco D. Blockade of beta1 integrin-laminin-5 interaction affects spreading and insulin secretion of rat beta-cells attached on extracellular matrix. Diabetes 2006; 55:1413-20. [PMID: 16644699 DOI: 10.2337/db05-1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
When attached on a matrix produced by a rat bladder carcinoma cell line (804G matrix), rat pancreatic beta-cells spread in response to glucose and secrete more insulin compared with cells attached on poly-l-lysine. The aim of this study was to determine whether laminin-5 and its corresponding cell receptor beta1 integrin are implicated in these phenomena. By using specific blocking antibodies, we demonstrated that laminin-5 is the component present in 804G matrix responsible for the effect of 804G matrix on beta-cell function and spreading. When expression of two well-known laminin-5 ligands, beta1 and beta4 integrin, was assessed by Western blot and RT-PCR, only the beta1 integrin was detected in beta-cells. Anti-beta1 integrin antibody reduced the spreading of beta-cells on 804G matrix. Blockade of the interaction between beta1 integrins and laminin-5 resulted in a reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Blocking anti-beta1 integrin antibody also inhibited focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation induced by 804G matrix. In conclusion, anti-beta1 integrin and -laminin-5 antibodies interfere with spreading of beta-cells, resulting in decreased insulin secretion in response to glucose. Our findings indicate that outside-in signaling via engagement of beta1 integrins by laminin-5 is an important component of normal beta-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Parnaud
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland.
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Toso C, Baertschiger R, Morel P, Bosco D, Armanet M, Wojtusciszyn A, Badet L, Philippe J, Becker CD, Hadaya K, Majno P, Bühler L, Berney T. Sequential kidney/islet transplantation: efficacy and safety assessment of a steroid-free immunosuppression protocol. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:1049-58. [PMID: 16611343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency and safety of the Edmonton immunosuppression protocol in recipients of islet-after-kidney (IAK) grafts. Fifteen islet infusions were administered to 8 patients with type 1 diabetes and a functioning kidney graft. Immunosuppression was switched on the day of transplantation to a regimen associating sirolimus-tacrolimus-daclizumab. Insulin-independence was achieved in all patients for at least 3 months, with an actual rate of 71% at 1 year after transplantation (5 of 7 patients). After 24-month mean follow-up, five have ongoing insulin independence, 11-34 months after transplantation, with normal HbA1c, fructosamine and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) values. Results of arginine-stimulation tests improved over time, mostly after the second islet infusion. Severe adverse events included bleeding after percutaneous portal access (n=2), severe pneumonia attributed to sirolimus toxicity (n=1), kidney graft loss after immunosuppression discontinuation (n=1), reversible humoral kidney rejection (n=1) and fever of unknown origin (n=1). These data indicate that the Edmonton approach can be successfully applied to the IAK setting. This procedure is associated with significant side effects and only patients with stable function of the kidney graft should be considered. The net harm versus benefit has not yet been established and will require further studies with larger numbers of enrolled subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Toso
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Division of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Wojtusciszyn A, Bosco D, Morel P, Baertschiger R, Armanet M, Kempf MC, Badet L, Toso C, Berney T. A Comparison of Cold Storage Solutions for Pancreas Preservation Prior to Islet Isolation. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:3396-7. [PMID: 16298605 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several solutions are used to preserve the pancreas prior to islet isolation. This study sought to assess whether the type of solution had an impact on the isolation outcome. METHODS We reviewed data from 125 islet isolation procedures performed from January 2002 to January 2005. Pancreata were preserved in University of Wisconsin (UW) (n = 101), Celsior (CS) (n = 19), or IGL-1 (n = 5) solutions. Islet isolation results and transplantation rates were compared between groups. RESULTS UW, CS, and IGL-1 groups were similar according to donor's age, weight, and body mass index. Weight of undigested pancreas was 20 +/- 13.1, 21.4 +/- 15.7, and 17.4 +/- 8.7 g for UW, CS, and IGL-1, respectively (P > .2). Final total number of IEQ was 267,000 +/- 132,000, 277,000 +/- 155,000, and 311,000 +/- 163,000, respectively (P > .4). Success rate (defined as >250,000 IEQ) was 55.5%, 52.9%, and 60% for UW, Celsior, and IGL-1 (P > .9); the transplantation rate was 42.2% for UW, 36.8% for Celsior, and 80% for IGL-1 preservation (P > .2). CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary study, UW, Celsior, and IGL-1 solutions demonstrated similar islet isolation results. The new IGL-1 solution appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wojtusciszyn
- Surgery, Islet Isolation and Transplantation Center, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Genèva 4, Switzerland.
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Rubí B, Ljubicic S, Pournourmohammadi S, Carobbio S, Armanet M, Bartley C, Maechler P. Dopamine D2-like receptors are expressed in pancreatic beta cells and mediate inhibition of insulin secretion. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:36824-32. [PMID: 16129680 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m505560200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine signaling is mediated by five cloned receptors, grouped into D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3 and D4) families. We identified by reverse transcription-PCR the presence of dopamine receptors from both families in INS-1E insulin-secreting cells as well as in rodent and human isolated islets. D2 receptor expression was confirmed by immunodetection revealing localization on insulin secretory granules of INS-1E and primary rodent and human beta cells. We then tested potential effects mediated by the identified receptors on beta cell function. Dopamine (10 microM) and the D2-like receptor agonist quinpirole (5 microM) inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion tested in several models, i.e. INS-1E beta cells, fluorescence-activated cell-sorted primary rat beta cells, and pancreatic islets of rat, mouse, and human origin. Insulin exocytosis is controlled by metabolism coupled to cytosolic calcium changes. Measurements of glucose-induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization and ATP generation showed that dopamine and D2-like agonists did not inhibit glucose metabolism. On the other hand, dopamine decreased cell membrane depolarization as well as cytosolic calcium increases evoked by glucose stimulation in INS-1E beta cells. These results show for the first time that dopamine receptors are expressed in pancreatic beta cells. Dopamine inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, an effect that could be ascribed to D2-like receptors. Regarding the molecular mechanisms implicated in dopamine-mediated inhibition of insulin release, our results point to distal steps in metabolism-secretion coupling. Thus, the role played by dopamine in glucose homeostasis might involve dopamine receptors, expressed in pancreatic beta cells, modulating insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Rubí
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Toso C, Zaidi H, Morel P, Armanet M, Andres A, Pernin N, Baertschiger R, Slosman D, Bühler LH, Bosco D, Berney T. Positron-Emission Tomography Imaging of Early Events after Transplantation of Islets of Langerhans. Transplantation 2005; 79:353-5. [PMID: 15699768 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000149501.50870.9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess cell trafficking and early events after intraportal islet transplantation. Sprague-Dawley rat islets were incubated for various times, with various concentrations of 2-[F]fluoro-2deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), and in presence of various glucose concentrations. FDG-labeled syngeneic islets or FDG alone were injected in rats. Radioactivity was measured in the liver and in various organs by positron-emission tomography for 6 hours. FDG uptake increased with incubation time or FDG concentration and decreased in presence of glucose. In vivo, all islets implanted in the liver, with an uptake 4.4 times higher than controls (44.2% vs. 10.1%, P=0.02). Radioactivity in the liver decreased at the same rate after injection of labeled-islets and FDG alone. Ex vivo labeling of islets and imaging of posttransplant early events were feasible. Islets engrafted exclusively in the liver. No islet loss could be demonstrated 6 hours after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Toso
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Bernard L, Vaudaux P, Rohner P, Huggler E, Armanet M, Pittet D, Lew DP, Schrenzel J. Comparative analysis and validation of different assays for glycopeptide susceptibility among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. J Microbiol Methods 2004; 57:231-9. [PMID: 15063063 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Revised: 01/08/2004] [Accepted: 01/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates exhibiting intermediate susceptibility to glycopeptides (GISA) is challenging for clinical microbiology laboratories. We compared three different screening assays for evaluating trends in decreased glycopeptide susceptibility during two periods. Ninety four and ninety five consecutive MRSA blood isolates from 189 bacteremic patients collected during periods A (1989-1994) and B (1999-2001), respectively, were screened in parallel for vancomycin or teicoplanin susceptibility by glycopeptide-containing brain-heart infusion agar (BHIA) tests, Etest MICs performed at a standard (0.5 McFarland) or high (2.0 McFarland) inoculum on Mueller-Hinton (MHA) or BHIA, respectively. Any MRSA isolate yielding <50 CFU (representing <10(-6) of the plated inoculum) on either BHIA containing 2 mg/l of vancomycin (V2-BHIA) or 5 mg/l of teicoplanin (T5-BHIA) was considered as fully susceptible to vancomycin or teicoplanin, respectively. The proportion of MRSA isolates yielding>50 CFU on either V2-BHIA or T5-BHIA significantly (P<0.01) increased from 7/94 (7.4 %) or 8/94 (8.5%) in period A to 16/95 (16.8 %) or 14/95 (14.7%) in period B, respectively. Vancomycin Etests MICs on MHA were of lower sensitivity (<30% and<65%), but high specificity (100% and 99%) on periods A and B isolates, respectively, compared to those on V2-BHIA. Vancomycin Etests MICs on BHIA were of a higher sensitivity (57% and 81%) but lower specificity (91% and 65%) compared to those on V2-BHIA, on periods A and B isolates, respectively, reflecting an unexpectedly high number of false positive isolates on period B isolates (28/95). Screening of decreased susceptibility to vancomycin or teicoplanin on V2-BHIA or T5-BHIA, respectively, may represent simple low-cost alternatives to Etest MICs, minimising the risk of missing potential GISA isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Bernard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva, CH-1211, 24 rue Micheli-du-Crest, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
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Imbert P, Armanet M, Fruit G, Calemard E, Parladé E, Bascoul V. [Hospital for post-acute and chronic patients, necessary and logical cinversion of various sanatoriums]. J Med Lyon 1967; 48:327-40. [PMID: 5614939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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