1
|
Ngo Nsoga MT, Pérez-Rodriguez FJ, Mamin A, L’Huillier AG, Cherkaoui A, Kaiser L, Schibler M. Rational Use of Microbiological Tests in the Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Infections Using Restrictive Criteria: a Retrospective Study. Microbiol Spectr 2023:e0317922. [PMID: 36971564 PMCID: PMC10100671 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03179-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiological testing in general and in the setting of central nervous system (CNS) infection in particular are often excessive, leading to superfluous laboratory work and costs. In this regard, restrictive criteria, named Reller criteria, have been developed to reduce unnecessary CSF herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) PCR testing when suspecting encephalitis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Boillat-Blanco N, Mbarack Z, Samaka J, Mlaganile T, Kazimoto T, Mamin A, Genton B, Kaiser L, D'Acremont V. Causes of fever in Tanzanian adults attending outpatient clinics: a prospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:913.e1-913.e7. [PMID: 32896654 PMCID: PMC8186429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exploring fever aetiologies improves patient management. Most febrile adults are outpatients, but all previous studies were conducted in inpatients. This study describes the spectrum of diseases in adults attending outpatient clinics in urban Tanzania. METHODS We recruited consecutive adults with temperature ≥38°C in a prospective cohort study. We collected medical history and performed a clinical examination. We performed 27 364 microbiological diagnostic tests (rapid tests, serologies, cultures and molecular analyses) for a large range of pathogens on blood and nasopharyngeal samples. We based our diagnosis on predefined clinical and microbiological criteria. RESULTS Of 519 individuals, 469 (89%) had a clinically or microbiologically documented infection and 128 (25%) were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -infected. We identified 643 diagnoses: 264 (41%) acute respiratory infections (36 (5.6%) pneumonia, 39 (6.1%) tuberculosis), 71 (11%) infections with another focus (31 (4.8%) gastrointestinal, 26 (4.0%) urogenital, 8 (1.2%) central nervous system) and 252 (39%) infections without focus (134 (21%) dengue, 30 (4.7%) malaria, 28 (4.4%) typhoid). Of the 519 individuals, 318 (61%), 179 (34%), 30 (6%) and 15 (3%), respectively, had a viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal acute infection. HIV-infected individuals had more bacterial infections than HIV-negative (80/122 (66%) versus 100/391 (26%); p < 0.001). Patients with advanced HIV disease had a higher proportion of bacterial infections (55/76 (72%) if CD4 ≤200 cells/mm3 and 25/52 (48%) if CD4 >200 cells/mm3, p 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Viral diseases caused most febrile episodes in adults attending outpatient clinics except in HIV-infected patients. HIV status and a low CD4 level strongly determined the need for antibiotics. Systematic HIV screening is essential to appropriately manage febrile patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Boillat-Blanco
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar Es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Z Mbarack
- Mwananyamala Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - J Samaka
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar Es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - T Mlaganile
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar Es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - T Kazimoto
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar Es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - A Mamin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, And Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Genton
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, And Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V D'Acremont
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prendki V, Huttner B, Marti C, Mamin A, Fubini PE, Meynet MP, Scheffler M, Montet X, Janssens JP, Reny JL, Kaiser L, Garin N, Stirnemann J. Accuracy of comprehensive PCR analysis of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for CT-scan-confirmed pneumonia in elderly patients: a prospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:1114-1119. [PMID: 30641227 PMCID: PMC7172172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the accuracy of PCR detection of viruses and bacteria on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs (NPS) for the diagnosis of pneumonia in elderly individuals. METHODS We included consecutive hospitalized elderly individuals suspected of having pneumonia. At inclusion, NPS were collected from all participants and tested by PCR for the presence of viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens (index test, defined as comprehensive molecular testing). Routine diagnostic tests (blood and sputum culture, urine antigen detection) were also performed. The reference standard was the presence of pneumonia on a low-dose CT scan as assessed by two independent expert radiologists. RESULTS The diagnosis of pneumonia was confirmed in 127 of 199 (64%) included patients (mean age 83 years, community-acquired pneumonia in 105 (83%)). A pathogen was identified by comprehensive molecular testing in 114 patients (57%) and by routine methods in 22 (11%). Comprehensive molecular testing was positive for viruses in 62 patients (31%) and for bacteria in 73 (37%). The sensitivity and specificity were 61% (95% CI 53%-69%) and 50% (95% CI 39%-61%) for comprehensive molecular testing, and 14% (95% CI 82%-21%) and 94% (95% CI 86%-98%) for routine testing, respectively. Positive likelihood ratio was 2.55 for routine methods and 1.23 for comprehensive molecular testing. CONCLUSION Comprehensive molecular testing of NPS increases the number of pathogens detected compared with routine methods, but results are poorly predictive of the presence of pneumonia. Hence, comprehensive molecular testing is unlikely to impact clinical decision-making (NCT02467192). CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02467192.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Prendki
- ) Division of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; ) Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - B Huttner
- ) Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; ) Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - C Marti
- ) Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - A Mamin
- ) Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - P E Fubini
- ) Division of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; ) Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - M P Meynet
- ) Division of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - M Scheffler
- ) Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - X Montet
- ) Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; ) Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - J P Janssens
- ) Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; ) Department of Pneumology, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - J L Reny
- ) Division of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; ) Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; ) Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - L Kaiser
- ) Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; ) Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - N Garin
- ) Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; ) Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; ) Department of General Internal Medicine, Riviera Chablais Hospitals,Monthey, Switzerland
| | - J Stirnemann
- ) Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; ) Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ambrosioni J, Mamin A, Hadengue A, Bernimoulin M, Samii K, Landelle C, Negro F, Kaiser L. Long-term hepatitis E viral load kinetics in an immunocompromised patient treated with ribavirin. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O718-20. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Ambrosioni J, Bridevaux PO, Wagner G, Mamin A, Kaiser L. Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections in a tertiary care centre in the era of molecular diagnosis, Geneva, Switzerland, 2011-2012. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O578-84. [PMID: 24382326 PMCID: PMC7128668 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in large tertiary centres over more than one season in the era of molecular diagnosis. Respiratory clinical specimens received between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2012 were analysed. Respiratory virus testing was performed using a large panel of real‐time PCR or RT‐PCR. Results were analysed according to sample type (upper versus lower respiratory tract) and age group. In all, 2996 (2469 (82.4%) upper; 527 (17.6%) lower) specimens were analysed. Overall positivity rate was 47.4% and 23.7% for upper and lower respiratory samples, respectively. The highest positivity rate was observed in patients under 18 years old (p <0.001); picornaviruses were the most frequent viruses detected over the year. Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus and coronaviruses showed a seasonal peak during the winter season, while picornaviruses and adenoviruses were less frequently detected in these periods. Multiple viral infections were identified in 12% of positive cases and were significantly more frequent in children (p <0.001). In conclusion, we observed significant differences in viral infection rates and virus types among age groups, clinical sample types and seasons. Follow‐up of viral detection over several seasons allows a better understanding of respiratory viral epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ambrosioni
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Berney T, Mamin A, James Shapiro AM, Ritz-Laser B, Brulhart MC, Toso C, Demuylder-Mischler S, Armanet M, Baertschiger R, Wojtusciszyn A, Benhamou PY, Bosco D, Morel P, Philippe J. Detection of insulin mRNA in the peripheral blood after human islet transplantion predicts deterioration of metabolic control. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:1704-11. [PMID: 16827874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent updates of the Edmonton trial have shown that insulin independence is progressively lost in approximately 90% of islet transplant recipients over the first 5 years. Early prediction of islet graft injury could prompt the implementation of strategies attempting to salvage the transplanted islets. We hypothesize that islet damage is associated with the release and detection of insulin mRNA in the circulating blood. Whole blood samples were prospectively taken from 19 patients with type 1 diabetes receiving 31 islet transplants, immediately prior to transplantation and at regular time-points thereafter. After RNA extraction, levels of insulin mRNA were determined by quantitative reverse tran-scriptase-polymerase chain reaction. All patients exhibited a primary peak of insulin mRNA immediately after transplantation, without correlation of duration and amplitude with graft size or outcome. Twenty-five subsequent peaks were observed during the follow-up of 17 transplantations. Fourteen secondary peaks (56%) were closely followed by events related to islet graft function. Duration and amplitude of peaks were higher when they heralded occurrence of an adverse event. Peaks of insulin mRNA can be detected and are often associated with alterations of islet graft function. These data suggest that insulin mRNA detection in the peripheral blood is a promising method for the prediction of islet graft damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Berney
- Division of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ritz-Laser B, Gauthier BR, Estreicher A, Mamin A, Brun T, Ris F, Salmon P, Halban PA, Trono D, Philippe J. Ectopic expression of the beta-cell specific transcription factor Pdx1 inhibits glucagon gene transcription. Diabetologia 2003; 46:810-21. [PMID: 12783165 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-003-1115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2003] [Revised: 03/14/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The transcription factor Pdx1 is required for the development and differentiation of all pancreatic cells. Beta-cell specific inactivation of Pdx1 in developing or adult mice leads to an increase in glucagon-expressing cells, suggesting that absence of Pdx1could favour glucagon gene expression by a default mechanism. METHOD We investigated the inhibitory role of Pdx1 on glucagon gene expression in vitro. The glucagonoma cell line InR1G9 was transduced with a Pdx1-encoding lentiviral vector and insulin and glucagon mRNA levels were analysed by northern blot and real-time PCR. To understand the mechanism by which Pdx1 inhibits glucagon gene expression, we studied its effect on glucagon promoter activity in non-islet cells using transient transfections and gel-shift analysis. RESULTS In glucagonoma cells transduced with a Pdx1-encoding lentiviral vector, insulin gene expression was induced while glucagon mRNA levels were reduced by 50 to 60%. In the heterologous cell line BHK-21, Pdx1 inhibited by 60 to 80% the activation of the alpha-cell specific element G1 conferred by Pax-6 and/or Cdx-2/3. Although Pdx1 could bind three AT-rich motifs within G1, two of which are binding sites for Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3, the affinity of Pdx1 for G1 was much lower as compared to Pax-6. In addition, Pdx1 inhibited Pax-6 mediated activation through G3, to which Pdx1 was unable to bind. Moreover, a mutation impairing DNA binding of Pdx1 had no effect on its inhibition on Cdx-2/3. Since Pdx1 interacts directly with Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3 forming heterodimers, we suggest that Pdx1 inhibits glucagon gene transcription through protein to protein interactions with Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Cell-specific expression of the glucagon gene can only occur when Pdx1 expression extinguishes from the early alpha cell precursor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ritz-Laser
- Diabetes Unit, University Hospital Geneva, 24, rue Micheli-du-Crest, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ritz-Laser B, Estreicher A, Gauthier BR, Mamin A, Edlund H, Philippe J. The pancreatic beta-cell-specific transcription factor Pax-4 inhibits glucagon gene expression through Pax-6. Diabetologia 2002; 45:97-107. [PMID: 11845228 DOI: 10.1007/s125-002-8249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The paired-homeobox genes pax-4 and pax-6 are crucial for islet development; whereas the null mutation of pax-6 results in the nearly absence of glucagon-producing alpha cells, pax-4 homozygous mutant mice lack insulin and somatostatin-producing beta and delta cells but contain an increased number of alpha cells suggesting that alpha cells could develop by a default mechanism. METHODS To investigate whether beta-cell specific factors act negatively on glucagon gene transcription, we ectopically expressed pax-4 in glucagon producing InR1G9 cells; Pax-4 inhibited basal transcription of the glucagon gene promoter by 60%. To assess the mechanism of this inhibition, we cotransfected the non-islet cell line BHK-21 with Pax-4 and various transcription factors present in alpha cells. RESULTS In addition to a general repressor activity on basal glucagon gene promoter activity of 30-50%, a specific 90% inhibition of Pax-6 mediated transactivation was observed. In contrast, Pax-4 had no effect on Cdx-2/3 or HNF3alpha mediated transcriptional activation. Pax-4 showed similar affinity to the Pax-6 binding sites on the glucagon gene promoter compared to Pax-6, but varying with KCl concentrations. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Pax-4 impairs glucagon gene transcription specifically through inhibition of Pax-6 mediated transactivation. Transcriptional inhibition seems to be mediated by direct DNA binding competition with Pax-6 and potentially additional mechanisms such as protein-protein interactions and a general repressor activity of Pax-4. Glucagon gene expression in alpha cells could thus result from both the presence of islet cell specific transcription factors and the absence of Pax-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Ritz-Laser
- Diabetes Unit, Geneva University Hospital, 24, rue Micheli-du-Crest, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kamouchi M, Philipp S, Flockerzi V, Wissenbach U, Mamin A, Raeymaekers L, Eggermont J, Droogmans G, Nilius B. Properties of heterologously expressed hTRP3 channels in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. J Physiol 1999; 518 Pt 2:345-58. [PMID: 10381584 PMCID: PMC2269435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0345p.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
1. We combined patch clamp and fura-2 fluorescence methods to characterize human TRP3 (hTRP3) channels heterologously expressed in cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE) cells, which do not express the bovine trp3 isoform (btrp3) but express btrp1 and btrp4. 2. ATP, bradykinin and intracellular InsP3 activated a non-selective cation current (IhTRP3) in htrp3-transfected CPAE cells but not in non-transfected wild-type cells. During agonist stimulation, the sustained rise in [Ca2+]i was significantly higher in htrp3-transfected cells than in control CPAE cells. 3. The permeability for monovalent cations was PNa > PCs approximately PK >> PNMDG and the ratio PCa/PNa was 1.62 +/- 0.27 (n = 11). Removal of extracellular Ca2+ enhanced the amplitude of the agonist-activated IhTRP3 as well as that of the basal current The trivalent cations La3+ and Gd3+ were potent blockers of IhTRP3 (the IC50 for La3+ was 24.4 +/- 0.7 microM). 4. The single-channel conductance of the channels activated by ATP, assessed by noise analysis, was 23 pS. 5. Thapsigargin and 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1, 4-benzohydroquinone (BHQ), inhibitors of the organellar Ca2+-ATPase, failed to activate IhTRP3. U-73122, a phospholipase C blocker, inhibited IhTRP3 that had been activated by ATP and bradykinin. Thimerosal, an InsP3 receptor-sensitizing compound, enhanced IhTRP3, but calmidazolium, a calmodulin antagonist, did not affect IhTRP3. 6. It is concluded that hTRP3 forms non-selective plasmalemmal cation channels that function as a pathway for agonist-induced Ca2+ influx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kamouchi
- Laboratorium voor Fysiologie, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
(i) We have used a combined patch-clamp and fura-2 fluorescence technique to characterize a nonselective cation channel (NSC) in Ea. hy926 (EA) cells, an endothelial cell line derived from human umbilical vein. (ii) Stimulation with ATP, histamine and bradykinin activated slowly and with a long delay after application of the agonist, a nonselective cation current (INSC) which is time- and voltage-independent. The permeability sequence for cations was PNa > PCs >> PNMDG, PCa. In the absence of external Ca2+ and at rather high concentrations, La3+ and Gd3+ blocked INSC. (iii) Single channel analysis revealed that ATP activates in the cell-attached configuration a nonselective cation channel with a conductance of approximately 24 pS and a permeation sequence identical to that of the macroscopic current. The channel activity disappeared after membrane excision. (iv) Activation of NSC required physiological intracellular Ca2+ levels (100 nm or higher). All agonists failed to activate NSC if cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was lowered by 10 mm BAPTA. Clamping internal Ca2+ at 1 microm sometimes (8 out of 17 cells) spontaneously activated INSC in the absence of any additional stimulus. (v) Application of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone and internal perfusion of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate also activated INSC. The phospholipase C inhibitor, U-73122 inhibited INSC and the sustained Ca2+ plateau during agonist stimulation whereas the inactive analogue, U-73343 had no effect. (vi) These results indicate NSC may act as a Ca2+ entry pathway in endothelium. [Ca2+]i and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate play a role in the activation cascade of NSC, and possibly also store depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kamouchi
- Laboratorium voor Fysiologie, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|